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Need of Hindi Day

 Hindi Day

Hindi Diwas or National Hindi Day is celebrated every year on September 14 to mark the adaptation of Hindi (written in Devanagari script) as the official language by the Constituent Assembly on September 14, 1949. The first Prime Minister of the country, Jawaharlal Nehru, decided to celebrate Hindi Diwas on September 14. September 14 to spread awareness about the importance of the Hindi language in the country. The Hindi language is one of the oldest languages that obtains much of its academic terminology from the Sanskrit language written in the Devanagari script. All schools, colleges, offices, and organizations to showcase the importance of the day and the language. The day commemorates the event when Hindi was adopted as one of the official languages of India. The most interesting fact about Hindi is that “Hindi” is basically a Persian language word and the first Hindi poem was written by the eminent poet “Amir Khusro”.The first literature on the history of the Hindi language was composed by a French writer “Grasim the Taisi”.

Modelling: Career

 Modelling

Modelling offers a glamorous career with tremendous opportunities to travel and meet various people. An established model gets good income. Modelling involves a lot of hardworking, dedication and perseverance. It is highly competitive field. In this field, physical attributions and personal qualities are more important. They are types of modelling like ramp modeling, television modeling and print modeling. There are no specific qualifications or age limit to enter this field. The model coordinating agency or a fashion designer will help to enter to this field if they are satisfied with one’s portfolio. Other way to enter to modelling field is through participating in contests sponsored by magazines, cloth manufacturers, cosmetic companies etc. and to take part in beauty pageants. Model learn on the job. Training programs include beauty care, make up, hair styling, diet and exercise, presentation skills etc. The main attributes required to become a model is good and healthy complexion and energetic expression.

Salient Features of NEP, 2020

Salient Features of NEP, 2020

The National Education Policy 2020 was unveiled on July 29, 2020. The National Education Policy 2020 makes a number of changes to both higher education and secondary education, including technical education. The National Education Policy 2020 lists a number of action items/activities that should be implemented in both higher education and schooling.

The following are specifics of NEP 2020’s key features:

• Ensuring universal access at all educational levels, from preschool to grade 12;

• Ensuring that all children between the ages of 0 and 3 receive high-quality early care and education;

• New Pedagogical and Curricular Framework (5+3+3+4);

• There are no clear distinctions between the humanities and sciences, academic and extracurricular pursuits, or career paths;

• Launching a national initiative on basic literacy and numeracy;

• Promoting multilingualism and Indian languages as a priority; The home language, mother tongue, local language, or regional language will be used as the primary medium of teaching until at least Grade 5, but ideally until Grade 8 and beyond.

• Assessment reforms, including up to two Board Exams per school year, one for the main exam and one for improvement, if requested;

• The establishment of the PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development) National Assessment Center;

• Educational equity and inclusion, with a focus on Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs);

• Special Education Zones and a specific gender inclusion fund for underprivileged areas and groups;

• Effective and open procedures for hiring teachers and performance evaluations based on merit;

• Ensuring that all resources are accessible via school complexes and clusters;

•State School Standards Authority (SSSA) establishment 

• Promotion of vocational education throughout the K–12 and tertiary systems of instruction;

• raising GER to 50% in higher education;

• Multidisciplinary, all-encompassing education with numerous points of access and departure;

• NTA will conduct a Common Entrance Exam for HEI Admission;

• The founding of an academic bank of credit

•Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities (MERUs) establishment ;

•The National Research Foundation (NRF) was established.

•”Light yet Tight” regulation 

• The Higher Education Commission of India (HECI), a single overarching umbrella organisation, with independent bodies for standard setting (the General Education Council), funding (the Higher Education Grants Council), accreditation (the National Accreditation Council [NAC]), and regulation (the National Higher Education Regulatory Council [NHERC]), is responsible for promoting the higher education sector, including teacher education but excluding medical and legal education;

• Growing open and distant education to boost the gross enrollment ratio (GER).

• Globalization in Education

• The higher education system will include professional education as a core component. The goal of institutions in these and other sectors, including independent technical universities, law schools, medical schools, and agricultural colleges, is to become multidisciplinary institutions.

• 4-year integrated stage- and subject-specific teacher education degree in education

• Creating a National Mentoring Mission.

•The establishment of the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF), an independent organisation that would serve as a forum for the unrestricted discussion of ways to use technology to improve instruction, evaluation, planning, and administration.

•The appropriate use of technology in all educational levels.

•Objectives Reaching 100% adult and juvenile literacy.

• The commercialization of higher education will be fought and stopped by a number of methods with checks and balances.

• As a “not for profit” company, all educational institutions will be held to the same standards of audit and disclosure.

• The Center and the States will collaborate to boost public spending on education so that it reaches 6% of GDP as soon as possible.

• The Central Advisory Board of Education should be strengthened to maintain coordination and to put more of an emphasis on quality education overall.

By 2030, the NEP, 2020 aims to raise the GER in preschool through secondary education to 100%, while it will rise from 26.3% in 2018 to 50% in higher education, including vocational education.

Fiscal Deficit

 

Fiscal Deficit

Fiscal deficit is the difference between the government’s total expenditure and the total non debt creating receipts. Revenue receipts, recoveries of loan and other receipts are all non debt creating. The government doesn’t have to borrow to generate these sources of income. Revenue receipts include both tax and non tax revenue of the government of India. Tax revenue means revenue that government gets by collecting taxes like personal income tax, corporate tax and goods and services tax. Non tax revenue include stamp duty and dividends earned from public sector units. Dividend is the return on capital invested by the government in PSU’s. Fiscal deficit arises when the government has expenditure higher than the revenue it generates. To bridge this expenditure revenue deficit government starts borrowing. This borrowing is called Fiscal Deficit. Fiscal deficit is usually expressed in terms of percentage of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A high and rising Fiscal deficit is bad for the general state of the economy, trade balance and currency exchange rates. A high fiscal deficit means that the governments borrowing are high. When the government borrows money from the general public , it creates demand for money. A high fiscal deficit can be dangerous it affect general economic activity it will reduce business and economic activity. It will reduce income and employment generation. It lead to reduction of exchange rates and rises the trade deficit.

Workshop on “Interventions Required for Strengthening the PPP Ecosystem (Partners in Progress)”

 The Government of India envisions a major role of Public Private Partnership (PPP) to leverage private sector investment and operational efficiencies in the provision of affordable, qualitative, and sustainable public assets and services.

The Government of India has taken several interventions to encourage private sector investors to participate, leverage their resources, technology, and management skills to increase infrastructure investment and improve the delivery of public goods and services with a high level of efficiency and quality in light of the rising demand of infrastructure facilities.

Continuing with the interventions to encourage the private sector investment, Infrastructure Finance Secretariat, DEA with the support of British High Commission (BHC) organised a workshop on 14.9.2022, with an intent to provide a platform to the key stakeholders (specially the private players) to share their views about the current PPP landscape, their areas/ sectors of interest, and suggest interventions/initiatives required to further strengthen the current PPP ecosystem. The workshop, included sector specific sessions on Health, Education and Sports, Water Supply and Municipal Solid Waste Management, Urban Transport and Roads & Airports.

The Workshop was inaugurated by Shri Ajay Seth, Secretary, DEA, Ministry of Finance (MoF) with welcome address from Shri B Purushartha, Joint Secretary, (ISD), Infrastructure Finance Secretariat.  Special Addresses were also delivered by Dr. V. Anantha Nageswaran, Chief Economic Adviser, MoF, Ms. Sally Taylor, Minister Counsellor (Director Development, Climate, Science and Technology), and Ms. Wendy Werner, Country Head India, International Finance Corporation, World bank Group.

During the Sessions, the private players presented key issues/constraints faced by them during structuring and execution of PPP projects and suggested key interventions that may be required for enhancing private sector investments in the infrastructure sector.

The Workshop witnessed presenters  from infra sector private  players viz., Olympiados, Max Healthcare,  Apollo Hospitals,  Krsnaa Diagnostics,  Medanta,  GenWorks,  Apex Hospitals, Jindal Urban Infrastructure,  Vishwaraj Infrastructure,  VA Tec Wabag,  SUEZ India,  Re Sustainability Co.,  Tata Projects,  Abellon Green Energy,  Megha Engineering,  GreenCell Mobility,  Reliance Infrastructure Limited,  Hindustan Construction Company,  Cube Highways,  IRB Infrastructure,  GMR Infrastructure,  Noida International Airport,  Gammon India, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, and attendees from  Shapoorji Pallonji, L&T Infrastructure, PNC Infrastructure, Ashoka Buildcon, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kishan Agro Industries, Incredible Medtech LLP, Dynatom International GmbH, Innovative Technologies and Projects, Aggcon Equipments, Sekura, etc.

During the workshop Project Sponsoring Authorities (PSAs) presented successful PPP Projects executed in aforementioned sectors. Shri Manu Srivastav, Principal Secretary, Government of Madhya Pradesh presented successful REWA project. IDA Bihar gave a presentation on Jayaprabha Hospital on PPP mode, , Goa Waste Management Corporation presented on Solid waste management facility, Housing &Urban Development Department, Government of Odisha on Bhubaneswar Water Supply , Indore Municipal Corporation on Urban Public Transport , Pune Metro Rail Development Authority (PMRDA) on Pune Metro project , Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority (UPEIDA)  on road projects undertaken on PPP mode  and Airport Authority of India (AAI)  on Leasing of Airports on PPP mode.

Each session was concluded by senior officials of the respective Central Infra Line Ministries wherein they assured full support from the Government in overcoming the existing challenges while implementation of PPP projects including remarks from, Shri Amit Ghosh, Additional Secretary of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Shri Vishal Chauhan, Joint secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Shri Kunal Kumar, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Housing And Urban Affairs, Smt. Rubina Ali, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Civil Aviation and Shri Vishwajeet Kumar, Director, Dept. of Higher Education, Ministry of Education.

The workshop witnessed an active participation of 150+ participants that include participants from Private sector infra players, representatives from FICCI, CII, ASSOCHAM , NIIF, Senior Government officials from Central Ministries and State Governments , officials from British High Commission and International Finance Corporation and Transaction Advisers empanelled by DEA.

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Ease of Doing Business further and reduce compliance burden on “small companies"

 The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has taken several measures in the recent past towards ease of doing business and ease of living for the corporates.  These included decriminalisation of various provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 & the LLP Act, 2008, extending fast track mergers to start ups, incentivising incorporation of One Person Companies (OPCs) etc. Earlier, definition of “small companies” under the Companies Act, 2013 was revised by increasing their thresholds for paid up capital from “not exceeding Rs 50 lakh” to “not exceeding Rs 2 crore” and turnover from “not exceeding Rs 2 crore” to “not exceeding Rs 20 crore”. This definition has, now, been further revised by increasing such thresholds for paid up Capital from “not exceeding Rs. 2 crore” to “not exceeding Rs. 4 crore” and turnover from “not exceeding Rs. 20 crore” to “not exceeding Rs. 40 crore”.

Small companies represent the entrepreneurial aspirations and innovation capabilities of lakhs of citizens and contribute to growth and employment in a significant manner. The Government has always been committed to taking measures which create a more conducive business environment for law-abiding companies, including reduction of compliance burden on such companies.

Some of the benefits of reduction in compliance burden as a result of the revised definition for small companies are as under:

  • No need to prepare cash flow statement as part of financial statement.
  • Advantage of preparing and filing an Abridged Annual Return.
  • Mandatory rotation of auditor not required.
  • An Auditor of a small company is not required to report on the adequacy of the internal financial controls and its operating effectiveness in the auditor’s report.
  • Holding of only two board meetings in a year.
  • Annual Return of the company can be signed by the company secretary, or where there is no company secretary, by a director of the company.
  • Lesser penalties for small companies.

The relevant notification issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs is available on the Ministry’s website at the following link:

https://www.mca.gov.in/bin/dms/getdocument?mds=tiMs9IFJ8xuPm%252B%252Foxc6fUw%253D%253D&type=open

Click to see the notification: Small Companies Notification


GOA

 GOA

Goa was formed on 30th May 1987. The capital of Goa is Panaji. The chief languages spoken by people are Marathi and Konkani. The main towns of Goa are Panaji, Margaret, Vasco, Ma- pusa and Ponda. The wildlife sanctuaries are Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, the Bondla wildlife sanctuary, Molem National Park etc. The main beaches are Bogmalo(water sports), Varca, Candolim, Baga, Anjuna, Morjim,Candolim etc. The main waterfalls are Aravelam adjacent to Rudreshwara temple and rock cut caves, the Dudsagar waterfalls downward to it is Devil’s canyon suitable for trekkers and hikers. Tiracol is fort built by Marathas in 1745. Aguada fort built by Portuguese 1609 – 1612. Now used as central prison.Paddy is the main agriculture grown here.Ragi, cashew, coconut are also grown in Goa. Fishing is also main occupation of people. Main sweets of Goa are Bebinca, Dodol,Sanna and delicacies include Bangra, pork vindaloo, sorpotel, chourisso. Other attractions are the Secretariat building, Church of St. Francis of Assisi,Church of St. Austin,Church of St. Monica, Basilica of Bom Jesus,Goa state museum,Colma,Palolem etc.

Need of Engineers Day

 Engineer’s Day

“It is better to work out than rust out” – Sir M Visvesvaraya

Engineers play a crucial role in the development of a nation. On September 15, the country celebrates Engineer’s Day to appreciate the contribution of engineers. The day is celebrated as a tribute to the first, and one of the greatest ever engineers hailing from India Sir M. Visvesvaraya. Visvesvaraya’s contributions to the field of engineering and education are significant. Since 1968, India has celebrated Engineer’s Day on this date every year. 1883.

September 15 is observed as Engineer’s Day in India to mark the birth anniversary of Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya – considered a pioneer in the field of engineering in India. M. Visvesvaraya was also the Diwan of Mysore from 1912 to 1918. In fact, he was the brain behind the Krishnaraja Sagar dam in Mysore as well as the chief designer of the flood protection system for the city of Hyderabad. For 2021, the theme was “Engineering for A Healthy Planet- Celebrating the UNESCO Engineering Report.” As per reports, India has the second largest number of engineers in the world. Often at times, India is also referred to as the country of engineers. The day serves as a reminder to all engineers, especially civil engineers, to make Sir Visvesvaraya their role model and work towards accomplishing goals for the betterment of the country.

What is Empathy

Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference, that is, the capacity to place oneself in another’s position. 

Empathy is, at its simplest, awareness of the feelings and emotions of other people. It is a key element of Emotional Intelligence, the link between self and others, because it is how we as individuals understand what others are experiencing as if we were feeling it ourselves.

Empathy goes far beyond sympathy, which might be considered ‘feeling for’ someone. Empathy, instead, is ‘feeling with’ that person, through the use of imagination.


On the other hand, sympathy involves understanding from your own perspective. Empathy involves putting yourself in the other person’s shoes and understanding why they may have these particular feelings. In becoming aware of the root cause of why a person feels the way they do; we can better understand and provide healthier options.

“Unsympathetic” is a word that may be used to describe a person who lacks empathy. Someone may also use the terms “insensitive or “uncompassionate” to describe people who lack empathy.

 

Signs of a Lack of Empathy

  • Being extremely critical of other people.
  • Blaming the victim.
  • Not forgiving people for making mistakes.
  • Feeling like other people are too sensitive.
  • Not listening to other people’s perspectives or opinions.
  • An inability to cope with emotional situations.

 

What causes lack of empathy?

 

Low emotional intelligence, burnout, and stress
Being under prolonged stress may also lead someone to be less tolerant of other people’s behavior and have lower cognitive empathy. In some cases, emotional avoidance may also be a reason why someone may not develop or practice empathy.

 

Elements of Empathy

 

Understanding Others

Developing Others

Having a Service Orientation

Leveraging Diversity

Political Awareness

1.Understanding Others: This is perhaps what most people understand by ‘empathy’ “sensing others’ feelings and perspectives, and taking an active interest in their concerns”. Those who do this:

·         Tune into emotional cues. They listen well, and also pay attention to non-verbal communication, picking up subtle cues almost subconsciously. For more, see our pages on Listening Skills and Non-Verbal Communication.

·         Show sensitivity, and understand others’ perspectives.

All these are skills which can be developed, but only if you wish to do so. Some people may switch off their emotional antennae to avoid being swamped by the feelings of others.

2. Developing Others: means acting on their needs and concerns, and helping them to develop to their full potential. People with skills in this area usually:

  • Reward and praise people for their strengths and accomplishments, and provide constructive feedback designed to focus on how to improve. See our page on Giving and Receiving Feedback for more.
  • Provide mentoring and coaching to help others to develop to their full potential. See our pages on Mentoring and Coaching Skills for more.
  • Provide stretching assignments that will help their teams to develop. See our page on Delegation Skills.

3. Having a Service Orientation: Primarily aimed at work situations, having a service orientation means putting the needs of customers first and looking for ways to improve their satisfaction and loyalty.

People who have this approach will ‘go the extra mile’ for customers. They will genuinely understand customers’ needs, and go out of their way to help meet them.

In this way, they can become a ‘trusted advisor’ to customers, developing a long-term relationship between customer and organisation. This can happen in any industry, and any situation.

4. Leveraging diversity: means being able to create and develop opportunities through different kinds of people, recognising and celebrating that we all bring something different to the table.

Leveraging diversity does not mean that you treat everyone in exactly the same way, but that you tailor the way you interact with others to fit with their needs and feelings.

5. Political Awareness: Many people view ‘political’ skills as manipulative, but in its best sense, ‘political’ means sensing and responding to a group’s emotional undercurrents and power relationships.

Political awareness can help individuals to navigate organisational relationships effectively, allowing them to achieve where others may previously have failed

Empathy, Sympathy and Compassion

There is an important distinction between empathy, sympathy and compassion.

Both compassion and sympathy are about feeling for someone: seeing their distress and realising that they are suffering. Compassion has taken on an element of action that is lacking in sympathy, but the root of the words is the same.

Empathy, by contrast, is about experiencing those feelings for yourself, as if you were that person, through the power of imagination.

Three Types of Empathy

Psychologists have identified three types of empathy: cognitive empathy, emotional empathy and compassionate empathy.

  • Cognitive empathy is understanding someone’s thoughts and emotions, in a very rational, rather than emotional sense.
  • Emotional empathy is also known as emotional contagion, and is ‘catching’ someone else’s feelings, so that you literally feel them too.
  • Compassionate empathy is understanding someone’s feelings, and taking appropriate action to help.


How Do We Empathize?

Experts in the field of social neuroscience have developed two theories in an attempt to gain a better understanding of empathy. The first, Simulation Theory, “proposes that empathy is possible because when we see another person experiencing an emotion, we ‘simulate’ or represent that same emotion in ourselves so we can know first-hand what it feels like,” according to Psychology Today.

There is a biological component to this theory as well. Scientists have discovered preliminary evidence of “mirror neurons” that fire when humans observe and experience emotion. There are also “parts of the brain in the medial prefrontal cortex (responsible for higher-level kinds of thought) that show overlap of activation for both self-focused and other-focused thoughts and judgments,” the same article explains.

Some experts believe the other scientific explanation of empathy is in complete opposition to Simulation Theory. It’s Theory of Mind, the ability to “understand what another person is thinking and feeling based on rules for how one should think or feel,” Psychology Today says. This theory suggests that humans can use cognitive thought processes to explain the mental state of others. By developing theories about human behaviour, individuals can predict or explain others’ actions, according to this theory.

While there is no clear consensus, it’s likely that empathy involves multiple processes that incorporate both automatic, emotional responses and learned conceptual reasoning. Depending on context and situation, one or both empathetic responses may be triggered.

Cultivating Empathy: Empathy seems to arise over time as part of human development, and it also has roots in evolution. In fact, “Elementary forms of empathy have been observed in our primate relatives, in dogs, and even in rats,” the Greater Good Science Centre says. From a developmental perspective, humans begin exhibiting signs of empathy in social interactions during the second and third years of life.

This suggests we have a natural predisposition to developing empathy. However, social and cultural factors strongly influence where, how, and to whom it is expressed. Empathy is something we develop over time and in relationship to our social environment, finally becoming “such a complex response that it is hard to recognize its origin in simpler responses, such as body mimicry and emotional contagion,” the same source says.

Psychology and Empathy: In the field of psychology, empathy is a central concept. From a mental health perspective, those who have high levels of empathy are more likely to function well in society, reporting “larger social circles and more satisfying relationships,” according to Good Therapy, an online association of mental health professionals. Empathy is vital in building successful interpersonal relationships of all types, in the family unit, workplace, and beyond. Lack of empathy, therefore, is one indication of conditions like antisocial personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder. In addition, for mental health professionals such as therapists, having empathy for clients is an important part of successful treatment.

Empathy plays a crucial role in human, social, and psychological interaction during all stages of life. Consequently, the study of empathy is an ongoing area of major interest for psychologists and neuroscientists in many fields, with new research appearing regularly.

 

How to Develop Empathy at Work

1.Give Your Full Attention: Listen carefully to what someone is trying to tell you. Use your ears, eyes and “gut instincts” to understand the entire message that they’re communicating.

Start with listening out for the key words and phrases that they use, particularly if they use them repeatedly. Then think about how as well as what they’re saying. What’s their tone or body language  telling you? Are they angry, ashamed or scared, for example?

Take this a stage further by listening empathically . Avoid asking direct questions, arguing with what is being said, or disputing facts at this stage. And be flexible – prepare for the conversation to change direction as the other person’s thoughts and feelings also change.

 

2.Consider Other People’s Perspective: You’re likely familiar with the saying, “Before you criticize someone, walk a mile in their shoes.” Examine your own attitude, and keep an open mind. Placing too much emphasis on your own assumptions and beliefs doesn’t leave much space for empathy!

Once you “see” why others believe what they believe, you can acknowledge it. This doesn’t mean you have to agree with it, but this is not the time for a debate. Instead, be sure to show respect and to keep listening.

When in doubt, invite the person to describe their position some more, and ask how they think they might resolve the issue. Asking the right questions  is probably the simplest and most direct way to understand the other person.

3.Take Action: There’s no one “right way” to demonstrate your compassionate empathy. It will depend on the situation, the individual, and their dominant emotion at the time. Remember, empathy is not about what you want, but what the other person wants and needs, so any action you take or suggest must benefit them.

And remember that empathy is not just for crises! Seeing the world from a variety of perspectives is a great talent – and it’s one that you can use all of the time, in any situation. And random acts of kindness brighten anyone’s day.

 

What is ANZIETY

Anxiety is body’s natural response to stress. It’s a feeling of fear or apprehension about what’s to come. For example, going to a job interview or giving a speech on the first day of school may cause some people to feel fearful and nervous.

But if the feelings of anxiety are extreme, last for at least 6 months, and are interfering with your life, then it may be anxiety disorder.

What are anxiety disorders?

It’s normal to feel anxious about moving to a new place, starting a new job, or taking a test. This type of anxiety is unpleasant, but it may motivate us to work harder and do a better job. Ordinary anxiety is a feeling that comes and goes but doesn’t interfere with our everyday life.

In the case of an anxiety disorder, the feeling of fear may be with us all the time. It’s intense and sometimes debilitating.

This type of anxiety may cause us to stop doing things we enjoy. For example, it may prevent us from entering an elevator, crossing the street, or even stepping out of home in extreme cases.

If left untreated, the anxiety will keep getting worse.

Anxiety disorders are the most common form of emotional disorder and can affect anyone. But, according to the American Psychiatric Association, women are more likely than men to receive a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder.

What are the types of anxiety disorders?

Anxiety is a vital part of several different disorders. These include:

1. panic disorder. This means you experience recurring panic attacks at unexpected times.

2. Phobia. This is an excessive fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.

3.Social anxiety disorder. This is an extreme fear of being judged by others in social situations.

4.obsessive-compulsive disorder. This means you have recurring irrational thoughts that lead you to perform specific, repeated behaviours.

5. Separation anxiety disorder. This means you have a fear of being away from home or your loved ones.

6.  anxiety disorder. This is anxiety about your health (formerly called hypochondria).

In addition, a number of mental health and medical conditions may feature anxiety as a symptom. These include:

a. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is anxiety following a traumatic event.

b. Major depressive disorders. A strong relationship exists between depression and anxiety.

c. Chronic disease. Managing conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes may result in anxiety symptoms.

d. Inflammatory conditions. Anxiety can lead to chronic inflammation and diseases such as arthritis

e. substance use disorders: many people with anxiety may try to self-medicate to help manage their symptoms.

f. Chronic pain. Anxiety is often found in those with chronic pain disorders.

What are the symptoms of anxiety?

Anxiety feels different depending on the person experiencing it. Feelings can range from butterflies in your stomach to a racing heart. You might feel out of control like there’s a disconnect between your mind and body.

You may have a general feeling of fear and worry, or you may fear a specific place or event. In some cases, you may experience a panic attack.

Symptoms of anxiety can include:

1.    anxious thoughts or beliefs that are difficult to control

2.    restlessness

3.    trouble concentrating

4.    difficulty falling asleep

5.    fatigue

6.    irritability

7.    unexplained aches and pains

Your anxiety symptoms might be different from someone else’s. That’s why it’s essential to know how anxiety can present itself.

What is a panic attack?

A panic attack is a feeling of intense fear that comes on suddenly and peaks within 10 to 20 minutes. The initial trigger of the fear can be known or unknown.

The physical symptoms can mimic a heart attack. Once you’re experiencing a panic attack, the symptoms may get worse if you believe you may be having a heart attack or having a mental health emergency. Another common fear that may exacerbate a panic attack is the fear that you might be judged negatively if you’re having an attack in public.

Panic attacks can vary greatly, and symptoms may differ among individuals. In addition, the many symptoms of anxiety don’t happen to everyone, and they can change over time.

Common symptoms of a panic attack include:

chest pain

feeling of choking

fear of losing control

feeling of impending doom

sweating, chills, and hot flashes

shaking

numbness and tingling of hands, feet, or face

nausea or upset stomach

shortness of breath

fear of dying

When you experience repeated panic or anxiety attacks, you may have a panic disorder.

What causes anxiety?

1.stress

2.other medical issues such as depression or diabetes

3.first degree relatives with generalized anxiety disorder

4.environmental concerns, such as child abuse

substance use

5.situations such as surgery or occupational hazard

In addition, researchers believe that it stems from the areas of the brain responsible for controlling fear and the storing and retrieval of emotional and fear-related memories.

Who is at risk of anxiety disorders?

With each type of anxiety, there are different risk factors. But there are some general influencesincluding:

1.    Personality traits. This includes shyness and nervousness in childhood.

2.    Life history. This includes being exposed to negative or stressful life events.

3.    Genetics. Of those who have a diagnosis of anxiety, 25 percent  have a first degree relative who also has a diagnosis of anxiety.

4.    Other health conditions. Thyroid problems and other health conditions can make you prone to anxiety.

5.    Stimulants. Consuming caffeine, specific substances, and medications can worsen your symptoms.

Are there tests that diagnose anxiety?

A single test can’t diagnose anxiety. Instead, an anxiety diagnosis requires a lengthy process of physical examinations, mental health tests, and psychological questionnaires.

Some doctors or healthcare professionals may conduct a physical exam, including blood or urine tests to rule out underlying medical conditions that could contribute to the symptoms one is experiencing.

Several anxiety tests and scales are also used to help a doctor assess the level of anxiety.

What are treatments for anxiety?

Treatment for anxiety falls into three categories:

Psychotherapy. Therapy can include cognitive behavioural therapy and exposure response prevention.

Complemental health techniques. Mindfulness, yoga, and self-management strategies such as stress management are ways to treat your anxiety using alternative methods.

Medication. Doctors prescribe antianxiety and antidepressant drugs.

Meeting with a therapist or psychologist can help you learn tools to use and strategies to cope with stress when it occurs.

What natural remedies are used for anxiety?

Lifestyle changes can effectively relieve some of the stress and anxiety you may cope with every day. Most natural “remedies” consist of caring for your body and participating in healthy activities while eliminating unhealthy ones.

These include:

a. getting enough sleep

b.  meditating

c. staying active and exercising

d. eating a healthy diet

e.  avoiding alcohol

f. avoiding caffeine

g. quitting smoking cigarettes 

h.  Anxiety and depression

if you have an anxiety disorder, you may also be experiencing depression. While anxiety and depression can occur separately, it’s not unusual for mental health disorders to happen together.

Anxiety can be a symptom of clinical or major depression. Likewise, worsening symptoms of depression can become triggered by an anxiety disorder.

You can manage symptoms of both conditions with many of the same treatments: psychotherapy (counselling), medications, and lifestyle changes.

Why it’s important to address your mental health

It’s important for people to address their mental health to live lives that are fulfilling. Acknowledging and treating your mental health helps create resilience. It also teaches you to better cope. Then when a similar situation occurs, you are equipped to handle it.

Stressful situations are going to happen. How you react can determine how these situations will affect you. Many resources are available regarding anxiety, depression and stress.

SERENA WILLIAMS

 

Serena Williams 

“In my career, I have never given up. In matches, I don’t give up” .These are the words spoken by the legend Serena Williams, who had brought and achieved great victories ever in world history of tennis. Serena had won 23 grand slam single titles, 14 grand slam doubles titles, 2 grand slam mixed doubles titles, 4 Olympic gold medals( three in doubles and one in singles), 10 grand slam singles titles won after turning 30, it was an Open Era record ever. Serena Williams had won 73 WTA titles and 5 WTA finals (year end championship crowns) .She had won 367 match wins at Major plays. She was brought up in Compton who grow up to become one of the greatest athletes of all time. She is an American tennis player who revolutionized women’s tennis with her powerful style of and won 23 grand slam titles than any other man or woman during open Era. In 1999 U.S Open tournament Serena and Venus Williams won doubles event. Together as a team they have won 14 Grand slam doubles titles. In 2002, Serena Williams won the French Open, Wimbledon and U.S Open tournaments by defeating her sister Venus Williams.In 2003vshe won Australian Open and completed a career grand slam by having all 4 of slams during the tournament. Serena is also noted for her fashion and styles, she bore bold outfits that highlighted her strength and challenged traditional, conservative society.

Fading CYBER PROTECTION

 Fading Of Cyber protection

Data security breaches result in the loss and theft of personal, sensitive data haven’t reduced their impact. Today any person or business within and outside India is still in position where in slight bargain they can procure personal information for vast majority of people , categorized and labeled for use and consumption. Data is used most often by some legitimate advertising agencies, unscrupulous telemarketing firms and Cyber criminals. Brokers of such Data in fact become so brazen where they have taken listing goods foe sale on mainstream e-commerce platforms. This may be done to reach more customers who can discover and subsequently purchase the data they provide, also attempt to lend some kind if legitimacy to unethical and possibly illegal nature of their trade. It leaves the general population to the range of harm in form of elaborate phishing attacks and financial scams aided by attackers access to personal information as well as other harmful activities which rely on attacker posses information about each individual.

The threat model for general user of internet comprise Cyber criminals and unscrupulous businesses, individuals with certain political and intellectual affinities have found they worry about the capabilities of government in this area. They are concerned about their security and integrity of their electronic devices. In January 2022 there was an investigation by the New York Times gives debate and problems that had existed around the alleged use of Pegasus Spyware in India. The investigation revealed that Indian government had purchased access to Pegasus Spyware suite in 2017 as part of roughly $ 2 billion acquisition deal for weapons and miscellaneous surveillance gear from Israel. It targeted Indian nationals.

PINCODE

 

PINCODE

India Post introduced six digit Postal Index Number(PIN) code on August 15, 1972. It was needed to give unique identity to all physical addresses of the country in terms of delivery jurisdictions of post offices. The code help to solve the challenge of inaccurate addressing and ensure accurate and fast delivery by post offices. The postal code is known differently in different countries postcode, zip code etc is alpha numeric or numeric number that is included in postal address for easy identification of the sorting district and the addresse’s delivery post office. The Universal Postal Union says 160 countries of the world have introduced postal codes. The codes were introduced in Germany in 1944. The code was originally designed to help postal operations but today it is used by couriers, e- commerce players and various other service providers as means of locational identification of a person.

The proportion of PIN coded mails in India improved after the introduction of computerized billing by utility service providers and launching of KYC norms by banks, where giving complete accurate address was made compulsory. The PIN code helps in taking piece of mail to addresses post office. The delivery jurisdiction of the post office is divided into beats and there is a postman assigned to each beat. Beat sorting at post office is done manually in India. The system of postal code that was introduced 50 years ago may not be operationally relevant in the new role of post office.