World day for International Justice is observed on 17th July every year, also known as International Justice Day. It is a day which brings together all the people who support justice, advocate victims’ rights, and find aid in the prevention of crime that threatens world’s peace, safety, and well being. July 17 is the date of the adoption of the treaty that created the International Criminal Court. On 1 June 2010, at the Review Conference of the Rome Statute held in Kampala (Uganda), the Assembly of State Parties decided to celebrate 17 July as the Day of International Criminal Justice.
Each year, people around the world use this day to host events to promote international criminal justice, especially support for the International Criminal Court.
History
This day is designated as World Day for International Justice since it marks the 20th anniversary of the Rome Statute’s adoption in 1998. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was formed with the aid of this treaty. Since that day in 1998, 139 nations have signed the court’s treaty, and over 80 countries, representing every area of the world, have recognized it.
Theme
This year’s World Social Justice Day subject is “social justice in the digital economy”. Technological developments over the last decade have aided humans in navigating the perilous terrain of a globe ravaged by Covid-19. Employees were able to work from home because of what the UN refers to as “digital labor platforms,” which gave “income-generating possibilities and advantages from flexible work arrangements.” However, this has compounded concerns about the regularity of employment and income, the ability to organize or join trade unions, and the utilization of skills.
Significance
This day is observed because it is critical to raise public awareness and unity in favor of justice, as well as to promote victims’ rights. This day also draws individuals from all around the world to focus on critical concerns. It defends individuals from various crimes and cautions those who endanger the nation’s peace, security, and well-being.
Various activities are being held throughout the world to celebrate this day and to promote the International Criminal Court (ICC). This day is also promoted by a number of news outlets, newspapers, and radio stations. Several organizational groups draw people’s attention to certain concerns such as violence against women, genocide, and so on.
State of the Siege is a 2021 movie released on Zee5. It is an amazing thriller rescue. State of Siege: Temple Attack is a fictional story, not bearing deliberate resemblance to any events or persons, living or dead. But through the course of its first 30 mins, director Ken Ghosh tries every trick in the book to let you know that he has made a film about the 2002 Akshardham Temple attack in Gandhinagar. State of Siege begins on a promising note, with an opening sequence set in the picturesque hills of the Kupwara District in J&K, at a make-believe Indo-Pak border. Akshaye Khanna plays Major Hanut Singh, the man running a mission to extract a minister’s kidnapped daughter. There are some great visuals in this scene, some atmospheric sound design, and a slow-burn pace that steadily increases as the stakes rise. In more good news, the extras don’t act like they are in a TV commercial. The cinematography and the performances take a plunge when the action moves to the Gujarat temple. Acquaintances are made with characters that will potentially be captured or murdered. From the temple guide to the priest, to the woman visiting the temple with her entire family, not one character seems to belong to our planet. Absolutely everyone is acting extra-happy about their lives. Anyway, none of these gleeful people have been given much thought in the script, by William Borthwick and Simon Fantauzzo. The are all unimaginably decent, just in case you were wondering if they deserve to die.
Hanut Singh is one of only two characters that are not written as uni-dimensional beings. When his mission from the opening sequence ends poorly, it gives him a reason to prove himself in whatever assignments follow. The other is Gautam Rode’s soldier #2, awaiting the birth of his first baby, but called to duty before he can see her face. Akshaye Khanna delivers a satisfying enough performance as the steely senior soldier, ridiculed by a junior only to ultimately earn his respect. However, it would be a stretch to say that he has been given his due. Someone of his calibre could have accomplished more had the writing been more complex.
Story Line
Major Hanut Singh is haunted by his past where he was injured badly in a terrorist attack and lost his colleague when they were close to completing a mission. The state of Gujarat has just calmed due to ongoing riots but a terrorist organization led by Aby Hamza plans to attack a temple in order to free their leader Bilal Naikoo. The terrorists enter the temple and start cross firing and killing whoever comes on their way but further they get orders from Abu Hamza to hold the civilians as captive and demands the government to free their leader Bilal Naikoo or every hour there will be a blood shed. Major Hanut Singh along with his team of NSG commandos decides to lead the mission but his senior’s ask him to back out when he does not follow the orders leading to cross firing between the terrorists and NSG Commandos.
The Bold Type is an American Comedy- drama which was released in USA in 2017 on freeform and was also launched In India on Netflix. Since than it has been in top 10 trending shows. The concept was inspired by the life and career of former editor-in-chief of Cosmopolitan Magazine by Joanna Coles, who is executive producer of the series. Filmed in Toronto, Montreal, and New York City, the series chronicles the lives of three millennial women, portrayed by Katie Stevens, Aisha Dee, and Meghann Fahy, all of whom are employed at a fictional global publication called Scarlet in New York City.
While the pilot episode was aired in a special preview on June 20, 2017, the series officially premiered on Freeform on July 11, commencing a first season consisting of 10 episodes. After receiving a two-season renewal, the series premiered its second and third seasons in June 2018 and April 2019, respectively. The fourth season premiered on January 23, 2020, cut from 18 to 16 episodes on shutdown of production due to the COVID-19 pandemic.In January 2021, the series was renewed for a fifth and final season which premiered on May 26, 2021.The final season culminates with an order of six episodes.It is broadcast internationally on various networks and streaming platforms including Amazon Prime Video and Netflix. To date, every season of the series has continued to receive positive reviews from television critics, including those writing for Vanity Fair, Vox, Variety, and The Atlantic.
Series synopsis
The series centers on a trio of millennial women—Jane Sloan (Katie Stevens), Kat Edison (Aisha Dee), and Sutton Brady (Meghann Fahy)—living in New York City. The three best friends work for Scarlet, a fictional global women’s magazine, spearheaded by its editor-in-chief, Jacqueline Carlyle (Melora Hardin). The young women navigate their lives in the big city, including their career trajectories and romantic relationships.
Jane begins the series as a new writer for the magazine after working as an assistant, struggling to find her writing voice. Sutton is in a secret romantic relationship with Richard Hunter (Sam Page), a Scarlet board member and attorney for the magazine’s publishing firm; she also realizes that she is ready for a change in her career and attains a fashion assistant position for the magazine under department head Oliver Grayson (Stephen Conrad Moore). Secure in her position as Scarlet’s social media director, Kat meets photographer Adena El-Amin (Nikohl Boosheri) and starts to explore her sexuality, including the tribulations that said exploration brings.
Season two of The Bold Type follows Jane as she continues to find her journalistic voice in a new media-driven landscape, during a brief hiatus from Scarlet, Kat and her struggle with her racial and sexual identity in addition to her relationship with Adena, and Sutton in the aftermath of her decision to end her relationship with Richard due to the realization that it could hinder her from advancing in her career.
The third season sees Jane entering a new relationship with a fellow writer named Ryan (Dan Jeannotte) and collaborating with Jacqueline on a story regarding the abuse of models at the hands of a prominent photographer. Kat, in a career shift, becomes inspired to run for city council, supported by her campaign manager Tia (Alexis Floyd), with whom she also becomes romantically involved. Surprised by Adena’s return during her campaign, Kat ponders whether her past relationship with Adena is unfinished. Sutton, while content in her role as a fashion assistant, considers pursuing a career as a fashion designer while navigating her rekindled—and newly public—relationship with Richard.
I won’t reveal much about it and I highly recommend you to watch if you like series which shows comedy- drama and a punch bit of Intimacy.
Rating – I would give it a 4.5/5.
Following are the rating given by TV.com and IMDb i.e, 8.3/10 and 7.9/10 respectively.
Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra and the heart and soul of India. It is called with heck lot of names like- the City of Dreams, and Mayanagri, etc. It has earned these names not just in a day but over the years not just because of limitless opportunities for citizens across the state, but for all citizens all across the Globe. Talking about Mumbai in a bit religious way, it is known to be the city of Sri Mahalaxmi, Siddhivinayak. It is said that the goddess of fortune and abundance resides and grants favors, worshipped by a lot of devotees being it the citizens of Mumbai or elsewhere.
Commercial Center of India
Mumbai is known to be the Commerical capital of India. It is one of the richest city in India. From the Reserve Bank of India, National stock Exchange or the Bombay stock Exchange to the biggest Indian business houses like the Reliance Industries, Tata Group or the Aditya Birla Group, most of the financial institutions have their headquarters here.
The Bollywood Bling and the Largest Film City in India
From several film studios and the television industry to some of the biggest film stars like Amitabh Bachchan or Shahrukh Khan, the Bollywood star bling is unmatchable.
Splendid Architecture
From the historic Gateway of India or the landmark Haji Ali Dargah located on the sea to the gleaming Queen’s Necklace or the recent architectural wonder, the Bandra-Worli sea link, Mumbai is a perfect example of splendid architecture.
Heaven for Migrants
Being the economic hub of India, there’s something for all in this city. From a small business or medium-sized business to different career option including Bollywood exposure, there are opportunities galore in this city.
More facts about Mumbai
A city that never sleeps is Mumbai. It has a very beautiful night life that is what everyone looks for these days. It is known for it’s amazing night life and who so ever experiences it they are fond of it and never forgets. It feels like heaven seeing the Night life near Maine Drive, Haji Ali, Sea link and many more.
Mumbai has a beautiful Heritage sight too and some are given below-
Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai – World Heritage Site
University of Mumbai, Fort Campus building
Our first World Heritage site in Maharashtra is one of India’s most recent additions: the Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai. Located in the Fort area of downtown Mumbai, this collection of 94 beautiful buildings date from the 19th and early 20th centuries. They’re a a legacy of the British colonial period. Rich with cash from exports, the local government built enormous grand buildings to make the city of Bombay world-renowned.
And there’s some incredible buildings here. Particular highlights of the Victorian Gothic style include the Bombay High Court, and the University of Mumbai. There’s also the City Civil and Sessions building, plus the incredible Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station. If you can believe it – the CST railway station is also a separate World Heritage Site!
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (Victoria Terminus) – World Heritage Site
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
Next up, we have Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, or CST for short. It’s a very rare example of two World Heritage sites in the same building! CST is the main train station in Mumbai, and the main station in western India as well. Opening in 1887, it took ten years to build! Built to commemorate Queen Victoria‘s Golden Jubilee, the station was known as Victoria Terminus until 1999.
It’s a supreme example of Victorian Gothic architecture, and is partly based on St Pancras railway station in London. The attention to detail here is just marvellous, with beautiful domes, arches, statues and turrets, both inside and out. There’s also a magnificent entry gate loaded with symbolism, crowned by a British lion and an Indian tiger.
Elephanta Caves – World Heritage Site
Elephanta Caves are located on an island in the middle of Mumbai harbour, just a short boat ride from the iconic Gateway of India. This site covers five man-made caves dug directly into the side of the mountain. The caves are dedicated to the worship of Shiva, one of the main Hindu gods, and they’re a spectacular sight to behold.
The main cave here is immense – roughly square shaped, 40 metres on each side, and nearly 10 metres tall. The walls are all covered in carvings depicting the stories of Shiva, done with exquisite detail.
It finally ended with a lots of celebration, as the Lionel Messi’s long wait to earn a major trophy gets fulfilled after Argentina beats Brazil by 1-0 in Copa America finals.
Angel Di Maria earns the title of matchwinner at Maracana in Rio as finally Messi’s dream to won something with his country Argentina in what was his 10th major tournament. Messi overwhelmingly fell to the ground in joy at full-time, while some players like Neymar were in tears after he was unable to inspire Brazil to victory.
After helping Argentina end their 28-year wait since they last won the Copa America, Messi was named player of the tournament after his four goals in the competition. The 34-year-old had previously been a beaten finalist on four separate occasions with Argentina – three times in the Copa America and once in the World Cup.
Di Maria scored the winner midway through in the first half with a superb lob over Manchester City goalkeeper Ederson following a perfect pass from Rodrigo De Paul.
Brazil were poor throughout the match and struggled to test Emiliano Martinez at the other end.
Messi will now face questions about his immediate future, given he is currently a free agent after his contract at Barcelona expired two weeks ago.
There is also the prospect of Messi going for what would likely be his last chance of winning the World Cup in 2022, should he lead his country out in Qatar at the age of 35. Since Lionel Messi’s contract at Barcelona has officially expired he is free to be taken in any other club.
The Argentine superstar’s current deal lapsed at midnight in Spain on Tuesday, which was 11pm BST.
Messi’s contract was reportedly worth an eye-watering £476million over four years, which works out at around £119m per season.
The signing-on fee was £99m alone, with a further £67m due as a loyalty bonus, according to reports in Spain.
Barcelona’s financial situation is said to be in a poor state, with the coronavirus pandemic hitting revenues hard.
Negotiations over an extension are reportedly ongoing, but as yet no official confirmation has been made.
As it stands, for the first time since 2000, Messi is no longer under contract with Barcelona.
The 34-year-old made clear his desire to leave the club last summer, only to be convinced to stay for at least another year.
He kept up his stunning form with 30 goals in 35 La Liga appearances to win the Pichichi for an eighth time.
Harleen Deol born on June 1998, in Chandigarh, India, with the desire to be an Indian Cricketer and here she stands to be today in the Indian Cricket Team. She used to play for Himachal Pradesh and she is an attacking right- hand batswoman. She is also likely to bowl right arm leg spin occasionally. She made her debut for India in the Women’s One day International Cricket against England Women on 22nd February, 2019, at Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai. She became the second woman cricketer from Chandigarh to play for India after Taniya Bhatia. She made her Women’s Twenty20 International (WT20I) debut against England on 4 March 2019. Harleen made her Women IPL T-20 challenge debut for Trailblazers on 6th May 2019 against Supernovas and she also contributed 100 runs partnership with Smriti Mandhana.
In January 2020, she was named in India’s squad for the 2020 ICC Women’s T20 World Cup in Australia.
Career Statistics
Harleen has been a part of WODI and WT20I competitions. She has played 1 WODI and & WT20I.
RECENT MATCHES – PLAYER
MATCH
BAT
BOWL
DATE
GROUND
FORMAT
IND Women vs ENG Women
—
0/10
11-Jul-2021
Hove
WT20I # 919
IND Women vs ENG Women
17*
—
09-Jul-2021
Northampton
WT20I # 916
IND Women vs SA Women
4*
0/10
23-Mar-2021
Lucknow
WT20I # 888
IND Women vs SA Women
31
1/32
21-Mar-2021
Lucknow
WT20I # 887
IND Women vs SA Women
52
1/21
20-Mar-2021
Lucknow
WT20I # 886
From her one of the recent match, she has received appreciation on the catch she made to dismiss Amy Jones of England.
Below is the one of her appreciation received by PM Narendra Modi.
‘Phenomenal. Well Done’: PM Narendra Modi lauds Harleen Deol’s spectacular catch in 1st T20I against England
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi took to social media and hailed Harleen Deol’s outstanding efforts in the first T20I against England in Northampton.
India’s Harleen Deol has left the social media awestruck with the stunning catch she pulled off to dismiss Amy Jones in the first T20I against England on Friday in Northampton. While some greats of the game have already heaped praise on the youngster, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi also took to social media and hailed her outstanding efforts. The video of Harleen’s catch was shared on the Government of India’s Instagram profile which has already gone viral, garnering more than 700k views in 24 hours. On Saturday, PM Modi shared the screenshot of the post as his Insta story with a caption, “Phenomenal! Well done
Water is the most valuable and important natural resource which is essential for our survival. However, there is over consumption of freshwater due to different factors. This crisis of water scarcity is most visible in India as well as in other developing countries. Water is also important for our body but here we are only going to talk about Water as a natural resource.
What is Water Scarcity
Is their scarcity or abundance of water in India? A clear answer to this question is Scarcity. Now what is it? Water Scarcity is the lack of freshwater resources to satisfy water demands. It is manifested by partial or no satisfaction of expressed demand, economic competition for water quantity or quality, disputes between users, irreversible groundwater depletion, and negative effects on the environment.
It affects every continent and was categorized in 2019 by the World Economic Forum as one of the largest global risks with respect to its potential impact over the next decade.
One-third of the global population (2 billion people) live under situations of severe water scarcity at least one month of the year.
Half a billion people in the world affected by severe water scarcity all year round.
Half of the world’s largest cities have been facing water scarcity.
How is the water scarcity measured?
The absolute minimum water requirement for domestic usage is 50 liters per person per day, though 100-200 liters is often recommended.
Considering the needs of agriculture, industry and energy sectors, the recommended minimum annual per capita requirement is about 1700 cubic meters.
If a country like India has only about 1700 cu. meters water per person per year, it will experience only occasional or local water distress.
If the availability falls below this threshold level, the country will start to experience periodic or regular water stress.
If the water availability declines below 1000 cu. meters, the country will suffer from chronic water scarcity. Lack of water will then start to severely affect human health and well-being as well as economic development.
If the annual per capita supply declines below 500 cu. meters, the country will reach the stage of absolute scarcity.
What is the status of water availability in India?
India receives 4000 bcm (billion cubic meters) rainfall each year. Out of this, 1869 bcm remains after evaporation = The actual availability is only 1137 bcm.
Even in that 1137 bcm of water, there is a lot of temporals as well as regional variations in the availability.
For instance, on the one side, there are water surplus states such as Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and on the other side, there are water scarce states such as Maharashtra (Vidarbha, Beed), Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat.
Moreover, some states that are known to be water abundant such as Punjab, Haryana have their own issues.
What is the recent water crisis in India?
Maharashtra is facing a water crisis of unprecedented proportions. After years of drought, the river currents have ebbed, water in dams and reservoirs have depleted and over-exploitation of groundwater has raised concerns regarding the long-term availability of water.
Meanwhile, media reports claim IT firms in Chennai are asking employees to work from home. The reason is that they don’t have enough water to sustain their operations. It hasn’t rained for almost 200 days in the city and it may not get adequate rain to get over the water crisis for the next 3 months.
In North India, the people of arid Thar Desert of Rajasthan are spending Rs. 2500 for getting 2500 litres of water which they share with their cattle.
With Punjab facing the threat of desertification and the state struggling to break away from the wheat-paddy cycle, farmers in the state have been adopting a decade-old scheme to utilise underground pipeline system for irrigation.
In light of this crisis, Central government on its part has created a Jal Shakti Ministry under a full-fledged cabinet minister to resolve the water crisis but a lot more needs to be done.
Begum Hazrat Mahal’s name was Muhammedi khanum, born in Faziabad, Awadh, India. She was sold by her parents, and became a courtesan by profession.
She entered the royal harem as a khawasin after having been sold to Royal agents, where she was promoted to a pari, and was known as Mahak Pari. She became a Begum after being accepted as a royal concubine of the King of Awadh, the last Tajdaar-e-Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah; became his junior wife and the title ‘Hazrat Mahal’ was bestowed on her after the birth of their son, Birjis Qadr.
In 1856, the British annexed Awadh, and Wajid Ali Shah was exiled to Calcutta. She was eventually to take charge of the affairs of the state of Awadh despite her divorce from the Nawab.
Begum Hazrat Mahal (1820 – 7 April 1879), also known as the Begum of Awadh, was the second wife of Nawab of Awadh Wajid Ali Shah, and the regent of Awadh in 1857-1858. She is known for the leading role she had in the rebellion against the British East India Company during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
After her husband had been exiled to Calcutta and the Indian Rebellion broke out, she made her son, Prince Birjis Qadr, the Wali (ruler) of Awadh, with herself as regent during his minority. However, she was forced to abandon this role after a short reign. She finally found asylum in Nepal onto Hallaur, she died in 1879 Nepal. Her role in the rebellion has given her a heroine status.
Indian Rebellion of 1857
During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Begum Hazrat Mahal’s band of supporters rebelled against the forces of the British under the leadership of Raja Jalal Singh; they seized control of Lucknow, and she took power as the guardian of her minor son, Prince Birjis Qadr, whom she had declared as the ruler (Wali) of Awadh.[3] As regent, she automatically came to have a leadership role in the rebellion against the British.
One of the principal complaints of Begum Hazrat Mahal was that the East India Company had casually demolished Temples and mosques just to make way for roads. In a proclamation issued during the final days of the revolt, she mocked the British claim to allow freedom of worship:
To eat pigs and drink wine, to bite greased cartridges and to mix pig’s fat with sweetmeats, to destroy Hindu and Mussalman temples on the pretense of making roads, to build churches, to send clergymen into the streets to preach the Christian religion, to institute English schools, and pay people a monthly stipend for learning the English sciences, while the places of worship of Hindus and Mussalmans are to this day entirely neglected; with all this, how can people believe that religion will not be interfered with?
Hazrat Mahal worked in association with Nana Saheb, but later joined the Maulavi of Faizabad in the attack on Shahjahanpur.
When the forces under the command of the British re-captured Lucknow and most of Oudh, she was forced to retreat.
Later life
Ultimately, she had to retreat to Nepal, where she was initially refused asylum by the Rana prime minister Jang Bahadur, but was later allowed to stay.
She died there in 1879 and was buried in a nameless grave in the grounds of Kathmandu’s Jama Masjid.
After her death, on the occasion of the jubilee of Queen Victoria (1887), the British Government pardoned Birjis Qadr and he was allowed to return home.
The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith. The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, having aired 171 episodes over eight seasons. The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006; the first season averaged 3.60 million viewers. It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by Arrow. The show has received numerous award nominations, winning four People’s Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards. In April 2015, lead actress Nina Dobrev, who played Elena Gilbert, confirmed that she would be leaving the show after its sixth season. Dobrev returned to record a voiceover for the seventh-season finale and returned as a guest star in the series finale. In March 2016, The CW renewed the series for an eighth season, but in July of that year announced that the eighth season, consisting of 16 episodes, would be the show’s last. The final season began airing on October 21, 2016, and ended March 10, 2017.
The concepts and characters developed in the series served to launch a media franchise that includes other television series, web series, novels and comic books. The television series The Originals, which also aired on the CW, was the first major entry in this collection of connected works.
Series Overview
The Series began in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, a town charged with supernatural history. It follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), a teenage girl who has just lost both parents in a car accident, as she falls in love with a 162-year-old vampire named Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley). Their relationship becomes increasingly complicated as Stefan’s mysterious older brother Damon Salvatore (Ian Somerhalder) returns, with a plan to bring back their past love Katherine Pierce (also played by Dobrev), a vampire who looks exactly like Elena. Although Damon initially harbors a grudge against his brother for forcing him to become a vampire, he later reconciles with Stefan and falls in love with Elena, creating a love triangle among the three. Both brothers attempt to protect Elena as they face various villains and threats to their town, including Katherine. The brothers’ history and the town’s mythology are revealed through flashbacks as the series goes on.
Additional storylines revolve around the other inhabitants of the town, most notably Elena’s younger brother Jeremy Gilbert (Steven R. McQueen) and aunt Jenna Sommers (Sara Canning), her best friends Bonnie Bennett (Kat Graham) and Caroline Forbes (Candice King), their mutual friends Matt Donovan (Zach Roerig) and Tyler Lockwood (Michael Trevino), Matt’s older sister Vicki Donovan (Kayla Ewell), and their history teacher, vampire hunter Alaric Saltzman (Matthew Davis)
Ratings
The series premiere of The Vampire Diaries on September 11, 2009, gave The CW its biggest series premiere, scoring 4.91 million viewers. Adding in DVR numbers, the ratings for the premiere swelled to an official 5.7 million viewers. In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that “as with several other shows that focus on the supernatural,” The Vampire Diaries was “slightly more popular outside of cities. That said, the show’s fandom has the smallest amount of spatial variation of all 50 shows”.
The Vampire Diaries, Reviews
American drama series
7.7/10IMDb 86% Rotten Tomatoes 4/5 Common sense Media.
Online Education is a very flexible learning system that allows students to study solely via the internet on their own computer at home, or wherever they see fit.
Basically, student-teacher face to face meetings are not required, allowing students to study anywhere in the world.Online learning involves courses offered by postsecondary institutions that are 100% virtual, excluding massively open online courses (MOOCs). Online learning, or virtual classes offered over the internet, is contrasted with traditional courses taken in a brick-and-mortar school building. It is the newest development in distance education that began in the mid-1990s with the spread of the internet and the World Wide Web. Learner experience is typically asynchronous, but may also incorporate synchronous elements. The vast majority of institutions utilize a Learning Management System for the administration of online courses. As theories of distance education evolve, digital technologies to support learning and pedagogy continue to transform as well.
Offline Education–
Also referred to as traditional training. Offline Education means a student needs to go in a school, in a classroom, and attend a class face to face with a teacher. offline learning requires you to physically travel to a training centre or a school and be present at fixed hours, online learning allows you to study wherever you want, whenever you want. Offline learning is sometimes described as a proactive type of learning that can work forward on the basis of evaluating the static data sets that it has at its disposal. Because there is no continual influx of information, the program and its human operators can benchmark the results of the training set and apply them to future phases of operation. Some experts call offline learning a form of eager learning, which means that the system is working proactively to make decisions, as compared to lazy learning where the machine learning program’s work may be event driven.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Learning
Benefits of Online Education
Disadvantages of Online Education
Location doesn’t matter
Isolating
Flexible hours
No competition
Time saving
No interpersonal skills development
Cheaper
Limited topics
Convenient
Must have self discipline
Class recorded
Advantages and Disadvantages of Offline Learning
Benefits of Offline Education
Disadvantages of Offline Education
Individualised monitoring
Fixed location
Structured & disciplined setting
Fixed schedule
Face to face interactions
Study materials
Interpersonal skills development
Dependency on the teachers
Competitive atmosphere
Transport & Accommodation
Is Online just as effective as Offline Learning?
There is no definite answer to this question. Only because, the efficiency of a class, being online or offline, all depends on one’s motivation and drive to success.
As we saw previously online learning requires a lot of self discipline. You need to get up, open your laptop and be there during class without anyone always reminding you to be there.
If you don’t want to join the online class, the teacher won’t come for you. But you’ll get behind real quick. That’s where self-discipline comes in.
Just as in an offline setting, online learning requires you to do homework, research, group assignments and turn in papers on time. So nothing new here.
What will be different though in an online course, is the use of digital learning technology such as videos, interactive white boards, games and other online study material you can access anywhere, anytime, with a laptop, tablet or mobile phone.
Also the opportunity to engage with more day-to-day resources as additional study resources and integrating it into your habits, such as social media and shows in the language you’re learning.
Through digital learning resources, engagement with the class activities is increased, students have more fun interacting with the lessons and as a consequence will learn better and faster, than in traditional learning.
Which study is better, online or offline?
Again, this question is difficult to answer, as everyone’s situation is different. One might prefer a type of learning rather than the other according to their needs and availabilities.
If you have a training center close to your location, prefer to travel and study in another place than your hometown, then offline learning is absolutely fine.
If you prefer to stay home, need more flexible hours, don’t have the budget for a far away school or just learn better with digital technologies, then online learning is a great option.
Overthinking is simply what its name suggests – thinking too much. Overthinking is going over the same thought again and again, analyzing the simplest of situations or events until all sense of proportion has gone. The overthinking brain cannot translate these thoughts into actions or positive outcomes, so therefore creates feelings of stress and anxiety. The phrase “overthinking” is often used quite flippantly these days. (You can picture the social media posts: “I’m overthinking my holiday packing. Lol.”) But for the genuine overthinker, there is nothing shallow or light-hearted about their thoughts. Overthinking is like a problem which every 2nd or 3rd person is going through right now. It is something where you tend to think about a lot, which tends to control your mind, and you waste so much of your energy and you tend to lose time on something which doesn’t even matter to you that much and over the time you start doubting on yourself.
Why does we overthink?
Thinking a lot is a habit, much like biting our nails. Where overthinking becomes problematic is when we continually overlook the underlying need behind the behavior. It’s something we start doing because we’re coping with feelings that might be uncomfortable, or with needs that are not met. An intelligent or creative person’s mind needs to be fed. It needs “food for thought”. When this type of person does not provide their mind with intriguing or stimulating information on a regular basis, they’ll feel an unmet need. It’s quite possible the person will start to think or fantasize about things they have no control over, simply to fill the space. It becomes entertaining to think a lot, it provides stimulation. We tend to overthink when something bothers us. But if it starts to bother a lot than it also effects one’s health.
How to stop overthinking?
Step back and look at how you’re responding
The way you respond to your thoughts can sometimes keep you in a cycle of rumination, or repetitive thinking.
The next time you find yourself continuously running things over in your mind, take note of how it affects your mood. Do you feel irritated, nervous, or guilty? What’s the primary emotion behind your thoughts?
Having self-awareness is key to changing your mindset.
Find a distraction
Shut down overthinking by involving yourself in an activity you enjoy.
This looks different for everyone, but ideas include:
learning some new kitchen skills by tackling a new recipe
going to your favorite workout class
taking up a new hobby, such as painting
volunteering with a local organization
Take a deep breath
You’ve heard it a million times, but that’s because it works. The next time you find yourself tossing and turning over your thoughts, close your eyes and breathe deeply.
Meditate
Developing a regular meditation practice is an evidence-backed way to help clear your mind of nervous chatter by turning your attention inward.
Not sure how to get started? We’ve got everything you need to know in this how-to guide. All you need is 5 minutes and a quiet spot.
Look at the bigger picture
How will all the issues floating around in your mind affect you 5 or 10 years from now? Will anyone really care that you bought a fruit plate for the potluck instead of baking a pie from scratch?
Don’t let minor issues turn into significant hurdles.
Do something nice for someone else
Trying to ease the load for someone else can help you put things in perspective. Think of ways you can be of service to someone going through a difficult time.
Does your friend who’s in the middle of a divorce need a few hours of childcare? Can you pick up groceries for your neighbor who’s been sick?
Realizing you have the power to make someone’s day better can keep negative thoughts from taking over. It also gives you something productive to focus on instead of your never-ending stream of thoughts.
So don’t just overthink, whenever you feel that it’s happening just take a deep breath and it will be fine!
Kolkata, this city has a lot of names to be called whether it be Bengali Kalikata or formerly called Calcutta, capital of British India. It is the capital of West Bengal. It has earned the nickname ‘city of joy’ for its soulful embodiment of culture, love, mystery, respect, enthusiasm and definitely some amazing sweet delicacies. Kolkata, as it is now referred to as, is a city that upholds a perfect juxtaposition between the old world and the modern one. The city is centered on the east bank of the Hugli (Hooghly) River, once the main channel of the Ganges (Ganga) River, about 96 miles (154 km) upstream from the head of the Bay of Bengal; there the port city developed as a point of transshipment from water to land and from river to sea. A city of commerce, transport, and manufacture, Kolkata is the dominant urban Centre of eastern India.
History
The former name of the city has been anglicized version of the Bengali name Kalikata. The beliefs says that, Kalikata is derived from the Bengali word Kalikshetra, meaning “Ground of (the goddess) Kali.” Some say the city’s name derives from the location of its original settlement on the bank of a canal (khal). A third opinion traces it to the Bengali words for lime (calcium oxide; kali) and burnt shell (kata), since the area was noted for the manufacture of shell lime. In 2001 the government of West Bengal officially changed the name of the city to Kolkata. The history of Kolkata as a British settlement, known to the British as Calcutta, dates from the establishment of a trading post there by Job Charnock, an agent of the English East India Company, in 1690.
The history of Kolkata as a British settlement, known to the British as Calcutta, dates from the establishment of a trading post there by Job Charnock, an agent of the English East India Company, in 1690.
The Struggle for Independence
With the spread of education and westernization, began the phase of ‘Renaissance’ in Bengal. Many social reform movements were carried out, and the growing intellectual population started understanding the meaning of freedom and the city became the centre of Indian Independence struggle. All the tensions led to the transfer of the capital of British India to Delhi. Even after the transfer, Kolkata remained a major hub for trade and independence struggle.
Modern Kolkata
Kolkata is the main business, commercial and financial hub of eastern India. Kolkata witnessed an economic decline from the late sixties till the late nineties. The city’s economic fortunes turned the tide as the economic liberalization in India during the early nineties reached Kolkata during late nineties. Kolkata is a multicultural, cosmopolitan city. Apart from the diversity of India, the cultures represented are that of the Europeans (Including Germans, Armenians, and others), and other Asians (Including Chinese, Sinhalese, and Tibetans).
Since 1977, a “Left Front” coalition of communist and Marxist parties has continuously ruled the state. This is reflected in street names and memorials in the city. For example there are streets like Lenin Sarani, Ho Chi Minh Sarani, etc.. The Left Front regained control of the Municipal Corporation of Kolkata from the Trinamul Congress in the 2005 civic elections.
The Top 5 Things To Do And See In Kolkata
Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta, is the educational, commercial and cultural center of the Eastern part of India, and is the third most populous metropolitan city of India. Kolkata is a pioneer in the field of drama, arts, theatre and literature with several nobel laureates contributing to the Kolkata culture. Here, we explore the best local and cultural sights and activities.
The Marble Palace
It was built by a Bengali Merchant Raja Rajendra Mullick, whose family still reside here. With a Neoclassical style, this incredible building is made up of 26 varieties of Italian marbles. It is one of the most elegant and conserved houses in the city.
Science City
Kolkata’s science city works on the agenda that “one is never too old to learn”, with one of the finest science centers in India, established by the National Council of Science Museum. Science City encourages learning in the most entertaining manner; with interactive exhibits, 3D theatre experiences and a hi-tech motion stimulator, Science City is one of the most frequently visited sites in Kolkata and a favorite place for people of all ages.
Wildlife trek in Sundarbans
The Sundarban National Park is a delightful treat for all the travelers who love adventure and wildlife. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage site, the Sundarbans is the world’s largest mangrove belt, translating to ‘beautiful forest’ in Bengali. With a skillful and knowledgeable guide, Sundarbans trekking gives travelers one of the most memorable times of their lives, closely connected them to the natural habitat of the untamed.
Mother Teresa House
“Hearts to love and hands to serve,” said Mother Teresa, and to this day people from all around the world visit the Missionaries of Charity to give love with nothing in return but a peaceful mind and a happy heart. The Mother Teresa House is a must-visit for learning the ideologies and taking a closer look at how Mother Teresa lived.
South Park Street Cemetry
As peculiar as it might sound, the South Park Street Cemetery, is a burial ground well known for being a pleasant spot for a relaxing stroll. Although at times a little eerie, with grand Gothic-style tombs adorned with pillars, and facades of burial tombs engraved with Hindu symbols, Park Street Cemetery offers beautiful scenery and a sense of history and intrigue, perfect for spending a unique afternoon.
Some Unexplored Places to visit near Kolkata
Subhash Sarovar- Subhash Sarovar makes to our list of Kolkata unexplored places which is apt for all those people who want to be in a peaceful surrounding for some time. The pristine lake surrounded by verdant greenery and chirping of birds, makes this place perfect for the solitude lovers.
Nipponzan Myohoji- This is a Japanese Buddhist temple which is not known to many yet. There are statues of Buddha and pillars with lions on the temple. People visit this temple to meditate and find inner peace.
Jetty by the Hooghly- This jetty was once a part of the Army base camp from where their freight would load and unload. The place is calm and quiet, where you can only hear the sound of the River and birds chirping around.
Jessop Factory- One of the Kolkata’s unexplored places, Jessop Factory once was a lively place where workers would come every day to earn their wages. However, the factory was shut down several years ago. It is said, one can still hear the sound of machines in the factory at night, while there is no worker in there.
Baguran Jalpai- Baguran Jalpai is one of the unexplored places near Kolkata where you can reach in just four hours from the city. The golden sandy beach here, surrounded by Casuarina trees is a perfect place if you want to unwind. The sunset here is something you must witness.
Ira Singhal is an India Administrative Service Officer and computer science engineer. She was the first Person to crack the Civil Service Examination for the year 2014. She completed her B.Tech. from Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, University of Delhi and MBA from FMS Delhi. Singhal topped the exam in her fourth attempt, to become the first differently abled woman to top the civil services exam.
Early Life
Ira was born on 31st August 1983 in Meerut. Her father’s name is Rajendra Singhal, who works as an engineer and her mother is Anita Singhal, who works as Insurance advisor. Ira has scoliosis, a spine-related disorder, which disrupts her arm movement. She completed her schooling from the Army Public School, Dhaula Kuan and studied Computer Engineering from Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology and received Dual MBA in Marketing & Finance from Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi. She scored 1,082 marks out of a total 2,025 and secured 53.43% in UPSC Exam 2014-2015.
Career
Ms. Ira Singhal is the First Person with Disability to top the prestigious Civil Services Examination, 2014. She has B.E. and MBA degrees from 2 of the top institutions of the country and has worked as a Strategy Manager for Cadbury India Limited. She currently handles 7 profiles in North Delhi Municipal Corporation, being, D.C. Keshavpuram Zone, D.C. Karol Bagh Zone, Director Education, Director Community Services, Director Press and Information, D.C. Advertising and D.C. RP Cell &Parking. She is the Brand Ambassador for Department of Disability, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India.
She is also a brand ambassador for Ministry of Women and Child Development, Niti Ayog and is on the National Panel for Accessible Elections, Election Commission of India. Her innumerable awards include India Today’s Woman of the Year 2015, President’s Gold Medal for Topping the IAS Training, First Ladies of India Award by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India. She is also recorded in the Limca Book of Records.
She has been a speaker on wide ranging issues like education, disability, Gender issues, skill development, career counselling etc. at more than 500 international and National conferences, Industry forums, universities, colleges and other top institutions of the country including IIMs & IITs. She has been working towards various social causes including empowerment of persons with disabilities, empowerment and promotion of Transgender community, Women Empowerment, prevention of Child labour & child marriages, prevention of illegal conversion of green lands, promoting green energy, skill development, promotion of Mental Health and promotion of Khadi and indigenous fabrics. She rescued around 340 child and bonded laborers and restored them to their families, within 1 year in her first posting as SDM (Sub-Divisional Magistrate), Alipur in North Delhi district. She is also the first person to give a job to a transgender person full-time employment in a government office.
In North MCD, she has continued to her work with women and children. Through the means of CSR Funding, she has setup a unique project where 12 hour crèche-cum-day-care facility has been provided inside government schools, giving educational, nutritional and medical interventions free of cost for children in age groups 0-12 years, belonging to poor backgrounds. The project has been appreciated by the Prime Minister’s office and is being considered for extension to the rest of the country by Ministry of Women and Child Development.
Overview What do you mean by Healthy Lifestyle? It is not just the good health of a person. A healthy lifestyle also includes a healthy routine, and healthy eating habits, etc. Good nutrition, daily exercise, and adequate sleep are the foundations of healthy living. A healthy lifestyle keeps you fit, energetic, and at reduced risk for disease. According to WHO, Healthy living is a way of living that helps you enjoy more aspects of your life. It is a way of living that lowers the risk of being seriously ill or dying early. Health is not just about avoiding a disease or illness. It is about physical, mental, and social well-being too. When you adopt a healthy lifestyle, you provide a more positive role model for other people in your family, particularly children. You will also create a better environment for them to grow up in. By helping them to follow a healthier lifestyle, you will contribute to their well-being and enjoyment of life now and in the future. Factors that affect your lifestyle on a regular basis Managing stress in positive ways, instead of through smoking or drinking alcohol, reduces wear, and tear on your body at the molecular level. For a longer and more comfortable life, you should adopt a healthy lifestyle. Following factors may affect your lifestyle on a regular basis: Eating It plays a vital role in your lifestyle. It is providing nutrients to the body so that it can help in cell growth and metabolism. You need to eat a varied diet to get essential nutrients in the form of protein, vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, and fats. Consume lean meat such as chicken along with legumes, eggs, and nuts for healthy living. Also, a balanced diet is needed to maintain a good lifestyle which lies under eating habits. Not just eating healthy food but, drinking healthy liquids like juice, and green tea, etc. Exercise Your lifestyle should include exercise. It majorly contributes to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Calories accompany the nutrition in food and if you don’t exercise, you’ll gain weight. Carrying extra weight increases your risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Your lifestyle should support a constant healthy weight for normal daily activity. You should always do muscle-strengthening exercises, such as weight lifting, along with aerobic exercises, such as walking or running. You should also include exercise, such as yoga to improve body flexibility. Sleeping Daily metabolism perpetuates the decline and rejuvenation of cellular tissue and the body’s self-repair takes place when you are asleep. Memory consolidation and appetite regulation also occur during this time of reduced physical activity. Seven to nine hours of night sleep daily is considered an optimum for most individuals for a healthy lifestyle. Reducing Stress Your body responds to everyday stress with a release of hormones that prepare you to react. Although some stress is inevitable and necessary, the excess can lead to various health problems. If you don’t relieve this excessively stressful state through relaxation, the effects build and can create muscular pain, headaches, sleep disturbances, and other symptoms. A lifestyle that includes regular stress management, breaks this cycle before it can progress to unhealthy levels.
Poverty is a state where a person is not able to access his daily needs of life, such as, food, shelter, and clothing, etc.,. due to lack of financial resources. In this case the income from employment is so low that even basic needs can’t be met. It is not from today, it has been from earlier times and our country is not able to get out from it. Each nation may have its own threshold that determines how many of its people are living in poverty. Poverty-stricken people and families might go without proper housing, clean water, healthy food, and medical attention. Now, it is very important to know that who comes under poverty and who does not. Every nation has it’s own way to measure poverty. The poverty ratio in India has been measured from an exogenously determined poverty line quantified in terms of per capita consumption expenditure over a month and the class distribution of persons obtained from the large sample survey of consumer expenditure data of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO).
Understanding Poverty in India
The incidence of poverty in India is a matter of concern for the policy analysts and academic researchers both because of it’s scope and intensity. National poverty line estimates indicated a poverty incidence of 27.5% in 2004-2005, implying that over one quarter of the population in India lives below the poverty line. Also, in absolute numbers, India still has 301.7 million poor persons with a significant percentage of them being substantially or severely poor in terms of the norms identified as being necessary for survival. At present, 60 per cent of India’s population, or an estimated 812 million people, live below that poverty line. The significance of India in the context of world poverty is apparent given the fact that around half of the world’s poor live in South Asia and of the 534 million people in South Asia who lived on less than $1 per day in 2003, over 300 million lived in India. While economic growth is a powerful tool for poverty reduction, the impact of higher growth on poverty reduction depends significantly on the pattern of growth and levels of inequality. Owing to rapid growth in recent years, the Indian economy has also undergone significant structural changes. Inclusive growth has therefore become a major policy priority and is defined as a process whereby the benefits of growth are shared by a vast proportion of the population.
Causes of Poverty
Increase in Population- Population has been rising in India at a rapid speed. This rise is mainly due to fall in death rate and more birth rate. Due to which the number of people to attain the resources are more than the actual resources and this is why poverty exists.
Unemployment and Under employment- Due to continuous rise in population, there is chronic unemployment and under employment in India. There is educated unemployment and disguised unemployment. Poverty is just the reflection of unemployment.
Capital Deficiency- To decrease poverty even if people want to start a small industry and work capital is needed. And, people who are in poverty it will be a challenge to arrange for capital, and hence arises the problem of capital deficiency.
Under-developed economy– The Indian economy is under developed due to low rate of growth. It is the main cause of poverty.
Increase in prices- The steep rise in prices has affected the poor badly. They have become poorer.
Rural Economy–Indian economy is rural economy. Indian agriculture is backward. It has great pressure of population. Income in agriculture is low and disguised unemployment is more in agriculture.
Lack of Skilled Labour– In India, unskilled labour is in abundant supply but skilled labour is less due to insufficient industrial education and training.
Low rate of growth– The growth rate of the economy has been 3.7% and growth rate of population has been 1.8%. So compared to population, per capita growth rate of economy has been very low. It is the main cause of poverty.
Poverty reduction would be possible in India through higher economic growth, increasing stress on universal free elementary education, declining population growth, increasing empowerment of the women and the economically weaker sections of society.
Eduindex News 
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