Government Policies regarding Education 

The Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) during pre- independence time played great role in the evolution and monitoring of educational policies and programs. The most important were National Policy on Education (NPE) in 1986 and Program of Action(POA) 1992 put forward that free and compulsory Education of satisfactory quality should be provided up to 14 years (Elementary education). As the result enrollment of students in primary and upper primary schools increased steadily. More enrollment of girls and backward sections of society in Education improved. The central and state governments took strategies to improve drop out rates which include :

Creating parental awareness and community mobilisation, providing incentives, improvement in content and schooling process and National Programme for nutritional support for primary education (mid day meal schemes). Right to elementary education is fundamental right and fundamental duty. 

The Minimum level of learning was introduced and it led development of better textbooks and workbooks, supplementary reading materials, teachers handbook and development in pupil evaluation. The Central Government gave funds for expenditure on elementary education. 

NON FORMAL EDUCATION

Department of Education started programme of Non- formal education (NFE) for children who remain outside formal system due to different reasons such as drop outs from schools, working children and those who perform domestic chores. The scheme covers urban slums ,hills, desert and tribal areas.

The National Bal Bhavan it is a Autonomous institution under Education department and it help to enhance and improve creativity among children from weaker strata of the society. The programs are designed to bring out the inner potential of a child. The national bal bhavan provides general guidelines and transfer of information, training facility to State and District Bal bhavans.

Promotion of languages – Government encourages in development of all Indian languages including classical, modern and tribal languages and help in production of university level textbooks to facilitate media. Financial assistance given to individuals and voluntary organizations to bring out publications for development of modern Indian languages. 

Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan

It is an Indian government program aimed at universalisation of elementary education ” in atime bound manner” . The program was initiated by former Indian prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. It’s motto is education for all.

Adult Education 

The National Literacy Mission(NLM) dominant strategies are literacy campaigns are area specific, time bound , cost effective, volunteer based and outcome oriented. It is aimed at eradication of illiteracy. Learner makes a transition from guided learning to self learning and it also help in skill upgradation. It helps in creation of learning society through ongoing educational programs. Rural libraries are established to improve reading habits among people.

Indira Gandhi Open University (IGNOU)

It was established by the Act of Parliament in September 1985. It is responsible for introduction and promotion of distance education and open university. The main objectives include widening access to higher education to mass audience, organize programs that help people to continue education. IGNOU provide university level education, it is flexible and open. 

 ADR and GDR

Depository receipt is a “ certificate which may be registered in the holders name but is more usually in form of a bearer security, giving the holder ownership of a specified number of shares in a company which have been deposited with a financial institution usually a depository bank.” It helps and permits the investors to acquire and trade in foreign securities and it gives access to major international markets. Depository receipt include American Depository Receipt( ADR) and Global Depository Receipts( GDR).

ADR and GDR are issued by overseas depositors against ordinary shares issued and placed with domestic custodian by Indian companies. Indian companies are permitted to access international capital markets through issue of ADR and GDR.

American Depository Receipts

It refers to securities offered, sold and traded in the American markets. Shares of foreign companies are traded in U.S stock markets in form of ADR. An ADR is issued by U.S bank and represents shares of foreign company held in custody in United States. By trading in ADRs, American investors manage to avoid problems of dealing in foreign securities markets. It enables companies to raise funds in the U.S financial markets.

Global Depository Receipts 

It refers to securities offered, sold and traded outside U.S and outside the company’s home country. They are certificates issued by bank in more than one country . The certificates allow the underlying shares which are traded in only one country to be offered globally without the need to be registered in foreign equity markets. The issuer doesn’t have to comply with U.S General Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) disclosure requirements.

 Government policy regarding education in India

in India, till the year 1976, the state was handling the responsibility of education as the central government only take care of forming standards for technical and higher education. since 1976 it has become a joint responsibility . the decision regarding the organization and structure of education is taken by the states .so the union government is clearly concerned about the quality of the type of education.

laws related to the education system in india

as in India, we have the right Right to education which states that every child has the right of getting primary education between the age of six to fourteen here the government meant free primary education. free actually means no child is liable to pay any fees until it completes its primary education. it provides free education to those students who can not avail it on their own. it also gets details about parents, government, and local authorities on the basis of info it gives the free education.

there is another act right to information which allows the examiner to examine that the student should have freedom of speech and expression.

the right to equality is also an act that came by the government to remove the discrimination between the students during the time of admission as the schools can not say no to admission without having a valid reason so which helps in becoming everyone  equal for education. 

the student have an right of getting a loan for his education if he has attained the age of 18 as now he is eligible for come  into any type of contract .

scheme for secondary education

• Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan

• Girls Hostel Scheme

• National Scheme of Incentives to Girls for Secondary Education

• Inclusive Education for Disabled at Secondary Stage

• Scheme of Vocational Education

• National Merit-cum-Means Scholarship Scheme

• Scheme for construction and running of Girls Hostel for students of secondary and higher secondary schools

• Scholarship schemes for Minority students

• National Scholarships

 Online Banking – complete guide

Today smartphones provided access to performing finacial transactions of any bank at home. it is no longer needed to visit the institutions physically as all you need is just a smartphone and good internet connectivity .over the years the banks also have evolved a lot with the technology. Hence, it gave birth to Internet banking or digital banking.

one of the preconceptions about online banking is that people are not aware of it that much how it works .online banking performs the same functions as physical branches do just it reduces the time in looking for a physical branch.

you can avail all the bank services from your home with the help of a phone or computer and all of your information is secured with a unique username and password. there are multiple benefits of using online banking like easy transfer of money, can pay bills, saving money, reduced time and energy for a physical visit, and can track record of transactions.

the interesting fact about digital banking is it is cheaper than a physical one as it charges low fees for opening an account and so you spend less but gain more .online banking gives you financial liberty as you can access multiple banks account.

How online banking works? you just need to open your bank account online using a smartphone and then you can easily avail all banking facilities as sometimes you do not need to open an account.

the process for opening the account is very easy as you just need to go to AppStore and download the bank app and just signup with your id and password and have to share personal details like name, address and number so on. you can also avail of debit and credit cards and can also use ATMs.

if we talk about security then online banking is not100% risk-free but most banks follow industry standards that keep the information safe.

difference between banks and credit unions? credit unions are basically non-profit organization which does not publicly trade as the normal bank does .another difference is credit union is run by a member who is minded people but the bank is run by a private person but the board member does not need to be the minded people.

conclusions:

the statics shows that people are not being involved in online banking as much as need to be but it is expected that its uses will increase in the near future just because of depriving of information people are not aware of it as it is not complicated at all .

 Online Professional Courses

Online teaching platforms are learner focused and it helps to construct new knowledge. Many multimedia platforms are used. Online platforms help students to self learn. They are always flexible in nature.

Coursera is a platform that provide online courses and professional courses and after completion of the course every student will be provided with course completion certificate. Anyone can join courses of their choice no restrictions of qualifying subjects. Students can complete the course according to their flexibility. The subjects offered are, professional courses

1.Master of Applied Data Science offered by Michigan University. It is famous ranked university. Any student can enroll the course any time and from anywhere.

2.MBA in Business Analytics offered by O.P Jindal Global University. 

3. Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from London University. 

4. Master of Science in Data Science offered by University of Colorado Boulder. 

For more information visit coursera.

ONLINE
MOVIES

Movies play
a pivotal role in our lives. Regardless, whether it is a 5-year-old or an
elderly watching, each has its own tastes and preferences in movies. For some
binge watching might be a stress buster, likewise, for a few, it might be a
source of entertainment in family gatherings. There are various OTT platforms
streaming blockbuster movies. For example, Netflix is the biggest platform,
where people all over the world binge-watch. Apparently, there are various
genres, like as example, rom-com, mystery, thriller, animations, and many
more.

 On a Sunday evening, a family usually plans to
watch a movie, which acts as a source of entertainment and binds them together.
There are various instances in the movies where we relate ourselves to the
protagonist, and aspire to live as heroically as them. Although not all of them
play a positive and detrimental impact. Some prove to be wretched. There might
be a few, which seem efficacious to us but on the other side be impractical to
others. Therefore, one must be mindful of the content that they are
consuming.  Cause we adapt habits and
activities which are portrayed in the content. Movies can also be a source to
spread awareness regarding various social topics. It can be used as a medium to
educate and make people aware of social issues. A large proportion of the
population in India is under the impression that the things being done and said
in the movies are always realistic and accurate because it is performed by
their favorite artists. But what they do not envisage is the impact it is
creating in their lives. Intending to maintain communal and religious harmony,
the movies in India go through a process of censorship. So that it is accepted
by all the communities and does not hurt the religious sentiments of any.
Having said that, there are a few movies that seem to be on screen, even though
it has not been accepted well by the audience. In such a case various
inter-communal riots come into view.

 Media can act as a boon as well as a bane for
an individual. Rest the decision lies on the audience, whether to make that
3-hour watch worthwhile and actually learn about a plethora of new events
rather than simply consuming impractical content and not being conscious of
what they are consuming. Movies can act as escapism which gets us off reality
for sometime and dive into some really crazy tale that interests us the most.