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How Facebook become Powerful & Giant Company

 Hi everybody, We all know Facebook as the giant, powerful company that it is today but very few of us know that when Facebook actually came out in the market it was neither the first social media product in the market nor was it the best social media website in the market. In fact, when Facebook came out, there was already another social media website that had about 1 million users. And it was already one of the most visited websites on the Internet. But somehow, within the next four years Facebook made history by overtaking this huge company and went onto become one of the most powerful companies on the planet. 

And the reason why this happened has got some very very important business learnings for each one of us because more often than not, we all must have had a brilliant idea but then after doing a little bit of research, we tend to realize that there is already a giant company as our competitors doing the exact same thing as we planned to do. And that could be demotivating. But guys, what if I told you that instead, you should be super happy to build a business if there is already a giant competition in the market. And the fact that it will actually provide you a golden opportunity to build a business. The question is- How is it even possible and how can you go on to build a business to compete with a billion dollar company. The answer to this question lies in a story that dates back to 2004.

 This is when a social media website called Myspace had arrived on the Internet. It was just like the modern day Facebook which allowed people to form connections and helped them find new friends on the Internet. And within just one year Myspace became a sensation in the making with more than 1 million users signing up within the first month itself. And by the end of the year, Myspace had 5 million users. This is when in 2005, it got purchased by a gigantic media company called News Corp for $580 milllion. Because somehow, News Corp was one of those few organisations that actually realized the potential of social media ads, back in 2005. And the day this purchase happened it marked the beginning of the capitalistic Internet era. During this time, Facebook was just a college student website which was open to only Ivy League students in the US. But on the other side, from 2005 to 2008 Myspace became the most visited social networking site in the world. And in 2006, it even surpassed Google to becoming the most visited website in the world. 

But something happened in the next 4 years because of which the same Myspace had 115 million users while on the other side Facebook, the college community website had more than 1 billion users. The question is What exactly happened and how did two companies inspite of being in the exact same space, doing the exact same thing have such a vast difference in their success. The first reason is based on the fundamental concept of social network and human psychology which is known as the triadic closure property. And this is something that was suggested by a german sociologists named Georg Simmel in 1908. In simple words what it means is if there are three people: Shyam, Baburao and Raju If Raju knows Babu and Babu knows Shyam then automatically, Raju will form a connection with Shyam and Raju will be more inclined to trust Shyam. So, basically, if A knows B, and B knows C then A is more inclined to form a connection with C eventually leading to speed of trust. And you must have observed this while you used Facebook or Instagram, that is when you get a request from a person who has 200 mutual friends you easily tend to accept their request. 

At the same time if you get a request from a person whom you possibly know but has got zero mutual friends there’s a little bit of skepticism that pops in. This is how the triadic closure property plays out. In case of Myspace and Facebook, the major drawback with Myspace was that it did not allow users to use their real names as their usernames and because of this, although you could meet new people on the Internet through similar interests you couldn’t really tell who exactly are you chatting with. So, this kinda turned into a fine mix of privacy and creepiness. But on the other hand Facebook insisted on getting people to use their real names as their usernames. Why? Because as legend has it, Facebook was meant to stalk girls and if you didn’t know the names of those girls stalking wouldn’t be user-friendly right? Will do anything for girls Just kidding guys! It was meant to be that way because Mark Zuckerberg believed in helping people build authentic connections through digital technology. 

And regardless of the truth behind this statement the strategy of using real names turned out to be Facebook’s X factor because of which apart from connecting with people in their own respective social circle users actually started to expand their network to form second and third connections. And this is where the mutual friend feature came in handy and because of this, the networks on Facebook became far more deep rooted and helped people expand their connections beyond their social circle. And this is the reason why in 2006, when Facebook opened itself to the general public people flocked to create a Facebook account inspite of having a Myspace account already. Now, this begs the question If this was just this simple feature of using real usernames that distinguished Facebook from Myspace then why didn’t Myspace incorporate that feature and kill Facebook altogether? In fact, this is what Facebook did with Snapchat right? By introducing Instagram stories. In fact, the Myspace team even had the backing of a large corporation like News Corp, right? Then why couldn’t they incorporate this feature? Well, as it turns out, this is exactly why they couldn’t incorporate the feature in their website. Because News corp turned Myspace into a proper corporate organisation which had to follow protocols and procedures And more than the ideas and the execution, the focus went to register quarterly profits, yearly profits and all the other corporate procedures. 

In fact, even if the Myspace team came out with a brilliant idea. It first used to get scrutinized by the lawyers, then by so-called experts and then a series of meetings used to be held and then a series of emails to be sent and it just kept going back and forth. And in the process, things got so slow that the ideas just got lost into bureaucracy and even something as simple as adding a feature also took forever to be executed. While on the other side, Facebook was being run by a bunch of college students who could add, change, modify and delete features overnight. And make major modifications to the website without any formalities. And unfortunately finally when Myspace incorporated the option of real usernames it was already 2008 and Facebook had already surged way ahead.

 So, to put that straight, while Myspace became a rigid organisation that was focused on procedures and protocols. And was constantly debating about who is right and who is not. Facebook was obsessively focused on what is right and executed ideas with agility. And this became the second reason for the fall of Myspace and the rise of Facebook. And the story didn’t end here the rigid corporate structure of Myspace also lead to another huge setback that literally became the golden recipe for Facebook to surge way ahead of Myspace. And this recipe also became a game changer for Amazon, Google and Apple. And this was the idea of third party integration wherein Facebook practically tranformed from a product to becoming a platform. 

On 24th of May 2007, Facebook launched the Facebook platform to provide a framework for software developers to create applications that could interact with core features of Facebook. For example, Spotify could use Facebook API to allow users to share music directly within the Spotify application itself. Candy Crush used Facebook for instant login and I’m sure most of you must have used it. And thirdly, Nike run club used Facebook API to enable its users to share their achievements of their run with their friends by posting directly to the Facebook’s news feed. So, this way Facebook allowed developers and gave them the freedom to use their technology and build products and services of their own.

 Whereas on the other hand, Myspace was set to be a notoriously closed system and Myspace even used to block contents from potential competitors. And for some reason it also ended up blocking Photobucket which was at that time the most popular photo sharing website. And this is the third reason why Facebook became an incredible platform not just for consumers and advertisers but also for developers. And by the way, this concept of going from a product to a platform is also the reason for the unprecedented success of Apple because back then even Steve Jobs was skeptical about allowing third party developers. But when Apple started providing its platform to developers the iconic App Store was born and that changed Apple forever. 

Even Android did the same with Play Store. But If you look at Nokia Nokia acted like Myspace and made it very difficult for developers to operate because the symbianOS was too rigid for third party apps to be built upon. And fast forward to 2006, Amazon launched its own version of third party integration by allowing third party sellers to use this technology to sell their products. And guess what? In 2020 alone, Amazon generated $80.46 billion dollars in third-party seller services revenue which is more than the revenue generated by its own sellers. This was the insane revenue stream that Myspace passed on and turned Facebook into the billion dollar company that it is today.

Now, let’s talk about the 3 important lessons from this case study. Lesson number one, Every entrepreneur and a leader needs to realize that the fundamental purpose of an organisational structure is not just to help you make strategic decisions but to enable you to make those strategic decisions before its too late. And the day you realize that these protocols are making the execution of ideas tedious you need to kill those protocols straightaway or else those very same protocols will end up killing your organisation. 

Lesson 2, regardless of how marvelous your technology is if you’re building a business to consumer product human centred design must always be taken into consideration because if you see, in this case, it was the simple feature of mutual friends that actually got Facebook the same amount of popularity as Myspace. Because knowingly or unknowingly it abided by the triadic closure property. 

And last and most importantly, even if you’re not the first mover in the industry it’s completely fine guys. In fact, it is great because regardless of how big a company is if they are venturing into a new space, they will make mistakes. And if you carefully learn from those mistakes you can save yourself a lot of time, a lot of money and a lot of efforts. And more importantly, merely by learning from those mistakes you will have the opportunity to race ahead of the game Because afterall, wisdom is that attribute that often separates a few legendary entrepreneurs from the many good ones.

How Facebook become Powerful & Giant Company

 Hi everybody, We all know Facebook as the giant, powerful company that it is today but very few of us know that when Facebook actually came out in the market it was neither the first social media product in the market nor was it the best social media website in the market. In fact, when Facebook came out, there was already another social media website that had about 1 million users. And it was already one of the most visited websites on the Internet. But somehow, within the next four years Facebook made history by overtaking this huge company and went onto become one of the most powerful companies on the planet. 

And the reason why this happened has got some very very important business learnings for each one of us because more often than not, we all must have had a brilliant idea but then after doing a little bit of research, we tend to realize that there is already a giant company as our competitors doing the exact same thing as we planned to do. And that could be demotivating. But guys, what if I told you that instead, you should be super happy to build a business if there is already a giant competition in the market. And the fact that it will actually provide you a golden opportunity to build a business. The question is- How is it even possible and how can you go on to build a business to compete with a billion dollar company. The answer to this question lies in a story that dates back to 2004.

 This is when a social media website called Myspace had arrived on the Internet. It was just like the modern day Facebook which allowed people to form connections and helped them find new friends on the Internet. And within just one year Myspace became a sensation in the making with more than 1 million users signing up within the first month itself. And by the end of the year, Myspace had 5 million users. This is when in 2005, it got purchased by a gigantic media company called News Corp for $580 milllion. Because somehow, News Corp was one of those few organisations that actually realized the potential of social media ads, back in 2005. And the day this purchase happened it marked the beginning of the capitalistic Internet era. During this time, Facebook was just a college student website which was open to only Ivy League students in the US. But on the other side, from 2005 to 2008 Myspace became the most visited social networking site in the world. And in 2006, it even surpassed Google to becoming the most visited website in the world. 

But something happened in the next 4 years because of which the same Myspace had 115 million users while on the other side Facebook, the college community website had more than 1 billion users. The question is What exactly happened and how did two companies inspite of being in the exact same space, doing the exact same thing have such a vast difference in their success. The first reason is based on the fundamental concept of social network and human psychology which is known as the triadic closure property. And this is something that was suggested by a german sociologists named Georg Simmel in 1908. In simple words what it means is if there are three people: Shyam, Baburao and Raju If Raju knows Babu and Babu knows Shyam then automatically, Raju will form a connection with Shyam and Raju will be more inclined to trust Shyam. So, basically, if A knows B, and B knows C then A is more inclined to form a connection with C eventually leading to speed of trust. And you must have observed this while you used Facebook or Instagram, that is when you get a request from a person who has 200 mutual friends you easily tend to accept their request. 

At the same time if you get a request from a person whom you possibly know but has got zero mutual friends there’s a little bit of skepticism that pops in. This is how the triadic closure property plays out. In case of Myspace and Facebook, the major drawback with Myspace was that it did not allow users to use their real names as their usernames and because of this, although you could meet new people on the Internet through similar interests you couldn’t really tell who exactly are you chatting with. So, this kinda turned into a fine mix of privacy and creepiness. But on the other hand Facebook insisted on getting people to use their real names as their usernames. Why? Because as legend has it, Facebook was meant to stalk girls and if you didn’t know the names of those girls stalking wouldn’t be user-friendly right? Will do anything for girls Just kidding guys! It was meant to be that way because Mark Zuckerberg believed in helping people build authentic connections through digital technology. 

And regardless of the truth behind this statement the strategy of using real names turned out to be Facebook’s X factor because of which apart from connecting with people in their own respective social circle users actually started to expand their network to form second and third connections. And this is where the mutual friend feature came in handy and because of this, the networks on Facebook became far more deep rooted and helped people expand their connections beyond their social circle. And this is the reason why in 2006, when Facebook opened itself to the general public people flocked to create a Facebook account inspite of having a Myspace account already. Now, this begs the question If this was just this simple feature of using real usernames that distinguished Facebook from Myspace then why didn’t Myspace incorporate that feature and kill Facebook altogether? In fact, this is what Facebook did with Snapchat right? By introducing Instagram stories. In fact, the Myspace team even had the backing of a large corporation like News Corp, right? Then why couldn’t they incorporate this feature? Well, as it turns out, this is exactly why they couldn’t incorporate the feature in their website. Because News corp turned Myspace into a proper corporate organisation which had to follow protocols and procedures And more than the ideas and the execution, the focus went to register quarterly profits, yearly profits and all the other corporate procedures. 

In fact, even if the Myspace team came out with a brilliant idea. It first used to get scrutinized by the lawyers, then by so-called experts and then a series of meetings used to be held and then a series of emails to be sent and it just kept going back and forth. And in the process, things got so slow that the ideas just got lost into bureaucracy and even something as simple as adding a feature also took forever to be executed. While on the other side, Facebook was being run by a bunch of college students who could add, change, modify and delete features overnight. And make major modifications to the website without any formalities. And unfortunately finally when Myspace incorporated the option of real usernames it was already 2008 and Facebook had already surged way ahead.

 So, to put that straight, while Myspace became a rigid organisation that was focused on procedures and protocols. And was constantly debating about who is right and who is not. Facebook was obsessively focused on what is right and executed ideas with agility. And this became the second reason for the fall of Myspace and the rise of Facebook. And the story didn’t end here the rigid corporate structure of Myspace also lead to another huge setback that literally became the golden recipe for Facebook to surge way ahead of Myspace. And this recipe also became a game changer for Amazon, Google and Apple. And this was the idea of third party integration wherein Facebook practically tranformed from a product to becoming a platform. 

On 24th of May 2007, Facebook launched the Facebook platform to provide a framework for software developers to create applications that could interact with core features of Facebook. For example, Spotify could use Facebook API to allow users to share music directly within the Spotify application itself. Candy Crush used Facebook for instant login and I’m sure most of you must have used it. And thirdly, Nike run club used Facebook API to enable its users to share their achievements of their run with their friends by posting directly to the Facebook’s news feed. So, this way Facebook allowed developers and gave them the freedom to use their technology and build products and services of their own.

 Whereas on the other hand, Myspace was set to be a notoriously closed system and Myspace even used to block contents from potential competitors. And for some reason it also ended up blocking Photobucket which was at that time the most popular photo sharing website. And this is the third reason why Facebook became an incredible platform not just for consumers and advertisers but also for developers. And by the way, this concept of going from a product to a platform is also the reason for the unprecedented success of Apple because back then even Steve Jobs was skeptical about allowing third party developers. But when Apple started providing its platform to developers the iconic App Store was born and that changed Apple forever. 

Even Android did the same with Play Store. But If you look at Nokia Nokia acted like Myspace and made it very difficult for developers to operate because the symbianOS was too rigid for third party apps to be built upon. And fast forward to 2006, Amazon launched its own version of third party integration by allowing third party sellers to use this technology to sell their products. And guess what? In 2020 alone, Amazon generated $80.46 billion dollars in third-party seller services revenue which is more than the revenue generated by its own sellers. This was the insane revenue stream that Myspace passed on and turned Facebook into the billion dollar company that it is today.

Now, let’s talk about the 3 important lessons from this case study. Lesson number one, Every entrepreneur and a leader needs to realize that the fundamental purpose of an organisational structure is not just to help you make strategic decisions but to enable you to make those strategic decisions before its too late. And the day you realize that these protocols are making the execution of ideas tedious you need to kill those protocols straightaway or else those very same protocols will end up killing your organisation. 

Lesson 2, regardless of how marvelous your technology is if you’re building a business to consumer product human centred design must always be taken into consideration because if you see, in this case, it was the simple feature of mutual friends that actually got Facebook the same amount of popularity as Myspace. Because knowingly or unknowingly it abided by the triadic closure property. 

And last and most importantly, even if you’re not the first mover in the industry it’s completely fine guys. In fact, it is great because regardless of how big a company is if they are venturing into a new space, they will make mistakes. And if you carefully learn from those mistakes you can save yourself a lot of time, a lot of money and a lot of efforts. And more importantly, merely by learning from those mistakes you will have the opportunity to race ahead of the game Because afterall, wisdom is that attribute that often separates a few legendary entrepreneurs from the many good ones.

Increase Your Productivity Using This Simple Step To Focus…!!!!

 Hello everybody,  People, let’s first try to understand why are we so bad at instructing ourselves. Why is it that we are not able to manage our time ? Why is it that we are not able to focus ? And the answer to this question lies in our conditioning that has happened. since childhood You will see that since childhood there has always been an external entity which has been telling you what to do and when to do. For the first 18 years of your life you’ve got your school that gives you a timetable and tells you that from 9AM to 10AM you’re supposed to learn Hindi from 10 to 11 your are supposed to learn English and so on and so forth. 

And the same thing happens in college also when the college gives you a timetable and tells you that tells you that you’re supposed to have 75% attendance. And then when you get employed there is a boss who is going to keep an eye on you, the company tells you that you’re supposed to be there from 9 to 5. And then you’ve got those annoying peers who often keep an eye on you as to how many breaks you are taking. So if you see, there has always been an external entity that has been telling you when to do and what to do. As a result of this, we have lost our ability or our ability to self-govern ourselves has degraded to such a large extent that the next time you command your brain to do something the first response that you get is “NO” (laughs) .

So, practically speaking, your mind has become this notorious monkey which requires an external entity to tell it what to do and when to do. So, here’s a simple 5 step procedure which will help you to condition your mind to focus on something. Now the disclaimer over here is that this step by step procedure is very easy to understand but very difficult to execute. So, do not expect this to be like an easy ride for you to improve your focus and and for you to have this ultimate level of concentration that you wish to have. So, here’s step number one People, 

the first thing that you are supposed to do is make sure that you have one particular time slot and you reserve this one particular time slot for whatever activity that you want to do. This could be your homework This could be your project work, this could be anything. But fixing this time slot is very important and once you have, let’s say, fixed 9 AM to 11 AM what you are supposed to do is you’re supposed to make sure that you clear out every single possible distraction. For example, if you want to have breakfast, do make sure to schedule the breakfast before 9AM so that between that time, that is, from 9 AM to 11 AM you don’t have to get up for breakfast. 

Make sure that you do all the calls that you need, make sure you send all the PDFs to your friends or whatever you want to send. After doing all that work you shouldn’t have any work left between 9AM to 11AM except for that activity. The second step would be to get everything that you need at that desk wherein you’re supposed to work so that you don’t have to get up. Now, this includes everything starting from a sharpened pencil to your bottle of water. If you drink a lot of water then get 2 bottles and make sure that you have everything that you needed so that you don’t have to get up during that time slot. 

Step 3 is the most obvious step of all and that would be to put your phone on DnD and keep it away. And then we move on to step 4 and this is by far the most difficult step of all and here’s where no matter what happens, I repeat, no matter what happens you are supposed to be at your desk from 9 AM to 11 AM for 22 days straight, alright ? And here’s where, for the first 10 days your productivity will be ultra low okay ? It doesn’t matter. You are supposed to be at your desk, you’re supposed to be sitting at your chair. And the moment you do this, your battle with the monkey mind begins and here’s where all kinds of thoughts will start coming into play. Bro, what is the purpose of life ? Is Kunal Kamra right or Modi Ji right ? Why didn’t Seema reply ? I think I’m alone. 

What is the purpose of this Indian education system yaar ? Hmm.. these scientists are saying that the world will be doomed by 2030 then what’s the point of me studying all this ? And when this happens, just let your thoughts flow and you know what people ?this reminds me of what one This is what reminds me of what Blaise Pascal once said He said, “Most of the humanity’s problems stem from man’s inability to sit quietly in a room, alone. And this experience of yours is the standing example of the same. Over the course of time, in about 5 to 10 days automatically, you will be able to make peace with your thoughts. And you will see that slowly and steadily your efficiency is increasing. Eventually, by the 22nd day, I can bet you that you would have reached at least 50% efficiency as in, if you sit down for 2 hours you will be able to focus on your work for at least one hour. 

And after you’re done with all of this, what you are supposed to do is maintain a progress sheet and over there you are supposed to write how much work you have done on each day until the 22nd day and if possible, follow it all throughout. Once you start doing this you’ll notice that you’re making progress, your efficiency is increasing and that will give you motivation to keep going. And once you follow this technique for about 22 days, you will see that by the end of 22nd day you have cultivated a powerful habit, you have discplined yourself to sit from 9 AM to 11 AM. Automatically, your focus will improve, your concentration will improve for those 2 hours and once you keep doing this for many many things in life, automatically you will begin see that you are making some amazing progress. 

Now, people, here’s where I want to tell you something very very important. I am not teaching you this technique so that you can study better I know that you are going to study well anyways because your teachers are going to kick your a**, your parents are going to kick your a**. But the reason why I want you to practice this technique for something as lame as studies is because this technique will teach you 3 very important life lessons that will help you achieve greatness in life. 

The first lesson that this technique is going to teach you is to live with your thoughts. And trust me, in this world of hustle and bustle because we don’t spend enough time with ourself we always live in a state of misery and the worst part is more often than not we never realize it. 

The second life skill that this technique will teach you is the art of self-governance. You will learn how do you exactly take control of your temptations, you will learn how to take control over your distractions. And once you start doing this in small things in life, automatically, you will begin to prepare yourself for much bigger and much more difficult battles in life. 

And third and most importantly this technique will also teach you that greatness takes time. At day zero, you will suck. Regardless of whatever you do, if you want to be great at it, you have to first learn to suck. And in this big bad world wherein we get everything with a click of a button it is very important for our generation to understand that greatness takes time. And once you learn this, I am 100% sure. that you will be on your way to achieve greatness. 

Contamination

Contamination is the cycle where unwanted poisonous impurities debase our current circumstance like air, water, soil, and so on It is making unexpected changes in the environment, which is straightforwardly on by implication leaving unfriendly consequences for the existences of people, creatures, and plants. It makes an irregularity in the normal framework. Numerous things which are making our lives simple are hurtful to the climate. For instance, vehicles leave gases that dirty the air. Ventures and family trash dirty both water and air.

Each living being on Earth relies upon air and water. At the point when these two things get contaminated, every one of the lives on Earth come at a danger. It is seen that metropolitan regions get more contaminated than in rustic regions. However rustic regions additionally get dirtied by destructive pesticides utilized in cultivating lands. Due to contamination, numerous new infections show up day by day, which are very perilous for the wellbeing of living creatures. It has now become a significant issue all around the world. An unnatural weather change is currently the reason for migraines for all individuals around the world. It is the contamination that is by implication influencing the adjustment of the climate. This worldwide issue needs quick activity. Else, it will be trying to lead a solid way of life.

Sorts of Contamination

There are different sorts of contamination around us. Here, we will talk about additional on the kinds of contamination.

• Air Contamination: It is some of the time noticeable like we can see dirtied air left by the vehicles out and about due to its distinctive shading. By and large, it isn’t noticeable. Dirtied air predominantly influences the eyes and lungs of individuals just as creatures. It can even kill a living animal inside a couple of moments. We think about numerous episodes where unsafe gas spillage has killed individuals. Indeed, even cataclysmic events can make the air harmful. Like volcanic emissions produce hurtful gases that influence human wellbeing and other normal assets too. Vehicles and industrial facilities produce unsafe gases that, in response to daylight, makes thick mist. Air contamination additionally adds to Corrosive Downpour. It can annihilate water life, woodlands, and so on

• Water Contamination: Same like water, one sort of water contamination is apparent like sloppy water, water with trash, and so forth Simultaneously, some noticeably spotless water can contain synthetic substances that are risky to our wellbeing. Drinking contaminated water can cause genuine medical problems. A many individuals kick the bucket worldwide by burning-through debased water. It can likewise in a roundabout way influence people and creatures. Like on the off chance that we eat a fish from a contaminated stream or ocean, we additionally ingest the expected poisons. Flammable gas and oil can likewise add to the contamination of water. Fluid squanders from industrial facilities likewise dirty the water. Strong squanders upset the seepage framework. Sewages, farming waste, corrosive downpour are fundamental reasons for water contamination.

• Soil Contamination: Strong squanders from production lines and families dirty the land. Destructive synthetic substances blend in the dirt through the pesticides utilized in agribusiness. Toxins from landfills blend in the ground and contaminate it. At the point when we eat plants that have filled in the dirtied land, we by implication devour pollutants hurtful to our wellbeing.

    • Noise Contamination: When the sound becomes narrow minded and reason of unsettling influence, it is commotion contamination. The hints of vehicles, mike, noisy music, or hardware cause commotion contamination. It causes genuine medical problems like headache, discouragement, hypertension, forceful conduct, and so forth to people. It additionally straightforwardly influences the wellbeing of creatures. It at times turns into the justification their demise.

    End

    Many individuals and creatures are losing their lives or encountering extreme medical problems because of the expanded degree of contamination. This basic issue needs prompt consideration. The greater part of the reasons for contamination are human exercises. Thus, we should control such exercises that add to contamination. It can basically limit the seriousness of its belongings.

    Programming language

     Programming language is a language to write programs like c, c++,java etc 

    It is a language to convert assembly code into machine code ..

    Every programming language is great in its own and have vast libraries functionalities

    Love

     Love is a great thing which everybody want in his or her life .love make us strong and mentally fit . Love doesn’t require anything in advance ,it  can only be gain independently. 

    Love helps to build trust and boost image 

    The Silent Killer of Immunity – Indoor Pollution

    Hello everyone , Stay Home, Stay Safe. Today, everyone is advised to stay inside their homes if they want to be protected from the virus. But have you ever thought about the viruses inside your home? I’m talking about the pollution inside our homes. Whenever we talk about air pollution, we refer to the pollution outside in the city. But do you know that there are multiple sources of air pollution inside your home? Which are adversely affecting your health and immunity. 

    I think this will be an apt time to talk about indoor air pollution. What are the different sources of indoor air pollution? And how can you protect your health from them and fight against them? Come, let’s find out all of this, in today’s video. A US-based report of 2019 had stated that more than 6 Lakh Indians died because of indoor air pollution. The diseases from this type of pollution are respiratory. Pulmonary diseases. Like stroke, lung cancer, asthma, those diseases which are often caused by outdoor air pollution. But the good news is that, though you can’t control the outdoor pollution, but you can control the pollution inside your homes to quite an extent in simple and easy steps. 

    Come, let’s get to know the sources and how to control them. You might not have to worry about the first and largest source perhaps because most of you live in cities where LPG cylinders are used. But in India, around 60% of the people, especially those living in rural areas, often use wood, charcoal and cow dung as fuel for cooking even today. The cooking fuels cause incomplete combustion which releases PM2.5. Which is very harmful to the lungs. Thankfully, for the last few years, through the Ujjwala scheme, the use of LPG cylinders has increased across the country. And the indoor pollution from this source has been reduced. If you know someone who still uses these cooking fuels, please advise them against it. 
    The second source is something that can be easily found in the kitchens of the people living in cities. That is a non-stick pan with Teflon coating. Generally speaking, Teflon is safe. But when it is heated for more than 300°, the Teflon compound breaks down and harmful chemicals and gases are released. It is not very difficult to avoid this. If you have a Teflon pan, do not pre-heat it when it’s empty. Do not use it over extremely high heat. You can get its alternative, the ceramic pans which are not made of Teflon. The third source of indoor air pollution is your vacuum cleaner. Who would’ve thought? The machines that you use to clean your house are the ones who make it dirtier. 
    Many vacuum cleaners, especially the old ones, suck in the dirt, dust and bacteria from the floor, and throw it back into the air. This was discovered by Australian researchers in 2012. That some vacuums instead of making things cleaner, spread more dirt. The same logic is applicable for brooms as well. The dust in the ground is spread into the air by the brooms. Which might then go into the respiratory system of the people. Friends, the simple solution to avoid this is to use the latest vacuum cleaners which have the High-Efficiency Particulate Air filters. The HEPA filters. When you buy a vacuum cleaner check whether it has the HEPA filter or not. These filters apparently capture 99.9% of dirt, dust and bacteria. The fourth source is the chemicals present in your personal care products. 
    The air fresheners, perfumes, baby lotions and artificially scented candles which have synthetic fragrances in them. Synthetic fragrances are very harmful. There are petrochemicals in them. Benzene derivatives and Aldehydes which can cause cancer, birth defects and nervous disorders. The solution is very simple. Use such personal care products which do not have any synthetic fragrances. 
     The next source of indoor air pollution is paint. The paint that goes on the walls. You heard it right. Often, when the paint is wet. Many paints have VOCs which are very harmful to you. They may cause respiratory problems, headaches, nausea and your central nervous system may also be affected. Again, the solution is very simple. Use those paint companies which do not have VOCs. Or have minimal VOCs. Today, you will find many paint companies which sell VOC free paints. Second, when you get your walls painted, ensure that the windows remain open until the paint dries. And keep the paint cans tightly closed to prevent chemicals from leaking. 

    The next source of indoor air pollution is something very common. Unfortunately, it is not so easy to avoid it. Mosquito coils, candles and incense sticks. You heard it right, friends. The things which are heavily used in our day-to-day lives. Especially, the candles and incense sticks. You would’ve read about combustion in school, friends. There are 5 main types of combustion. Let’s focus on the first two. Incomplete combustion and Complete combustion. In incomplete combustion, the combustion process is not fully completed. It means that unburnt soot particles are released. 
    Combustion where the frame is of yellow colour. Like that in candles and incense sticks. And the blue frame is of complete combustion which is purer. Unburnt soot particles are not released. And fewer harmful gases are released. The logic is simple, friends. Whenever there is incomplete combustion, harmful gases will be released. Which are very harmful to your health. Not only candles and incense sticks, but also hookahs, cigarettes and wherever you find incomplete combustion. Obviously, in cigarettes and hookahs, there are many other harmful chemicals as well. 
    Which are even more harmful to your health. Friends, cigarette smoke not only affects the health of the person smoking but if smoked indoors, the health of all the people in that house is also affected. Because the smoke from the cigarette spreads all over the house. It’s called Second-Hand smoking. You might have already heard about this. But, friends, did you know that after Second-Hand smoking there’s also something called Third-Hand smoking. When the ash residue from smoking falls on the furniture it can stay there for many days and release harmful gases. 
    This third-hand smoking is as harmful as second-hand smoking according to several pieces of research. I talked about mosquito coils as well. They also release particulate matters. The solution here is that these things; mosquito coils, candles and incense sticks, avoid using them as much as you can. And when you have to use them, open the windows. Ensure proper ventilation. So that the air keeps moving and the smoke from them can go out of the house. 
    While talking about ventilation, always remember one thing, friends, ventilation is a very important weapon not only against indoor air pollution but also to fight against coronavirus. Several research papers have said that if you keep your house well ventilated, keep the windows and doors open regularly so that the air can pass through, it reduces the spread of coronavirus to a large extent inside your house. The chances of your being infected by coronavirus are reduced a lot. Many research papers have stated that the spread of coronavirus and its infection has been seen indoors mostly. 
    The infection rate outdoors is low. After ventilation, another important weapon is the sunlight. You might be amazed to know this, friends, that direct sunlight kills coronavirus. Not inside the human body but on the surfaces and in the air. When the direct sunlight falls on them. The scientists had previously assumed as such. But the latest research has proven that the intensity of killing coronavirus that direct sunlight has is 8 times as intense as was previously assumed. So open the doors and windows and let sunlight come in. Let it fall on your furniture and the floor and kill the germs and viruses.
     I hope that you would have learnt important and new things in this video. Share this video so that your friends and family can also get to know it. And get to safeguard their health. And can truly Stay Home and Stay Safe. 

    Goa Mollem Protests- The Fight Against Coal

    Hello everybody, Chances are that you don’t know about it because it is an issue that hasn’t been talked about much by our national media. For the last many months, thousands of people are protesting against a critical environmental issue, the Mollem National Park. 19th December is celebrated as the Goa Liberation Day because Indian government threw out Portuguese colonisers from Goa on this very day in 1961. So, on this occasion on 18th December, 2020, some protesters stood holding sign boards and wearing t-shirts that said “Save Mollem”. 

    Without any provocation, they did not even do anything…there even were some children there standing with their posters, Police detained them. So, let’s get to know why this entire protest is happening in the first place. In simple words, the government in the name of development wants to clear forests in an ecologically sensitive area without consulting the public. In this case, the ecologically sensitive area is the Bhagwan Mahavir Sanctuary and Mollem National Park, the pride of Goa. Spread across 240 sq kms, it is Goa’s largest protected area. It is one of the 8 hottest biodiversity hotspots in the world. 

    That means a high variety of plant and animal life is found here, the likes of which are found at very few places in the world. There are some great tourist attractions here as well such as the Dudhsagar Falls, Devil’s Canyon. There is a temple too so it is quite a popular destination for tourism as well. So, what is the development that the government wants to do here? There are three projects: one is a highway which the government wants to be four-lane, another one is a railway line and the third is a power transmission line. All these three projects are going through the middle of this wildlife sanctuary. Geographically, if you look at it on a map then these three projects will look this way. 

    A railway line is going from the lower region, highway is crossing from the middle and in the upper region is the power transmission line. So, for all the three projects, trees would be cut off. It has been estimated that about 20, 000 trees would be felled for the railway line, 40,000 for the highway and about 5,000 for the power transmission line In total, it is being estimated that 60,000-80,000 trees are to be felled. Now you will ask here, what’s the harm? Some trees will have to be felled for a little bit of development.

     These are three main problems First problem is that prior to approving these projects, the government did not do any assessment, did not follow proper procedure and did not even consult the public. In fact, two of three projects were approved during lockdown due to Covid 19. In the month of March, the National Board of Wildlife approved these projects through video conferencing. When the central government was asked how this was approved then they said that the state panel approved it therefore we approved it as well.

     News is that some 5-6 members of the state panel have alleged that they were not even consulted. In fact they did not even know that clearance had already been given. Omkaar Dharwaskar is naturalist who also attended the State Wildlife meeting has said that they have not given any approval in that meeting. This project was not approved. But the minutes of the meeting say exactly the opposite and the project was subsequently approved after being forwarded to the National Wildlife Board. 

    The second problem is that environmental activists and protesters believe that this is not only about a few trees but the entire Goa is being transformed into a coal hub. The extension of the railway line and the highway is not for the convenience of the public but rather for the convenience of big corporations. It is being done so that the transportation of coal is simpler. RTI activist and lawyer Savio Correia says that all three projects are part of the government’s Sagarmala project which was approved by the central government in 2016 for the development of Goa’s port. This project aims to develop Goa into a coal transportation corridor. Mormugao port is a port in South Goa and according to the projections of its trust, by 2030, they wish to import 51.6 million tonnes of coal for Adani group, JSW Group and Vedanta. The names of these groups have come up here although the Adani group denies it. 

    This is the reason, many protesters of Goa have pointed out Adani as well. If this railway will in fact be used to transport coal then remember one thing, the coal dust can travel up to 5-15 kms due to the wind and depending on the speed of the train. “-Coal is entering their houses, if you…-in what way? -You just have to ask them for tea and probably you will see that in the saucer and you see that in their kitchen … -There’s coal in their saucer? -Exactly! You see that in the kitchen, the living room. You can’t live in that house. Your children need nebulizers from morning to afternoon In the morning they start brooming, they collect coal in their house and by evening again… -black particles of dust… This coal dust is not only a threat to the environment but also for the fishing industry, agriculture, tourism as well as for the public. 

    If Goa really turns into a coal hub then think about it, would you want to go to Goa beaches as a tourist where you will find coal dust in the air? Perhaps this is the reason that in 2013 the then CM of Goa Manohar Parrikar rejected this railway line project in Goa. This is the reason friends that today the protesters stand with banners that say “Goyant Kollso Naka”. Forgive me if the pronunciation is not correct but it basically means that we don’t want coal in Goa. 

    The third problem is that if any railway line or highway goes through a wildlife sanctuary then it results in habitat fragmentation which can eventually lead to the extinction of many animal and bird species. Habitat fragmentation basically means that you split a big ecosystem in small pieces due to which animals are not able to interact from one piece to another. This usually happens whenever a highway goes through a wildlife sanctuary. Imagine, there is a squirrel species and it has only 50 members left because it is an endangered species. So, 50 squirrels live in a big forest but if a highway goes right through the middle of the forest then the forest will be divided into two. 

    Now, assume that 25 squirrels live on each side. Now animals living in each of these parts cannot go to the other part because of the highway. It is quite difficult for them to transfer from one side to another. The first problem arising out of this is that if the minimum number of any animal does not exist in any part then its entire species will become extinct due to inbreeding depression. You can search about inbreeding depression. It is quite an interesting thing. Secondly, any natural calamity or if any disease spreads that say results in the death of 23 out of 25 squirrels so it is not possible for that species to survive with so few animals. 

    This can happen in a big forest as well but if you start splitting the forest from the middle and making fragments of it, then the chances of it happening increase manifold. Overall, the highway and the railway line will split the wildlife sanctuary in three fragments This increases the chances of any animal extinction by three times. The public has expressed its protest through various means. There are different trends on social media on hand while there are protests on ground on the other hand. Even children have participated in these protests. More than 150 scientists have written letters to the government to tell them why this project should not go through. 

    The common public has even written emails to the government as to why this project must not be executed. If you want to see the latest updates on this protest on twitter then you can follow this account “Save Mollem campaign”. I will attach the link in the description below. Goa’s youth also wrote letters to their respective MLAs in order to pressurize the government. What was the government’s response regarding all of this? What would you expect? Think about it, what would be the government’s response in such cases? If you are thinking that the way the government responded to the farmers’ protest, they would respond the same way here as well then you are right. Because the government has said that all protests are funded by the opposition and all these protesters are misled. 

    The famous leaders of this protest have been booked under several FIRs, detained and like I mentioned in the beginning, even children have been detained by the government. But fortunately, the good news is that the High Court has stayed at least one of the three projects. On 8th December, the High Court stayed the power transmission line project. But for the rest of the two projects, the government can still execute. This is why it is important to raise a voice regarding this, whichever way you can do it. If you live in Goa, you can join the protesters.

     If you are not living in Goa then you can raise your voice on social media by using #SaveMollem Share this video with as many people as you can so that the voice raised reaches the government and pressurizes them to stop these projects for the sake of climate and the public. The good news is that when the public raises a voice then it does create pressure on the government. Remember the Aarey forest case; the final end result has been a positive one. As soon as Uddhav Thackeray was made the CM, he took a decision in favour of Aarey forest by moving the metro rail project elsewhere and saving the Aarey forest. 

    Third Wave of Coronavirus – Delta Plus Variant in India

     Hello everyone,  Talking about Coronavirus, there is an uproar in the world because of the Delta variant. America and European countries are worried that the Delta variant will cause the next wave of Covid. On the other hand, people in India are worried that there might be a third wave because of the Delta Plus variant. What is this Delta Plus variant? And when can this third wave happen? Come, let’s try to find out in today’s video. Friends, what’s special about the mutations is that it happens in every living being. Whether it’s a human, animal, plant, tree, or even a virus. 

    Mutations accompany reproduction. A person’s DNA, when you have children, and the DNA is transferred, then from one generation to the next, on average there are 100-200 mutations in the DNA. Most of the mutations are harmless, can’t be seen and neither can their effects be felt. Same with viruses. Thousands of mutations take place in the Covid virus. Most of them do not bother us. But at times there are such mutations that make the virus more transmissible. So that the virus can spread easier. And at times there are such mutations that make the virus more deadly. 

    WHO or the World Health Organization keeps a track of the dangerous mutations of Coronavirus. WHO has classified these mutations into two categories. The first category is ‘Variants of Interest’. And the second category is ‘Variants of Concern’. Broadly speaking, Variants of Interest will include those coronavirus variants that have been detected in multiple countries. And which have high transmissibility. Meaning that they spread easily. As compared to the original virus. On the other hand, the variants of concern include those coronavirus variants that has not only high transmissibility not only do they spread more easily, but the disease caused by them is much more severe. And the effectiveness of the vaccines on these variants is lesser than compared to the original virus. Currently, WHO has put four variants in the Variant of Concern category. Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta. The Alpha variant was called the UK variant initially. Because it was first found in the UK. Similarly, the Beta variant was found in South Africa. Gamma in Brazil. And the Delta variant was first discovered in India. That’s why it was also called the Indian variant initially. 

    Later, people protested as to why they were named after countries. When the original virus came from China, we did not name it the Wuhan virus or the China virus. So why are the names of the variants based on the countries they’re found in? So WHO reacted to this. And then WHO decided to rename them to Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta. The strain of the Delta variant was first found in October 2020 in India. This was the cause of the second wave in India. Today, the Delta variant has spread to over 80 countries. Its transmissibility is extremely high. Meaning it spreads really easily. Before moving forward, I should clarify one thing. Discovering a variant in a country is merely a matter of chance. No country can be blamed for anything. 

    Because as I said, the virus is going through thousands of mutations. Which mutation will turn out to be more dangerous or more transmissible is all up to chance. Including where the mutation will be found. In extremely mathematical terms, studies have shown that the Delta variant is 60% more transmissible than the Alpha variant. And the Alpha variant was 50% more transmissible than the original strain found in Wuhan in 2019. So you can imagine how much more infectious it is than the original. Generally, when viruses mutate and become more transmissible, they become less deadly as well. I explained it in detail using this chart in a previous video. But there can be some rare cases where the virus becomes more transmissible and more deadly after the mutation. 

    But at the same time, I’d like to say that there has been no conclusive research yet that shows that the Delta variant is, for sure, more deadly or more dangerous. A study conducted in the UK has said that because of the Delta variant, the risk of hospitalization doubles. As compared to the Alpha variant. But does getting hospitalised mean that it is more deadly? It cannot be conclusively said yet. It may also happen that this variant is not more deadly. But because it is so highly transmissible, it spread among so many people in such little time. So the death rate peaked a lot in that short time. 

    As compared to the same number of deaths in a longer time period. Do you understand what I’m trying to say here? If transmissibility is so high, it becomes more difficult to ascertain if it is really more deadly or not. Many factors need to be considered here. Another interesting thing to know is that the symptoms of the Delta variant are a little different than the original Covid-19 symptoms. Originally, a runny nose was not made out to be one of the major symptoms. But recently, a study has been conducted in the UK when people self-reported their symptoms. It was found that among the symptoms of the Delta variant, runny nose features prominently in the list of symptoms. Headache, runny nose, cold, sore throat, were the top symptoms. So the symptoms of the Delta variant are very similar to the symptoms of the common cold. Loss of smell. 

    Not being able to smell things properly. Was a major symptom in the original strain of Covid-19. But for the Delta variant, it ranked 9th in the UK study. The good news regarding the vaccines is that according to the data available till now, almost all the vaccines are definitely effective against the Delta variant. Pfizer vaccine, AstraZeneca’s Covishield vaccine and the others have shown that they are more than 90% effective in preventing hospitalization and death. If you catch the Delta Variant after taking both doses. The only trouble here, though marginal, is that the effectiveness of the vaccines in preventing symptoms has reduced. Like AstraZeneca’s Covishield’s effectivity in preventing symptoms against the Delta variant remains at only 60% after taking both doses.

     Though Pfizer’s vaccine is still showing an effectiveness of 88% in it too. Now, the Delta variant is no longer a major concern for India. But now we get to hear about a mutation named Delta Plus in the news. The Indian government has declared the Delta variant as a Variant of Concern. And some people believe that there will a third wave in India because of the Delta Plus variant. The limited research conducted till now regarding it has found that the Delta Plus variant is 60% more transmissible than the Delta variant. And it is highly resistant against some drugs. But the reality is that friends, we don’t honestly know much about it. It is important to note that the World Health Organization has not declared it a Variant of Concern yet. 

    Even though the Indian government has done so. Indian Council of Medical Research ICMR says that it is too soon to tell if there will be a third wave because of the Delta Plus variant. So it seems a bit unlikely that that there will be a third wave because of the Delta Plus variant. But still, the experts believe that there is a very high chance that there will be a third wave in India. The gap between two waves is said to be generally of 15-16 weeks in an epidemic. 

    A Reuters poll of 40 medical experts was conducted with the conclusion that the experts said that a third wave is inevitable. There will definitely be a third wave. And they believe that the third wave will come around October of this year. On the other hand, AIIMS Director Randeep Guleria says that the third wave may come in the next 6 to 8 weeks. If people stop wearing masks and stop following social distancing. But there are some experts like Dr N.K. Arora Dr N.K. Arora is the Chief of the Centre’s Covid-19 Working Group, he says that the third wave of Coronavirus will not happen before December of this year. So there are estimations from October to December by the doctors and experts. 

    This is just the time. But if we’re to talk about the severity, How dangerous can the third wave be? A report of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research has stated that it is very likely that the third wave will not be as severe as the second wave was. It may be less disastrous than that. But does that mean that we can relax because there’s nothing to worry about? No, it doesn’t mean this. Because take an example of South Africa. The first wave in South Africa was because of the original Coronavirus. Look at this chart. And then the second wave happened because of the Beta variant that was found in South Africa. And now the third wave is happening because of the Delta variant. And the third and second waves seem equally dangerous. And they’ve spread so rapidly. Experts believe that their government is to be blamed for not planning things properly and because of the inefficient vaccine rollout.

     As of today, less than 5% of people have been vaccinated in their country. Had more people been vaccinated, then the Delta variant wouldn’t have caused havoc. Take Israel’s example. 60% of its population has been vaccinated. When the Delta variant reached Israel, the government definitely took some measures. Some people were infected. But hospitalization and deaths are still negligible in Israel. Friends, the good news is that in recent times, the vaccination rate in India has increased very well. Recently, India broke the record of vaccinating more than 8 million people in a day. 

    That’s an amazing feat. The sooner the vaccinations are administered, the sooner people are vaccinated, we will have a better chance of beating the third wave. But the unfortunate thing is that this speed of vaccination may still not be enough. To completely avoid the third wave. The government aims that by the end of the year, the entire adult population of India will be vaccinated. But on this graph, you can see that we are, unfortunately, not on the track to achieve this. At an individual level, there is only one sure-shot, long-term solution of being protected from the third wave. And that is to get vaccinated as soon as you get the chance to. 

    Today, as a matter of fact, I got my vaccine. I got the chance to get it today. Because it’s possible that the Delta Plus variant does not cause the third wave. But remember, there are thousands of mutations in this virus every day. Someday, a mutation may crop up, that is more transmissible and more deadly and can bring forth the third wave. That’s why the vaccine is the best chance we have to be safe from it. I hope you found this video informative. Thank you very much.

    What is Capitalism? – How does Money make Money

     Hello everyone, The word ‘Capitalism’ comes from the word Capital which means Money. Or any type of wealth. Whether you have houses, cars on land, they are your capital. In the last video, I gave you the basic definition of Communism. It is a society where every person works according to his ability and receives according to his needs. If we have to define Capitalism similarly, Capitalism is a society where “from each according to his ability, To each according to his capital.” 

    A society where every person works according to his ability but they get returns according to their capital. The person with the most capital will get the most profit. After knowing the definition you’d ask me: “What kind of a society is this?” “Where a person who has more money will get more money.” You heard it right, friends. I’ll talk about the exact workings later in the video. Basically, Capitalism is an ideology that promotes privatisation where the means of production like land, fields, factories, and industries, are owned by private individuals. 

    In Communism they were owned by the public, everyone owned these. Similar to Communism, Capitalism is a very broad term and ideology. Where there are many subsections of ideologies with differences among them. But if you look at it broadly, there are a few things that are common in all the types. First is the Privatisation. Second, minimal interference by the Government. Most Capitalists believe that the Government has no business to be in business. This dialogue has been used by our Government recently. The third is the Free Market and Competition. and Fourth is something that is easily seen in a capitalist society, “Money Begets Money.” 

    Money is earned through Money. I’ll explain this later. First, let’s talk about the history of Capitalism. The oldest example of Capitalism is Feudalism. This can be called the primitive form of capitalism. This was around the 10th century when landlords occupied land, and the farmers and labourers who worked on the land, worked tirelessly to grow crops. But all the profits from the land, was used to be taken by the landlords, and the farmers hardly earned enough to get by. You may wonder how this is an example of capitalism. The land was owned by an individual, the landlord. And to whom did most of the profit from the land go? The Landlord. Capitalism works similarly today. 

    Whatever you do at whichever company, suppose you’re an employee at Apple, you work the whole day and get a monthly salary in return. But the company earns profits. Where does the profit go? It doesn’t go to you It goes to the owner of the company. Obviously, there are differences. Today you get workers’ rights and minimum wages and are not exploited, in most of the cases Who is the owner of this Apple company? That person who holds the most number of shares of the company. Even you can become the owner of the company through the share market. 

    If you buy some shares Apple, any profits earned by it, you will get a part of. Because you are also an owner of a portion. We live in such a capitalist society today. An employee works in a company for a monthly salary and the profit earned by the company will be distributed among such people who don’t even know the day to day working of the company. You can earn the profit of the company by doing nothing if you invest in the company. And who can invest? Someone who already has the money. As I said, money makes money. 

    One with the most money in a capitalist world can make more money easily by investing in such companies and taking their profits. Modern Capitalism started in the 16th-17th century in Britain and Netherlands. The first stock exchange of the world was the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, and the first company to be listed was the Dutch East India Company in 1602. Like there’s Karl Marx for Communism, similarly there’s Adam Smith for Capitalism. Known as the Father of Capitalism. In 1776 he wrote the book The Wealth of Nations. In the book, he talked about a policy Laissez-Faire. It is a French word that literally means ‘leave alone.’ That government should leave the economy alone and should not interfere. From here Free Market Capitalism started. Suppose you want to open a pizzeria and so does your neighbour. 

    If a third person does not interfere between the two, there will be a very interesting and fair competition between you. About who can make the better pizza and sell it at a lower rate. Both of you will try to compete with each other and start experimenting. Trying to improve the quality of the pizza. Because of this competition, both of you will innovate and think of new ways. About how the pizza can be improved and sold at a lower price. In the opinion of Adam Smith, this competition was the invisible hand of the free market. Where no one is forcing you to make a better pizza, but the market situation is forcing you to innovate to make a better pizza. You are working only for your self-interest. You want your restaurant to grow and earn more profit and to perform better than your neighbour. 

    But your working in your self-interest is also benefiting others. It is also in the interest of society that you work for your self-interest. This is the philosophy of Adam Smith. To increase the efficiency of your pizzeria you’d eventually realise that doing everything yourself was not smart. If you start taking orders yourself and making the pizza, it’ll take a lot of time. It would be better to hire a few people. One to take the orders at the front desk. One who’ll make the pizza and buy ingredients for it. One who will put the toppings on the pizza and put it in the oven. And one whose work would be to deliver the pizza. 

    This is the Division of Labour. Every person is specialising in his work and because of the specialisation, productivity and efficiency increase rapidly. Adam Smith talked about this as well. This is one of the major reasons for the success of Capitalism across the world. Everyone realised that if they want to work in a better manner at a better speed, division of labour and specialization is necessary. Take Apple company, if a person wants to build an iPhone, it will take him years. but if there is an assembly line of workers to manufacture these iPhones, where the first person would fit the screen the second will fit the screws, then the assembly line will be able to manufacture numerous iPhones in a day. 

    By implementing these ideas Industrial Revolution began. Where large factories were established; but what happened then? I talked but that in the Communism video. The workers were forced to work for hours in terrible conditions. They were getting exploited and eventually communist ideologies started. After hearing this you’d think that Karl Marx and Adam Smith would be sworn Enemies. But this wasn’t so, in reality, Karl Marx has written a book Das Kapital, where he agreed on many viewpoints of Adam Smith. There were definite disagreements between them but it can be said that they were looking at the same situation from different perspectives. 

    On one hand, Adam Smith focuses on productivity and efficiency, On the other hand, Karl Marx agrees that productivity and efficiency would indeed increase but his focus is on an individual. He says that a worker would start feeling alienated if he works on repetitive tasks. To do the same for hours and years on end. The worker would not be proud of his work. He would question the purpose of his life. Seeing himself as only a small gear in a piece of large machinery. Karl Marx believed that specialisation would make workers more easily replaceable, and the capitalist would get more power to exploit the workers. The ideas of Karl Marx and Adam Smith are two perspectives of the same situation. Remember that both of them were born in different eras. Adam Smith died in 1790 and Karl Marx was born in 1818. 1790 was a time when the Industrial Revolution had just begun. And Karl Marx grew up seeing the workers being exploited in the factories. 

    Maybe if they lived in the same era, their opinions would have agreed. Moving ahead in history, we know that Communism was first implemented in the Soviet Union. When it comes to the implementation of capitalism, in 1902 a significant incident happened. Three large steel companies in the USA, Carnegie Steel, Federal Steel and National Steel, merged together to become The US Steel. This was the first billion-dollar corporation in the world. Elbert H Gary was the chairperson of the company. And in the first year, it manufactured 2/3rd of the total steel manufactured in the US. But there remained some competition in the steel industry. 

    So Garry invited all his competitors for a dinner and asked them why they were fighting amongst themselves while someone else was benefitting from their competition. He suggested that they work together and stop competitive pricing. This was how the first billion-dollar company in the world became a monopoly. According to the theory of Adam Smith, the Invisible hand of the free market was supposed to work and set things right. but in reality, this did not happen. Whenever there’s a monopoly for anything or a company, it is terrible for the consumers. Imagine you are stranded in a village late at night, waiting for a taxi. And the nearest city is 100-200 km away.

     But there is only one taxi. You ask the taxi driver to take you to the city, While he charges ₹500 for the distance normally, but he tells you that he would charge you ₹50,000 for taking you. You will not have any option. The taxi driver will have a monopoly here. You are stuck in a situation where the only way out is to, either give in or remain stuck there. You are forced to pay that sum. This extra amount is known as profit in Capitalism. In Das Kapital, Karl Marx talks about this theory, the Theory of Surplus Value. If I run a company that manufactures a product, and you are an employee working in the company that actually makes the product, Suppose I earn a profit of ₹80,000 by selling that product, but I pay ₹8,000 to you as salary.

     The ₹72,000 that we put call profit, Karl Marx called Surplus Value. All the surplus value and profits are taken away by me and you get only a salary. This is often seen in Capitalism. There can be many examples for this. A trader that buys products very cheap from the farmer and sells it at a much higher price The profit or surplus value is taken by the trader. A scientist discovers the formula for a vaccine, but in reality, the pharma companies selling that vaccine get the most profits. A singer that actually sings the song, but it is the music label that takes most of the profit. 

    According to Karl Marx, this is a system where everyone is trying to climb a ladder to stop being exploited, but as soon as they reach the top they would start exploiting others. A system where work is not rewarded but money is. If you have the money to establish a company and employ people, you can take away the maximum profits. But obviously, not every company is like this, not every company owner is like this that’d keep on exploiting the employees. In contrast to the companies owned by private individuals are Joint Cooperative Companies such as Amul. More than 36 lakh of farmers are joint owners of Amul Co-operative. This is not a company listed on the stock market. You and I cannot invest our capital in Amul company. The profit earned by Amul and its benefits is distributed among these farmers that have created this company together. 

    But obviously, to make such cooperative, one person has to take the lead. In the case of Amul, it was Tribhuvandas Patel who set up the Cooperative in 1946. Under the guidance of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Regarding this there was a film as well called Manthan. It was the first crowd-funded film in India. More than 5 lakh farmers working in Amul contributed ₹2 each to make this film. Anyways, I got too diverted in the story. Coming back to the history of Capitalism, in 1929, capitalism received a huge shock when the stock market crashed terribly and a Great Depression started. The recession has been a very regular feature in Capitalism. 

    There were large scale unemployment and poverty in the USA because of this. At this point entered the revolutionary economist Keynes, who altered the history of Capitalism. He believed that the Invisible Hand of the free market does not actually exist. In reality, if the free market is left free, it will lead to depression, recession, monopolies. The theory of Keynes was that governments should interfere and regulate the companies. Small companies should be subsidized, and big companies should be prevented from getting monopolies, there should be strict rules and regulations in place. 

    In the decades that followed Keynes, countries all over the world took inspiration from him and implemented a model of Capitalism where rules and regulations existed. The next big shock to Capitalism was in the 1980s when Ronald Reagan in the USA and Margaret Thatcher in the UK reintroduced the free market of Adam Smith to the world. The capitalism implemented in these two countries is known as Neoliberalism. 

    The basic foundational idea is of Adam Smith that government should not interfere in the market and market share run itself, and there exists an invisible free hand of the market, The current status is that in the last 40 years, in many countries of the world, especially the USA, we have seen Neoliberalism being implemented. Because of this inequalities have been rising significantly in the US. The rich are getting richer and the poor are not able to improve their situation. The big companies are starting to become monopolies. 

    Can We Live Without Smartphones?

    During the past two decades, phones have undergone a rapid transformation. We have witnessed a shift from bulky and less featured basic phones to light and compact smartphones with added functionalities. There has been the addition of several new applications and features which make smarthphones an irreplaceable aspect of our lives.

    With this a term called Nomophobia – No Mobile Phobia, came into existence, which is the fear of being without mobile phone. And this modern day phobia is more prominent among the newer generation people who were brought up with this device.

    A study was conducted on a group of 76 college students ranging in age from 18 to 22.They were barred from eating for three hours and had no access to their smartphones for two hours. After that, It was found out that the students were more tempted to use their smartphones instead of eating. And that definitely is shocking!

    Let’s look out at some of the features which makes smartphones such a vital part of our day to day lives. Probably then we’ll be able to find out whether we can live without smartphones or not. 

    The Standout Features Of A Present-Day Smartphone

    MAPS


    The Navigation feature at times proves to be one of the most useful features of a smartphone. No matter where you are stuck, your smartphone will be able to guide you to your destination or your home. 

    SOCIAL MEDIA

    The present generation has become a lot obsessed with social media/social connectivity apps like Whatsapp, Instagram, Facebook etc. People thrive on social media and it is just as important to them as food, water and shelter. Striving for the social acceptance of others, social media apps let you connect with your friends and their friends as well.

    CAMERA

    Social Media is incomplete without the camera thing. Had cameras not come into existence there would have been no way you could update the world about what you are doing via pictures. While some people prefer clicking pictures of people (which mostly include selfies), others prefer to try and capture the beauty in nature or everyday objects.

    ONLINE SHOPPING

    This is yet another popular utility of smartphones. It is lot comfortable for people to use their smartphones to shop for things and get them delivered at their doorsteps instead of going into stalls and shops to buy goods and ask for services to be rendered.

    ENTERTAINMENT APPS

    Smartphones are quite often used for entertainment purposes like playing games , listening to music, watching movies or web series etc.

    However the people have become a lot dependent on smartphones, and sometimes the passion for smartphones leads to addiction. According to a recent study conducted in UK it was found that 77% of the 18-24 age group people felt uncomfortable after being separated from their phones even for few minutes.

    There are various diverse symptoms of smartphone addiction, few of them being the feeling of being left out or cutt-off or feeling stressed or incomplete without smartphones. People develop a compulsion to check for notifications,messages etc. They start using their phones at inappropriate places and even sleep with thier smartphone. Seeing all this, it seems that nowadays we cannot live without smartphones.

    So, Can We Live Without Smartphones?

    Well the answer to this is Yes, We can! Even before the smartphones came into existence people used to spend their lives quite happily. And now when they have come into existence, it wouldn’t be right to completely barr oneself from it and not benefit from the utilities and features that they offer.

    So instead of asking whether we can live with or without smartphones, we should probably focus on how to live with it.

    Certainly there are some people who might develop addiction towards smartphone usage but the best way to curb that is not the complete avoidance of this useful technology. Instead we should figure out ways to efficiently use this technology when we want to, and not the opposite. Disabling unwanted notifications and setting a limit on not so productive applications like social media would be of great help.

    The role of physical education in the school system


    The number of non-educational activities that children do in India has increased over the last few years. With rising incomes, the proliferation of places selling junk food, and the easy availability of non-academic activities, children are spending less time keeping themselves healthy. Add to this the proliferation of mobiles, TV, and computers and you know why children are no longer keen on health.

    The answer to this is physical education in schools in India as it plays a very consequential role in keeping children fit and active. Physical education helps in developing students’ competence and confidence. It helps them to take part in a wide range of physical activities that are crucial to their lives—both in and out of school.

    A high-quality physical education program enables all students to enjoy and succeed in many kinds of physical activities. The importance of physical education programs is to help students to develop a wide range of skills as well as gives them the ability to use tactics, strategies, and newer ideas to perform successfully both at home and school.

    Benefits of Physical Education

    1.Teaches Ethical Traits



    The first benefit of physical education is that it teaches ethical traits that students need to thrive in this competitive world. The main ethics that they learn from physical education are perseverance and work ethics. Whether in physical education or sports, disputes often arise and only ethics and perseverance from the players can reduce the disputes.

    2.Physical Fitness



    Physical fitness is the key ingredient for a healthy lifestyle. This is why physical education is an important element in most schools. When students have regular fitness activities as part of their daily regimen,  they stay fit and healthy. Regular physical activities daily help in better absorption of nutrients in the body and also helps in improving cardiovascular health and developing muscular strength.

    3.Improvement in Academic Performance



    One of the advantages of physical education is that it helps in improving the academic performance of the students. Most physical activities that students do in schools are related to higher levels of concentration which in turn help with better behaviours. Physical activities and sports activities help in boosting the knowledge learned in the classroom.

    4.Social Interaction



    Apart from the classroom, physical education is the only time when students can meet and interact with their classmates and other schoolmates. It helps improve their social behaviour. During the physical education class, they learn to cooperate through various group activities and get a sense of identity from each other as well as of the team. These social activities continue to play an important role in the growth of a student into a better professional. For instance, sports is one of the best sources to instil team building, leadership, and management skills in them.

    5.Reduces Stress



    There’s immense academic pressure on kids lately. Most schools give importance to core subjects and students are under tremendous pressure to perform better in these subjects. Even after spending several hours in school, they have to work on homework at home and this leaves them with little time to do anything else. And because children spend a lot of hours on academics, this leads to a lot of mental and physical pressure. Physical activity can help take some of those stress and anxiety away. It can also lead to emotional resilience and stability.

    CONCLUSION

    Many schools have made physical education an essential part of their education program because they know that physical education plays a key role in the development of a student’s life. This is because of the fact students who participate in physical activities are always happier and healthier than those students that spend all their time studying. It has been known physical activities help in providing more oxygen to the heart and brain and allows the body to maintain a balance between physical and mental health.

    Schools should consider several factors in the development of physical activities and one of those is the age of the student. Schools need to have age-appropriate physical education programs for students. Schools should be aware of the importance of physical education and have a healthy mix of academic, non-academic, and physical education activities for the holistic growth of the children.

    Facts that will make you Uncomfortable

    • YOUR SKELETON IS WET
    • WE HAVE EXPLORED LESS THAN 5%MOF THE OCEAN
    • THE CHANCE OF YOU DYING ON YOUR BIRTHDAY IS 6.7% HIGHER THAN OTHER DAYS
    • BLOOD CAN BE SUBSTITUTED FOR EGGS IN BAKING
    • YOU HAVE MOST LIKELY ESCAPED DEATH IN YOUR LIFE SEVERAL TIMES ALREADY
    • WASPS CAN REMEMBER PEOPLE’S FACES
    • THEAVERAGE PERSON FORMS 400 FREINDSHIPS BUT ONLY 33 WILL LAST
    • SOME SPECIES OF OCTOPUS EAT THEIR ARMS WHEN THEY ARE BORE
    • ANCIENT ROMANS USED URINE AS A MOUTHWASH
    • THE AVERAGE PERSON WALKS BY 16 MURDERERS IN THEIR LIFETIME
    • YOUR BELLY BUTTON WAS YOUR MOUTH
    • YOU HAVE NO IDEA HOW YOU HAVE FORGOTTEN
    • A LION’S TONGUE IS SO ROUGH IT CAN LICK YOUR SKIN OFF
    • YOU ARE MOST LIKELY TO BE KILLED BY A COW THAN A SHARK
    • THERE ARE COLOURS HUMANS CAN’T SEE OR EVEN IMAGINE
    • RED DYE IN CANDIES IS OFTEN MADE WITH CRUSHED UP BEETLES
    • RIGHT THIS MOMENT, YOU ARE THE YOUNGEST AND OLDEST YOU’LL EVER BE
    • A DEAD BODY CAN SWELL AND DOUBLE IN SIZE DUE TO A BUILD UP OF GASES DURING DECOMPOSTION
    • THERE ARE TINY BUGS THAT LIVE ON YOUR FACE AND EAT DEAD SKIN OFF OF IT
    • YOU JERK YOURSELF AWAKE WHILE SLEEPING BEACUSE YOUR BODY THINKS IT IS DEAD; YOUR BRAIN IS CHECKING IF YOU ARE ALIVE

    WATER POLLUTION

    Water pollution is a global problem, affecting every continent and occurring in every type of ecosystem. It can be caused by industrial, agricultural and sewage systems, as well as by natural processes.

    Water pollution does not respect political boundaries (or rivers), and can be managed at the international, national and local level. Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or microorganisms that contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment. Water pollution can come from a number of different sources. If the pollution comes from a single source, such as an oil spill, it is called point-source pollution. If the pollution comes from many sources, it is called nonpoint-source pollution. Most types of pollution affect the immediate area surrounding the source. Sometimes the pollution may affect the environment hundreds of miles away from the source, such as nuclear waste, this is called transboundary pollution.

    550+ Water Pollution Pictures | Download Free Images on Unsplash

    Water pollution is estimated to cause over 4 billion lost human lives per year. The global costs of water pollution exceed more than $1 trillion per year, making it the most costly environmental health hazard.Globally more than 2.5 billion people lack adequate drinking water, and another 1.8 billion lack adequate sanitation. More than 40% of the world’s population lives in water-stressed areas. The majority of this population lives in developing countries. In developing countries, water pollution is almost wholly due to point source pollution. The majority of the global burden of disease, injury, and premature mortality is estimated to be due to diseases caused by contaminated drinking water, sanitation, and unsafe sewage. Such major pollution events account for about 40 percent of the world’s total estimated disease burden.

    It is well known that there are a number of ways in which water pollution can occur.

    TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION

    • Industrial water pollution results when materials that are harmful to humans or the environment are dumped into water. Often industry will be negligent in ensuring that harmful wastes are managed safely.
    • Agricultural pollution derives from the discharge of chemicals to increase crop yields, or pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers to grow food.
    • Wastewater pollution results from the discharge of human waste, sewage and industrial wastewater.
    • Nonpoint or diffuse pollution is pollution that occurs when substances diffuse into the water from a variety of sources.
    • Point source pollution is the damaging flow of a substance that originates from a single location that can be easily identified, contained or cleaned up.
    Water Pollution: The Invisible Threat The World Is Ignoring

    EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

    • Virtually all types of water pollution are harmful to the health of humans and animals. Water pollution may not damage our health immediately but can be harmful after long term exposure.
    •  Heavy metals from industrial processes are toxic to marine life such as fish and subsequently to the humans who eat them.They can cause immune suppression, reproductive failure or acute poisoning.
    • Microbial water pollution is a major problem in the developing world, with diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever being the primary cause of infant mortality.
    Water pollution - latest news, breaking stories and comment - The Independent

    These are just few effects of water pollution. If you wanna know more do research and know about it.

    There are many ways to prevent water pollution and to avoid contaminating the water. Yes, there are various treatment plans to treat polluted water. For example, Sewage treatment plans, denitrification etc. The one thing we can do with the waste water is, Kitchen water can be directed to garden to save water as well as pollution. The things I said today are limited but there are many meaning in it. Hope you know more about it.

    Top 6 Causes of Water Pollution and How to Reduce the Risks
    SAVE WATER; SAVE LIFE

    Read more;

    Cracking the Interview Using ATS Resume?

     

    Selection of Resume



    Job searching is indeed a hard task.
    Let’s get real.

     

    You have great CGPA in college, you
    did your graduation with flying colors, you made cool projects, and also earned
    online course certificates. And with huge expectations you are applying to that
    online job opening in your favorite Company, for days, weeks, and months…., and
    what you get is stone-cold rejection!  


    You must remember that you are
    applying for a job along with millions of job seekers aka your competitors, for the same position, for the same Company,
    and with same qualifications as yours. This is the part of job seeking phase
    where we start questioning our abilities and toss your certificates out of the
    window. With no success in view, you have two options: lose all hopes in
    humanity or change your job hunting strategy.

    And the best time to change your
    strategy is now!


    The Initial phase of job rejection: RESUME.

    Have you ever received any friend
    request from an unknown person, and you immediately hit ‘reject’? Yes you have.
    We choose not to waste our time knowing anything more about an unknown person,
    just because we don’t like his ‘Profile’. Your resume is your academic profile.
    The recruiters are out of time for most of the time, they have meetings,
    deadlines, interviews, and what not. And your resume just has 5 to 7 seconds to
    make you visible to them. All the rest will be discarded without a second
    thought.

     

    The pandemic has captured businesses
    into your mobile. The unemployment has been the reason for exodus of resources
    in search of better career. Loads of resume get flooded in the single company
    for a single job opening. Imagine analyzing thousands of resumes in a day.


    The recruiters of giant techs do not have all
    day to screen your well-designed resume. They just toss your resume
    away…..not in trash……… but in ATS.     

     

    ATS, What’s that?

    Applicant tracking system or ATS is document
    screening software that analyze your resume in 2-3 seconds. This eliminates the
    load of applications that the recruiters are looking for and give opportunity
    to the best. ATS converts your well-designed resume into a text file then looks
    for the keywords, sections, and skills that your recruiters are looking for. To
    crack this phase you would have to make your resume ATS friendly.


    ATS optimized resumes go to the final
    decision phase, the HR. Saying that you would get selected or rejected because
    you have ATS resume is half-truth. ATS is just filter that picks out candidates
    with selective skills with non-relevant ones.


    Public Sectors could use the ATS that
    would be efficient to choose the right candidates, rather than accepting hundreds
    of applications from PhD holders to fill a peon’s position. Like seriously.   


    Not all recruiters use ATS

    There are chances that your regional
    recruiter expects well-structured resume that used best tools out there,
    including tables, graphics, fonts and all.


    You do not need to strictly comply
    with ATS template. Your resume must fit the job requirement as much as your
    recruiter’s scope. Every resume must be optimized with the area you want to
    work. You would not require taking a minimally designed resume to the graphic
    design position. Moreover, local companies do not really mind reading your
    resume, as they do not have enough application to screen.


    But bigger companies that use ATS do
    not require these. ATS, a software, is really not interested in the creativity.
    It reads text and might have problem reading fancy texts and graphics. So
    before applying for any position do read the requirements if the company needs
    ATS resume or not.


    Writing a proper resume increases your
    chance of getting hired. ATS or not, it all depends on the position and company you are applying for. After all, your resume must reflect your merit,
    excellence, capability, and the true YOU.