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How to prepare for a technical interview | 6 Topics to prepare for your Interview

How to prepare for a technical interview

How to prepare for a technical interview which will help you to get placed? The syllabus of computer science is very vast in that case Preparation tips for Technical Interviews will definitely help you to focus on the target topics. It is impossible to cover every topic in depth especially when you have less time left for the interview. If you start covering everything little by little and with the correct strategy, you can gain what most students can lack.

Please take reference fromhttps://www.freecodecamp.org/news/interviewing-prep-tips-and-tricks/

Qualifying technical round is not tough and if done with proper planning, everything can be achieved. Let us look at the most important topics:

6 Topics to prepare for your Interview:

Interview Image

  1. C- Programming:

C-Programming is a very basic programming language to start coding.  Mostly it is taught in 1st year of your college. It can be an advantage if you have already covered this language during your schooling and then college provides you enough time to revise the topics. But if you are doing it for that first time do not worry it is still not late to get started with C programming.

 

Where should you start learning C programming:

I myself started learning C programming when I took admission in an engineering college, and this is how I started:

  • C programming tutorials on Naresh IT channel with instructor Shriniwas on Youtube.
  • C programming with Sourabh Shukla on Youtube.
  • Many practice question sites are better, to begin with.
  • Online portals like Sololearn, Geekforgeek are awesome with their educational material.

These resources really helped me, and I will be glad if you too can be helped with these.

C Programming Interview questions: 

  • Chances of mostly tricky questions to check how and what logic will you apply for the real-world problem.
  • Don’t forget to revise basic concepts and all the definitions, the inventor name, loop, if-else, pointers, strings, recursion, and application along with Tower of Hanoi problems.
  • Also, check for Interview Questions in C https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/cprogramming_interview_questions.htm

  1. Data Structures:

    1. This is the most important area where you can expect a guaranteed question,
    2. Algorithms like Sorting, Time and Space Complexities of algorithms.
    3. Dynamic Allocation of Memoryusing malloc( ) and calloc( ) functions.
    4. Tree traversals
    5. Stacks and Queues and their operations and applications.
    6. Linked lists and their Operations performed(ex: insertion, deletion, searching).

Algorithms:

  1. Dynamic Programming and usage of it in various problem statements. (ex: Travelling salesperson,0/1 Knapsack, etc).
  2. Calculation of Time and Space Complexitiesof algorithms.
  3. Sorting
  4. Databases:

Mainly DBMS is taught in the 2nd year or after they cover C Programming & Data Structure. SQL (or Oracle) will help you to generate a large database along with queries.

What topics are important in DBMS:

  • DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL commands.
  • SQL constraints like JOIN, NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK.
  • NORMALIZATION (1 NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF, 5NF)
  • All the keys: primary key, candidate key, super key, and foreign key.
  • Transaction and its types i.e ACID properties.
  • Also, don’t forget to cover the basic interview question of DBMS from google and you can cover them from the trusted education websites.

 

  1. Computer Networks:

  • Also called Data Communications. Pure theoretical topics which discuss many networking techniques.
  • OSI model and TCP/IP models.
  • IPV4, IPV6, TCP, UDP, Routers, Modems, knowledge about.

 

  1. Operating Systems:

This could increase your confidence as most of the Operating system topics are theoretical and you can easily cover them all by hand in less than a week.

  • The basic definition of OS, advantages, application, types, etc.
  • All scheduling algorithms PROCESS and CPU scheduling algorithms.
  • MEMORY MANAGEMENT
  • DEADLOCK, deadlock prevention, deadlock avoidance, deadlock ignorance, and deadlock detection & recovery
  • SYSTEM CALLS

 

  1. Java(J2SE and J2EE):

  • Difference between C++ and Java.
  • OOPS concepts
  • Types of Overloading.
  • Exception Handling and Multi-tasking (Multiprocessing & Multi-Threading).
  • Collection framework.
  • Servlets and JSP’s.
  • Applet

Revise these all topics as mentioned also check the resources through youtube and many helpful education sites which are doing great in giving students ease to easily read the topics online without notes.

 

Preparation tips for Technical Interview

These tips helped me so much and I will want you to follow these steps to get well with your topics:

  • Don’t wait for last-minute study for placement rather cover the topic together with your university.
  • Make notes, this is key to success point, how you understand your handwritten notes, you can never understand the same way from any other resource.
  • Keep revising topics in your semester break that will build your concepts more and will make it easy for you in your 4th year of college.
  • If you are unclear with any topic, don’t wait for the instructor to teach you or visit many sites offering you all the materials for free. They are: Geeksforgeeks, Sololearn, Tutorialspoint, Javapoint, etc

If still you remain unclear then watch tutorials from youtube on the topic you are interested in. I hope this helps you, comment below for any further queries/doubt will be happy to help you.

All the Best!

Loneliness – Not a depression

We feel happy when we are surrounded by our loved one and that makes us comfortable around them and sometimes we get used to that comfort zone. Imagine being get used to it and suddenly they’re not near you or with you. You’ll not feel yourself and you get lonely all by yourself. This can make you to think different things and there may be multiple thoughts. As it is said “An idol mind is the devil’s workshop”.

Especially in these pandemic times there have been many cases of suicide due to depression and loneliness. Inspite of the death due to covid, people have died unable to control their emotions. This made us to think if loneliness is more dangerous than the disease. Recently there was a case where a 45 year old man and 42 year Old women lived in a village. They don’t have any child and lived all by themselves. Recently her husband was suffering from Covid and the wife couldn’t take that thinking what will she do when he died. Thinking about all the loneliness that’s gonna happen future the wife died committing suicide. However husband lived but after knowing about his Wife death he drank poison and died.

This made me devoted for their love but made me sad for their death. They could’ve waited but loneliness made them to do the drastic step. Not every loneliness can lead to death but some can change a person’s life. Loneliness is not a dangerous thing but a life changing thing where one can analyse themselves. If you don’t have anyone to talk, it is better to talk to yourself rather than depend on someone. Loneliness can make a person self-independent and self- survivor. It can improve a individual skill where one can explore and develop their talents. Everything doesn’t come easy to everyone. One has to struggle to get things done.

Yes! This lockdown and pandemic can be tough and separate everyone from their loved one but it doesn’t mean that you have to feel lonely. May be it is time to explore yourself and develop your skills.

As Darwin said, “Survival of the fittest”.

YOGA AND MEDITATION: 2 PILLARS OF HEALTHY LIFE

” Yoga is a light, which one lit, will never dim. The better you practice, the brighter is the flame. “

YOGA AND MEDITATION: 2 PILLARS OF HEALTHY LIFE, a study of balance and essentially a practice for your soul which in turn is works through the medium of your body. It is the science of well being, youthfulness and which beautifully integrates our mind, body and soul. It is very true that we can not always control what goes on outside but we can definitely take control on what goes on inside and thus we say that the nature of yoga is to shine the light of awareness into the darkest corners of the body.

 

Yoga gives us a safe space and time to the simplicity of breath and movement and enables us to connect ourselves. Yoga is invigoration in relaxation and cessation of the movements in the mind. We all are made up of mainly three elements which are “mind, body and soul” and to be perfect in all three elements we need to have knowledge, health and inner peace for which the yoga and meditation plays a key role in achieving it.

do check out how yoga transformed people’s life https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/6-inspiring-yoga-stories-practice-changed-yogis-lives/#:~:text=A%20growing%20body%20of%20research%20shows%20that%20yoga,chronic%20stress%20and%20PTSD%29%2C%20emotional%20regulation%2C%20and%20pain.

Meditation is same like a gym in which you develop a powerful mental muscles of calm and insight. The true meditation is about feeling being fully present in the current moment. It is a best means of personal and spiritual development because we must always remember that when we inhale, we are taking the strength from god and when you are exhaling it represents the service you are giving to the outer world.

To keep the body in a very healthy condition is our duty otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind stronger and clearer and thus one must practice the 2 pillars of healthy life with firm determination and perseverance without any mental reservation or doubts. By its constant practice, we can easily free ourselves from fear, anguish and loneliness. It greatly helps us in achieving clarity of life and self awareness, it teaches us to cure what need not to be endured and endure what can not be cured.

do check out ROLE OF YOGA IN EDUCATION: https://www.yogateacherstrainingrishikesh.com/a-role-of-yoga-in-education.html#:~:text=The%20role%20of%20yoga%20in%20education%20as%20per,enhances%20the%20self-realization%20or%20self-awareness%20within%20the%20children.

2 PILLARS OF HEALTHY LIFE: IMPACT ON HEALTH

    1. CONNECTS YOU WITH SUPPORTIVE COMMUNITY
    2. STRESS MANAGEMENT
    3. KEEPS YOU ENERGENTIC THROUGH OUT YOUR DAY
    4. IMPROVES STRENGTH, BALANCE AND FLEXIBILITY
    5. GREAT HELP IN RELIEVING BACK PAIN.

 

 

 

Keto diet

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Health

Are you confused about what to do or what not ,about your fat loss, and your friend asked you to start Keto diet, and you don’t know about this you can read all about here.. 

 

You have heard about the Keto diet which is also known as ketogenic diet, the Fitness trend which people uses to focus on staying  fit.
According from the data from Google trends searches for this trendy eating plan which was made by Kim Kardashian who is a huge fan of this diet plan ,quadrupled in 2017! But for those who don’t know about Keto diet you can read all about it here.
Keto diet is also well known for low carbs diet .The main aim of ketogenic diet is send the body in ‘ketosis ‘ state using a very low strict low carb diet. Keto diet is basically the diet plan for those who wants to burn fat .The main goal will be quickly lose weight and then feel fuller with fewer cravings .Clinically, the ketogenic diet used in nerurologic medicine.
The diet was introduced as a weight loos diet by an Italian professor of surgery ,Dr.gianfranco cappello of sapienza university in Rome.
Lower carb diet

These diets provide fewer carbs and are known to bring quick weight loss .

Pros and cons

✔fatty food embraced
✔can cycle in and out
✖strict carb limit
✖can seem extreme

It is a high fat diet. You can get fat from different resources, eg. Avocados,nuts etc .Baiscally keto diet was introduced many year before,to treat epilepsy patients .Its a very monitored diet so, normally I will never recommend Keto diet to someone but talking about the facts we have in 1905 American doctors researched that so if the epilepsy patients consume Keto diet so they gets hypered so they decided to make diet which consists maximum fat low carbs and as the results they are approximately get success to control the effects of epilepsy patients .

What are the things you can eat in keto diet ?

eggs
High fat dairy
Fish and sea food
Meat
Natural fat
Berries in moderation

What should we don’t eat during Keto diet?
Alcohal
Candy
Fruit
Soda and juice

Keto diet

Because nutrient dense food like veggies and fruit aren’t exactly staples with ketogenic diet

The pros of Keto diet

1)Cancer fighting properties

Cancer cells , like normal healthy cells utilize glucose for energy but at a match higher rate. There is an emerging research that suggests that patients who combine with ketogenic diet with their traditional cancer therapies ,such as radiation ,may improve tumor response, or dampen tumor growth.

2)May increase female fertility

Ketogenic diet alters a person metabolism ,may find the following the ketogenic diet seems to help some of underlying issues with fertility

3)Helps in Loos Weight 

Stay healthy , stay fit
Stay healthy ,stay fit
Stay healthy , stay fit
Stay healthy ,stay fit

 

What is KOPPACT?

Source: Google

KOPPACT is an acronym that stands for Kinesics, Oculesics, Paralanguage, proteomics, Chromatics, Tactics. These all are the variations of different kinds of nonverbal language.

Kinesics

Kinesics discusses different kinds of body language, gestures, postures, facial expressions, and so on. In nonverbal, there are many things like voice quality, adapters, regulators, and many which impact communication. Its say facial expressions are the most important as it takes the impression of 55% of total communication. The postures reflect people’s emotions, quality of thoughts, and personality. Research says postures reflect one’s confidence, receptivity, status to the listener. Gestures are very much related to our daily life. It supports our opinions like moving hands, giving nods, etc. It is very important to take care of the body language while you are representing yourself because it tells half of your personality.

Oculesics

Oculesics include eye contact. Proper eye contact is very important during any conversation. It not only proves your confidence level but helps you to connect with your audience. It helps to bring engagements, interest attention, and so on. It has three basic purposes to serve. Firstly it helps to get feedback. During a conversation or presentation if you look to someone you can easily understand by their eye movements what the are feeling. Secondly, it helps to indicate without uttering a word of address. For instance, if you are talking with some time and when the turn of the next person comes you just look at the person and give a signal of his/her turn. Thirdly it gives a vivid indication if you are liking a person or not. Usually, when we don’t like a person, we try to avoid eye contact.

Proxemics

Proxemics tells about spatial distance. The space distance between two people can reflect the dimension of their relationship. An intimate relation, closeness, group, or society, all can be reflected by their spatial distance. There are zones in the space language, which is called spatial distance. The intimate zone is 0’-18″, Personal Zone is 18”-4′, the social zone is 4’-12′ and the public zone is 12’- rest.

Paralanguage

Paralanguage includes the pitch and tone of the verbal message. Voice is very important because it collects the attention of the people. Not only that it carries the mood of the words, if its sarcastic, anger, happy and more. It highlights the message’s importance. It refers to how something is said, not what is said”.

Artifacts

Artifacts are the artificial things that one carries. For instance, the dressing of a person or some kind of stuff can refer to the personality of the person. It also helps to impress people, drag attention. It helps to analyze better and it also impacts the nonverbal communication.

Chronemics

It indicates a sense of timing. The beginning of the event and the end is very important. It helps to sync between verbal and nonverbal communication. During a presentation, if someone continuously checks the time, it can distract people from listening and also hamper the attention with the presentation quality. So, interval time, temporal processing, cognition all are very important.

Tactilics

It helps to judge the people and their intentions. It helps to understand the positive and negative signals. Some touch can make you feel comfortable some are not. A weak handshake, a timid tap on the shoulder, and a tight hug or slap on the back can reassure the relationship. You can’t get into someone’s territory without knowing. You should know, whom you can touch, when you can touch and how you can touch.

These languages which impact our daily conversation and make it better.

Incurable India

Director’s Name- Umesh Agarwal

Released Date- Jan 5, 2015

As the name suggests “Incurable India” is a documentary which talks about the basic health issues in India and unfolds many stories of private and public hospitals. The title is very well suited for the documentary and has a deeper meaning than just those two words. 

The documentary is directed by Umesh Agarwal which focuses on the poor quality of health facilities in India despite having the best doctors who are exported to other countries and having the largest number of medical colleges and institutions in the world. The main cause of this problem is overpopulation.

It starts with giving a brief about the country, with soothing music. The documentary starts with praising India’s doctors and facilities then criticizing it by pointing out the problem. It talks about various real life problems which poor class people go through in public hospitals. They have to stand in long queues to get their token, even after standing for so long, you are never sure if you’ll get the token or not. Amit after getting his check up done, gets a waiting of 2 years for his operation. As we see, this is a problem of overpopulation. It not only shows the reality of public hospitals but also of private hospitals, how rich people, who can afford such high fi facilities, are scammed. 

The two stories are mixed, one of AIIMS, New Delhi, about a man named Amit and a woman named Smrita who belong to a rural area. The stories are shown simultaneously without having any dots which connect each other. It would have been better if both stories were shown separately. 

Also, the one problem that I noticed was, bad camera quality at various places. It looked as if the scene had been recorded from a phone. Good camera quality would have resulted in better delivery of the message. But despite the flaws in this documentary, it shows the harsh truth and reality of what goes on in private hospitals. How people are being used and scammed for money. 

It shows the efforts, time and thought put into this documentary for the world to know the reality of Indian hospitals. I would say, here the director acts as an investigative journalist who showed us all the scam of private hospitals and brought to us nothing but truth. My mind was angry the moment I finished watching it. I hadn’t thought or could ever think that people would risk each other’s health for the sake of money. 

It has less views on YouTube and it is quite underrated. I think more people should watch it and it should reach a larger audience. So, people are aware and can act accordingly in a similar situation.  It is the reality check of Indian hospitals, which everyone should watch. 

King\'s College London

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ABOUT
King\’s College London is one of the top 25 universities in the world (2016/17 QS World University Rankings) and among the oldest in England. King\’s has more than 27,600 students (of whom nearly 10,500 are graduate students) from some 150 countries worldwide, and some 6,800 staff.
King\’s has an outstanding reputation for world-class teaching and cutting-edge research. In the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) King’s was ranked 6th nationally in the ‘power’ ranking, which takes into account both the quality and quantity of research activity, and 7th for quality according to Times Higher Education rankings. Eighty-four per cent of research at King’s was deemed ‘world-leading’ or ‘internationally excellent’ (3* and 4*). The university is in the top seven UK universities for research earnings and has an overall annual income of more than £684 million.
King\’s has a particularly distinguished reputation in the humanities, law, the sciences (including a wide range of health areas such as psychiatry, medicine, nursing and dentistry) and social sciences including international affairs. It has played a major role in many of the advances that have shaped modern life, such as the discovery of the structure of DNA and research that led to the development of radio, television, mobile phones and radar.
King\’s College London and Guy\’s and St Thomas\’, King\’s College Hospital and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trusts are part of King\’s Health Partners. King\’s Health Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre (AHSC) is a pioneering global collaboration between one of the world\’s leading research-led universities and three of London\’s most successful NHS Foundation Trusts, including leading teaching hospitals and comprehensive mental health services. For more information, visit: www.kingshealthpartners.org.
King’s £600 million campaign, World questions|KING’s answers, has delivered huge global impact in areas where King’s has particular expertise. Philanthropic support has funded new research to save young lives at Evelina London Children’s Hospital; established the King’s Dickson Poon School of Law as a worldwide leader in transnational law; built a new Cancer Centre at Guy’s Hospital; allowed unique collaboration between leading neuroscientists to fast-track new treatments for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, motor neurone disease, depression and schizophrenia at the new Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; created the Cicely Saunders Institute: the first academic institution in the world dedicated to palliative care, and supported the King’s Sierra Leone Partnership in the Ebola crisis. Donations provide over 300 of the most promising students with scholarships and bursaries each year.More information about the campaign is available at www.kcl.ac.uk/kingsanswers.

20 diverse Research Grants available across various fields:

 20 diverse research grants available across various fields:


  1. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants: Offering numerous opportunities across biomedical and health-related research.
  2. National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants: Supporting fundamental research and education in all fields of science and engineering.
  3. European Research Council (ERC) Grants: Funding for groundbreaking research across various disciplines in Europe.
  4. Wellcome Trust Grants: Supporting biomedical research, healthcare, and medical innovation globally.
  5. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grants: Focusing on global health, poverty alleviation, and education initiatives.
  6. Google Research Awards: Funding for innovative computer science research projects.
  7. US Department of Energy (DOE) Grants: Supporting research in energy, technology, and national security.
  8. American Heart Association Grants: Funding cardiovascular research and initiatives.
  9. MacArthur Foundation Grants: Supporting projects aimed at addressing critical social challenges.
  10. Smithsonian Research Grants: Funding opportunities for various fields in science, art, history, and culture.
  11. Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) Grants: Supporting international collaborations in life sciences.
  12. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Grants: Funding for biomedical research and science education.
  13. European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Grants: Supporting life sciences research and training in Europe.
  14. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Grants: Focusing on science, technology, economics, and more.
  15. National Geographic Society Grants: Funding for research and exploration in natural sciences, conservation, and anthropology.
  16. European Union Horizon 2020 Grants: Funding various research and innovation projects across Europe.
  17. Spencer Foundation Grants: Supporting education research aimed at improving outcomes.
  18. Simons Foundation Grants: Funding mathematics, theoretical physics, and autism research.
  19. Arts Council England Grants: Supporting arts, culture, and creative projects across England.
  20. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grants: Funding for international collaborative research in Japan.

These grants cater to diverse research interests, providing opportunities for scientists, scholars, and innovators worldwide to pursue impactful projects in their respective fields.

You can also refer to Research Grants

Research Grants for PhD & Postdocs

Are you interested in conducting research in Germany or pursuing a research career in Germany? Here you will find information about where you can conduct research and work in Germany, as well as the various opportunities science and research can offer in Germany. Support ranges from funding for conferences to language programs in Germany. 

The German Academic Exchange Service, known as DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst), offers an array of research grants for PhD students and postdoctoral researchers from around the world. These grants provide financial support, allowing recipients to pursue research opportunities at universities, research institutions, or other academic organizations in Germany.

  1. PhD Research Grants: For individuals pursuing a doctoral degree, DAAD offers various funding options such as the Research Grants – Doctoral Program, which supports short-term research stays for doctoral candidates. It enables them to conduct research in Germany for a period of 1-10 months.
  2. Postdoctoral Research Grants: These grants cater to scholars who have recently completed their doctorate and are seeking opportunities to advance their research. The Postdoctoral Researchers International Mobility Experience (P.R.I.M.E.) program is one such initiative by DAAD. It provides funding for up to 18 months, split between research abroad and reintegration phases in Germany.
  3. Specialized Grants: DAAD also offers specific grants targeting particular fields of study, interdisciplinary research, or collaborative projects. These could include grants for subjects like renewable energy, sustainability, medicine, engineering, social sciences, and humanities.
  4. Eligibility and Requirements: The eligibility criteria for these grants typically involve academic excellence, a well-defined research proposal, and a collaboration agreement with a German host institution or supervisor. Proficiency in German may be required for some programs, although many research opportunities are available in English.
  5. Application Process: Applicants usually need to submit a detailed research proposal, academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, and a statement of purpose outlining their research objectives. The application process is competitive, and candidates are selected based on the quality and feasibility of their research proposals.
  6. Benefits: Successful applicants receive financial support in the form of stipends, travel allowances, health insurance, and sometimes assistance with language courses. Additionally, they gain exposure to Germany’s renowned research facilities, academic networks, and cultural experiences.
  7. Duration and Extensions: The duration of these grants varies based on the specific program. Extensions might be possible, subject to funding availability and the approval of the host institution.

DAAD’s research grants play a vital role in fostering international collaboration, supporting academic exchange, and promoting innovative research endeavors. They contribute significantly to the development of global academic networks and the advancement of knowledge across various fields of study. Prospective applicants should regularly check DAAD’s official website for updated information regarding available programs, eligibility criteria, and application deadlines.

Click on the links below to see what opportunities may be relevant for you.

©

GO ABROAD

Research

There are several different Research Grants available ranging from short time periods to several years. If you would like to pursue research in the field of German Studies, you may want to consider looking into our German Studies Research Grant.

Shot of a young man writing on a whiteboard while students look on.

©

DISCOVER ABROAD

Research Grants DAAD & Partners

DAAD has partnered with other research institutes in order to offer you a breadth of research opportunities in various fields. Take a look at the offers below to find just the right fit for you.

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GAIN EXPERIENCE ABROAD

Internships

You can gain practical research or work experience by doing an internship in Germany. From research in academia to internships at German companies – the choice is yours.

©

LANGUAGE ABROAD

Learn German

The best way to learn German is to spend time in Germany. Take a look at the grant opportunities below to further your studies of the German language.

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants: Offering Opportunities in Health-related Research

 The National Institutes of Health (NIH) stands as a cornerstone of biomedical and health-related research, driving innovation and scientific breakthroughs. At its core, NIH functions as the primary agency of the United States government, dedicated to advancing knowledge about health and disease. Among its myriad initiatives, the NIH offers grants that serve as lifeblood for researchers, funding groundbreaking studies across diverse scientific domains. These grants provide not only financial support but also an invaluable endorsement and recognition that catapults research endeavors forward.

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants: Offering Opportunities in Health-related Research

The NIH grants cater to a wide spectrum of research areas, covering everything from basic science to clinical trials, public health interventions, and translational research. This expansive reach ensures that investigations into fundamental biological processes, disease mechanisms, therapeutics, and population health are consistently supported and propelled forward.

The significance of NIH grants lies not just in the financial backing they offer, but also in the stamp of credibility they confer upon researchers and their work. The NIH grant review process is rigorous, emphasizing scientific merit, innovation, and potential impact. Successful applicants gain more than just financial resources; they also receive validation and recognition within the scientific community, paving the way for future collaborations and opportunities.

Securing an NIH grant, however, is no easy feat. The process demands meticulous planning, a well-crafted proposal, and a clear understanding of NIH guidelines and priorities. Here are key steps to navigate the NIH grant application process:

  1. Identify the Right Grant Opportunity: NIH offers various grant types (R01, R21, etc.) for different stages and types of research. Choose the grant program aligning best with your research goals.
  2. Develop a Strong Research Proposal: Craft a compelling proposal that outlines the significance, innovation, approach, and potential impact of your research. Emphasize how your work aligns with NIH priorities.
  3. Understand NIH Guidelines: Familiarize yourself with NIH guidelines, submission deadlines, and specific criteria for the grant you are applying for. Follow instructions meticulously.
  4. Collaborate and Network: Collaborate with experts, build collaborations, and seek mentorship. Networking within your field can provide insights and support.
  5. Seek Feedback: Prior to submission, seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or NIH program officers. Constructive criticism can significantly improve your proposal.
  6. Submit and Follow-up: Submit your application through NIH’s electronic system and monitor the review process. Even if your application is not funded initially, use reviewer feedback to strengthen future submissions.
  7. Persistence and Continuous Learning: Grant writing is a skill that improves with practice. Learn from both successful and unsuccessful attempts to refine your approach.

The National Institutes of Health is the largest public funder of biomedical research in the world. In fiscal year 2022, NIH invested most of its $45 billion appropriations in research seeking to enhance life, and to reduce illness and disability. NIH-funded research has led to breakthroughs and new treatments helping people live longer, healthier lives, and building the research foundation that drives discovery.

Three scientists wearing goggles looking at a test tube.

Grants Home Page

NIH’s central resource for grants and funding information.

Laboratory glassware with colorful liquid.

Find Funding

NIH offers funding for many types of grants, contracts, and even programs that help repay loans for researchers.

Calendar page

Due Dates

Grant applications and associated documents (e.g., reference letters) are due by 5:00 PM local time of application organization on the specified due date.

Close-up of a red submit key on a computer keyboard.

How to Apply

Instructions for submitting a grant application to NIH and other Public Health Service agencies.

Female researcher in the laboratory.

About Grants

An orientation to NIH funding, grant programs, how the grants process works, and how to apply.

Binder with papers on office desk.

Policy & Compliance

By accepting a grant award, recipients agree to comply with the requirements in the NIH Grants Policy Statement unless the notice of award states otherwise.

Blue blog key on a computer keyboard.

Grants News/Blog

News, updates, and blog posts on NIH extramural grant policies, processes, events, and resources.

Scientist flipping through a report in the laboratory.

Contracts

Explore opportunities at NIH for research and development contract funding.

Smiling female researcher.

Loan Repayment

The NIH Loan Repayment Programs repay up to $50,000 annually of a researcher’s qualified educational debt in return for a commitment to engage in NIH mission-relevant research.

National Mineral Policy 2019 to Ensure Sustainable Mining

The National Mineral Policy, 2019 [NMP 2019], states that minerals are valuable natural resources, which are essential raw materials for the core sectors of the economy. The exploration, extraction, and management of minerals are guided by national goals and perspectives, integrated into the overall strategy of the country’s economic development. NMP 2019 also focuses on promoting domestic industry, reducing import dependency, and contributing to the Make in India initiative. NMP 2019 emphasizes on a fair and transparent allocation of mineral resources to ensure equitable distribution of mineral wealth to serve the common good. NMP 2019 aims to ensure environmentally sustainable mining, with stakeholders’ participation; devolution of benefits of mining to mining-affected persons and areas; maintaining high level of trust among all stakeholders; conducive regulatory environment for ease of doing business in the sector; simpler, transparent, and time-bound procedures for obtaining clearances for mining.

Mineral Conservation and Development Rules (MCDR), 2017 was framed under Section 18 of MMDR Act, 1957 for the mineral conservation, systematic development of minerals and protection of environment by preventing or controlling any pollution which may be caused by prospecting or mining operations. As per Rule 12(1) of MCDR (amendment) 2017, the prospecting and mining operations shall be carried out in such a manner so as to ensure systematic development of mineral deposits, conservation of minerals and protection of the environment. Rule 35 to 44 under Chapter V of MCDR, 2017 is provided for Sustainable Mining. Adequate emphasis has been given on Sustainable Development in Mining areas in the NMP 2019. Further, to implement the Sustainable Development Framework (SDF), Ministry has evolved a system of Star Rating of Mines.

India is not a member of Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). However, India has adopted the United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC) to report the mineral resources, status of exploration and feasibility of extractions. Further, as per the MMDR Act, 1957 and rules framed thereunder, every lease holder has to adhere to the conditions prescribed under various clearances issued by the different Ministries /Departments of State and Central Government. The lease holders are also mandated to submit the prescribed reports like monthly / annual return, result of exploration, yearly report on progressive mine closure activities, etc. to statutory authorities.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNION TERRITORY AREAS

The Government has taken various steps for the economic development of UTs such as promoting tourism, augmentation of telecom & web connectivity, development of road, sea and air connectivity, development and promotion of clean and green energy, waste management including initiatives for waste to energy, commissioning of new power projects, boost to infrastructure, etc.

Tourism has been identified as a key sector due to its multiplier effect. The Government is actively promoting various kinds of tourism like eco-tourism,  heritage   tourism,   adventure   tourism,   monsoon   tourism,

 promotion of niche tourism activities, tourist circuits, religious tourism, astro- tourism, cruise tourism, MICE tourism etc. In UT of J&K tourism sector has been accorded the status of industry, UT of DNH&DD have developed world class sea fronts and premier river fronts, in Island UTs eco-tourism resorts are being developed. In the UT of Ladakh first ever dark sky reserve of the country has been set up in Hanle to promote astro-tourism and livelihood of local communities. All these initiatives have resulted in a boost to tourism and other allied economic activities, improvement in civil aviation and other infrastructure, promotion of clean and green energy and “waste to wealth” in the UTs.

Internet/broadband and mobile/digital connectivity in the Island UTs have been considerably enhanced with the commissioning of the Chennai Andaman Nicobar Islands (CANI) Optical Fiber Cable Project at a cost of about ₹ 1,224 cr. This project has revolutionized internet connectivity and increased the bandwidth utilization in the UT of A&NI from 4.1 Gbps to 70.31 Gbps, internet speed has increased from 100 kbps to upto 300 Mbps, total mobile connections have increased to about 7 lakh from 4.7 lakh and Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) services, which provide high broadband speeds directly to home and offices, have increased to about 34,500. 5G services were also launched in the UT.   As a result, the  Islanders  have  benefitted significantly through greater access to online Government to Citizen (G2C) services, tele-medicine, online education, development of tourism,            e-commerce, enhanced participation in the digital economy (the number of digital transactions have increased from about 10 lakh to 2.2 crore) etc. Similarly, The Kochi Lakshadweep Islands Submarine Optical Fiber Cable Project (KLI Project), with a cost of about ₹1,072 Cr, has connected the mainland (Kochi) and all the inhabited Islands of the Union Territory of Lakshadweep through submarine cable. The KLI Project is designed to offer speeds upto 100 Gbps and support 4G as well as 5G networks. Trial traffic has been fed in the network. At present 3,972 FTTH connections have been provided through this network. The KLI Project is expected to benefit the public significantly through enhanced online access in the fields of education, tele-medicine, e-commerce, digital governance, tourism etc.

The Government has also been focusing on air, road and sea connectivity in the UTs. A new terminal building of Veer Savarkar International Airport at Port Blair has come up with a cost of about ₹710.00 crore with a capacity to handle 50 lakh passengers per year. ‘Azad Hind Fauz Setu’ on Humphrey Strait at a cost of ₹ 203.00 crore has significantly  improved  the  road  connectivity  in  the  island  UT  of A&NI.

Several infrastructure projects to boost road connectivity have also been completed/under way in the other UTs like the construction of Zojila tunnel in UT of Ladakh.

Several steps have also been taken to promote ease of doing business and bring in governance reforms in UTs. To promote industry and business activities compliance burden has been significantly reduced. Single window clearance system has also led to faster clearance of proposals. UTs have implemented suitable policies to promote businesses and entrepreneurship including industrial policy, land allotment policy, logistics policy, policies to promote handicrafts, agriculture, MSMEs through suitable incentivisation etc. Investment promotion schemes have been formulated to encourage investment by way of providing capital and interest subsidy. The thrust sectors identified are tourism, manufacturing, production, IT and ITes, shipping, agriculture, fisheries etc. The Prime Minister’s Employment Generation programme, PM VISHWAKARMA, Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro food processing Enterprises (PMFME) scheme, PM SVANidhi etc. are also being effectively implemented in the UTs with an aim to generate employment, provide financial support and skill development support. UTs have also identified certain priority economic sectors for accelerated economic growth of UTs, based on their unique strengths and resources, such as developing a Blue Economy, transforming into regional knowledge/IT/medical hubs, promoting tourism etc. 

The Government’s policy of zero tolerance towards corruption and introduction of IT enabled initiatives have brought greater accountability, transparency and financial transformation resulting in a big push to businesses and economic development in the UTs and also promoting them as new drivers of economic prosperity (Aatmanirbhar Arthvyawastha) and Viksit Bharat.

Initiatives under Aatmanirbhar Bharat have been taken to provide better services to consumers & improvement in operational & financial efficiency in electricity distribution in certain UTs.

Further, a robust monitoring mechanism has been put in place to monitor the implementation of various flagship/development schemes and programmes of Government of India in the UTs.

It is the endeavour of Government of India to make UTs role models of good governance and development. Moreover, it is envisioned to holistically develop the island UTs as global hubs of tourism, raise the standard and quality of living of residents in UTs, create better infrastructure including social infrastructure, achieve saturation of health and educational indicators, enhance health infrastructure to ensure universal access to quality healthcare, promote green energy by leveraging technology, etc. This is a continuous process.

To promote fisheries and blue economy in the island union territories of Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep, the Government has taken various initiatives. The focus is primarily on development of infrastructure & logistics, deep sea fishing, aquaculture, capacity building and fisheries management for overall development.

Assistance to fishermen/fish farmers is provided for modernization of existing fishing crafts and acquisition of new fishing vessels. Further, initiatives like creation and upgradation of post-harvest handling & processing infrastructure, export oriented processing units and use of technological advancements like Fish Aggregating Devices have also been taken.

The Government is also creating forward market linkages and promoting fisheries related co-operative societies and Self Help Groups (SHGs). Agencies like the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Export Inspection Agency (EIA) and Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute are providing technical support and training to the fishermen and fish farmers for their capacity building.

The Government is also implementing various subsidy programme under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana to improve the post-harvest infrastructure, promote deep sea fishing, and aquaculture, mariculture activities, fish marketing and shore based infrastructure. Institutional credit is extended through Kisan Credit Card scheme.

Seaweed cultivation is also being promoted with the participation of Self Help Groups and fisheries co-operatives.

CYBER CRIMES AWARENESS IN RURAL AREAS

‘Police’ and ‘Public Order’ are State subjects as per the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India. The States/UTs are primarily responsible for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of crimes including cyber crime through their Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs). The Central Government supplements the initiatives of the States/UTs  through  advisories  and  financial  assistance  under  various  schemes for capacity building of their LEAs. To strengthen the mechanism to deal with cyber crimes in a comprehensive and coordinated manner, the Central Government has taken steps which, inter-alia, include the following:

  1. The Ministry of Home Affairs has set up the ‘Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre’ (I4C) to deal with all types of cyber crime in the country, in a coordinated and comprehensive manner.
  2. Seven Joint Cyber Coordination Teams (JCCTs) have been constituted for Mewat, Jamtara, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Chandigarh, Vishakhapatnam and Guwahati under I4C covering the whole country based upon cyber crime hotspots/ areas having multi jurisdictional issues by on boarding States/UTs to enhance the coordination framework among the LEAs of the States/UTs. Seven workshops were organized for JCCTs at Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Guwahati, Vishakhapatnam, Lucknow, Ranchi and Chandigarh in 2023.
  3. The state of the art ‘National Cyber Forensic Laboratory (Investigation)’ has been established, as a part of the I4C, at New Delhi to provide early stage cyber forensic assistance to Investigating Officers (IOs) of State/UT Police. So far, National Cyber Forensics Laboratory (Investigation) have provided its services to State LEAs in around 8,840 cyber forensics like mobile forensics, memory forensics, CDR Analysis, etc. to help them in investigation of cases pertaining to cyber crimes.
  4. The ‘National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal’ (https://cybercrime.gov.in) has been launched, as a part of the I4C, to enable public to report incidents pertaining to all types of cyber crimes, with special focus on cyber crimes against women and children. Cyber crime incidents reported on this portal, their conversion into FIRs and subsequent action thereon are handled by the State/UT LEAs concerned as per the provisions of the law.
  5. The ‘Citizen Financial Cyber Fraud Reporting and Management System’, under I4C, has been launched for immediate reporting of financial frauds and to stop siphoning off funds by the fraudsters. So far, an amount of more than Rs. 1000 Crore have been saved in more than 4 lakh incidents. A toll-free Helpline number ‘1930’ has been operationalized to get assistance in lodging online cyber incidents.
  6. The Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) platform, namely ‘CyTrain’ portal has been developed under I4C, for capacity building of police officers/judicial officers through online course on critical aspects of cyber crime investigation, forensics, prosecution etc. along with certification. More than 72,800 Police Officers from States/UTs are registered and more than 50,000 Certificates issued through the portal.
  7. Till date more than 2.45 lakhs SIM cards and 42,000 IMEIs as reported by Police authorities have been blocked by Government of India.
  8. I4C has imparted cyber hygiene training to 5,600 officials of various Ministries/ Departments of Government of India.
  9. The Ministry of Home Affairs has provided financial assistance to the tune of Rs. 122.24 crores under the ‘Cyber Crime Prevention against Women and Children (CCPWC)’ Scheme, to the States/UTs for their capacity building such as setting up of cyber forensic-cum-training laboratories, hiring of junior cyber consultants and training of LEAs’ personnel, public prosecutors and judicial officers. So far, cyber forensic-cum-training laboratories have been commissioned in 33 States/UTs. So far, more than 24,600 LEA personnel, judicial officers and prosecutors have been provided training on cyber crime awareness, investigation, forensics etc.
  10. National Cyber Forensic Laboratory (Evidence) has been set up at Hyderabad. Establishment of this laboratory provides the necessary forensic support in cases of evidence related to cyber crime, preserving the evidence and its analysis in line with the provisions of IT Act and Evidence Act; and reduced turnaround time.
  11. I4C has imparted cyber hygiene training to more than 17,000 NCC cadets.
  12. To spread awareness on cyber crime, the Central Government has taken steps which, inter-alia, include; dissemination of messages through SMS, I4C social media account i.e. X (formerly Twitter) (@Cyberdost), Facebook(CyberDostI4C), Instagram(cyberdostI4C), Telegram(cyberdosti4c), Radio campaign, engaged MyGov for publicity in multiple mediums, organizing Cyber Safety and Security Awareness weeks in association with States/UTs, publishing of Handbook for Adolescents/Students, etc. The States/UTs have also been requested to carry out publicity to create mass awareness.
  13. The Centre for Financial Literacy pilot project on financial literacy was initiated by the Reserve Bank in 2017 with an objective to adopt community led innovative and participatory approaches to financial literacy engaging various NGOs across the country. Under the Centre for Financial Literacy project, each Centre for Financial Literacy usually covers three blocks while giving focus on the population in the age group of 18-60 years. A total of 1633 Centre for Financial Literacy covering 4,861 blocks have been set up across the country as on September 30, 2023. Awareness about digital banking in one of the areas covered under the Centre for Financial Literacy project.

Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)

In a significant enhancement to the D-Remit process, the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) has now allowed National Pension System (NPS) subscribers to deposit their contributions through the convenience of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) QR code. This advancement aims to simplify the contribution process, making it more accessible and efficient for NPS participants.

The National Pension System (NPS) has long been a reliable savings avenue for those looking to secure their financial futures. Under the NPS, subscribers make voluntary contributions to their NPS Tier I and II accounts. However, the process of directly depositing these contributions, known as D-Remit or Direct Remittance, has just become more user-friendly.

The introduction of QR code – UPI for D-Remit is a positive & revolutionary step towards making NPS contributions more accessible, efficient, and flexible. This initiative by PFRDA empowers NPS subscribers to take control of their retirement savings and benefit from the advantages of systematic investment planning.

D-Remit Virtual Account with UPI QR code

Under this new mechanism, subscribers will utilise the UPI QR Code to transfer their contributions. It is important to note that the D-Remit virtual account is distinct from the Permanent Retirement Account Number (PRAN). Furthermore, the virtual account numbers differ for Tier I and Tier II NPS accounts and so do the QR codes.

Key Benefits of D-Remit QR code

The D-Remit process offers several advantages for NPS subscribers:

  • Same-Day Investment: Contributions received by the Trustee Bank (TB) before 9:30 AM will be invested on the same day, optimizing returns.
  • Periodical Auto Debit: Subscribers can set up periodical auto-debit payments, such as monthly, quarterly, or half-yearly, providing a convenient way to build their retirement corpus.
  • One-Time or Regular Contribution: The flexibility to choose between one-time or regular contributions based on individual preferences and financial goals.
  • Optimised Investment: The D-Remit process leverages standing instructions and rupee cost averaging for long-term retirement wealth creation.

Set up SIP in NPS through D-Remit:

For NPS account holders with a PRAN, the D-Remit process opens up the possibility of starting a systematic investment plan (SIP). This can be done online (D-Remit), allowing subscribers to set up standing instructions for SIP payments to their NPS accounts.

SIPs in NPS offer subscribers the convenience of making regular contributions, helping them build a disciplined and convenient approach to retirement savings without the need to time the market. Similar to mutual funds, SIPs enable NPS participants to benefit from rupee cost averaging. Adjusting existing investments becomes a straightforward process, with the potential for higher returns.

How to Use D-Remit QR Code:

To utilise D-Remit, subscribers must possess a virtual D-Remit ID with the trustee bank. This virtual account can only be used for remitting NPS contributions. Setting up an SIP through net banking involves adding the virtual account as a beneficiary to the subscriber’s net banking account and providing a standing instruction for the SIP amount. With a fund receipt cut-off time of 9:30 AM, subscribers receive the same-day Net Asset Value (NAV) in their NPS accounts. Contributions received after this time or on non-working days will reflect the NAV of the next working day.

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