Day: March 16, 2023

Preamble of Indian Constitution

 The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is an introductory statement that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives of the Constitution. It is a concise and powerful statement that reflects the aspirations and values of the Indian people. The Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution and serves as a guide to interpreting its provisions. It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949, and came into effect on 26th January 1950, when the Constitution was enacted.


Source – Timesofindia

The Preamble begins with the words “We, the people of India,” which reflects the democratic nature of the Indian Constitution. The use of the phrase “We, the people” signifies that the Constitution derives its authority from the people of India, who are the ultimate source of power in the country. The Preamble contains several important keywords, which are discussed below.

  1. Sovereign: The term sovereign means that India is a self-governing nation, and its government is not subject to external control or influence. It implies that the Indian Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and all citizens and institutions must respect its provisions.

  2. Socialist: The term socialist reflects the commitment of the Indian Constitution to the principles of social justice and equality. It emphasizes the need to eliminate poverty, inequality, and exploitation, and to promote the welfare of all citizens.

  3. Secular: The term secular means that the Indian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion to all citizens, and the State does not endorse or promote any particular religion. It implies that the State is neutral in matters of religion and treats all religions equally.

  4. Democratic: The term democratic signifies that the Indian Constitution is based on the principles of democracy, which includes free and fair elections, the rule of law, and the protection of individual rights and freedoms. It implies that the government is accountable to the people, and the people have the right to participate in the decision-making process.

  5. Republic: The term republic means that India is a sovereign state, and its head of state is elected by the people. It implies that the Indian Constitution provides for a representative government that is accountable to the people.

  6. Justice: The term justice reflects the commitment of the Indian Constitution to the principles of social, economic, and political justice. It implies that the State must ensure that all citizens have access to justice, and that there is no discrimination based on caste, gender, religion, or any other grounds.

  7. Liberty: The term liberty signifies that the Indian Constitution guarantees freedom of speech, expression, assembly, and association to all citizens. It implies that the State must respect and protect the rights of individuals to live their lives as they see fit, as long as they do not infringe on the rights of others.

  8. Equality: The term equality reflects the commitment of the Indian Constitution to the principle of equal treatment under the law. It implies that all citizens are equal before the law, and there is no discrimination based on caste, gender, religion, or any other grounds.

  9. Fraternity: The term fraternity means a sense of brotherhood. The constitution of India promotes the feeling of fraternity by the system of single citizenship.

What are Dwarf Planets?

 Dwarf planets are a category of celestial objects that are similar to planets, but are smaller in size and lack certain characteristics that define a planet. The classification of a celestial object as a dwarf planet was introduced by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2006.

The IAU defines a dwarf planet as a celestial body that orbits the Sun, is spherical in shape, and has not cleared its orbit of other debris. This means that while a dwarf planet is similar to a planet in terms of its shape and orbit, it has not become dominant in its orbit and there are other objects in its vicinity. Currently, there are five officially recognized dwarf planets in our Solar System: Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and Ceres.


Source – Shutterstock Images

Pluto is the most well-known dwarf planet and was formerly considered the ninth planet in our Solar System. It was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006 due to its size and orbit. Pluto is located in the Kuiper Belt, a region beyond Neptune that contains many icy objects. It has five known moons and a highly eccentric orbit that brings it closer to the Sun than Neptune for part of its orbit.

Eris is the largest known dwarf planet and is located in the scattered disc, a region beyond Neptune that contains many objects with highly elliptical orbits. It was discovered in 2005 and is named after the Greek goddess of discord. Eris has one known moon and a highly elliptical orbit that takes it far beyond Pluto.

Haumea is a dwarf planet located in the Kuiper Belt. It is named after the Hawaiian goddess of childbirth and fertility. Haumea has an elongated shape and rotates rapidly, completing a full rotation in just four hours. It has two known moons and a highly elliptical orbit.

Makemake is another dwarf planet located in the Kuiper Belt. It was discovered in 2005 and is named after the creation deity of the Rapa Nui people of Easter Island. Makemake is one of the largest known objects in the Kuiper Belt and has a highly reflective surface.

Ceres is the only dwarf planet located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. It was the first object to be discovered in the asteroid belt and was considered a planet for a brief period in the 19th century before its size was determined. Ceres is the largest object in the asteroid belt and has a rocky surface.

In addition to these five recognized dwarf planets, there are many other objects in our Solar System that could potentially be classified as dwarf planets. These include objects in the Kuiper Belt, the scattered disc, and even some of the larger asteroids in the asteroid belt.

The study of dwarf planets is important because they provide valuable information about the formation and evolution of our Solar System. Many dwarf planets are thought to be remnants from the early Solar System, and their study can help us understand the conditions that existed during that time.

In conclusion, dwarf planets are a category of celestial objects that share similarities with planets but have not cleared their orbit of other debris. There are currently five recognized dwarf planets in our Solar System, including Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and Ceres. The study of dwarf planets is important for understanding the history and evolution of our Solar System.

Purification of Organic Compounds

Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms, and may also contain other elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and halogens. These compounds are found in nature and are also synthesized in laboratories for various purposes. However, these compounds may contain impurities that affect their properties and functions, making it necessary to purify them before use.


Source – Wikipedia

Purification of organic compounds involves the removal of impurities by various methods such as filtration, distillation, chromatography, and crystallization. The choice of method depends on the nature of the impurities, the physical properties of the compound, and the desired purity level.

  • Filtration is a method used to separate insoluble impurities from a liquid or solid. It involves passing the mixture through a filter paper or membrane to remove the impurities. This method is effective for large particles and non-volatile impurities, but it is not suitable for removing dissolved impurities.
  • Distillation is a method used to separate volatile liquids or liquids with different boiling points. It involves heating the mixture to vaporize the more volatile component and condensing it back into a liquid, leaving behind the less volatile component. This method is effective for separating liquids with a significant difference in boiling points, but it may not be effective for separating liquids with close boiling points or non-volatile impurities.
  • Chromatography is a method used to separate and purify a mixture of components based on their different affinities to a stationary phase and a mobile phase. It involves passing the mixture through a column or plate containing the stationary phase, and the components are separated based on their different retention times or distances. This method is effective for separating components with similar physical properties, and it can achieve high levels of purity.
  • Crystallization is a method used to purify a solid by dissolving it in a solvent and allowing it to recrystallize under controlled conditions. Impurities are excluded from the growing crystal lattice, resulting in a purer product. This method is effective for purifying solids with high melting points and for removing impurities that have different solubility than the desired compound.

In addition to these methods, other techniques such as sublimation, extraction, and reflux can also be used to purify organic compounds. Sublimation involves the conversion of a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state, and it is effective for purifying solids with high vapor pressures. Extraction involves the separation of a compound from a mixture by selectively dissolving it in a solvent, and it is effective for separating compounds with different polarities. Reflux involves heating a mixture under controlled conditions to allow for the separation and purification of volatile components.

Overall, the purification of organic compounds is a critical step in many chemical processes and requires careful consideration of the nature of the impurities and the physical properties of the compound. By using appropriate methods and techniques, it is possible to achieve high levels of purity and obtain compounds that are suitable for various applications in industry, medicine, and research.

Sawmills

We all know the importance of trees on earth. Despite having so much polution and medical conditions, sawmill businesses are flourishing. We all know by cutting trees, we are decreasing oxygen level on earth. And this oxygen reduction is one of the main reason of diseases .

One side government is allowing sawmill businesses to grow and on other side making environmental laws and restrictions. One side giving permission to cut down trees and on other side planting some sapling and thinking this will be enough.

Is tree cutting not a crime as allowing a child to work in hazardous environment? Are we waiting to be on ventilator. How many of us could get ventilator on time? How many people got ventilator in corona period? Are we preparing to die ? Are we desperate to die? If not then why are we exploiting resources and creating unnecessary problems for others who will take the responsibility? Are those who are cutting trees will come to pay the hospital bills or the government will compensate for health loss by giving money. And the consequence of it will be inflation growth.

Sawmills

We all know the importance of trees on earth. Despite having so much polution and medical conditions, sawmill businesses are flourishing. We all know by cutting trees, we are decreasing oxygen level on earth. And this oxygen reduction is one of the main reason of diseases .

One side government is allowing sawmill businesses to grow and on other side making environmental laws and restrictions. One side giving permission to cut down trees and on other side planting some sapling and thinking this will be enough.

Is tree cutting not a crime as allowing a child to work in hazardous environment? Are we waiting to be on ventilator. How many of us could get ventilator on time? How many people got ventilator in corona period? Are we preparing to die ? Are we desperate to die? If not then why are we exploiting resources and creating unnecessary problems for others who will take the responsibility? Are those who are cutting trees will come to pay the hospital bills or the government will compensate for health loss by giving money. And the consequence of it will be inflation growth.

Exploitation of women

In Indian literature we have one shloka ‘ यत्र नार्यस्तु पूज्यंते रमंते तत्र देवता’ . Which means where women are worshipped, deity resides there.

If we see temple in India we feel proud and say women are the deity ,we should respect them. But on road or home we insult them ,beat them, torture them . And in doing so not only a men are involved, women themselves are involved too.

Too many registered or unregistered crime against women happen . In every aspect women are being exploited by men , with the help of women itself.

Today women have become ‘ gandhari’ , who has eyes but has closed the eyes and supporting exploitation of another woman. Will today’s gandhari get punishment or not. If yes then who will decide.

Exploitation of women

In Indian literature we have one shloka ‘ यत्र नार्यस्तु पूज्यंते रमंते तत्र देवता’ . Which means where women are worshipped, deity resides there.

If we see temple in India we feel proud and say women are the deity ,we should respect them. But on road or home we insult them ,beat them, torture them . And in doing so not only a men are involved, women themselves are involved too.

Too many registered or unregistered crime against women happen . In every aspect women are being exploited by men , with the help of women itself.

Today women have become ‘ gandhari’ , who has eyes but has closed the eyes and supporting exploitation of another woman. Will today’s gandhari get punishment or not. If yes then who will decide.

Purpose of education

The purpose of education is to open the intellect of an individual. Now a days education has been changed completely. Students get marks by cheating only. Whether they understand the concept or not , it doesn’t matter. Everyone needs marks by hook or crook.

So many news we read about cheating . Are their parents giving money just to get piece of paper. Is it not injustice to those who really study very hard. Is our government want to increase unemployment.

To make our country grow , every one has to work sincerely at every level and government should change the method of punishment or else it will be continued as it is. Because now the enemy is not outside of the country, the enemy is with us, in our society and we need to stop giving them freedom of exploitation.

Purpose of education

The purpose of education is to open the intellect of an individual. Now a days education has been changed completely. Students get marks by cheating only. Whether they understand the concept or not , it doesn’t matter. Everyone needs marks by hook or crook.

So many news we read about cheating . Are their parents giving money just to get piece of paper. Is it not injustice to those who really study very hard. Is our government want to increase unemployment.

To make our country grow , every one has to work sincerely at every level and government should change the method of punishment or else it will be continued as it is. Because now the enemy is not outside of the country, the enemy is with us, in our society and we need to stop giving them freedom of exploitation.

Earthquake

Recently lots of earthquake news coming. Results of this earthquake destruction will be pathetic. So many people have died. People have nothing to own,all they had got destroyed.

It’s time to be alert and should stop exploiting natural resources. So many people are dying in recent decades by natural calamities. Who will take the responsibility of this? So many people have become homeless, what will they do to earn livelihood?

It’s time to support the environmental movements and stop unnecessary burden on earth or else soon the earth won’t be able to carry our burden.

Earthquake

Recently lots of earthquake news coming. Results of this earthquake destruction will be pathetic. So many people have died. People have nothing to own,all they had got destroyed.

It’s time to be alert and should stop exploiting natural resources. So many people are dying in recent decades by natural calamities. Who will take the responsibility of this? So many people have become homeless, what will they do to earn livelihood?

It’s time to support the environmental movements and stop unnecessary burden on earth or else soon the earth won’t be able to carry our burden.

Rural Tourism

Rural Tourism and Rural Homestays (CNA – RT and RH) under the Ministry of Tourism has identified six niche experiences for tourists wanting to visit rural India, including agritourism, art and culture, ecotourism, wildlife, tribal tourism, and homestays.

The Ministry of Tourism is also working on launching the State assessment and ranking criteria to help foster competition and reach the overarching objectives of promoting sustainable and responsible tourism.
What are the Key Points of the Move?Objective:The push aims at sustainability, avoiding large-scale infrastructure development.
It aims to rope in local resources and communities to provide a unique organic experience and bolster employment opportunities in villages.
The Ministry of Tourism is in the process of formulating a budget, with certain training modules at district levels being 100% centrally financed, and other aspects being 60% Centre and 40% State financed.
Village Clusters:Clusters of five to seven villages will be identified in close proximity.
A cluster will offer more tourist attractions than rural tourism projects of individual villages separated by long distances.
It can also aid in the marketing of local products of a group of villages through craft bazaars.
What is the Concept of Rural Tourism?About:Rural tourism in India is a form of tourism that focuses on exploring and experiencing the rural lifestyle and culture.
It involves traveling to rural areas and participating in various activities such as farming, handicrafts, and village walks, to gain a deeper understanding of the local culture and way of life.For instance, Tamil Nadu’s Kolukkumalai is the highest tea plantation in the world; Kerala’s Dewalokam is a yoga centre on the banks of a river; Nagaland’s Konyak Tea retreat takes visitors on a trip through tribal culture etc.
Scope:India’s rural tourism potential lies in its diverse and vibrant culture, handicrafts, folk arts, festivals, and fairs.
U.S.-based market research firm Grand View Research estimates that agritourism alone will develop at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.4% from 2022 to 2030.
Significance:Not only can rural tourism revitalize local art and crafts and prevent viable traditional occupations from being displaced, it will also help redevelop rural areas and rejuvenate rural life, create jobs and new business opportunities.
Benefits:Reduce out-migration, Increase alternative business opportunities
Increase entrepreneurial scopes
Helps in poverty alleviation.
Community empowerment
Art and Crafts sale
Heritage Preservation
What are the Challenges for Rural Tourism in IndiaLack of Infrastructure:Rural areas often lack basic amenities such as good roads, electricity, and healthcare facilities, which can deter tourists from visiting.
Inadequate infrastructure can also make it difficult for local communities to provide quality services to visitors.
Limited Awareness:Lack of awareness about rural tourism among tourists and local communities can hinder its growth.
Many people are unaware of the potential of rural areas as tourist destinations and the benefits that tourism can bring to local communities.
Low Income and Unemployment:Rural areas often suffer from low-income levels and high unemployment rates.
This can make it difficult for local communities to invest in tourism infrastructure and provide quality services to visitors.
Threat to Ecology:Rural tourism has the potential to have a negative impact on the environment and local communities if not managed properly.
Overcrowding, pollution, and destruction of natural habitats can harm the local ecology and culture, which can deter visitors in the long run.
Safety Concerns:Rural areas can be perceived as unsafe by tourists due to a lack of proper security arrangements, which can make it difficult for them to enjoy their experience and create a negative image of the destination.

What are the Related Initiatives?The Government is exploring organic agriculture areas developed under the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and Mission Organic Value Chain Development in North East Region (MOVCD-NER) for development as rural tourist spots.
Best Tourism Village Competition Portal was launched recently to select the best tourism village from across the country, and also to promote rural tourism in the countryThe ‘Best Tourism Village Competition’ will be held in three stages, and will seek entries at district level, state level and finally at the national level.
The Ministry of Tourism has launched Visit India Year 2023, focusing on inbound travel to India, to highlight varied tourism offerings of our country and showcase them to the global tourists.
PRASHAD (National Mission on Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual and Heritage Augmentation Drive) scheme was launched by the Ministry of Tourism in 2015.Till date, under PRASHAD scheme, a total of 45 projects for an amount of Rs.1586.10 Crore have been sanctioned.
Swadesh Darshan scheme in 2014-15 with focus on integrated development of theme-based tourist circuits in the country.76 projects were sanctioned for an amount of Rs.5315.59 Crore under various themes such as eco, heritage, Himalayan, coastal theme etc.
Way ForwardThe rural tourist destinations should be specific and near to places where people usually visit.
Accessibility to destinations should be the first criteria for selection of destinations to be developed for rural tourism.
Advertising the destinations will help artisans to sell their products better and proper marketing of the project is required to increase tourists.
The income generated from tourism can be utilized in preserving ethnic forms of art, dance and folk songs. It will safeguard rural people’s interests and will reduce the pressure to earn a living miles away from their homes.