Why do you 𝗡𝗘𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗟𝗘𝗘𝗣?

No one knows for sure, but most scientists believe that during sleep the brain organizes, processes, stores information & produce memories. 

It also gives your body time to rest. If you don’t get enough sleep, you can become irritable & find it hard to concentrate. 

💤 𝐇𝐎𝐖 𝐌𝐔𝐂𝐇 𝐒LEEP💤

     

The electrical activity of brain cells can be measured using special equipment. 

The main waves are known as 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝗮 (consciously alert), 𝗔𝗹𝗽𝗵𝗮 (physically & mentally relaxed), 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝘁𝗮 (sleeping with reduce consciousness) & 𝗗𝗲𝗹𝘁𝗮 (deep sleep). 

°•𝐒𝐋𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐏𝐀𝐓𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐍•°

[REM: Rapid Eye Moment ; NREM: Non-Rapid Eye Moment]

Each night you repeat the NREM & REM stages about every 90 minutes until you wake up. The REM periods become a little longer as the night passes, which is why your longest dreams happen in the morning. During REM sleep, muscles are paralysed so you can’t act out your dreams. 

°•𝐒𝐋𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐒•°

SLEEP WALKING

Some people can get out of bed when they are fast asleep & walk around. Sleepwalkers have been known to drive cars & even commit murder while unconscious. 

SNORING

This noise is caused when soft tissue at the back of the throat relaxes & vibrates during breathing. 

TEETH GRINDING

Clenching or grinding teeth during sleep is called “Bruxism”. It can damage teeth, so sufferers often wear mouth guards. 

SLEEP TALKING

Some sleep talkers make just random noises, but others hold long one-sided conversations.

SLEEP EATING

Sleep eaters raid the fridge while fast asleep. The only clue to their nocturnal activities the next morning is crumbs in the bed. 

°•𝐃𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐌 𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒•°

~This is something really interesting to glare~

• You dream several times a night, but only remember dreams if you are woken during them. 

• You forget most of your dreams within ten minutes of waking. 

• People who have been blind since birth have dreams with sound but no pictures. 

• Some people dream only in black & white, not colour. 

• You incorporate physical sensations & environmental factors into your dreams, such as feeling thirsty, needing the toilet or hearing car siren. 

°•𝐓𝐀𝐋𝐋 𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒•°

° Kid’s bodies release more growth hormone during sleep, so too many late nights can leave you short! 

° When you wake up after a good night’s sleep, you will be about 3 cm (1 inch) taller than when you went to bed. During the day, gravity compresses the discs in your spine making you shorter, but as you sleep the discs expand again. 

°•𝐒𝐋𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐂𝐊𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐓•°

✔Lying down

✔Eyes closed 

✔Unconscious to the surrounding environment

✔Can only hear loud noises

✔Occasionally moves body

✔Slow heart rate

✔Slow, rhythmic breathing

𝐒𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐭s 𝐨𝐟 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝:

1) Do you remember what you dreamt today?

2) Do you suffer from any sleep disorder? 

3) Do you dream black & white or colourful? 

Plzz… Do share some of your thoughts & themes regarding dreams hereby in comment section!

Thank you for your valuable time… 

Hope you have a Good Night Sleep & Ride a Rainbow 🌈 in your Wonderful Dreams every night!! 💤

To parents everywhere,
a child’s first and most important teachers,
and to all those who educate, influence,
and lead by example

The Richest Businessmen
In 1923 a group of our greatest leaders and richest businessmen
held a meeting at the Edgewater Beach hotel in Chicago. Among
them were Charles Schwab, head of the largest independent steel
company; Samuel Insull, president of the world’s largest utility;
Howard Hopson, head of the largest gas company; Ivar Kreuger,
president of International Match Co., one of the world’s largest
companies at that time; Leon Frazier, president of the Bank of
International Settlements; Richard Whitney, president of the
New York Stock Exchange; Arthur Cotton and Jesse Livermore,
two of the biggest stock speculators; and Albert Fall, a member of
President Harding’s cabinet. Twenty-five years later, nine of these
titans ended their lives as follows: Schwab died penniless after
living for five years on borrowed money. Insull died broke in a
foreign land, and Kreuger and Cotton also died broke. Hopson
went insane. Whitney and Albert Fall were released from prison,
and Fraser and Livermore committed suicide.

So here is the argument I put forth. I really don’t expect most
people to agree with it because your home is an emotional thing
and when it comes to money, high emotions tend to lower financial
intelligence. I know from personal experience that money has a way
of making every decision emotional.
• When it comes to houses, most people work all their
lives paying for a home they never own. In other words,
most people buy a new house every few years, each time
incurring a new 30-year loan to pay off the previous one.
• Even though people receive a tax deduction for interest
on mortgage payments, they pay for all their other
expenses with after-tax dollars, even after they pay off
their mortgage.
• My wife’s parents were shocked when the property taxes
on their home increased to $1,000 a month. This was
after they had retired, so the increase put a strain on their
retirement budget, and they felt forced to move.
• Houses do not always go up in value. I have friends who
owe a million dollars for a home that today would sell
for far less.
• The greatest losses of all are those from missed opportunities.
If all your money is tied up in your house, you may be forced
to work harder because your money continues blowing
out of the expense column, instead of adding to the asset
column—the classic middle-class cash-flow pattern. If a
young couple would put more money into their asset column
early on, their later years would be easier. Their assets would
have grown and would be available to help cover expenses.
All too often, a house only serves as a vehicle for incurring a
home-equity loan to pay for mounting expenses.

Mind Your Own Business

In summary, the end result in making a decision to own a house
that is too expensive in lieu of starting an investment portfolio impacts
an individual in at least the following three ways:

1. Loss of time, during which other assets could have grown
   in value.
2. Loss of additional capital, which could have been invested
   instead of paying for high-maintenance expenses related
   directly to the home.
3. Loss of education. Too often, people count their house
   and savings and retirement plans as all they have in their
   asset column. Because they have no money to invest, they
   simply don’t invest. This costs them investment experience.
   Most never become what the investment world calls “a
   sophisticated investor.” And the best investments are usually
   first sold to sophisticated investors, who then turn around
   and sell them to the people playing it safe.

Work to Learn—Don’t Work for Money

I remind people that financial IQ is made up of knowledge from
four broad areas of expertise:

1. Accounting
   Accounting is financial literacy or the ability to read numbers.
   This is a vital skill if you want to build an empire. The more
   money you are responsible for, the more accuracy is required,
   or the house comes tumbling down. This is the left-brain
   side, or the details. Financial literacy is the ability to read and
   understand financial statements which allows you to identify
   the strengths and weaknesses of any business.
2. Investing
   Investing is the science of “money making money.” This
   involves strategies and formulas which use the creative
   right-brain side.
3. Understanding markets
   Understanding markets is the science of supply and demand.
   You need to know the technical aspects of the market, which are
   emotion-driven, in addition to the fundamental or economic
   aspects of an investment. Does an investment make sense or does
   it not make sense based on current market conditions?
4. The law
   A corporation wrapped around the technical skills of
   accounting, investing, and markets can contribute to explosive
   growth. A person who understands the tax advantages and
   protections provided by a corporation can get rich so much
   faster than someone who is an employee or a small-business
   sole proprietor. It’s like the difference between someone walking
   and someone flying. The difference is profound when it comes
   to long-term wealth.
   • Tax advantages
   A corporation can do many things that an employee cannot,
   like pay expenses before paying taxes. That is a whole area of
   expertise that is very exciting. Employees earn and get taxed,
   and they try to live on what is left. A corporation earns,
   spends everything it can, and is taxed on anything that is
   left. It’s one of the biggest legal tax loopholes that the rich
   use. They’re easy to set up and are not expensive if you own
   investments that are producing good cashflow. For example,
   by owning your own corporation, your vacations can be
   board meetings in Hawaii. Car payments, insurance, repairs,
   and health-club memberships are company expenses. Most
   restaurant meals are partial expenses, and on and on. But it’s
   done legally with pre-tax dollars.
   • Protection from lawsuits
   We live in a litigious society. Everybody wants a piece of
   your action. The rich hide much of their wealth using
   vehicles such as corporations and trusts to protect their
   assets from creditors. When someone sues a wealthy
   individual, they are often met with layers of legal protection
   and often find that the wealthy person actually owns
   nothing. They control everything, but own nothing. The
   poor and middle class try to own everything and lose it to
   the government or to fellow citizens who like to sue the
   rich. They learned it from the Robin Hood story: Take
   from the rich, and give it to the poor.

Which one sounds harder to you?

1. Work hard. Pay 50% in taxes. Save what is left.
   Your savings then earn 5%, which is also taxed.
   OR
2. Take the time to develop your financial intelligence
   Harness the power of your brain and the asset column.

I have said it before, but it’s worth repeating. Financial intelligence
is made up of these four main technical skills:

1. Accounting
   Accounting is financial literacy, or the ability to read
   numbers. This is a vital skill if you want to build
   businesses or investments.
2. Investing
   Investing is the science of money making money.
3. Understanding markets
   Understanding markets is the science of supply and
   demand Alexander Graham Bell gave the market what it
   wanted. So did Bill Gates. A $75,000 house offered for
   $60,000 that cost $20,000 was also the result of seizing
   an opportunity created by the market. Somebody was
   buying, and someone was selling.
4. The law
   The law is the awareness of accounting corporate, state and
   federal regulations. I recommend playing by the rules.

Getting Started

1. Find an opportunity that everyone else missed.
   You see with your mind what others miss with their eyes.
   For example, a friend bought this rundown old house. It was
   spooky to look at. Everyone wondered why he bought it.
   What he saw that we did not was that the house came with
   four extra empty lots. He discovered that after going to the
   title company. After buying the house, he tore the house
   down and sold the five lots to a builder for three times what
   he paid for the entire package. He made $75,000 for two
   months of work. It’s not a lot of money, but it sure beats
   minimum wage. And it’s not technically difficult.
2. Raise money.
   The average person only goes to the bank. This second type
   of investor needs to know how to raise capital, and there are
   many ways that don’t require a bank. To get started, I learned
   how to buy houses without a bank. It was the learned skill
   of raising money, more than the houses themselves, that
   was priceless.

3. Organize smart people.
   Intelligent people are those who work with or hire a
   person who is more intelligent than they are. When you
   need advice, make sure you choose your advisor wisely.

Still Want More? Here Are Some To Do’s

The main management skills needed for success are:

1. Management of cash flow
2. Management of systems
3. Management of people

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will attend the first I2U2 Leaders’ Summit on July 14 with leaders from Israel, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.I2U2 aims to make joint investments in six mutually recognized sectors such as water, energy, transport, space, health and food security.The first I2U2 Leaders Summit will take place today at around 4:00 p.m.

A major topic of the meeting will also be how the partnership between the companies of these four countries can be advanced in order to overcome the great economic challenges. Joining this group of four countries (Quad) has many meanings for India.First, this will be the second quad with the US that India will be a member of.There is currently a quad coalition of India, America, Australia and Japan whose heads met in May 2022.At that meeting, these four countries had announced a grand agenda of economic cooperation and the Indo-Pacific economic framework.What is the I2U2 Summit?I2U2 stands for I2 for India and Israel while U2 stands for USA and UAE .I2U2 is a group of four countries namely India, Israel, USA and United Arab Emirates.These four nations will focus on food security and defense to create a new global standard.At this meeting, the future agenda of six key areas will be discussed.These will mainly include energy and food security.Another important topic of the meeting will be how to advance the partnership between the companies of these four countries to tackle the major economic challenges.The four countries are making efforts to strengthen economic parity partnerships in other areas of interest as well.Member countries will work to carry trade and investment to areas other than their region.The joint statement issued after the meeting will be monitored.
These leaders, including Modi and Biden, will attend the I2U2 meeting

The information from the Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the forthcoming meeting on Tuesday indicates that it is only about economic, social and infrastructure cooperation. The Foreign Ministry has announced that Prime Minister Narendra Modi will attend the first I2U2 meeting, Israel’s Prime Minister Yar Lapid, UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and US President Joe Biden. The decision regarding I2U2 was made at the meeting of the foreign ministers of the four countries mentioned above on October 18, 2021.After that, Sherpa-level talks between the four countries will also continue on an ongoing basis.

The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) set minimum energy performance standards for commercial buildings. Under section 14 (p) of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001, Central Government has powers to prescribe ECBC for non-residential buildings, having connected load of 100 KW and above or a contract demand of 120 KVA and above or recommended built-up area of 1000 sqm and above. or building complex for efficient use of energy and its conservation. The state governments have the flexibility to modify ECBC to suit local or regional needs. Energy performance standards for the following building systems will be included in the ECBC:

1. Building Envelope
2. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
3. Lighting
4. Service Water Heating
5. Electric Power and Distribution

The salient features of the ECBC for the Composite Climate Zone are as under:

1. Building Envelope:

ECBC compliant design strategy for a building is as under:

Heat/Moisture Losses	Walls	Roof	Window
Minimize Conduction Losses	Use insulation with low U-value	Use insulation with low U-value	Use material with low U-factor
Minimize Convection Losses & Moisture Penetration	Reduce air leakage & use vapor barrier	Reduce air leakage & use vapor Barrier	Use prefabricated windows and seal the joints between windows and walls.

Roof Requirement:

Climate Zone	Hospitals, Hotels, Call Centres, (24-hours)		Other Building types (Daytime)
	Maximum U-factor of the overall assembly (W/sq.m-0 C)	Minimum R-value of insulation alone (W/sq.m-0 C)	Maximum U-factor of the overall assembly (W/sq.m-0 C)	Minimum R-value of insulation alone (W/sq.m-0 C)
Composite	U-0.261	R-3.5	U-0.409	R-2.1

Wall Requirement:

Climate Zone	Hospitals, Hotels, Call Centres, (24-hours)		Other Building types (Daytime)
	Maximum U-factor of the overall assembly (W/sq.m-0 C)	Minimum R-value of insulation alone (W/sq.m-0 C)	Maximum U-factor of the overall assembly (W/sq.m-0 C)	Minimum R-value of insulation alone (W/sq.m-0 C)
Composite	U-0.440	R-2.10	U-0.440	R-2.10

<td data-th="Maximum SHGC WWR 0.25

<td data-th="Maximum SHGC 40% < WWR 0.20

<td data-th="Maximum SHGC WWR 0.25

<td data-th="Maximum SHGC 40% < WWR 0.20

<td data-th="Maximum SHGC WWR Minimum VLT

<td data-th="Maximum SHGC WWR 0.27

<td data-th="Maximum SHGC WWR 0.20

<td data-th="Maximum SHGC WWR 0.16

<td data-th="Maximum SHGC WWR 0.13

Glazing requirements:

Climate	Maximum U-factor	Maximum SHGC WWR < 40%	Maximum SHGC 40% < WWR <60%
Composite	3.3
Composite	3.3
Minimum Visible Light Transmittance
Window –Wall-Ratio
<30%
31%-40%
41%-50%
51%-60%

Defaults for Unrated Vertical Fenestration (Overall Assembly including the Sash and Frame)

		Clear Glass		Tinted Glass
Frame Type	Glazing Type	U- Factor(W/m2-0C)	SHGC	VLT	U-Factor	SHGC	VLT
All frame types	Single Glazing	7.1	0.82	0.76	7.1	0.70	0.58
Wood, vinyl, of fiberglass frame	Double Glazing	3.3	0.59	0.64	3.4	0.42	0.39
Metel and other frame type	Double Glazing	5.1	0.68	0.66	5.1	0.50	0.40

Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients for Composite Climate (under review)

	Daytime Occupancy		24- Hour Occupancy
	U – Factor	SHGC	U – Factor	SHGC
Mass Walls	6.01	–	13.85	–
Curtain Walls, Other	15.72	–	20.48	–
Roofs	11.93	–	24.67	–
North Windows	-1.75	40.65	-4.56	58.15
Non-North Windows	-1.25	54.51	0.68	86.57
Skylights	-96.35	311.71	-294.66	918.77

Comfort requirements and Physical manifestations in Buildings of Composite Climate Zone

Thermal Requirements	Physical Manifestation
Reduce Heat Gain in Summer and Reduce Heat Loss in Winter
Decrease exposed surface area	Orientation and shape of building. Use of trees as wind barriers
Increase thermal resistance	Roof insulation and wall insulation
Increase thermal capacity (Time lag)	Thicker walls
Increase buffer spaces	Air locks/Balconies
Decrease air exchange rate	Weather stripping
Increase shading	Walls, glass surfaces protected by overhangs, fins and trees
Increase surface reflectivity	Pale color, glazed china mosaic tiles, etc.
Reduce solar heat gain	Use glazing with lower SHGC and provide shading for windows. Minimize glazing in East and West
Promote Heat Loss in Summer/Monsoon
Increase air exchange rate ( Ventilation)	Courtyards/wind towers/ arrangement of openings
Increase humidity levels in dry summer	Trees and water ponds for evaporative cooling
Decrease humidity in monsoon	Dehumidifiers/ desiccant cooling

Source:- Nayak and Prajapati (2206), Handbook on Energy Conscious Buildings.

2. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC):

i) Minimum Efficiency for Chillers:

Equipment Class	Minimum COP	Minimum IPLV	Test Standard
Air Cooled Chiller <530KW (<150 tons)	2.90	3.16	ARI 550/590-1998
Air Cooled Chiller>=530KW(>=150 tons)	3.05	3.32	ARI 550/590-1998
Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller <530KW(<150 tons)	5.80	6.09	ARI 550/590-1998
Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller >=530KW and =150 tons and <300 tons)	5.80	6.17
Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller >=1050KW(>=300 tons)	6.30	6.61	ARI 550/590-1998
Reciprocating Compressor, Water Cooled Chiller all sizes	4.20	5.05
Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled Chiller <530KW(<150 tons)	4.70	5.49	ARI550/590-1998
Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled Chiller>=530 and =150 and <300 tons)	5.40	6.17
R Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled Chiller>=1050KW(>=300 tons)	5.75	6.43	ARI 550/590-1998

ii) Unitary Air

Conditioning Equipment:

Equipment Class	Minimum COP	Minimum IPLV	Test Standard
Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner >=19 and =5.4 and <11 tons)	3.08		ARI 210/240
Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner >=40 to =11 to <20 tons)	3.08		ARI 340/360
Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner >=70KW(>=20 tons)	2.93	2.99	ARI 340/360
Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner<19KW(<5.4 tons)	4.10		ARI 210/240
Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner>=19 and =5.4 and <11 tons)	4.10	+++	ARI 210/240
Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner>==11 tons)	3.22	3.02	ARI 210/240

3. Lighting:

i) Lighting Power Requirement: Table 7.3.1 Interior Lighting Power-Building Area Method

Building Area Type	LPD (W/sq.m)	Building Area Type	LPD (W/sq.m)
Automotive facility	9.7	Multifamily	7.5
Convention Center	12.9	Museum	11.8
Court House	12.9	Office	10.8
Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure	14.0	Parking Garage	3.2
Dinging: Cafeteria/Fast Food	15.1	Performing Arts Theater	17.2

Table 7.3.2 Interior Lighting Power –Space Function Method

Space Function	LPD (W/sq.m)	Space Function	LPD (W/sq.m)
Lobby	14.0	Hospital
For Hotel	11.8	Emergency	29.1
For Performing Arts Theater	35.5	Recovery	8.6
For Motion Picture Theater	11.8	Nurse Station	10.8

ii) Exterior Building Lighting Power:

Exterior Lighting Applications	Power Limits
Building entrance (with canopy)	13 W/m2 (1.3 W / ft2) of canopied are
Building entrance (without canopy)	90 W/lin m (30 W/lin f) of door width
Building exit	60 W/lin m (20 W/lin f) of door width
Building facades	2 W/m2 (0.2 W/ ft2) of vertical facade area

iii) Interior Lighting Power – Space Function Method:

Space Function LPD (W/m2)		Space Function LPD (W/m2)
Office-enclosed	11.8	For Reading Area	12.9
Office- open plan	11.8	Hospital
Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose	14.0	For Emergency	29.1
Classroom/Lecture Training	15.1	For Recovery	8.6
Lobby	14.0	For Nurse Station	10.8
For Hotel	11.8	For Exam Treatment	16.1
For Performing Arts Theater	35.5	For Pharmacy	12.9
For Motion Picture Theater	11.8	For patient Room	7.5
Audience/Seating Area*	9.7	For Operating Room	23.7
For Gymnasium	4.3	For Nursery	6.5
For Convention Center	7.5	For Medical	23.7
Audience/Seating Area*	9.7	For Operating Room	15.1
Atrium –first three floors	6.5	For Low Bay (<8m celling)	12.9
Atrium-each additional floor	2.2	For High Bay (>8m ceiling)	18.3
Lounge/Recreation*	12.9	For Detailed Manufacturing	22.6
For Hospital	8.6	For Equipment Room	12.9
Dining Area*	9.7	For Control Room	5.4
For Hotel	14.0	Hotel/Motel Guest Rooms	11.8
For Motel	12.9	Dormitory- Living Quarters	11.8
For Bar Lounge/Leisure Dining	15.1	Museum
For Family Dining	22.6	For General Exhibition	10.8
Food Preparation	12.9	For Restoration	18.3
Laboratory	15.1	Bank office- Banking Activity Area	16.1
Restrooms	9.7	Retail
Dressing/Locker/Fitting Room	6.5	For Sales Area	18.3
Corridor/Transition*	5.4	For Mall Concourse	18.3
For Hospital	10.8	Sports Arena
For Manufacturing Facility	5.4	For Ring Sports Area	29.1
Stairs-active	6.5	For Court Sports Area	24.8
Active Storage*	8.6	For Indoor Field Area	15.1
For Hospital	9.7	Warehouse
Inactive Storage*	3.2	For Fine Material Storage	15.1
For Museum	8.6	For Medium /Bulky Material Storage	9.7
Electrical /Mechanical Facility	16.1	Parking Garage- Garage Area	2.2
Workshop	20.5	Transportation
Convention Center- Exhibit Space	14.0	For Airport- Concourse	6.5
Library	For Air/Train/Bus- Baggage Area	10.8
For Card File & Cataloging	11.8	For Ticket Counter Terminal	16.1
For Stacks	18.3

4. Service Water Heating:

Mandatory Requirements

a) Solar water heater or heat recovery for at least 20% of the design capacity

Minimum efficiency for service water heating equipment

Piping insulation