Hindi originated as a word for the people who lived on the banks of the Indus River in ancient times. It is located in India’s northwestern region. It is also one of Asia’s longest river systems.. Later in time, the word Indus was heard as the people called Hindus, and the language they spoke was known as Hindi. Hindi also has its roots in Sanskrit. Initially, there was only Sanskrit, but over time it underwent various changes in the time frame of 1500 BC – 800 BC. There is a main dialect that flows into other languages called Khari Boli. It was this dialect that laid the foundation for classical Hindustani popularity. Today’s Urdu and Hindi arose from Khari Boli.
As such, India is a diverse, multilingual country with its own culture, politics and historical significance. Hindi is the most widely spoken language in our country. This is why Mahatma Gandhi said that Hindi is our public language.
Bihar, which followed Urdu as its official later in 1881, became the first state to declare Hindi as its official language. Finally, on September 14, 1949, Hindi was accepted as the official language of India.
This day is also declared as Hindi Diwas as it is an attempt to pay homage to Beohar Rajendra Simha. He is recognized for his efforts to make Hindi an official language of India.
No one has decided on the way to celebrate Hindi Diwas. Many literary events and cultural programs are organized on this important day. Themes of wearing Indian dress are decided and events are organized in schools, colleges etc. Schools also hold various competitions such as debates, essays and exhibitions. Various awards are also distributed for the promotion of Hindi like Rajbhasha Kirti Puraskar and Rajbhasha Gaurav Puraskar are distributed under public units, ministries, nationalized banks and also among citizens.
Facts about Hindi, our mother tongue:
It is the fourth most widely spoken language after Mandarin, Spanish and English.
It is written in the Devanagari script, which originated in the 11th century.
Oxford dictionary has various Hindi words like Kebab, Papad, Bada Din, Bacha, Surya Namaskar, Bapu, Dadagiri and many more.
Other Hindi speaking countries are Pakistan, Nepal, United Arab Emirates, Mauritius, Suriname, Tobago, Fiji, Guyana and Trinidad.
Hindi is our mother tongue and it is also a symbol of freedom which was won for all of us by our freedom fighters after a long legendary struggle. It is time for us to wake up and realize that our language and our identity are being unconsciously eliminated due to our carelessness and the growing influence of westernization. We are nothing without our cultural identity, hence Hindi Diwas is an attempt to rekindle the essence of Hindi in our lives. It is time we value our own culture and language. Celebrate Hindi Diwas with your loved ones and spread knowledge about our mother tongue.
The Human Development Index 2022 is part of the Human Development Report 2021-2022 released by the United Nations Development Programme. In HDI 2022, 191 countries have been ranked based on their HDI value measured on the basis of 4 indices- life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita.
India ranks 132 out of 191 countries in the Human Development Index (HDI) 2021. This shows a decline in its score over two consecutive years for the first time in three decades. In 2020, India ranked 130 with an HDI value of 0.642. Before the COVID-19 outbreak, the HDI value of India was 0.645 in 2018. This drop in HDI score is consistent with the global trend which shows countries have fallen backward in human development since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
With a rank of 132, India is now placed below its south Asian neighbours of Bangladesh (129th), Bhutan (127th), Sri Lanka (73rd) and China (79th). India registered a decline in its HDI score for two consecutive years for the first time in three decades. India’s HDI score of 0.633 placed it in the medium human development category. However, India has improved slightly in the Gender Inequality Index.
However, UNDP says the ranking cannot be comparable as in 2020, the HDI was measured for 189 countries, and this year, the value has been calculated for 191 countries. It also said India’s latest rank reflects global trend as 9 out of 10 countries have fallen backward in human development in the face of multiple crises like Covid-19, the war in Ukraine and dangerous planetary changes.
The Human Development Index 2022 is part of the Human Development Report 2021-2022 released by the United Nations Development Programme. In HDI 2022, 191 countries have been ranked based on their HDI value measured on the basis of 4 indices- life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita.
India ranks 132 out of 191 countries in the Human Development Index (HDI) 2021. This shows a decline in its score over two consecutive years for the first time in three decades. In 2020, India ranked 130 with an HDI value of 0.642. Before the COVID-19 outbreak, the HDI value of India was 0.645 in 2018. This drop in HDI score is consistent with the global trend which shows countries have fallen backward in human development since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
With a rank of 132, India is now placed below its south Asian neighbours of Bangladesh (129th), Bhutan (127th), Sri Lanka (73rd) and China (79th). India registered a decline in its HDI score for two consecutive years for the first time in three decades. India’s HDI score of 0.633 placed it in the medium human development category. However, India has improved slightly in the Gender Inequality Index.
However, UNDP says the ranking cannot be comparable as in 2020, the HDI was measured for 189 countries, and this year, the value has been calculated for 191 countries. It also said India’s latest rank reflects global trend as 9 out of 10 countries have fallen backward in human development in the face of multiple crises like Covid-19, the war in Ukraine and dangerous planetary changes.
Empowerment stands for giving authority and power to women. Thus, Women’s empowerment refers to empowering women to make their own decisions. It means women should have full equality across all fields, regardless of stereotypes. With higher literacy rates and equal pay for equal work, women can thrive economically and rise out of poverty. Protecting women and girls from violence and abuse while challenging the stigmas against reporting crimes would overall create a much safer society.
The Current State of Gender Equality:
On the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index of 2021, India ranks 140th among 153 nations, “becoming the third-worst performer in South Asia.” India fell 28 places from its 2020 rank of 112th. The report cites several reasons for this fall. In terms of political empowerment, the number of female ministers declined from about 23% in 2019 to just 9% in 2021. The female workforce participation rate also decreased “from 24.8% to 22.3%.” Additionally, the “share of women in senior and managerial positions also remains low.” The report also indicates that women in India earn just one-fifth of what men earn.
Furthermore, “one in four women” endure “intimate violence” at least once in their lifetime. Although India has achieved gender parity in educational attainment, illiteracy rates among women remain high. The report indicates that just 65.8% of women in India are literate in 2021 in comparison to 82.4% of men.
Women also endure inequality concerning land and property rights. A 2016 UNICEF report noted that only 12.7% of properties in India “are in the names of women” despite 77% of women in India depending on agricultural work as a core source of income.
Benefits of Empowering Women in India:
As the majority of India’s population, women represent a significant portion of the nation’s untapped economic potential. As such, empowering women in India through equal opportunities would allow them to contribute to the economy as productive citizens. With higher literacy rates and equal pay for equal work, women can thrive economically and rise out of poverty.
Protecting women and girls from violence and abuse while challenging the stigmas against reporting crimes would overall create a much safer society. Improving the female political representation rate would enable more women to serve as role models for young girls and allow a platform to bring awareness to the issues affecting women in India. Overall, gender equality allows for women to live a better quality of life, allowing them to determine their futures beyond traditional expectations.
Women Of Worth (WOW):
According to its website, “Women Of Worth exists for the growth, empowerment, and safety of girls and women” standing “for justice, equality and change.” WOW began in 2008, created by a group of women who longed for change in a society rife with gender discriminatory practices. Its ultimate vision is “to see women and girls live up to their fullest potential.” With a mission of empowering women in India.
The organization has three focal areas:
1. Advocacy Work: WOW utilizes social media platforms to raise awareness of gender inequality and “change attitudes and behavior.”
2. Training and Health Services: WOW provides training to both men and women in schools, tertiary institutions, and companies on women’s safety and rights. It also presents lectures and “keynote addresses” on the topic. Furthermore, WOW provides counseling sessions to improve mental health. Rehabilitation and Restoration: WOW offers “counseling, life skills training, and therapy” to children and women who are victims of abuse, neglect, and trafficking.
WOW’s efforts have seen success. The organization helped to rescue 200 girls from abusive backgrounds, providing them with rehabilitation services. WOW also gave 11 girls scholarships to continue their education. WOW provided training on gender equality to about 800 working people and “1500 students” along with “200 parents” and 300 educators.
3. Gender equality is a crucial cornerstone in the advancement of any society or nation as it affects all areas of society from economic growth to education, health, and quality of life. Gender inequality in India is a deep-rooted, complex, and multi-layered issue but it is also an essential battle to overcome to see the fullest potential of the nation.
How are women empowered in India?
The Constitution of India has certain provisions that specifically focus on women’s empowerment and prevents discrimination against women in society. Article 14 talks about equality before the law. Article 15 enables the state to make special provisions for women.
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Andolan has been launched for creating awareness among the people to educate all girl children in the country. The government successfully promotes this scheme by forming District Task Force and Block Task Force. The scheme was launched in the Panipat district of Haryana on 22 January 2015 with initial funding of Rs. 100 crore. Before the launching of this scheme, the Child Sex Ratio of Panipat was 808 in 2001 and 837 in 2011.
Massive publicity is made about the program in print and electronic media, and the logo of this scheme is very common in government buildings such as pillars of National Highway 44, Panipat District Court, bus stand, and railway station of Panipat district, etc.
Financial independence is important for women’s empowerment. Women, who are educated and earning, are in a much better position in our society as compared to uneducated women workers. Therefore, a scheme called working women hostels has been launched so that safe and convenient accommodation should be provided to working women. The benefit of this scheme is given to every working woman without any distinction of caste, religion, marital status, etc. To take benefit from this scheme, the gross total income of women should not exceed Rs. 50,000 per month in the case of metropolitan cities whereas, in the case of small cities, the gross total income should not exceed Rs. 35,000 per month.
The focus of the government has shifted from women’s development to women-led development. To achieve this goal, the government is working around the clock to maximize women’s access to education, skill training, and institutional credit. MUDRA Yojana ( Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Ltd ) is one such scheme that was launched on 8 April 2015 in which loans up to Rs. 10 lakh are provided to women entrepreneurs, without any collateral. For instance: A woman namely Kamla daily wage laborer from Panipat has taken a loan of Rs. 45,000 from the State Bank of India to start work in a beauty parlor and she is engaged in gainful employment with dignity now.
Conclusion:
Women must have an equal voice, rights, and opportunities, throughout their lives. Gender equality can make a difference to individual lives and whole communities. Economic and Social Empowerment places women and girls in a stronger position. Women’s and girls Economic Empowerment gives a voice in decison making processes. women also should be given equal rights like men to actually empower them. They need to be strong, aware, and alert every time for their growth and development. The most common challenges are related to the education, poverty, health, and safety of women.
Goa was formed on 30th May 1987. The capital of Goa is Panaji. The chief languages spoken by people are Marathi and Konkani. The main towns of Goa are Panaji, Margaret, Vasco, Ma- pusa and Ponda. The wildlife sanctuaries are Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, the Bondla wildlife sanctuary, Molem National Park etc. The main beaches are Bogmalo(water sports), Varca, Candolim, Baga, Anjuna, Morjim,Candolim etc. The main waterfalls are Aravelam adjacent to Rudreshwara temple and rock cut caves, the Dudsagar waterfalls downward to it is Devil’s canyon suitable for trekkers and hikers. Tiracol is fort built by Marathas in 1745. Aguada fort built by Portuguese 1609 – 1612. Now used as central prison.Paddy is the main agriculture grown here.Ragi, cashew, coconut are also grown in Goa. Fishing is also main occupation of people. Main sweets of Goa are Bebinca, Dodol,Sanna and delicacies include Bangra, pork vindaloo, sorpotel, chourisso. Other attractions are the Secretariat building, Church of St. Francis of Assisi,Church of St. Austin,Church of St. Monica, Basilica of Bom Jesus,Goa state museum,Colma,Palolem etc.
“It is better to work out than rust out” – Sir M Visvesvaraya
Engineers play a crucial role in the development of a nation. On September 15, the country celebrates Engineer’s Day to appreciate the contribution of engineers. The day is celebrated as a tribute to the first, and one of the greatest ever engineers hailing from India Sir M. Visvesvaraya. Visvesvaraya’s contributions to the field of engineering and education are significant. Since 1968, India has celebrated Engineer’s Day on this date every year. 1883.
September 15 is observed as Engineer’s Day in India to mark the birth anniversary of Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya – considered a pioneer in the field of engineering in India. M. Visvesvaraya was also the Diwan of Mysore from 1912 to 1918. In fact, he was the brain behind the Krishnaraja Sagar dam in Mysore as well as the chief designer of the flood protection system for the city of Hyderabad. For 2021, the theme was “Engineering for A Healthy Planet- Celebrating the UNESCO Engineering Report.” As per reports, India has the second largest number of engineers in the world. Often at times, India is also referred to as the country of engineers. The day serves as a reminder to all engineers, especially civil engineers, to make Sir Visvesvaraya their role model and work towards accomplishing goals for the betterment of the country.
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