Prof. Balu Chindha Gharate
Uttamrao Patil
Arts & Science College, Dahivel, Dhule.
gharate 1713@gmail.com
Abstract: For library automation and remote management services, the recent development of the Internet of Things (IoT) across various applications has received a lot of attention. In order to support future changes and upgrades, academic libraries should use scalable software and technologies while adopting IoT. Academic libraries in developing nations must continue to look for new ways to earn money for IoT deployment and maintenance, as well as expand network bandwidth. Information and communication technologies (ICT) have proven to be the effective standard for library automation and its remote management services. The functionality of loT-based academic libraries is mainly dependent on emerging ICT techniques. Therefore, the objective of this article is to present a study on various emerging ICT trends in academic library services. During this study, we have explored the use of different ICT standards for library management and their role for library automation in the education industry.
Keywords: Academic library, emerging trends, library automation, information and communication technology, internet of things.
1. Introduction
The traditional library is being transformed by technology into a digital library, an automated library, an electronic library, a virtual library, and a hybrid library, among other things. The traditional library’s collection consists primarily of print materials, manuscripts, and other such items [1]. The contents of an automated library are the same as those of a typical library, with machine-readable catalogues, computerised acquisition, circulation, and OPAC. An electronic library is one in which electronic media are employed for information storage, retrieval, and dissemination. A digital library is one that allows users to read e-journals and other types of publications over the internet [2]. A virtual library is one in which a collection of information resources and services is administered both on-site and off-site and is accessible electronically via the internet at any time and from any location. Hybrid libraries that work in both electronic and print environments are known as hybrid libraries.
Technology is used to transmit and store data, particularly in the construction, implementation, and management of universities and other organisations. The fast adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) [3], in which data is stored, retrieved, transmitted, and manipulated via information technology, The word is frequently used interchangeably with the terms “computer” and “computer network.” Other information distribution technologies, such as television and the telephone, are included. Institutions and organisations have been altered by information and communication technologies. Libraries are also utilising modern technology to improve existing library services and create new services, demonstrating the impact on the shape and size of existing libraries as well as demonstrating their existence in organisations. ICT is employed in a variety of industries and sectors, including education, transportation, health, business, and industry. Information science experts can modernise library operations and services to meet the different information needs of users thanks to advancements in information communication technology and electronic publishing. To provide efficient and effective library services to their patrons, several libraries are embracing information communication technologies [4]. Academic library and information services, such as bibliographic services, user services, interlibrary loan, OPAC, reference services, current awareness services, document delivery, and audio-visual services, can be provided more efficiently by using ICT, as they offer expedient time and place, cost effectiveness, and up-to-date spread of infrastructural information.
This paper presents a systematic study of the emerging trends in IoT-enabled ICT in academic libraries. Next, after studying the various emerging trends, we explored library automation and the role of ICT tools. Section 2 presents the study of emerging trends in academic libraries. Section 3 presents the role of ICT and library automation. Section 4 discusses the conclusion and future work.
2. Emerging Trends in Academic Libraries
Cloud Computing: In the realm of computer and information science, cloud computing is a new word. It refers to internet-based computing. It is built on hardware, software, and internet infrastructure in order to provide proper service implementation. It allows users to access the software from any computer with an internet connection. Users can now use any software, platform, or infrastructure to conduct computing activities from anywhere and at any time thanks to the development of cloud computing. Cloud computing simplifies services such as information retrieval and storage of enormous amounts of data that are stored on personal computers, mobile phones, and other devices [5] [6]. It means that only a single central distant server is needed to keep track of data. Cloud computing is exemplified by Yahoo mail, Gmail, and other similar services.
RFID: Radio Frequency Identification (RFIDs) are little chip-based devices that store data and are used in library circulation and theft detection systems to uniquely identify objects. RFID is a method that has been around since the 1940s. Commercial or corporate enterprises, such as industries and academic institutions, deserve credit for discovering and applying RFID to get, manage, and secure their products or commodities. The concept of RFID technology is similar to that of a cell phone. It’s a wide word for devices that employ radio waves to detect people or objects automatically [7]. A RFID library management system is made up of RFID-tagged books, an RFID reader, a computer network, and software. The chip and antenna are referred to as an RFID transponder or RFID tag, with the antenna allowing the chip to broadcast identification data to a reader [8].
Smart Card: Nearly three decades ago, the first smart card was released in Europe. A mart card is a form of card that is made of plastic and has an embedded computer chip. Users can get a multi-purpose RFID smart card from any of the central libraries. These RFID smart cards have certain parameters, such as memory, which can range from 1024 to more than 1024 bytes. Individual Demography, Official, and Contact Information are stored on RFID smart cards [8]. Data from a database is mapped to an identification on a card. Smart cards have a logo and a portrait, as well as demographic information. It comes with full-color ribbons as well as a cleaning kit.
Barcode Technology: The barcode, also known as Automatic Identification, was invented in the 1970s. It resembles a series of stripes on a bright background, possibly white, that are scanned and supplied to a computer. It’s made to support a variety of retail outlets and library materials. Barcodes have been increasingly important for library products in recent years. Users’ work has been greatly accelerated by the introduction of barcodes. Because of barcodes, data entry speed has improved over time. Barcode labels are attached to documents and can be printed on envelops, boxes, packets, books, or documents, among other things [9].
QR Codes: QR Code stands for “Quick Response Code.” These codes are used to obtain quick product or material information. The Japanese entrepreneurs secured QR
codes for the endorsement of vehicle items. Information is fixed vertically and horizontally in QR codes. It has the ability to encode text, numeric, and other characters as pixels. Smart phones and scanners are used to scan QR codes. QR codes used to be printed in black and white in square format, but they are now produced in a variety of colours. It can encrypt any website’s URL, as well as SMS messages [10]. The best thing about QR Codes is that they can be read from any angle, i.e. from 360 degrees.
Mobile based services: Various libraries provide mobile-based library services to their patrons. Libraries send out tailored messages, such as overdue notices, reservations, and so on. Libraries are focusing on their users and providing specialised and tailored information services through wireless technologies. Users of mobile library services receive reminders when books are due or are late [11]. On the Internet, mobile websites provide free SMS to mobile phone services.
Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC/Web-OPAC): The OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue) is a highly handy tool for locating library resources. It is a time-saving tool for users and Library staff alike, as it replaces the traditional card catalogue cabinet. OPAC terminals are available in IIT Libraries for users to check the availability of documents in the library. The OPAC allows users to check the availability of books, the number of copies available, book reservations, virtual shelves, and a list of books borrowed in their name. Simple and advanced search options are available in the OPAC. The user can search for books by title, author name, ISBN number, publisher, publication year, and keywords, among other things. Web-OPAC is a different form of OPAC. With the help of the online or intranet, it is utilised to locate library resources. Users can search library resources or documents using the web-OPAC by connecting to the Web OPAC’s Uniform Resource Locator (URL) at any time and from anywhere in the globe [12].
Internet: The US Department of Defense pioneered the Internet concept in 1969. The term “internet” comes from the term “inter-networking,” which refers to computer networks interacting with one another. “It is a vast collection of large and small inter-connected networks extending all the way across the world. The internet World Wide Web is, therefore a vast electronic library made-up of millions of pages of information stored in hundreds of thousands of linked computer around the globe”.
Internet of Things (IoT): The Internet of Things (IoT) is the use of intelligently connected devices and systems to collect data from embedded sensors, actuators, and other physical items. Cloud computing has emerged as a major component of these new systems as libraries research and construct their next generation library catalogues. When it comes to the acceptance and use of new technologies, libraries are always in the forefront. Using the internet, sensors, and RFID, the Internet of Things (IoT) allows devices to collect data and transmit it over a network without the need for human intervention [13-15].
Fog Computing: Fog computing is a type of decentralised computing in which data, processing, storage, and applications are distributed between the data source and the cloud. Fog is a meteorological term for a cloud that is close to the ground, exactly as fog concentrates around the network’s edge.
3. Role of ICT and Library Automation
The developing trends of ICT are applied in numerous areas of academic libraries such as library services, library automation, information retrieval, library collection, e-resource management, library management, library security, promotion activities, and library networking. In this research, we concentrated on the library automation using ICT.
The process of handling work with the aid of machines is known as automation. “Automation is the technology concerned with the design and development of process and system that reduce the requirement for human intervention in operation,” according to the Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. The automation of libraries has gone through numerous stages, which can be classified into three groups. The first phase is the experimental phase, which lasts from 1930 to 1960, the second phase is local systems, which lasts from 1960 to 1970, and the third phase is cooperative systems, which lasts from 1970 to the present. There are a multitude of library management software tools that may be used to perform hose keeping chores. These programmes include KOHA, Libsys, Vertua, and NewGenLib, among others.
The chores required for acquiring, storing, and organising material with the objective of delivering information services to users are referred to as library housekeeping activities. Because of the rising collection and number of users in academic libraries, a multitude of variables have caused automation to become a necessity for all library operations. Users have less time, libraries are always dealing with inefficient personnel, inaccuracies occur in circulation operations, new generation needs, and security challenges, to name a few. Acquisition, classification, cataloguing, circulation, serial control, and stock-taking are the most regular house-keeping tasks. The word “acquisition systems” refers to a system for ordering books and supplies. It is defined as the process of looking for, choosing, organising. and receiving various types of documents in a library. Library managers utilise the acquisition system to conduct pre-ordering searches and prepare document approval lists using computers and typewriters. Reminders are sent via the internet and telecoms like email, phone, and fax. To invite invoices, letters are sent using telecommunication. Library management software keeps the order file current [16].
An acquisition system reduces labour and paperwork while providing accurate and timely information. ICT is vital in the circulation segment. The library’s main portion. Create a description file for all circulation items; create a membership file; charge and discharge documents; calculate fines; calculate and print various statistical reports; automatically generate due date slips; write letters for order and loss of books; remind overdue books. This method reduces time for both users and staff, increases user happiness, provides for statistical record keeping, and uses bar-coding to further simplify and speed up circulation.
Library classification is the art of classifying documents based on their content to correctly arrange them on shelves. With DDC-online, if a document contains these keywords, DDC-online creates a class number automatically utilising the Online Computer Library Center. “Document classification involves three main procedures. A classification expert generally designs a category structure and determines the classification decision’s foundation, while a classifier performs the third phase of categorising data.” A catalogue entry for a document may have many entries to satisfy the user’s search techniques. Create main entries, added entries, authority files, and index files.
4. Conclusion
This paper presented a study on the various emerging trends in library systems. The paper defined the role of the lot for library automation using the different emerging ICT trends. The emerging trends with their application in academic libraries are briefly studied in this paper. The objective of studying the emerging trends in academic libraries is concerned with library automation. Finally, we investigated the role of emerging ICT trends in various library applications and the functionality of library automation. For future work, we would like to conduct an empirical study on the present ICT-based digital academic libraries.
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