The President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu conferred National Awards on teachers from across the country at a function held in New Delhi today (September 5, 2024) on Teachers’ Day. The President conferred the National Teachers’ Award 2024 to 82 selected Awardees.

Addressing the gathering, the President said that teachers have to prepare such citizens who are not only educated but also sensitive, honest and enterprising. She stated that moving ahead in life is success, but the meaning of life lies in working for the welfare of others. We should have compassion. Our conduct should be ethical. A successful life lies in the meaningful life. Teaching these values to the students is the duty of teachers.

The President said that teachers play the most important role in success of any education system. Teaching is not just a job. It is a sacred mission of human development.  If a child is not able to perform well, then the education system and teachers have a bigger responsibility.  She pointed out that often teachers pay special attention only to those students who perform well in exams. However excellent academic performance is only one dimension of excellence. A child may be a very good sportsperson; some child might have leadership skills; another child enthusiastically participates in social welfare activities. The teacher has to identify the natural talent of each child and bring it out.

The President said that the status of women in any society is an important criterion for its development. She stated that it is the responsibility of teachers and parents to educate children in such a way that they always behave in accordance with the dignity of women. She emphasised that the respect  for women should not be only in ‘words’ but also in ‘practice’.

The President said that according to Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore, if a teacher himself does not continuously acquire knowledge then he/she cannot teach in true sense. She expressed confidence that all the teachers will continue the process of acquiring knowledge. She said that by doing this, their teaching will remain more relevant and interesting.

The President told teachers that the generation of their students will create a developed India. She advised teachers and students to have a global mindset and world-class skills. She stated that great teachers build a great nation. Only teachers with a developed mindset can create citizens who will build a developed nation. She expressed confidence that by inspiring students, our teachers will make India the knowledge hub of the world.

Every year, India celebrates 5th September, the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, as National Teachers’ Day. The purpose of the National Teachers’ Award is to celebrate the unique contribution of teachers in the country and to honour those teachers who, through their commitment and dedication, have not only improved the quality of education but also enriched the lives of their students. Each award carries a certificate of merit, a cash award of Rs. 50,000 and a silver medal. 

The Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Education, has selected 50 teachers for this year’s National Teachers’ Awards. They have been selected through a rigorous transparent and online three stage i.e., District, State and National level selection process by the Department of School Education and Literacy. The 50 selected teachers are from 28 States, 3 UTs and 6 Organizations. Out of 50 selected teachers, 34 are males, 16 are female, 2 are differently abled and 1 working with CWSN. In addition, 16 teachers from the Department of Higher Education and 16 teachers from the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship were also awarded.

NEP 2020 recognizes that motivated, energized and capable faculty is critical for the advancement of the students, institution and profession. It also envisages incentives such as rewards and recognition to cultivate a culture of excellence in the education ecosystem. As such, in the year 2023, it was decided to institute two categories of awards for HEIs and Polytechnics under the umbrella of NAT, hitherto restricted to School teachers only. The 16 select teachers are from Polytechnics, State Universities and Central Higher Education Institutions.

Below is the list of Awardees from the Dept. of School Education & Literacy:

Sl. No.	Name of the Awardee	Designation	School Name & Address	State / UT of Org
1	AVINASHA SHARMA	LECTURER	GMSSSS NIT 3 FARIDABAD	HARYANA
2	SUNIL KUMAR	LECTURER	GSSS KHARGAT	HIMACHAL PRADESH
3	PANKAJ KUMAR GOYAL	TEACHER	GSSS GIRLS BARNALA	PUNJAB
4	RAJINDER SINGH	TEACHER	GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL, KOTHE INDER SINGH WALE	PUNJAB
5	BALJINDER SINGH BRAR	VICE PRINCIPAL	GOVERNMENT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL 4JJ	RAJASTHAN
6	HUKAM CHAND CHAUDHARY	TEACHER	GOVERNMENT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL BSF BIKANER	RAJASTHAN
7	KUSUM LATA GARIYA	ACTING HEAD TEACHER	GOVERNMENT UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL VEENA	UTTARAKHAND
8	CHANDRALEKHA DAMODAR MESTRI	TEACHER	SATYAWATI SOIRU ANGLE HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, MASHEM LOLIEM	GOA
9	CHANDRESHKUMAR BHOLASHANKAR BORISAGAR	ACTING HEAD TEACHER	NAVI BADHADA (BADHADAPARA) PRIMARY SCHOOL, BADHADA	GUJARAT
10	VINAY SHASHIKANT PATEL	PRINCIPAL	R.F.PATEL HIGH SCHOOL, VADADLA	GUJARAT
11	MADHAV PRASAD PATEL	TEACHER	GOVT MIDDLE SCHOOL LIDHORA	MADHYA PRADESH
12	SUNITA GODHA	TEACHER	GOVT. HIGH SCHOOL, KHAJURIA SARANG	MADHYA PRADESH
13	K SHARDA	TEACHER	GOVT UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL KHEDAMARA	CHHATTISGARH
14	NARASIMHA MURTHY H K	TEACHER	DAFFODILS ENGLISH SCHOOL, SANJAYNAGAR-19	KARNATAKA
15	DWITI CHANDRA SAHU	TEACHER	GOVT HIGH SCHOOL BILLESU	ODISHA
16	SANTOSH KUMAR KAR	TEACHER	JAYA DURGA HIGH SCHOOL, NARLA ROAD	ODISHA
17	ASHIS KUMAR ROY	TEACHER	SRI NARA SINGHA VIDYAPITH, ATHARAKHAI	WEST BENGAL
18	PRASANTA KUMAR MARIK	HEAD TEACHER	SHALBAGAN G S F P SCHOOL, 1 NO. GURDAHA	WEST BENGAL
19	DR URFANA AMIN	MASTER	BHSS SOURA	JAMMU AND KASHMIR
20	RAVI KANT DWIVEDI	HEAD TEACHER	PRIMARY SCHOOL BHAGESAR	UTTAR PRADESH
21	SHYAM PRAKASH MAURYA	TEACHER	UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL MALHUPUR	UTTAR PRADESH
22	DR. MINAKSHI KUMARI	TEACHER	SHIV GANGA GIRLS PLUS 2 HIGH SCHOOL MADHUBANI	BIHAR
23	SIKENDRA KUMAR SUMAN	ACTING HEAD TEACHER	NEW PRIMARY SCHOOL TARAHANI	BIHAR
24	K SUMA	TEACHER	GMS DUGNABAD	A AND N ISLANDS
25	SUNITA GUPTA	LECTURER	JAWAHAR NAVODAYVIDYALAYA, DHAMANGAWN	MADHYA PRADESH
26	CHARU SHARMA	PRINCIPAL	DR RAJENDRA PRASAD KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, NEW DELHI	DELHI
27	ASHOK SENGUPTA	TEACHER	PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO 1 JALAHALLI WEST, KAMAGONDANNAHALLI	KARNATAKA
28	H N GIRISH	LECTURER	GOVERNMENT PU COLLEGE FOR GIRLS NN0045 HUNSUR MYSURU 571105	KARNATAKA
29	NARAYANASWAMY R	HEAD TEACHER	GOVERNMENT HIGH SCHOOL BASHETTIHALLI	KARNATAKA
30	JYOTI PANKA	TEACHER	PM SHRI GOVERNMENT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL LONGDING	ARUNACHAL PRADESH
31	LEPHIZO APON	TEACHER	GHSS DIMAPUR, UNITED COLONY WARD-20	NAGALAND
32	NANDITA CHONGTHAM	TEACHER	SAGOLBAND RISHIKUL UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL, SAGOLBAND	MANIPUR
33	YANKILA LAMA	TEACHER	MODERN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, ARITHANG	SIKKIM
34	JOSEPH VANLALHRUAIA SAILO	LECTURER	SYNOD HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, TUITHIANG VENG AIZAWL	MIZORAM
35	EVERLASTING PYNGROPE	PRINCIPAL	MYNGKEN CHRISTIAN HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, BHOIRYMBONG	MEGHALAYA
36	DR. NANI GOPAL DEBNATH	TEACHER	NETAJI SUBHAS VIDYANIKETAN, NETAJI CHOUMUHANI	TRIPURA
37	DIPEN KHANIKAR	TEACHER	CHI CHIA BOKULONI GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL, NO3	ASSAM
38	DR. ASHA RANI	POST GRADUATE TEACHER	PLUS 2 HIGH SCHOOL CHANDANKIYARI BOKARO	JHARKHAND
39	JINU GEORGE	TEACHER	S.D.V.B.H.S.S, ALAPPUZHA	KERALA
40	K SIVAPRASAD	TEACHER	VPAUPS KUNDURKUNNU, THACHANATTUKARA	KERALA
41	MIDDE SRINIVASA RAO	TEACHER	S.P.S.MUNICIPAL HIGH SCHOOL PLUS, GUDIVADA	ANDHRA PRADESH
42	SURESH KUNATI	TEACHER	ZP HIGH SCHOOL URANDUR	ANDHRA PRADESH
43	PRABHAKAR REDDY PESARA	TEACHER	ZPSS THIRUMALAYAPALEM	TELANGANA
44	THADURI SAMPATH KUMAR	TEACHER	ZPHS DAMMANNAPET	TELANGANA
45	PALLAVI SHARMA	PRINCIPAL	MAMTA MODERN SR. SEC. SCHOOL, VIKASPURI	DELHI
46	CHARU MAINI	PRINCIPAL	DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL SECTOR 48-49, GURUGRAM	HARYANA
47	GOPINATH R	TEACHER	PANCHAYAT UNION MIDDLE SCHOOL – RAJAKUPPAM	TAMIL NADU
48	MURALIDHARAN RAMIYA SETHURAMAN	VOCATIONAL TEACHER	TVS HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, MADURAI	TAMIL NADU
49	MANTAIAH CHINNI BEDKE	TEACHER	Z.P.UPEER PRIMZRY DIGITAL SCHOOL JAJAVANDI	MAHARASHTRA
50	SAGAR CHITTARANJAN BAGADE	TEACHER	SOU S. M. LOHIA HIGHSCHOOL AND JUNIOR COLLEGE KOLHAPUR	MAHARASHTRA

Below is the list of Awardees from the Dept. of Higher education:

Sl. No.	Name of the Awardee	Designation	Name & Address of the Institute	State / UT of Org
1	Prof. Anitha Suseelan	Head	School of Architecture at Christ University, Bangalore	Karnataka
2	Prof. Birinchi Kumar Sarma	Professor	Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi	Uttar Pradesh
3	Dr. C. Jaya Sankar Babu	Associate Professor	Department of Hindi, Puducherry University	Puducherry
4	Dr. A. Gandhimathi	Lecturer	Department of English, Polytechnic College, Salem	Tamil Nadu
5	Prof. Kapil Ahuja	Professor	Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Indore	Madhya Pradesh
6	Prof. S.R. Keshava	Professor	Department of Economics, Bangalore University	Karnataka
7	Dr. Nandavaram Mrudula Babu	Associate Professor & Head	Department of Telugu, Govt. Degree College for Women, Hyderabad	Telangana
8	Prof. Nidhi Jain	Professor	Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi	New Delhi
9	Prof. Nilabh Tiwari	Head	Department of Education, Central Sanskrit University	New Delhi
10	Prof. Parmar Ranjitkumar Khimjibhai	Head	Department of Electrical Engineering, Government Polytechnic, Junagadh	Gujarat
11	Prof. Shahanaz Ayub	Associate Professor	Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhansi	Uttar Pradesh
12	Prof. Shilpagauri Prasad	Associate Professor	Department of English, Pune District Education Association’s Prof. Ramkrishna More Arts, Commerce and Science College, Pune	Maharashtra
13	Dr. Shimi S.L.	Associate Professor	Electrical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College	Chandigarh
14	Prof. A.S. Smiline Girija	Head	Department of Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai	Tamil Nadu
15	Prof. Srinivas Hotha	Professor	Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune	Maharashtra
16	Prof. Vinay Sharma	Professor	Department of Management Studies & Joint Professor with the Department of Design, IIT Roorkee	Uttarakhand

Below is the list of Awardees from the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship:

Sl. No.	Name of the Awardee	Name & Address of the Institute	State / UT of Org
1	Smt. Kadia Darshanaben Jishneshkumar	ITI, Dashrath	Gujarat
2	Shri Radhakrishnan PK	Govt. ITI, Kozhikode	Kerala
3	Shri Muhammad Akbar M	Govt. ITI, Koyilandy	Kerala
4	Shri Prashant Dixit	Govt. Divisional ITI Bhopal	Madhya Pradesh
5	Shri Tinku	Govt. ITI, Pusa	New Delhi
6	Shri Vivek Chandaliya	Govt. ITI, Kolhapur	Maharashtra
7	Ms. Natasha Oreste Carvalho	Govt. ITI, Mapusa	Goa
8	Smt. Premlata Rahangdale	Govt. Divisional ITI Bhopal	Madhya Pradesh
9	Shri Shivalingaiah K.J.	Govt. ITI, Mysuru	Karnataka
10	Shri Utpal Saikia	North East Skill Centre Guwahati	Assam
11	Shri Vijay Ganapati Chari	Govt. ITI Cacora	Goa
12	Ms. Sarita Devi	Govt. ITI Shamshi	Himachal Pradesh
13	Shri Jitendra Jangir	NSTI, Patna	Bihar
14	Smt. B Pauvlin Priya	NSTI, Chennai	Tamil Nadu
15	Dr. Jyoti Jain	MSME Firozabad	Uttar Pradesh
16	Smt. Vanamala Swapna	National Institute for MEME Hyderabad	Telangana

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Arkade Developers is a well-established real estate development company based in Mumbai, India. Known for its commitment to quality construction, innovative designs, and customer satisfaction, Arkade Developers has carved a niche for itself in the competitive real estate market. The company specializes in the development of residential and commercial properties, with a focus on creating spaces that are not only aesthetically appealing but also highly functional and sustainable.

Overview of Arkade Developers

Founded by Amit Jain, Arkade Developers has been active in the real estate sector for over two decades. The company operates with the vision of building homes and commercial spaces that meet modern-day needs while adhering to the highest standards of construction. With a strong presence in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR), Arkade Developers has delivered several successful projects that have earned the trust of homebuyers and investors alike.

Key Projects

Arkade Developers is known for creating residential and commercial spaces that reflect luxury, comfort, and sustainability. Some of their notable projects include:

1. Arkade Earth (Kanjurmarg East): Arkade Earth is a residential project offering 1, 2, and 3 BHK apartments. The project is designed to provide a modern lifestyle, with amenities like landscaped gardens, a clubhouse, a swimming pool, and jogging tracks. The location offers excellent connectivity to key areas in Mumbai, making it a popular choice for homebuyers.
2. Arkade Crown (Borivali West): Arkade Crown is a luxury residential project located in Borivali West. Known for its spacious apartments and premium amenities, it caters to the needs of urban professionals and families looking for comfortable living spaces in one of Mumbai’s prime suburbs.
3. Arkade Rise (Mulund West): Arkade Rise is another prominent residential project offering modern apartments with world-class amenities. Its strategic location in Mulund, one of Mumbai’s developing suburbs, provides easy access to commercial hubs, schools, hospitals, and shopping malls.
4. Arkade Serene (Santacruz West): Arkade Serene is a high-end residential development located in Santacruz West, a sought-after area in Mumbai. The project features luxurious apartments designed for high-net-worth individuals who prioritize comfort, location, and exclusivity.
5. Arkade Aspire (Goregaon): Arkade Aspire is a well-planned residential project in Goregaon, Mumbai, offering spacious and elegant apartments. This project is equipped with modern amenities, such as a gym, children’s play area, landscaped gardens, and more, making it an attractive option for families and professionals.

Philosophy and Approach

Arkade Developers focuses on delivering projects that combine high-quality construction with thoughtful design. The company believes in creating sustainable developments, ensuring that their projects contribute positively to the environment. They use eco-friendly materials and adopt energy-efficient technologies to minimize the environmental footprint of their developments.

Customer satisfaction is at the core of Arkade Developers’ business philosophy. The company places great emphasis on transparency, timely delivery, and providing value for money. With a dedicated customer service team, Arkade Developers ensures that the homebuying process is smooth and hassle-free for its clients.

Innovation and Technology

Arkade Developers embraces modern construction technologies and innovative architectural designs. They adopt the latest building techniques to ensure durability and safety while maintaining aesthetic appeal. From using advanced construction materials to incorporating smart home technologies, Arkade Developers aims to meet the expectations of the new-age homebuyer.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Arkade Developers is also committed to giving back to society. The company participates in various community-driven initiatives, including environmental conservation, education, and healthcare. They emphasize sustainable development by ensuring that their projects have minimal adverse effects on the environment.

Awards and Recognition

Over the years, Arkade Developers has received multiple awards and accolades for its contributions to the real estate industry. These recognitions reflect the company’s dedication to excellence, innovation, and customer satisfaction.

Future Plans

With an ever-growing demand for high-quality housing in Mumbai, Arkade Developers continues to expand its portfolio with new residential and commercial projects. The company’s focus remains on providing homes that meet modern needs while ensuring a strong return on investment for buyers and investors.

Conclusion

Arkade Developers has established itself as a leading player in Mumbai’s real estate market through its focus on quality, innovation, and customer-centric services. With an impressive track record of successful projects and a commitment to sustainable development, Arkade Developers continues to shape the future of urban living in one of India’s most dynamic cities.

By Shashikant Nishant Sharma

Concrete is the backbone of modern infrastructure, used in roads, bridges, buildings, and various other structures. However, traditional concrete is prone to cracks and degradation over time due to environmental factors, load-bearing stress, and other wear and tear. This deterioration leads to costly repairs and maintenance, significantly impacting infrastructure longevity and sustainability.

In response to these challenges, two cutting-edge innovations—self-healing concrete (also known as biocrete) and self-sensing concrete—have emerged. These smart materials are designed to enhance the durability and resilience of concrete, thereby reducing maintenance costs, improving safety, and extending the lifespan of infrastructure. This article delves into these revolutionary technologies, their mechanisms, benefits, challenges, and real-world applications.

1. Self-Healing Concrete (Biocrete)

a) What is Self-Healing Concrete?

Self-healing concrete is a type of concrete designed to autonomously repair cracks and micro-cracks as they develop, without the need for external human intervention. Traditional concrete is prone to cracking due to mechanical stress, temperature fluctuations, and water ingress, which eventually weakens the structure. Self-healing concrete addresses this issue by incorporating materials or agents that react to crack formation and “heal” the structure by filling in gaps before they propagate into larger issues.

A prominent form of self-healing concrete, known as biocrete, leverages biological agents (specifically bacteria) to induce self-healing. Biocrete uses bacteria that precipitate calcium carbonate, which seals the cracks in the concrete.

b) Mechanisms of Self-Healing Concrete

Several mechanisms are used to enable concrete to heal itself, including biological, chemical, and encapsulation methods. i) Biological Healing (Bacteria-Based Self-Healing)

Biocrete uses specific strains of bacteria (typically from the genus Bacillus) that remain dormant in the concrete until cracks appear and moisture enters the material. The healing process works as follows:

1. Embedding Bacteria and Nutrients: The concrete mix is embedded with bacterial spores and nutrients (usually calcium lactate). These bacteria are hardy and can remain dormant for years.
2. Crack Formation: When cracks form in the concrete and water penetrates, the dormant bacteria are activated by the moisture.
3. Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: Upon activation, the bacteria consume the calcium lactate and produce calcium carbonate (limestone) as a byproduct. This calcium carbonate fills in the cracks and seals the gap.
4. Healing the Structure: As the calcium carbonate solidifies, it restores the structural integrity of the concrete.

This bio-based healing mechanism is environmentally friendly and helps reduce maintenance costs while extending the lifespan of concrete structures.

ii) Chemical Self-Healing (Polymer-Based)

Another approach to self-healing concrete involves the use of encapsulated healing agents, such as polymers or adhesives. Another approach to self-healing concrete involves the use of encapsulated healing agents, such as polymers or adhesives. These capsules are mixed into the concrete during production:

References

Amjad, H., Zeb, M. S., Khushnood, R. A., & Khan, N. (2023). Impacts of biomimetic self-healing of Lysinibacillus boronitolerans immobilized through recycled fine and coarse brick aggregates in concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 76, 107327.

Hayakawa, M., Matsuoka, Y., & Shindoh, T. (1993). Development and application of superworkable concrete. In Special Concretes-Workability and Mixing (pp. 185-192). CRC Press.

Sharma, S. N., Prajapati, R., Jaiswal, A., & Dehalwar, K. (2024, June). A Comparative Study of the Applications and Prospects of Self-healing Concrete/Biocrete and Self-Sensing Concrete. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1326, No. 1, p. 012090). IOP Publishing.

By Kavita Dehalwar

The Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) is an innovative public transportation solution designed to provide fast, efficient, and cost-effective transit services in urban areas. By integrating features traditionally associated with rail systems, such as dedicated lanes, rapid boarding, and high service frequency, BRTS aims to deliver the benefits of rapid transit systems like metros or trams but at a significantly lower cost.

This article will explore the concept, design, features, benefits, and challenges of BRTS, alongside examples of successful implementations worldwide.

1. What is BRTS?

Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) is a high-quality bus-based transit system that operates on dedicated lanes, known as busways, ensuring faster travel times by avoiding the usual traffic congestion that affects traditional bus services. BRTS combines the flexibility of buses with the speed and capacity of rail systems, thus providing an affordable alternative to more expensive infrastructure-heavy solutions like subways.

Key Elements of BRTS:

• Dedicated Lanes: The hallmark feature of BRTS is its use of bus-exclusive lanes, allowing buses to avoid general traffic, thus ensuring faster transit times.
• Priority at Intersections: BRTS often incorporates traffic signal priority, meaning buses receive green signals before other vehicles to further reduce delays.
• Modern Stations: BRTS stations are well-designed, often resembling metro stations, with features like platform-level boarding, real-time information, and passenger amenities.
• Articulated or Double-Decker Buses: Buses used in BRT systems are often larger than regular city buses, maximizing passenger capacity.
• Frequent and Reliable Service: High service frequency reduces waiting times, and reliability is improved with dedicated infrastructure and scheduling.

2. Key Features of BRTS

a) Dedicated Bus Lanes

Dedicated lanes are one of the most important features of any BRTS. By removing buses from mixed traffic, these lanes enable fast and reliable service. These lanes are typically marked with distinct colors or signage and are off-limits to other vehicles.

• Median Bus Lanes: Positioned in the center of the road, ensuring buses avoid the congestion often found in curbside traffic.
• Curbside Bus Lanes: Positioned on the outer side of roads, providing an easier integration into the city but often more prone to obstruction from parked or turning vehicles.

b) Platform-Level Boarding

Similar to train or metro systems, BRTS stations are designed with platforms that align with the floor level of buses. This eliminates the need for passengers to climb steps, making boarding quicker and easier, especially for elderly, disabled, or wheelchair-bound passengers. It also reduces bus dwell times at stops, enhancing efficiency.

c) Fare Collection Before Boarding

To save time and minimize delays at stops, many BRT systems adopt an off-board fare collection system, where passengers pay their fare before boarding the bus, often via ticket machines or contactless systems at stations. This system reduces boarding times and eliminates the need for onboard fare transactions.

d) Real-Time Information Systems

Many BRTS networks are equipped with real-time tracking and passenger information systems, which provide updates about bus arrival times and service delays. These systems use GPS to monitor buses and relay accurate data to passengers via digital boards, apps, or announcements at stations.

e) High-Capacity Buses

BRT systems often use buses that are larger than typical urban buses. These may include articulated buses, which are longer and have two sections connected by a pivoting joint, or even double-decker buses. This allows BRT systems to carry more passengers per bus, reducing crowding and improving the overall experience.

f) Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)

BRT systems are often planned in coordination with Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), where residential, commercial, and recreational spaces are developed around BRT corridors. This fosters a higher density of population and activity around transit systems, encouraging the use of public transport.

g) BRT Stations

Unlike traditional bus stops, BRT stations are often enclosed, providing shelter and amenities like seating, real-time information displays, and sometimes even shops or kiosks. Stations are usually placed at major intersections or hubs, making them convenient for a large number of passengers.

3. Benefits of BRTS

a) Cost-Effective

One of the major advantages of BRTS is its cost-effectiveness compared to rail-based systems. Constructing a metro or light rail system involves significant infrastructure investments, whereas BRTS can be implemented using existing roadways with relatively minor modifications.

• Lower Infrastructure Costs: BRTS avoids the expensive tunneling, tracks, and stations associated with rail systems.
• Rapid Implementation: BRTS projects can be completed in a fraction of the time needed for rail systems, enabling cities to address transit needs quickly.

b) Flexibility and Scalability

BRTS systems are highly flexible. Buses can easily deviate from dedicated lanes when necessary, serving a broader range of areas. The system is also scalable, allowing for gradual expansion as demand grows or as funding becomes available.

c) Environmentally Friendly

By promoting the use of public transport, BRTS can help reduce the number of private vehicles on the road, leading to lower emissions and reduced traffic congestion. Many modern BRT systems also use eco-friendly buses powered by electricity or low-emission fuels, further enhancing their environmental benefits.

d) Improved Accessibility and Equity

BRTS provides affordable, fast, and reliable transport options to a large portion of the population, including underserved communities. By making transportation more accessible, BRTS promotes equity, especially for individuals who rely on public transit to access jobs, education, and healthcare.

e) Enhanced Urban Mobility

The speed and reliability of BRTS lead to enhanced mobility for urban residents. By reducing travel times and providing frequent service, BRTS helps make cities more accessible and livable.

f) Reducing Traffic Congestion

BRT systems have the potential to significantly reduce road traffic by providing a reliable and attractive alternative to private vehicle use. Dedicated lanes ensure that BRTS is not subject to the delays caused by traffic congestion, making it a more appealing option for daily commuters.

4. Challenges and Limitations of BRTS

a) Space Requirements

Implementing dedicated bus lanes in dense urban environments can be a challenge, as it may require reallocating road space or even acquiring additional land. In some cases, dedicated lanes can lead to resistance from drivers and businesses concerned about reduced car access or parking.

b) Maintenance and Management

Like all transit systems, BRTS requires proper maintenance and management. Poorly maintained infrastructure, including bus lanes and stations, can lead to system inefficiencies, delays, and reduced passenger satisfaction. Regular maintenance and robust operational management are critical for the long-term success of BRTS.

c) Overcrowding and Capacity

In rapidly growing cities, BRTS systems can sometimes become victims of their own success. As ridership increases, buses may become overcrowded, reducing comfort and efficiency. While articulated buses can accommodate more passengers, there is a limit to how much capacity BRTS can offer compared to heavier rail systems.

d) Public and Political Support

Successful implementation of BRTS often requires strong public and political support. In some cases, resistance from local businesses, car users, or residents may slow down or impede BRTS development. Effective communication about the long-term benefits of BRTS is essential to gaining the necessary support.

5. Global Examples of Successful BRTS

a) Curitiba, Brazil

Curitiba is often cited as one of the earliest and most successful examples of BRTS implementation. The system was introduced in the 1970s, featuring dedicated busways, high-capacity articulated buses, and integrated urban planning. Curitiba’s BRTS became a model for other cities around the world.

b) Bogotá, Colombia – TransMilenio

TransMilenio, Bogotá’s BRT system, is one of the largest and most well-known BRT networks globally. Launched in 2000, it features a network of dedicated lanes, modern stations, and large, articulated buses. TransMilenio has played a significant role in improving urban mobility in Bogotá, reducing congestion, and offering a reliable transit option for millions of people.

c) Ahmedabad, India – Janmarg BRTS

Ahmedabad’s Janmarg BRTS, launched in 2009, is considered a success story in India. It features dedicated bus corridors, a focus on high-quality service, and integration with other forms of public transit. Janmarg has improved mobility in Ahmedabad while reducing travel times and pollution.

d) Istanbul, Turkey – Metrobüs

Istanbul’s Metrobüs system is another excellent example of BRTS implementation. The Metrobüs operates in a densely populated and traffic-congested city, providing a vital alternative to private vehicles. With over 50 km of dedicated lanes and buses running frequently, the system serves millions of passengers daily.

e) Mexico City, Mexico – Metrobus

Mexico City launched its Metrobus system in 2005, and it now has over 100 kilometers of dedicated bus lanes. This BRTS has significantly reduced travel times for commuters and contributed to the city’s goal of reducing air pollution and improving urban mobility.

Conclusion

The Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) offers a practical, efficient, and cost-effective solution to urban transportation challenges. By combining the speed and reliability of rail systems with the flexibility and affordability of buses, BRTS is transforming public transportation in cities worldwide. Its implementation brings numerous.

References

Basso, L. J., Feres, F., & Silva, H. E. (2019). The efficiency of bus rapid transit (BRT) systems: A dynamic congestion approach. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 127, 47-71.

Hidalgo, D., & Muñoz, J. C. (2014). A review of technological improvements in bus rapid transit (BRT) and buses with high level of service (BHLS). Public Transport, 6, 185-213.

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Surya Kumar Yadav, often known as “SKY,” has emerged as one of India’s most exciting cricketers in recent years. Born on September 14, 1990, in Mumbai, Maharashtra, Yadav’s journey to the top of international cricket has been marked by determination, patience, and extraordinary performances in domestic cricket and the Indian Premier League (IPL).

Early Life and Domestic Career

Surya Kumar Yadav was born into a middle-class family, and like many young boys in Mumbai, cricket became his passion early on. He honed his skills at the local parks before receiving formal training. His talent was evident from a young age, and he progressed quickly through the ranks of Mumbai’s cricketing setup.

Yadav made his first-class debut for Mumbai in the 2010-11 Ranji Trophy season. Despite facing stiff competition in the Mumbai cricketing circles, which have historically been a nursery for Indian cricketing greats, Yadav’s consistent performances, particularly his ability to score runs under pressure, made him stand out.

Rise in Domestic Cricket

Yadav’s domestic performances caught the attention of selectors and cricket enthusiasts alike. Known for his aggressive stroke play, especially his ability to dominate spinners, Yadav quickly became a crucial part of Mumbai’s middle order. He also led Mumbai in domestic T20 tournaments and was highly regarded for his leadership qualities.

Throughout his domestic career, Surya Kumar has shown immense versatility, performing across formats in the Ranji Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy, and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. His fearless batting style, especially in T20s, soon earned him a place in the IPL, where his career trajectory skyrocketed.

IPL Success and Breakthrough

Surya Kumar Yadav’s breakthrough moment came when he was picked by the Mumbai Indians in the IPL. Initially, he had been with Kolkata Knight Riders, where he was used as a finisher. However, it was his stint with Mumbai Indians (MI) that showcased his true potential. Playing for MI under the captaincy of Rohit Sharma, Yadav found his ideal role as a top-order batsman.

His ability to adapt to different situations in T20 cricket became evident as he played crucial knocks for MI in pressure situations. Yadav was instrumental in MI’s success, helping them win multiple IPL titles during his tenure. His performances in the IPL were characterized by his 360-degree batting style—capable of playing innovative shots all around the ground. He became a fan favorite due to his fearless approach and consistent run-scoring ability.

International Debut

Despite his consistent IPL performances, Surya Kumar Yadav had to wait until March 2021 to make his international debut for India. His debut came during a T20I series against England. He made an immediate impact, smashing a six off the very first ball he faced in international cricket. His fearless stroke play and ability to take on the best bowlers in the world instantly marked him as a player to watch.

Yadav continued to impress in subsequent matches, displaying maturity, calmness, and a wide range of strokes, including his signature “pick-up shot” over fine leg. His ability to score runs quickly and his tactical awareness make him an invaluable asset in the T20 format.

Playing Style and Strengths

Surya Kumar Yadav is widely known for his unorthodox, aggressive batting style. His ability to innovate and play shots in unusual areas of the ground, especially against spinners and during the middle overs, makes him a unique player. Yadav is a natural stroke player, often improvising to find gaps. His signature shots include the ramp shot, sweeps, and lofted drives over cover.

Yadav’s mental toughness, honed by years of grinding in domestic cricket, is another asset. He can play according to the situation, be it stabilizing the innings after a top-order collapse or accelerating the scoring in the death overs.

He is also a brilliant fielder, contributing significantly to his team with his athleticism and sharp reflexes. Whether positioned in the outfield or in the circle, Yadav’s presence is always felt.

ODI and Test Prospects

While Yadav made an immediate mark in T20Is, there have been growing calls for him to be included in India’s ODI and Test setups. His temperament and technical skills indicate that he has the potential to succeed across formats. His adaptability to different conditions and situations would make him a valuable asset in the longer formats as well.

As of 2024, Yadav has already represented India in ODI matches and could potentially break into the Test squad if he continues to showcase his consistent form.

Achievements and Impact

Surya Kumar Yadav’s journey from the domestic circuit to the international stage is a testament to perseverance. His IPL successes, particularly with Mumbai Indians, have made him a household name, and his transition into international cricket has been seamless.

He has won multiple IPL titles with Mumbai Indians and is often lauded for his match-winning contributions during crucial games. His aggressive batting at the top of the order has allowed the Indian team to play with more flexibility and depth in the middle order.

Off the Field

Off the field, Surya Kumar Yadav is known for his humble and grounded personality. Despite his late entry into international cricket, Yadav’s positive attitude and work ethic have earned him respect from teammates and fans alike. He is married to Devisha Shetty, and their relationship has been a cornerstone of his success, with Devisha often supporting him during difficult times in his career.

Conclusion

Surya Kumar Yadav’s rise in cricket exemplifies the power of resilience and determination. After years of performing in domestic cricket and the IPL, he finally got his opportunity to represent India, and he has made the most of it. With his innovative batting, fearless mindset, and ability to handle pressure, Yadav is expected to remain a key player for India in the years to come, especially in white-ball formats.

His journey serves as an inspiration to many aspiring cricketers, proving that persistence, combined with talent, eventually pays off. Surya Kumar Yadav is not just a cricketer; he’s a symbol of modern cricket’s changing face, where innovation and aggression are as valuable as traditional techniques.

Incident Overview: The Ambernath gas leakage incident, which occurred on January 4, 2024, in the town of Ambernath, Maharashtra, was a significant industrial accident involving the leakage of toxic gases from a chemical plant. The incident resulted in a considerable impact on public health and safety, causing panic, injuries, and fatalities, and highlighted critical issues in industrial safety practices.

Location and Background: Ambernath is an industrial town located in the Thane district of Maharashtra, India. It is home to several chemical and manufacturing plants. The gas leakage occurred at a chemical manufacturing facility operated by a major industrial corporation known for producing various chemicals and industrial products.

Details of the Incident:

1. Leakage of Toxic Gases: The incident began when a leak occurred in a storage tank containing a hazardous chemical used in the production process. Preliminary investigations suggest that the leak was due to a failure in the tank’s structural integrity or a malfunction in the safety mechanisms designed to contain such gases.
2. Immediate Impact: The toxic gas released into the atmosphere spread rapidly, affecting nearby residential and commercial areas. The leak caused a strong chemical odor, irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, and other symptoms among residents. Emergency services and local authorities were immediately alerted to the situation.
3. Response and Containment Efforts:
   • Emergency Services: Firefighters, police, and medical teams were dispatched to the site to contain the leak and provide medical assistance to those affected. The immediate response included sealing off the affected area and evacuating residents from the danger zone.
   • Medical Treatment: Hospitals and clinics in the area were put on high alert to treat individuals suffering from gas exposure. Symptoms ranged from mild irritation to severe respiratory distress.
4. Casualties and Injuries:
   • Fatalities: The gas leak resulted in several fatalities, with the exact number varying based on subsequent official reports and updates.
   • Injuries: Many residents and workers experienced respiratory problems, skin irritation, and other health issues due to the gas exposure. Treatment for these conditions was provided at local healthcare facilities.
5. Environmental Impact: The gas leak also raised concerns about environmental contamination. The released chemicals could potentially affect soil, water sources, and local flora and fauna, leading to long-term ecological consequences.

Early Life and Background: Narayan Jagadeesan was born on December 24, 1994, in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. He grew up in a cricketing family and developed an early interest in the sport. His father, Narayan S. Jagadeesan, was a former cricketer who played for Tamil Nadu, and his support played a crucial role in Narayan’s cricketing journey.

Cricketing Career:

1. Domestic Cricket: Narayan Jagadeesan began his domestic cricket career with Tamil Nadu. He first came into the limelight during the 2015-16 domestic season when he played for Tamil Nadu in the Ranji Trophy. Known for his right-handed wicket-keeping and batting skills, Jagadeesan quickly made a name for himself in the domestic circuit.
   • First-Class Debut: Jagadeesan made his first-class debut for Tamil Nadu in the 2015-16 season. His performances in domestic tournaments showcased his potential as a reliable top-order batsman and a skilled wicketkeeper.
   • List A and T20 Debut: He also made his List A and T20 debuts in 2016. His performances in these formats, particularly in the T20s, have been impressive, demonstrating his ability to adapt to different formats of the game.
2. Indian Premier League (IPL): Jagadeesan’s performances in domestic cricket earned him a spot in the Indian Premier League (IPL), where he has been part of various teams.
   • Chennai Super Kings (CSK): He was first signed by the Chennai Super Kings (CSK) in the IPL. His association with CSK provided him with the opportunity to showcase his talent on a larger stage, benefiting from the mentorship of senior players and the experience of playing in high-pressure games.
   • Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR): Jagadeesan was later picked up by the Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) for the IPL 2022 season. His stint with KKR was another platform where he continued to develop his skills and gain valuable experience in T20 cricket.
3. Domestic Achievements:
   • Vijay Hazare Trophy: Narayan Jagadeesan has been a prominent player in the Vijay Hazare Trophy, a domestic one-day competition in India. He has had several notable performances in this tournament, including high scores and crucial innings for Tamil Nadu.
   • Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy: In the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, a domestic T20 tournament, Jagadeesan has been instrumental for Tamil Nadu, often leading their batting line-up and contributing significantly with both the bat and the gloves.

Playing Style and Strengths: Narayan Jagadeesan is known for his aggressive batting style and solid wicket-keeping skills. His strengths include:

• Batting: As a top-order batsman, Jagadeesan is known for his ability to play both attacking and anchor roles. He is particularly effective in the shorter formats of the game, where his ability to accelerate and score quickly is a valuable asset.
• Wicket-Keeping: His wicket-keeping skills are highly regarded, with a reputation for being reliable behind the stumps. His quick reflexes and sharp glovework contribute to his effectiveness as a wicketkeeper.
• Adaptability: Jagadeesan has shown adaptability across different formats of the game, transitioning smoothly from first-class and List A cricket to T20 formats, which requires a versatile skill set.

Challenges and Future Prospects: Despite his talent and potential, Jagadeesan has faced challenges in securing a permanent spot in the national team. However, his performances in domestic and IPL cricket have kept him in the spotlight as a player with considerable promise.

Personal Life: Narayan Jagadeesan is known for his dedication to the sport and his commitment to continuous improvement. He maintains a relatively low-profile personal life, focusing primarily on his cricketing career.

Conclusion: Narayan Jagadeesan is an emerging talent in Indian cricket, known for his skills as a wicket-keeper batsman. His journey through domestic cricket and the IPL reflects his potential and the hard work he has put into his career. As he continues to develop and gain experience, Jagadeesan is expected to make significant contributions to Indian cricket in the future.