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Pariksha Pe Charcha -Empowering Students, Transforming Lives

Examinations are often a source of stress for students and their families, but the “Pariksha Pe Charcha” (PPC) initiative by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been transforming this narrative. Scheduled for 11 AM on February 10, 2025, this year’s PPC will once again serve as an interactive platform where the Prime Minister directly engages with students, teachers, and parents. Each edition of PPC highlights innovative approaches to tackle exam-related anxiety, fostering a celebratory attitude toward learning and life.

The Record-Breaking PPC 2025

The 8th edition of PPC, scheduled on 10 February 2025, has already set a new benchmark. With over 5 crore participation, this year’s program exemplifies its status as a Jan Andolan, inspiring collective celebration of learning This year, 36 students from all State and UT, have been selected from State / UT Board Government schools, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Sainik School, Eklavya Model Residential School, CBSE and Navodaya Vidyalaya. Pariksha Pe Charcha 2025 will feature seven insightful episodes, bringing together renowned personalities from diverse fields to guide students on essential aspects of life and learning. Each episode will address key themes:

  • Sports & Discipline – M.C. Mary Kom, Avani Lekhara, and Suhas Yathiraj will discuss goal setting, resilience, and stress management through discipline.
  • Mental Health – Deepika Padukone will emphasize the importance of emotional well-being and self-expression.
  • Nutrition – Experts Shonali Sabherwal, Rujuta Diwekar, and Revant Himatsingka (Food Farmer) will highlight healthy eating habits, sleep, and overall well-being.
  • Technology & Finance – Gaurav Chaudhary (Technical Guruji) and Radhika Gupta will explore technology as a learning tool and financial literacy.
  • Creativity & Positivity – Vikrant Massey and Bhumi Pednekar will inspire students to cultivate positivity and manage negative thoughts.
  • Mindfulness & Mental Peace – Sadhguru will introduce practical mindfulness techniques for mental clarity and focus.
  • Stories of Success – Toppers from UPSC, IIT-JEE, CLAT, CBSE, NDA, ICSE, and past PPC participants will share how PPC shaped their preparation and mindset.

A Journey Through the Years

 2024: Nationwide participation.

The seventh edition of PPC, held on January 29, 2024, was expansive with 2.26 crore registrations on the MyGov portal, it reflects the program’s immense popularity and relevance. For the first time, 100 students from Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) participated, symbolizing the inclusivity of the initiative. The event was held in a town-hall format at Bharat Mandapam, ITPO, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, with approximately 3,000 participants, including students, teachers, parents, and winners of the Kala Utsav.

Pariksha Par Charcha 2024

2023: Widening Participation 

The 6th Edition of PPC was conducted on 27 January 2023 at Talkatora Stadium, New Delhi. Hon’ble Prime Minister of India interacted with students, teachers and parents during this programme and gave his valuable suggestions/ inputs to all stakeholders. The programme was telecast live by many TV Channels and YouTube channels. 718110 students, 42337 employees and 88544 Parents viewed the live programme of PPC-2023. The interaction of the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India with students, teachers and parents was inspiring, motivating thought-provoking for all.

Pariksha Par Charcha 2023

2022: The Revival of Physical Interactions

5th Edition of PPC was conducted on 1st April 2022 at Talkatora Stadium, New Delhi. Hon’ble Prime Minister of India has interacted with students, teachers and parents in this programme and has given them his valuable suggestions/ inputs. 9,69,836 students, 47,200 employee and 1,86,517 parents viewed the live programme of Pariksha Pe Charcha-2022. The programme was telecast live by the many TV Channels and YouTube channel etc

Pariksha Par Charcha 2022

2021: The Virtual Connection

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the fourth edition of PPC was held online on 7 April 2021. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the interaction continued to inspire students and their families. The focus shifted to resilience and adaptability, teaching life skills to help students navigate uncertain times.

Pariksha Par Charcha 2021

2020: Expanding Participation

The unique Town Hall format of the event in which the Hon’ble Prime Minister directly interacted with school students at the Talkatora Stadium, New Delhi was held on 20th January, 2020.  The event broadened its scope with an online competition for students that received  2.63 lakh entries. Students from all over India and also Indian students residing abroad from 25 countries participated. The event highlighted the need to embrace challenges as stepping stones for success.

Pariksha Par Charcha 2020

2019: Growing Reach 

On January 29, 2019, the second edition of PPC took place at the same venue, witnessing an even greater level of participation. The interaction, which lasted for over ninety minutes, saw students, teachers and parents relax, laugh, and repeatedly applaud the Prime Minister’s observations, which included a touch of humour and wit.

Pariksha Par Charcha 2019

2018: The Inaugural Interaction

The first-ever Pariksha Pe Charcha was held on February 16, 2018, at Talkatora Stadium, New Delhi. There were more than 2500 students from schools and colleges who were present in Talkatora Stadium of 16th February, 2018 for the interaction and more than 8.5 Crore students from across the country viewed or heard the programme on DD/TV Channels/ Radio Channels. The Prime Minister emphasized holistic development, resilience, and the importance of maintaining balance during exams. The event’s success set the tone for future editions.

Pariksha Par Charcha 2018

The Impact of Pariksha Pe Charcha

Over the years, PPC has evolved into an opportunity aimed at transforming exam-related stress into positive energy. By addressing real questions and offering actionable solutions, Prime Minister Modi has bridged the gap between policy and practice, empowering students to thrive under pressure. The program’s inclusivity, digital reach, and innovative approaches ensure its continued success as a cornerstone of student engagement in India. With each passing year, PPC reinforces the message that exams are not the end but a beginning!

References

Annual report 2023-24 to 2018-19. https://www.education.gov.in/documents_reports?field_documents_reports_tid=All&field_documents_reports_category_tid=All&title=&page=1

https://innovateindia1.mygov.in/#skip-main
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2092794
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2000010
https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1561793
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2100184

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Daily writing prompt
What were your parents doing at your age?
View all responses

Aero India 2025 at Yelahanka Air Force Station in Bengaluru on February 10, 2025

Daily writing prompt
What were your parents doing at your age?
View all responses

The 15th edition of Aero India, Asia’s biggest aerospace and defence exhibition, will be inaugurated by Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh at the Yelahanka Air Force Station in Bengaluru, Karnataka on February 10, 2025. With the broad theme of ‘The Runway to a Billion Opportunities’, the five-day extravaganza will showcase India’s aerial prowess and indigenous cutting-edge innovations alongside state-of-the-art products of global aerospace companies. In line with ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ and ‘Make in India, Make for the World’ vision, the event will also provide a stage to forge international collaborations to fast-track the indigenisation process, thereby providing a thrust to Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi-led Government’s resolve of making the country Viksit Bharat by 2047.

Addressing a press conference in Bengaluru on the eve of the event, Raksha Mantri described Aero India as a crucial platform, which will drive forward the Government’s vision of a strong, capable India, secure and self-reliant India. “Aero India is a platform that showcases the strength, resilience, and self-reliance of New India. It is not just crucial for India’s defence preparedness, but it also plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of our nation. It will demonstrate our defence capabilities and forge global partnerships. Our goal is to enhance collaboration in areas of common interest with our friendly nations, fostering deeper cooperation and shared progress. The event is not just a showcase of technology and innovation, but will also serve as a source of inspiration for our youth, fostering scientific temperament and a spirit of innovation,” he said.

Organised in a total area of over 42,000 sq m and with the confirmed participation of over 900 exhibitors, including 150 foreign companies, the event is set to be the biggest-ever Aero India till date. Shri Rajnath Singh termed the participation of more than 90 countries as a testament to the growing global confidence in India’s aerospace and defence capabilities. “Defence ministers or representatives from about 30 countries have come to participate in this event. The presence of Air Chiefs and Secretaries from 43 countries further highlights the significance of this event – not just for India, but for the entire international defence community,” he said.

Highlighting the transformation of the defence and aerospace sector in the recent years, Raksha Mantri asserted that, today, India is not only capable of designing and developing major platforms and equipment within India, it has also successfully established a vast supply chain within the country. “Advanced platforms like Light Combat Aircraft Tejas, Light Combat Helicopter Prachand and C-295 Transport Aircraft are now being produced in India. We have also taken a firm resolve to manufacture fifth-generation fighter aircraft within the country. From the advanced variants of the Agni missile, the Astra missile system, and the Pinaka missile system to the cutting-edge Hypersonic missile system and the Akash air defence system, we have built numerous success stories. These achievements have played a crucial role in strengthening our defence sector, making India more self-reliant and secure,” he said.

Shri Rajnath Singh added that post corporatisation of Ordnance Factory Board, the newly formed companies have started performing exceptionally well in defence production. “Under a well-considered and well-developed plan, we have actively worked to empower the private sector in the defence and aerospace industries. Today, India has a thriving private defence industry that has firmly established itself and is making significant contributions to our national security,” he said.

Raksha Mantri expressed confidence that defence production, having crossed the record figure of Rs 1.27 lakh crore, will exceed Rs 1.60 lakh crore by the end of 2025-26. Defence exports, which touched the record figure of Rs 21,000 crore, he said, will surpass Rs 30,000 crore.

Shri Rajnath Singh underlined the crucial role being played by the defence industrial sector in making India an economic super power. He stated that any breakthrough in the defence sector not only strengthens national security, but also impacts the economy. Technologies developed for defence applications promote innovation in the civil sector as well, leading to employment generation and economic development, he said. He termed Aero India a significant driver of economic strength, contributing to the overall growth and development of the economy. He expressed confidence that Aero India will be remembered as a historic milestone in India’s journey towards becoming a global leader in the aerospace and defence sector.

The 15th Aero India will be held between 10th and 14th February 2025. February 10th to 12th have been reserved as business days, with 13th & 14th set as public days for people to witness the show. The event comprises Defence Ministers’ Conclave; CEOs Roundtable; inauguration of India & iDEX Pavilions; Manthan iDEX event; Samarthya Indigenisation event; Valedictory function; seminars; breath-taking airshows and an exhibition of aerospace companies.

Defence Ministers’ Conclave

With the aim to strengthen defence cooperation with friendly nations amidst a rapidly-evolving global security landscape, Raksha Mantri will host the Defence Ministers’ Conclave on February 11 in hybrid mode. The theme this year ‘Building Resilience through International Defence and Global Engagement (BRIDGE)’ underscores the importance of supply chain resilience and strategic collaboration in defence.

The last edition witnessed the participation of 27 Defence Ministers and Deputy Defence Ministers alongside 15 Defence & Service Chiefs and 12 Permanent Secretaries. This year, the participation has expanded as representatives from more than 80 countries are likely to participate in the conclave. Approx. 30 Defence Ministers in addition to Defence/Service Chiefs and Permanent Secretaries from friendly nations will attend the event.

The conclave will provide a crucial platform to address key aspects such as Defence capacity building through investment, joint ventures & co-production, Collaboration in R&D, training & technological advancements in AI & space, Maritime security cooperation and strategic partnerships.

CEOs Roundtable

CEOs Roundtable 2025 will be chaired by Raksha Mantri on February 10, on the theme ‘Enabling Defence Cooperation through Global Engagement (EDGE)’. Over 100 Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) have confirmed their participation in the event. These include 55 from 19 countries (USA, France, Russia, South Korea, UK, Japan, Israel & Brazil etc), 35 Indian (Larsen & Toubro, Bharat Forge Ltd, Adani Defence & Aerospace, Mahindra Defence Systems Ltd, BrahMos Aerospace & Ashok Leyland Defence) and 16 Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs). Shri Rajnath Singh had addressed over 73 CEOs of 28 Foreign OEMs and 45 Indian OEMs in the 2023 edition of the event.

Major foreign OEMs including Airbus (France), Ultra Maritime (USA), GNT (South Korea), John Cockerill Defence (UK), Mitsubishi (Japan), Rafael Advance Defence System (Israel), Safran (France) and Liebherr Aerospace (France) are expected to highlight their future plans, Joint Ventures, collaborations, partnerships with Indian companies for production of spares parts, development of aero-engines, setting up of Maintenance, Repair and Operations (MRO) facilities and establishment of R&D facilities etc.

India Pavilion

The India Pavilion will provide an opportunity to Indian Defence Industries to showcase their design, development, innovation and manufacturing capabilities. It will be inaugurated by Raksha Mantri on February 10. The grandeur show at India Pavilion would signify the ‘Flight of Self-Reliance’ which encapsulates India’s journey towards becoming a global aerospace and defence powerhouse.

India Pavilion will be divided into five distinct zones displaying indigenous capabilities in aero aviation, land aviation and naval aviation, def-space and niche technologies domains.  More than 275 exhibits will be at display through various mediums, represented by complete defence ecosystem of the country which includes DPSUs, design houses, private corporates including MSMEs and start-ups. The Central Area exhibits will include a striking display of marquee platforms including Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft, Combat Air Teaming System, Twin-Engine Deck-Based Fighter.

iDEX Pavilion

 The iDEX Pavilion will be inaugurated by Raksha Mantri on February 10. It will showcase cutting-edge indigenously developed products and technologies, marking a significant milestone in India’s defence innovation journey. Leading innovators will display their indigenously-developed products spanning a wide-range of advanced domains including Aerospace, DefSpace, Aero Structures, Anti-drone systems, Autonomous Systems, Robotics, Communication, Cybersecurity, Surveillance & Tracking, Unmanned Ground Vehicles etc. The Pavilion will also feature a dedicated section highlighting the winners of Acing Development of Innovative Technologies with iDEX (ADITI) scheme, showcasing their ground-breaking work in critical and niche technologies.

iDEX has successfully onboarded over 600 start-ups and MSMEs, marking a significant milestone in fostering innovation. Furthermore, 40 prototypes developed under iDEX have received official clearance for procurement, with 31 procurement contracts worth Rs 1,560 crore already signed.

Manthan

Manthan 2025, the flagship annual defence innovation event, will be graced by Raksha Mantri on February 12. Organised by Innovations for Defence Excellence – Defence Innovation Organisation (iDEX-DIO), the event will bring together stakeholders of the defence innovation ecosystem including innovators, industry leaders, academia, incubators, investors, thought leaders, senior government officials etc.

Manthan will deliberate on emerging challenges and opportunities in the sector, with a focus on supporting defence start-ups and MSMEs, enhancing innovation capabilities, and fostering strategic collaborations within the defence ecosystem. It stands as a testament to the scale and speed of iDEX, showcasing the rapid strides made in defence innovation and the pivotal role of start-ups in transforming India’s defence capabilities.

Samarthya

On the success story of indigenisation and innovation in the defence sector, an Indigenisation event on the theme ‘SAMARTHYA’ will be held on February 12 alongside the Valedictory function which will be graced by Raksha Mantri. This event is first-of-its-kind during Aero India, as it will showcase India’s indigenous ingenuity in defence manufacturing by demonstrating some of the major items indigenised by DPSUs, DRDO and Services with the involvement of the private sector.

Bilateral Meetings

Bilateral meetings at the levels of Raksha Mantri/Raksha Rajya Mantri/Chief of Defence Staff/Service Chiefs/Defence Secretary/Secretary (Defence Production) will take place on the sidelines of Aero India 2025.

Seminars

A number of seminars on a variety of topics will be organised as part of Aero India 2025. On February 11, Raksha Mantri is scheduled to address a seminar organised by the Indian Air Force on the theme ‘Manned Unmanned teams for Aerial Warfare – concept to targeting’ and another organised by DRDO on the theme ‘DRDO Industry Synergy towards Viksit Bharat’.

Other seminars on the themes – Mission DefSpace: From Vision to Reality – A Progress Report; Indigenous Development of Aerospace Materials: Strengthening India’s Self-Reliance; Transition to Aatmanirbhar Indian Naval Aviation 2047 and its associated ecosystem; Transformation of Maritime Aviation by Adopting Technological trends and Indigenisation; Aligning Technologies to Future Conflicts; and Investment Opportunities for Aerospace & Defence Manufacturers in Karnataka – will also be held as part of the event.

Historic First – Su-57 and F-35 at Aero India

For the first time in history, Aero India 2025 will witness the participation of two of the world’s most advanced fifth-generation fighter aircraft – the Russian Su-57 and the American F-35 Lightning II. It marks a milestone in global defence collaboration and technological advancement, offering aviation enthusiasts and defence experts an unparalleled prospect to witness these state-of-the-art warplanes.

  • Su-57: Russia’s premier stealth multirole fighter is designed for superior air superiority and strike capabilities. Equipped with advanced avionics, supercruise capability, and stealth technology, it is making its debut at Aero India 2025. Visitors can expect high-speed aerial manoeuvres and tactical demonstrations that highlight the fighter’s agility, stealth and firepower.
  • F-35 Lightning II: The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, the most widely-deployed fifth-generation fighter, integrates advanced stealth, unparalleled situational awareness and networked combat capabilities. Its presence at Aero India 2025 will enable visitors to witness the flagship of US Air Force.

The inclusion of both the Su-57 and F-35 highlights India’s position as a key hub for international defence and aerospace collaboration. Aero India 2025 will provide a rare side-by-side comparison of Eastern and Western fifth-generation fighter technology, offering defence analysts, military personnel and aviation enthusiasts valuable insights into their respective capabilities.

Visitor-Friendly Experience

With key infrastructure upgrades and improved amenities, Aero India 2025 promises to be bigger, smoother and more visitor-friendly than ever before.

  • Enhanced Infrastructure & Traffic Management: Recognising past challenges, extensive improvements have been made to facilitate seamless entry, movement and connectivity and there has been close coordination between Ministry of Defence, Indian Air Force (IAF), various arms of Karnataka State Government like Bengaluru Traffic Police, BBMP, NHAI, and Namma Metro. Approach roads have been widened to optimise traffic flow around Air Force Station Yelahanka so as to ease congestion and improve movement around the venue.
  • Security and Emergency Preparedness: Red drone zones have been designated and published with countermeasures in place to tackle unauthorised drone activity. Rapid Mobile Units will be deployed strategically to provide quick assistance and emergency support. Continuous mock drills with multiple agencies are being conducted to ensure practical and implementable contingency plans.
  • Exhibitor & Visitor Experience Enhancements: To enhance the experience for exhibitors and business delegates, the exhibition area has been revamped with several key upgrades:
  • Expanded and better-ventilated exhibition halls to accommodate more exhibitors and visitors comfortably.
  • Improved seating and rest zones throughout the venue.
  • Additional food courts and refreshment kiosks, including Indira Canteens (at parking areas).
  • Lost and found counters and ATM kiosks for visitor convenience.
  • Multiple water points, medical aid posts, and a dedicated cardiac aid post for emergencies, including medical evacuation.
  • Multi-Layered Security Measures: Ensuring the safety of all attendees, a multi-layered security system is being deployed in collaboration with the Ministry of Home Affairs, Bengaluru Police, CISF, and Intelligence Agencies. Measures include:
  • Enhanced security protocols and faster access control.
  • An operational Command and Control Centre for real-time responses to security concerns.
  • 24/7 CCTV monitoring for situational awareness.
  • Dedicated screening zones for visitors, exhibitors, and VIPs.
  • Disaster management and fire safety committees to handle emergencies.
  • Connectivity & Digital Infrastructure: To address connectivity challenges, all telecom service providers are deploying temporary mobile towers and network boosters for uninterrupted communication. A dedicated Aero India 2025 mobile app has also been launched which will provide live updates, navigation assistance, and event scheduling. Secure digital communication channels have also been established for coordination among agencies. Additionally, provisions have been made to support increased electricity demands during the event while ensuring safety.
  • Airspace Management & Demonstrations: Aero India demonstrations and aircraft movements are a major highlight of Aero India 2025. In coordination with AAI and HAL, the Indian Air Force has structured a dedicated Airspace management plan including:
  • Temporary flight restrictions around Aero India Force Station Yelahanka to maintain safety during scheduled demonstrations.
  • Strategic Aircraft parking and refuelling plans for domestic and international participants.
  • Business and Innovation Support: The Aero India provides a platform for collaborations and to facilitate B2B, G2B interactions and hosting roundtable discussions to showcase technological advancements. Special focus will be given to supporting start-ups and MSMEs by providing them with a global platform to present indigenous innovations.
  • Sustainability Initiatives: Aero India 2025 is committed to sustainability and has incorporated several eco-friendly measures in its conduct like:
  • Reduced vehicle movement to minimise pollution and enhance pedestrian comfort.
  • Exclusive use of more than 100 E Karts for movement of visitors in the exhibition venue.
  • Comprehensive waste management, including increased recycling bins, waste segregation zones, and timely disposal of waste.

With these multi-agency collaborations, Aero India 2025 is set to be one of the most well-coordinated and better organised editions to date.

Raksha Rajya Mantri Shri Sanjay Seth, Chief of Defence Staff & Secretary, Department of Military Affairs General Anil Chauhan, Chief Secretary, Government of Karnataka Dr Shalini Rajneesh, Secretary (Defence Production) Shri Sanjeev Kumar, Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Chairman DRDO Dr Samir V Kamat, other senior officials of Ministry of Defence and industry leaders attended the curtain raiser press conference.

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Why AAP lost Election in Delhi

The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) lost the 2025 Delhi Assembly elections due to a combination of political, legal, and governance-related factors. Here are the key reasons:

1. Legal Troubles & Corruption Allegations

  • AAP leaders, including Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal and Manish Sisodia, faced serious legal challenges in cases related to the Delhi liquor policy scam.
  • Kejriwal’s arrest by the Enforcement Directorate (ED) just before the elections significantly weakened the party’s campaign.
  • Allegations of corruption eroded public trust, making BJP’s anti-corruption narrative stronger.

2. BJP’s Strong Strategy & Modi Factor

  • BJP effectively capitalized on AAP’s weaknesses and positioned itself as a clean and stable alternative.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s popularity played a major role in BJP’s success.
  • BJP aggressively targeted AAP on governance failures, corruption, and law-and-order issues.

3. Declining Public Trust in AAP

  • AAP’s focus shifted from governance to legal battles, leading to public discontent.
  • Voters who supported AAP in 2015 and 2020, particularly from the middle class, began questioning the party’s credibility.

4. I.N.D.I.A Alliance & Congress Factor

  • The I.N.D.I.A bloc (Opposition alliance), which included AAP and Congress, failed to effectively coordinate their campaign.
  • Congress did not fully support AAP, leading to a split in anti-BJP votes.

5. Lack of New Governance Initiatives

  • AAP had built its success on free electricity, water, and education reforms, but by 2025, these policies lost their novelty.
  • Issues like deteriorating air quality, water shortages, and unfulfilled promises hurt AAP’s credibility.

6. BJP’s Booth-Level Mobilization

  • BJP worked extensively at the grassroots level, mobilizing voters effectively.
  • The party also gained support from migrants, traders, and youth, who were disappointed with AAP’s governance.

Final Takeaway

While AAP started as an anti-corruption movement, its governance and leadership were overshadowed by legal troubles and controversies. BJP seized this opportunity and presented itself as a stable, corruption-free alternative, leading to its historic win after 27 years in Delhi.

Would you like a deeper analysis of any specific aspect?

Who will be Next CM of Delhi

As of February 9, 2025, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has secured a majority in the Delhi Legislative Assembly elections, winning 48 out of 70 seats. This victory marks the BJP’s return to power in Delhi after 27 years.

The party has not yet officially announced its choice for the next Chief Minister. Several prominent BJP leaders are considered potential candidates for the position:

  • Parvesh Verma: He achieved a significant victory by defeating Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) leader Arvind Kejriwal in the New Delhi constituency. Parvesh Verma is the son of former Delhi Chief Minister Sahib Singh Verma and has a notable political lineage.
  • Vijender Gupta: A seasoned politician, Gupta has previously served as the Leader of Opposition in the Delhi Assembly and has been an active member of the BJP’s Delhi unit.
  • Virendra Sachdeva: Serving as the current president of the BJP’s Delhi unit, Sachdeva has played a pivotal role in the party’s recent electoral success in the capital.
  • Harish Khurana: Contesting from the Moti Nagar constituency, Khurana is the son of former Delhi Chief Minister Madan Lal Khurana and holds significant positions within the BJP’s Delhi unit.
  • Bansuri Swaraj: The daughter of the late BJP leader Sushma Swaraj, Bansuri has recently entered politics and won the New Delhi seat in the Lok Sabha elections.

The final decision regarding the Chief Ministerial candidate will be made by the BJP’s central leadership. Parvesh Verma, when asked about the possibility of becoming the Chief Minister, stated that the party’s high command will make the determination.

As the situation develops, an official announcement is anticipated in the coming days.

For more insights into the potential candidates and the BJP’s victory in Delhi, you might read more.

IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University)

IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) offers various courses and programs through different schools. Here are some of the schools and their respective groups:

Schools and Groups

  1. School of Social Sciences (SOSS)
    1. Bachelor of Arts (BA)
    2. Bachelor of Social Work (BSW)
    3. Master of Arts (MA) in various disciplines
  2. School of Humanities (SOH)
    1. Bachelor of Arts (BA) in various disciplines
    2. Master of Arts (MA) in various disciplines
  3. School of Education (SOE)
    1. Bachelor of Education (B.Ed)
    2. Master of Education (M.Ed)
    3. Diploma in Elementary Education (DElEd)
  4. School of Sciences (SOS)
    1. Bachelor of Science ((link unavailable)) in various disciplines
    2. Master of Science ((link unavailable)) in various disciplines
  5. School of Management Studies (SOMS)
    1. Master of Business Administration (MBA)
    2. Post-Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDIM)
  6. School of Law (SOL)
    1. Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Law (BA LLB)
    2. Master of Laws (LLM)
  7. School of Engineering and Technology (SOET)
    1. Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in various disciplines
    2. Master of Technology (M.Tech) in various disciplines
  8. School of Health Sciences (SOHS)
    1. Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BScN)
    2. Master of Science in Nursing (MScN)
    3. Post Basic Bachelor of Science in Nursing (PBBScN)
  9. School of Computer and Information Sciences (SOCIS)
    1. Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
    2. Master of Computer Applications (MCA)
    3. Post-Graduate Diploma in Computer Applications (PGDCA)
  10. School of Continuing Education (SOCE)
    1. Certificate and Diploma programs in various disciplines

Please note that the courses and programs offered by IGNOU may change over time. It’s always best to check the official IGNOU website for the most up-to-date information.

Minister of Education felicitate Super-100 winners of Veer Gatha 4.0

Daily writing prompt
How do significant life events or the passage of time influence your perspective on life?
View all responses

RakshaMantri Shri Rajnath Singh and Minister for Education Shri Dharmendra Pradhan felicitated the Super-100 winners of Veer Gatha 4.0 in New Delhi on January 25, 2025. Among the 100 winners, 66 are girls from different parts of the country. During the felicitation ceremony, each winner was presented with a cash prize of Rs. 10,000, a medal and a certificate. These Super-100 are among the approx. 10,000 Special Guests, who will be witnessing the Republic Day Parade at Kartavya Path on January 26, 2025.

In his address, RakshaMantri congratulated the winners and appreciated the joint efforts of Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Education towards achieving Veer Gatha’s objective of connecting the youth with the glorious history of the country’s bravehearts. He acknowledged the pan-India participation of over 1.76 crore students in this fourth edition of the Project, stating that it is providing recognition to the bravehearts through education. He commended the intelligence, enthusiasm and patriotism of the students who participated in the competition.

Expressing delight over the fact that 2/3rd of the Super-100 winners of Veer Gatha 4.0 are girls, Shri Rajnath Singh made special mention of a Class 10 student named ‘Nemneineng’ from Manipur, who had lost her parents when she was a child. RakshaMantri commended her perseverance for not giving up her studies despite numerous difficulties and securing a place among the winners.

Explaining the true meaning of a ‘hero’ to the students present on the occasion, RakshaMantri asserted that a hero works for the upliftment of the nation; whose work gives a new direction to the society. He added that the youth are future heroes of India and they will play a major role in making India ‘Viksit Bharat’ by 2047, as envisioned by the Government, led by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi.

“India’s stature has grown on the global stage due to the Prime Minister’s dynamic leadership. Today, when we speak on any international forum, the whole world listens. This has been made possible due to the hard work of every Indian, including our brave soldiers, scientists and young ignited minds. We have a major young population of about 50 crore youth. How can a country with such creative minds not develop?,” Shri Rajnath Singh asked the students.

RakshaMantri exhorted them to continue taking inspiration from bravehearts such as freedom fighters Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Ashfaqulla Khan and courageous soldiers, whose bravery and sacrifice will never be forgotten. He termed the sense of national pride as the most crucial aspect for the development of any country.

Shri Rajnath Singh encouraged students to not feel afraid in the face of challenges and continue moving forward towards their goals with confidence & good intent. He urged them to never allow the feeling of ego creep into their hearts, even when they touch greater heights. Always remaining polite and modest is the key, he said.

Speaking on the occasion, Minister for Education Shri Dharmendra Pradhan emphasised that initiatives like Veer Gatha educate school students about the valour and sacrifices of the brave gallantry award winners while nurturing the creativity of young minds. He highlighted the record-breaking participation of 1.76 crore students from over 2.5 lakh schools who engaged in activities such as drawing, painting, and essay writing, paying heartfelt tributes to the heroes for their immense service and sacrifice to the nation.

The Minister of Education also noted that this initiative would help instil values of patriotism, grit, and national pride, inspiring students to contribute to the nation’s progress. Congratulating every student who participated with enthusiasm and respect for the gallantry award winners, he lauded the Super-100 awardees for their success. Wishing them a bright future, he remarked that their enthusiasm and creativity would serve them well in life.

During the event, ParamVir Chakra Awardee Subedar Major Sanjay Kumar shared his inspiring experience from the 1999 Kargil War, urging students to embody the values of bravery, selflessness and integrity in their lives. “True bravery lies not only in combat but in standing up for what is right in everyday life,” he said, inspiring the young participants.

RakshaRajyaMantri Shri Sanjay Seth, Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan, Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi, Chief of the Air Staff Air Chief Marshal AP Singh, Secretary, Department of School Education & Literacy Shri Sanjay Kumar, Secretary (Defence Production) Shri Sanjeev Kumar, Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Chairman DRDO Dr Samir V Kamat, Vice Chief of the Army Staff Lt Gen NS Raja Subramani and other senior officials attended the event.

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Prizes for National School Band Competition 6.0

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Union Minister of State for Defence, Shri Sanjay Seth, gave away prizes for the National School Band Competition 6.0. Secretary, Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSEL), Ministry of Education, Shri Sanjay Kumar and Additional Secretary,DoSEL, Shri Anandrao V. Patilwere also present at the event.

Shri Sanjay Seth, while addressing the audience, praised the exceptional performance of the young participants, describing the event as a mini replica of the nation. Highlighting the individual performances of several teams, he urged students to reduce their reliance on mobile devices, as advised by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, and to engage in outdoor activities and creative pursuits. He encouraged the students to become brand ambassadors of the Viksit Bharat of 2047.

Shri Anandrao V. Patil, in his address, encouraged students to carry forward the message of Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat, as envisioned by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, and to contribute to nation-building with a nation-first approach.

In the Brass Band – Girls category, Government Sr. Sec. School West Point, Gangtok, Sikkim, secured the First Prize. St. Joseph’s Convent Sr. Sec. School, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, received the Second Prize, while St. Joseph’s Anglo-Indian Girl’s Higher Secondary School, Kozhikode, Kerala, earned the Third Prize. The team from GayatriVidyapeeth, Shantikunj, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, received the Consolation Prize.

In the Brass Band – Boys category, the First Prize went to Prince Lotus Valley, Sikar, Rajasthan. St. Xavier’s Higher Secondary School, Pathaliyaghat, Sepahijala, Tripura, won the Second Prize, and Pinegrove School, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, secured the Third Prize. The team from St. Xavier’s English Medium School, Pathalgaon, Chhattisgarh, received the Consolation Prize.

In the Pipe Band – Girls category, the First Prize was awarded to PM SHRI KGBV Patamda, PurbiSinghbhum, Jharkhand. Bhonsala Military School Girls, Nasik, Maharashtra, secured the Second Prize, and Shri ThakurdwaraBalikaVidyalaya, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, earned the Third Prize. The team from Monte CBSE School, Pandipadu Village, KallurMandal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, received the Consolation Prize.

In the Pipe Band – Boys category, City Montessori School, Kanpur Road Campus, Sec DLDA Colony, Kanpur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, claimed the First Prize. North Sikkim Academy, Nangan, Sikkim, secured the Second Prize, while RBP Military School Sports Academy, Sangli, Maharashtra, won the Third Prize. PM SHRI KendriyaVidyalaya No. 2, BelagaviCantt., Karnataka, received the Consolation Prize in this category.

The First Prize-winning teams will receive ₹21,000, while the Second Prize-winning teams will be awarded ₹16,000, and the Third Prize-winning teams will receive ₹11,000. Teams receiving the Consolation Prize will be awarded ₹3,000. In addition to the cash prizes, all winning teams will be presented with a trophy and certificates.

Ministry of Education, in collaboration with the Ministry of Defence, organised the grand finale of National School Band Competition 6.0 on 24-25 January 2025 at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi. This year 16 band teams from 13 States with 463 children were shortlisted for the finale (list annexed) through State- and Zonal-level competitions. At the State-Level Competitions, 568 teams comprising 13,999 children participated; while at the Zonal Level, 84 teams comprising 2,337 children took part.

For the first time:

1.   Band Teams from three government schools have got the opportunity to participate in the Republic Day Parade.

2.   PM SHRI KGBV Patamda, PurbiSinghbum, Jharkhand school students will be giving their performance at the rostrum in front of the Presidential stage.

3.   Two band teams (KendriyaVidyalaya and Government Sr. Sec. School West Point, Sikkim) will be performing at Vijay Chowk in the Republic Day Parade.

4.   In tandem with the “whole of Government approach”, initiative has been taken for training of PM SHRI school band teams by the band instructors/teams of Army Regimental Centres. Training has begun in 11 States/UTs and will commence shortly in the rest of the States/UTs. This is a step towards imparting holistic education to students of PM SHRI schools and developing them into well-rounded personalities.

The National Education Policy 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and aims at large-scale transformational reforms in the education sector. In that direction, this program will not only instil a sense of patriotism and national pride but will also enhance the musical skills of the students and inculcate discipline among them. This initiative aims to rejuvenate the spirit of patriotism and unity amongst school students throughout the country and help in the furtherance of holistic education.

Joint Secretary, DoSEL, Dr.AmarpreetDuggaland other dignitaries from the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Defence

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Pariksha Pe Charcha 2025

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Pariksha Pe Charcha (PPC), an initiative by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi to transform exam-related stress into a festival of learning, witnessed unprecedented growth in its 8th edition.  Pariksha Pe Charcha (PPC), an initiative by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi to transform exam-related stress into a festival of learning, witnessed unprecedented growth in its 8th edition. Since its beginning in 2018, PPC has evolved into a nationwide movement, garnering a staggering 3.56 crore registrations for its 8th edition in 2025. This also marks a significant increase from the 7th edition, which saw 2.26 crore registrations, reflecting a remarkable surge of 1.3 crore registrations.

Pariksha Pe Charcha has not only become a popular program but has also transformed into a “Jan Andolan” (people’s movement), resonating deeply with students, teachers, and parents across the country. The initiative’s focus on addressing exam stress and encouraging students to view examinations as a festival – “Utsav” – has struck a chord with people from all walks of life. The overwhelming participation in PPC reflects a growing awareness and acceptance of the importance of mental well-being and holistic education. The program’s interactive format, which involves open dialogue between students, teachers, and the Prime Minister, has further contributed to its success.

To further strengthen PPC as a “Jan Andolan,” a series of engaging activities were conducted from 12th January 2025 (National Youth Day) to 23rd January 2025 (Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti) at the school level. These activities, conducted across States/UTs, aimed to engage students, parents, and teachers in celebrating PPC as a festival. A total of 1.42 crore students, 12.81 lakh teachers, and 2.94 lakh schools participated. These activities were designed to reduce stress, improve focus, and enhance performance during exams and beyond. Students were encouraged to participate in a diverse range of activities, including indigenous games like Kho-Kho and Kabaddi, short-distance marathons, creative meme competitions, engaging Nukkad Natak performances, and eye-catching poster-making. They were also encouraged to share their experiences through student testimonials, participate in student-led discussions, and engage in yoga and meditation sessions to cultivate relaxation and mindfulness. Schools organized plays developed by students, conducted workshops, and invited special guests to share their insights.

Culminating these activities, screening of glorious inspirational stories of valour and sacrifice, the “Bharat Hai Hum” series was conducted on 23rd January 2025. Thereafter, a quiz competition based on the series “Bharat Hai Hum” was conducted across 567 Kendriya Vidyalayas nationwide. A total of 55,961 students participated, including 17,408 from Kendriya Vidyalayas, 4,567 from Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas, 5,542 from PM SHRI Schools, 18,394 from CBSE-affiliated schools, and 10,050 from State Board schools. Prizes were awarded to the winners, and all participants received a copy of the book “Exam Warriors,” authored by the Prime Minister of India. This initiative not only tested the students’ knowledge but also reinforced the valuable lessons imparted through the “Bharat Hain Hum” series.

Pariksha Pe Charcha 2025 has once again proven to be a resounding success, solidifying its position as a pivotal initiative in fostering a positive and supportive learning environment for students across India.

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Grand Finale of National School Band Competition 6.0 starts at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium

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The Grand Finale of the National School Band Competition 6.0 was inaugurated today at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi. Secretary, Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSEL), Ministry of Education, Shri Sanjay Kumar; Defence Secretary, Shri Rajesh Kumar Singh; Additional Secretaries, DoSEL, Shri Anil Kumar Singhal and Shri Anandrao V. Patil; Chairperson, CBSE, Shri Rahul Singh; Commissioner, Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Smt. Nidhi Pandey; Joint Secretary, DoSEL, Dr. Amarpreet Duggal; Joint Secretary, Ministry of Defence, Shri Amitabh Prasad, and other officials of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Defence were present at the event.

Shri Sanjay Kumar, in his address, highlighted the significant importance of a band, particularly in fostering a sense of discipline and teamwork among participants, which nurtures a collective spirit to excel. He further emphasized the relevance of this collective spirit in educational pursuits. He noted that more schools would join the Band System, with support from the Army Regional Centres, opening new opportunities for children. Shri Sanjay Kumar also expressed his heartfelt gratitude to the Ministry of Defence for their invaluable support and assistance.

Shri Rajesh Kumar Singh, while addressing the gathering, highlighted the rich tradition of military music in the Armed Forces, which boosts morale, adds dignity to ceremonies, and provides talented individuals with an opportunity to showcase their prowess. He also mentioned how, since 2023, the Government has been involving and encouraging talented school children to actively participate in the Republic Day celebrations. The objective of organizing the National School Band Competition, he added, is to inspire a sense of unity, esprit de corps, and a profound feeling of belonging among school children towards their schools and the nation.

Ministry of Education, in collaboration with the Ministry of Defence, is organising the grand finale of National School Band Competition 6.0 on 24-25 January 2025 at Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, New Delhi. This year 16 band teams from 13 States with 463 children have been shortlisted for the finale (list annexed) through State- and Zonal-level competitions. At the State-Level Competitions, 568 teams comprising 13,999 children participated; while at the Zonal Level, 84 teams comprising 2,337 children took part.

For the first time:

1.   Band Teams from three government schools have got the opportunity to participate in the Republic Day Parade.

2.   PM SHRI KGBV Patamda, Purbi Singhbum, Jharkhand school students will be giving their performance at the rostrum in front of the Presidential stage.

3.   Two band teams (Kendriya Vidyalaya and Government Sr. Sec. School West Point, Sikkim) will be performing at Vijay Chowk in the Republic Day Parade.

4.   In tandem with the “whole of Government approach”, initiative has been taken for training of PM SHRI school band teams by the band instructors/teams of Army Regimental Centres. Training has begun in 11 States/UTs and will commence shortly in the rest of the States/UTs. This is a step towards imparting holistic education to students of PM SHRI schools and developing them into well-rounded personalities.

The National Education Policy 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and aims at large-scale transformational reforms in the education sector. In that direction, this program will not only instil a sense of patriotism and national pride but will also enhance the musical skills of the students and inculcate discipline among them. This initiative aims to rejuvenate the spirit of patriotism and unity amongst school students throughout the country and help in the furtherance of holistic education.

List of Participating Teams at the Grand Finale

Sl. No.State/UTNo. of SchoolsName and Address of the SchoolCategory
BandBoys/Girls
 Andhra Pradesh1Monte CBSE School Kurnool, Pandipadu Village, Kallur Mandal-Kurnool, Andhra PradeshPipeGirls
 Chhattisgarh1St. Xavier’s English Medium School, Pathalgaon, ChhattisgarhBrassBoys
 Himachal Pradesh1Pinegrove School, Kuthar Road, Subathu, Distt. Solan, Himachal PradeshBrassBoys
 Jharkhand1PM Shri KGBV Patamda, Purbi Singhbhum, JharkhandPipeGirls
 Karnataka1PM SHRI Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2 Belagavi Cantt, KarnatakaPipeBoys
 Kerala1St Joseph’s Anglo Indian Girl’s Higher Secondary School, Kozhikode, KeralaBrassGirls
 Madhya Pradesh1St. Joseph’s Convent Sr. Sec. School, Edgah hills, Bhopal, Madhya PradeshBrassGirls
 Maharashtra2Bhonsala Military School Girls, Nasik, MaharashtraPipeGirls
RBP Military School Sports Academy Sangli, MaharashtraPipeBoys
 Rajasthan1Prince Lotus Valley Sikar, RajasthanBrassBoys
 Sikkim2Government Sr. Sec. School West Point, Gangtok, East Sikkim, SikkimBrassGirls
North Sikkim Academy, Nangan (private CBSE affiliated), North Sikkim, SikkimPipeBoys
 Tripura1St. Xaviers Higher Secondary School, Pathaliyaghat, Sepahijala, TripuraBrassBoys
 Uttarakhand1Gayatri Vidyapeeth, Shantikunj, Haridwar, UttarakhandBrassGirls
 Uttar Pradesh2Shri Thakurdwara Balika Vidyalaya, Hapur Mod Tiraha, G.T Road, Ghaziabad, Uttar PradeshPipeGirls
City Montessori School, Kanpur Road Campus, Sec – D LDA Colony Kanpur Road, Lucknow, Uttar PradeshPipeBoys
Total13States / UTs16   

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Govt. School Band Teams to perform in the Republic Day Parade 2025

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Three government school teams are all set to perform in the Republic Day Parade for the very first time on 26 January 2025. The team from PM SHRI KGBV Patamda, Jharkhand, will have the honour of performing at the Rostrum opposite the Presidential dais, synchronized with the Army band. Meanwhile, the teams from Govt. Sr. Sec School West Point, Gangtok, Sikkim, and PM SHRI Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2 Belagavi Cantonment, Karnataka, will showcase their performances at the Vijay Chowk. These school bands are among 16 teams competing in the Grand Finale of the National School Band Competition 6.0, taking place on 24-25 January 2025 at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium in New Delhi.

The Pipe Band Girls Team from PM Shri Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) Patamda, East Singhbhum, Jharkhand, showcases an inspiring journey of determination and achievement. This 25-member team comprises girls from underprivileged families, many reliant on farming and daily labour. For most, this is their first train journey to Delhi. They have received guidance from instructors of the Sikh Regiment and Punjab Regiment located at Ramgarh Army Regimental Centre.

The team has been practising the pipe band for the past three years. In the 2024-25 State-Level (Inter-District) School Band Competition held in Ranchi, the team claimed first place in the pipe band category, surpassing the previous year’s champions and a strong Ranchi district team. Emerging from humble beginnings in remote villages, these determined young girls committed themselves to mastering the pipe band, braving freezing mornings and enduring long, gruelling practice sessions with unwavering dedication.

The Brass Band Girls’ Team: Govt. West Point Sr. Secondary School, Gangtok, Sikkim, has set benchmarks of excellence, claiming state, zonal, and national-level accolades. Competing against seven champion teams, the team showcased unmatched dedication and emerged as Eastern Region Champions. Many of these students hail from humble and challenging backgrounds.

The pipe band (boys) contingent of PM SHRI Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2 Belagavi Cantt., Karnataka, has many students from families with parents serving in the Indian Army. The team has been trained by MLIRC (Maratha Light Infantry Regimental Centre Belagavi).

In tandem with the “whole of Government approach”, initiative has been taken for training of PM SHRI school band teams by the band instructors/teams of Army Regimental Centres. Training has begun in 11 States/UTs and will commence shortly in the rest of the States/UTs. Subsequently, more schools would join the Band System, with support from the Army Regional Centres, opening new opportunities for children. This is a step towards imparting holistic education to students of PM SHRI schools and developing them into well-rounded personalities.

Under the innovation component of the Centrally sponsored scheme – Samagra Shiksha – financial support is being provided to States/UTs for organizing the Band Competition at the State level.

The National Education Policy 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and aims at large-scale transformational reforms in the education sector. In that direction, this program will not only instil a sense of patriotism and national pride but will also enhance the musical skills of the students and inculcate discipline among them. This initiative aims to rejuvenate the spirit of patriotism and unity amongst school students throughout the country and help in the furtherance of holistic education.

*****

Agricultural Productivity and Market for Agricultural Produce

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By Shankar Chatterjee

Agriculture forms the backbone of many economies around the world, especially in developing countries. It provides food, raw materials, and employment to a significant proportion of the global population. The concepts of agricultural productivity and the market for agricultural produce are closely intertwined, influencing food security, economic development, and rural livelihoods. This essay delves into the intricacies of agricultural productivity, the factors affecting it, and the dynamics of the market for agricultural produce.

Understanding Agricultural Productivity

Agricultural productivity refers to the output generated per unit of input in farming activities. Inputs may include land, labor, capital, seeds, fertilizers, water, and technology. Productivity is a critical measure of the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural practices. It determines the ability of a nation to meet the growing food demands of its population and contributes significantly to economic growth.

Factors Affecting Agricultural Productivity

  1. Technological Advancements:
    • Adoption of modern farming techniques, mechanization, and biotechnology significantly enhances productivity.
    • Precision farming, irrigation systems, and genetically modified crops are examples of innovations that have improved yields.
  2. Soil Fertility and Management:
    • The quality of soil determines its capacity to support crops.
    • Practices such as crop rotation, organic farming, and balanced fertilization help maintain soil health.
  3. Climate and Weather Conditions:
    • Temperature, rainfall, and sunlight are critical for crop growth.
    • Erratic weather patterns due to climate change pose challenges to agricultural productivity.
  4. Access to Inputs:
    • Timely availability of quality seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides influences productivity.
    • High input costs or unavailability can hinder optimal agricultural output.
  5. Government Policies and Support:
    • Subsidies, minimum support prices (MSPs), and agricultural extension services impact farmers’ ability to adopt better practices.
    • Infrastructure development, such as roads and irrigation facilities, also plays a vital role.
  6. Education and Training:
    • Farmers with knowledge of modern farming techniques are better equipped to enhance productivity.
    • Agricultural extension programs and capacity-building initiatives are essential for disseminating knowledge.

Market for Agricultural Produce

The market for agricultural produce refers to the entire system through which farm products are bought, sold, processed, and distributed. It encompasses local markets, wholesale markets, export markets, and online platforms. An efficient market system is crucial for ensuring fair prices for farmers and adequate supplies for consumers.

Challenges in Agricultural Markets

  1. Price Volatility:
    • Agricultural produce is often subject to price fluctuations due to seasonal variations, demand-supply imbalances, and global market trends.
  2. Lack of Market Access:
    • Farmers, especially smallholders, face challenges in accessing profitable markets due to poor infrastructure and inadequate market information.
  3. Middlemen and Exploitation:
    • A significant portion of profits is often absorbed by intermediaries, leaving farmers with low returns.
  4. Post-Harvest Losses:
    • Poor storage facilities, inadequate transportation, and lack of cold chains result in significant wastage of perishable commodities.
  5. Trade Barriers:
    • Export restrictions, tariffs, and non-tariff barriers limit farmers’ access to international markets.

Improving Agricultural Markets

  1. Infrastructure Development:
    • Investments in roads, cold storage, and warehouses can minimize post-harvest losses and improve market access.
  2. Digital Platforms and E-Markets:
    • Initiatives like eNAM (National Agriculture Market) and online trading platforms can connect farmers directly to buyers, ensuring better prices.
  3. Cooperatives and Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs):
    • FPOs enable farmers to pool resources, negotiate better prices, and access markets collectively.
  4. Government Interventions:
    • Policies such as MSPs and procurement mechanisms provide price stability and income security for farmers.
  5. Value Addition and Processing:
    • Promoting agro-industries and value-added products increases the profitability of agricultural produce.

Interrelationship Between Productivity and Market Dynamics

Higher agricultural productivity and efficient markets are mutually reinforcing. Increased productivity ensures a steady supply of produce, stabilizing prices and enabling market growth. Simultaneously, well-functioning markets incentivize farmers to adopt better practices, invest in technology, and enhance productivity.

Conversely, inefficiencies in markets can lead to low returns for farmers, reducing their capacity to invest in inputs and technology, thereby negatively affecting productivity. Ensuring a balance between production and market demand is essential for the sustainability of the agricultural sector.

Conclusion

Agricultural productivity and the market for agricultural produce are pivotal to food security, economic development, and rural prosperity. Addressing the challenges in both domains requires a comprehensive approach that combines technological innovation, supportive policies, infrastructure development, and market reforms. By fostering synergy between productivity and market efficiency, nations can build resilient agricultural systems that cater to the needs of their populations and contribute to global food security.

References

Amadi, L. A., Ogbanga, M. M., & Agena, J. E. (2015). Climate change and feminist environmentalism in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 9(9), 361-371.

Chavas, J. P. (2008). On the economics of agricultural production. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 52(4), 365-380.

de Lima, G. N., Zuñiga, R. A. A., & Ogbanga, M. M. (2023). Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Security in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. In Climate Change and Health Hazards: Addressing Hazards to Human and Environmental Health from a Changing Climate (pp. 251-275). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.

Gollin, D. (2010). Agricultural productivity and economic growth. Handbook of agricultural economics, 4, 3825-3866.

Jack, J. T. C. B., Ogbanga, M. M., & Odubo, T. R. (2018). Energy poverty and environmental sustainability challenges in Nigeria. Ilorin Journal of Sociology, 10(1), 19-31.

Ogbanga, M. M., & Sharma, S. N. (2024). Climate Change and Mental Heat.

Ogbanga, M. M. (2024). Assessment of the Barriers to the Adoption of Clean Energy for Household Cooking in Okrika Local Government Area.

Ogbanga, M. M. (2024). Examining the Potential of Women Organisations in Promoting the Use of Clean Energy for Household Cooking; A Study of Okrika Local Government Area.

Van der Ploeg, J. D. (2019). Labor, markets, and agricultural production. CRC Press.

Serhii Tokarev: How AI Can Turn Business Failures into Success

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping how businesses operate, offering tools to streamline processes and improve decision-making. Despite its potential, many companies don’t fully utilize AI. Serhii Tokarev, an IT entrepreneur and co-founder of Roosh Ventures, explains how AI can help businesses turn mistakes into valuable lessons and thrive.

Learning from Mistakes with AI

Failure is part of business and life, but repeating the same mistakes leads to setbacks. Serhii Tokarev explains that AI can analyze errors and transform them into actionable insights. He outlines several ways businesses can use AI effectively:

1. Finding Cause-and-Effect Relationships

AI excels at uncovering complex connections that might go unnoticed. Serhii Tokarev highlights how declining sales could be linked to factors like pricing, changing demand, weather, or emerging trends. AI can analyze such patterns across areas like sales, logistics, and production workflows, helping businesses fix problems at their root.

“For example, if there is a drop in sales, we might attribute it to decreased demand or pricing issues. AI, however, can uncover unexpected correlations—such as the influence of weather, emerging trends, local nuances, or geographical factors,” explains the entrepreneur.

2. Building “Institutional Memory”

AI can learn from a company’s past to improve its future. By analyzing historical data, AI identifies patterns in successes and failures, offering strategies tailored to specific contexts.

Tokarev points to UPS’s ORION system as a strong example. ORION uses AI to optimize logistics by studying delivery routes, customer data, and performance history, saving time and costs.

3. Listening to Customers

Customer interactions hold valuable insights. Whether through chatbots, reviews, or feedback, AI can analyze data to improve customer experiences.

For example, if customers frequently ask the same question, it may signal a need to update the company’s website or social media. AI can detect these patterns faster and more comprehensively than humans, making it especially useful for B2C businesses.

4. Balancing AI and Human Oversight

AI isn’t a standalone solution. Serhii Tokarev stresses that human supervision is critical for making contextually sound decisions. 

“Consider the case of Zillow’s real estate division, Zillow Offers, which relied solely on algorithms to predict housing prices. Without human intervention, the system failed to adapt to unforeseen events like COVID-19 and labor shortages, leading to massive losses, layoffs, and the division’s eventual shutdown,” explains Serhii Tokarev.

By combining AI insights with human expertise, businesses can avoid similar pitfalls. Learning from others’ mistakes, as well as their own, is key to building a successful AI strategy.

Serhii Tokarev shows how AI can turn business challenges into opportunities. By identifying patterns, learning from the past, and listening to customers, companies can use AI to enhance operations and decision-making. However, a balanced approach—mixing AI with human judgment—is essential for long-term success.

NIT Trichy Global Alumni Meet (GAM) 2025

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i

The Director, G. Aghila, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli (NIT Trichy), announced the Global Alumni Meet (GAM) 2025 will take place in Chennai on January 4, 2025. This momentous event is spearheaded by RECAL, the institute’s official alumni association. This gathering will unite NIT Trichy alumni from across the globe to celebrate the rich legacy of REC/NIT Trichy. The previous edition of GAM was held in 2020.

Boasting a dynamic network of over 48,000 alumni, including 930+ CEOs and 1,300+ founders, NIT Trichy stands as a powerhouse of talent and innovation. GAM 2025 will feature a stellar lineup of distinguished alumni, including:

  • Mr. N. Chandrasekaran, Chairperson of the Tata Group, as the Chief Guest
  • Dr. Palanivel Thiagarajan, Minister for Information Technology & Digital Services, Tamil Nadu, as the Guest of Honour
  • Mr. Gopi Kallayil, Chief Business Strategist for AI at Google, delivering the Keynote Address
  • Dr P Veeramuthuvel, Project Director of Chandrayaan 3, T V Narendran, Manging Director, CEO, Tata Steels will be the Guests of Honour

These leaders, alongside numerous other notable alumni, will celebrate shared achievements, inspire collaborations, and forge impactful connections.

Launch of a Research and Innovation Hub

NIT Trichy will unveil its vision for a 20-acre Research and Innovation Hub at GAM 2025, marking a significant step in its mission to foster entrepreneurship and interdisciplinary research. The facility will focus on emerging domains such as AgriTech, FinTech, SpaceTech, GreenTech, Quantum Computing, and AI/ML. The hub will involve an estimated investment of ₹150 crore and aims to accelerate innovation in Tier-II cities.

Empowering Students and Alumni Engagement

The institute’s ongoing initiatives, including the Adopt-a-Student Program, travel grants, and endowment funds, continue to support deserving students. Alumni-driven programs like Rockfort Ventures, SCIENT Labs, and CEDI exemplify NIT Trichy’s dedication to nurturing entrepreneurial talent. Plans to introduce Chair Professorships and enhance global research collaborations further demonstrate the institute’s commitment to academic excellence and sustainable development.

Dr. G. Aghila, Director of NIT Trichy, informed that “The Research and Innovation Hub will provide a formal platform for alumni-student mentorship, industry-led projects, and a thriving startup ecosystem. It’s a step towards scaling research and nurturing entrepreneurship talent.”

Mr. K. Mahalingam, President of RECAL, added, “Our vast and accomplished alumni network is a reservoir of mentorship, funding, and innovation. GAM 2025 underscores our collective commitment to supporting our alma mater.”

About NIT Tiruchirappalli

NIT Trichy, formerly Regional Engineering College (REC), is one of India’s premier engineering institutions, consistently ranked among the top in the country. Offering undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs across 17 disciplines, the institute continues to make significant contributions to global innovation and industry leadership.

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UGC (Minimum Qualifications for Appointment & Promotion of Teachers and Academic Staff in Universities and Colleges and Measures for Maintenance of Standards in Higher Education) Regulations, 2025

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Union Minister for Education, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, released the draft UGC (Minimum Qualifications for Appointment & Promotion of Teachers and Academic Staff in Universities and Colleges and Measures for the Maintenance of Standards in Higher Education) Regulations, 2025, today in New Delhi. He also inaugurated ‘Pushpagiri’, the new auditorium of UGC. Shri Sunil Kumar Barnwal, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Education; Prof. M. Jagadesh Kumar, Chairman, UGC; heads of the institutions, academicians, officials of the Ministry and other dignitaries were also present at the event.

Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, while addressing the audiences said that these draft reforms and guidelines will infuse innovation, inclusivity, flexibility and dynamism in every aspect of higher education, empower teachers and academic staff, strengthen academic standards and pave the way for achieving educational excellence. He congratulated the team of UGC for their efforts in formulating the Draft Regulations and Guidelines in sync with the ethos of NEP 2020.

The Minister mentioned that the Draft Regulations, 2025, have been placed in the public domain for feedback, suggestions, and consultations. He expressed confidence that the UGC will soon publish the Draft Regulations, 2025, in their final form, driving transformations in the education system and propelling the country towards Viksit Bharat 2047 through quality education and research.

Shri Pradhan also complimented the UGC for honouring the unparalleled intellectual heritage of Odisha by naming their newly constructed auditorium ‘Pushpagiri.’ He noted that it is a matter of great pride and personal delight for him. He highlighted how Pushpagiri in Jajpur, Odisha, was a cradle of knowledge and a symbol of enlightenment. He commended the UGC for this laudable step in reappropriating Bharat’s intellectual heritage and values in the 21st century. Additionally, he expressed hope that this state-of-the-art auditorium would emerge as a hub for vibrant intellectual discourses, shaping bright futures.

Shri Sunil Kumar Barnwal, in his address, said that these regulations will significantly enhance the quality of teaching and learning in the higher education institutions. He also mentioned how the Ministry is committed to supporting their effective implementation across the country.

About the Regulations

The Draft UGC (Minimum Qualifications for Appointment & Promotion of Teachers and Academic Staff in Universities and Colleges and Measures for the Maintenance of Standards in Higher Education) Regulations, 2025 will give flexibility to universities in appointing & promoting teachers and academic staff in their institutions.

The draft regulations and guidelines are available for public consultation, inviting comments, suggestions and feedback from stakeholders at:

Draft Regulations: https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/3045759_Draft-Regulation-Minimum-Qualifications-for-Appointment-and-Promotion-of-Teachers-and-Academic-Staff-in-Universities-and-Colleges-and-Measures-for-the-Maintenance-of-Standards-in-HE-Regulations-2025.pdf

Key Highlights of the Regulations

•     Flexibility: Candidates can pursue teaching careers in subjects they qualify for with NET/SET, even if different from their previous degrees. Ph.D. specialisation will be prioritised.

•     Promoting Indian Languages: The draft Regulations encourage the use of Indian languages in academic publications and degree programmes.

•     Holistic Evaluation: It aims to eliminate score-based short-listing, focusing on a broader range of qualifications, including “Notable Contributions.”

•     Diverse Talent Pool: Creates dedicated recruitment pathways for experts in arts, sports, and traditional disciplines.

•     Inclusivity: Provides opportunities for accomplished sportspersons, including those with disabilities, to enter the teaching profession.

•     Enhanced Governance: Revises the selection process for Vice-Chancellors with expanded eligibility criteria with transparency.

•     Simplified Promotion Process: Streamlines the criteria for promotions, emphasising teaching, research output, and academic contributions.

•     Focus on Professional Development: Encourages continuous learning and skill enhancement for teachers through faculty development programs.

•     Enhanced Transparency and Accountability: Promotes transparent processes for recruitment, promotion, and addressing grievances.

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Registration Portal for Kashi Tamil Sangamam Phase 3

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Union Minister for Education, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, launched the registration portal for the 3rd edition of Kashi Tamil Sangamam (KTS). The Minister, while addressing a press conference, announced that KTS 3.0 will commence on 15th February 2025 in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. This 10-day-long event will conclude on 24th February 2025, he added. The portal, kashitamil.iitm.ac.in – hosted by IIT Madras, will accept registrations till 1st February 2025, he added.

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Secretary, Ministry of Education, Shri Sanjay Kumar; Principal DG, PIB, Shri Dhirendra Ojha; Additional Secretary, Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Shri Sunil Kumar Barnwal; Chairman, Bhartiya Bhasha Samiti, Shri Chamu Krishna Shastry, and other officials also attended the Press Conference.

Shri Pradhan, while interacting with the media, said that the inseparable bonds between Tamil Nadu and Kashi are set to come alive through Kashi Tamil Sangamam 3.0.

The Minister highlighted that Kashi Tamil Sangamam, a brainchild of Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, is an inspirational initiative to celebrate the timeless bonds between Tamil Nadu and Kashi, strengthen the civilisational links and further the spirit of Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat.

Shri Pradhan said that Kashi Tamil Sangamam will be a celebration of one of India’s most revered sages—Maharishi Agasthyar. Maharishi Agasthyar’s legacy is deeply woven into India’s cultural and spiritual fabric, Shri Pradhan highlighted. His intellectual brilliance is the bedrock of Tamil language and literature as well as our shared values, knowledge traditions and heritage, he added.

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Shri Pradhan said, that this year, Kashi Tamil Sangamam holds a special significance as it is coinciding with the Mahakumbh, and it is also the 1st Sangamam after the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ of Shri Ram Lalla in Ayodhya.

With Maharishi Agasthyar as the central theme and Mahakumbh and Shri Ayodhya Dham as the backdrop, Kashi Tamil Sangamam 3.0 will offer a divine experience and bring Tamil Nadu and Kashi—the two timeless centres of our civilisation and culture, more closer than ever, he said.

Shri Pradhan encouraged people of Tamil Nadu to participate in Kashi Tamil Sangamam 3.0 wholeheartedly.

An exhibition on the different facets of Sage Agasthyar and his contributions to world of Health, Philosophy, Science, Linguistics, Literature, Polity, Culture, Art, particularly to Tamil and Tamil Nadu, etc. and Seminars, workshops, book release, etc. will be organised at Kashi during KTS 3.0. Competitions and other awareness programs in Tamil Nadu prior to KTS 3.0 will be organised in a befitting manner in major cities of India and abroad where there is considerable Tamil diaspora.

This year, the government has decided to bring around 1000 delegates from Tamil Nadu under five categories/groups: (i) Students, Teachers, and Writers; (ii) Farmers and Artisans (Vishwakarma Categories); (iii) Professionals and Small Entrepreneurs; (iv) Women (SHG, Mudra Loan beneficiaries, DBHPS Pracharaks); and (v) Start-up, Innovation, Edu-Tech, Research. This year, an additional group of around 200 students of Tamil origin studying in various CUs will be a part of this event to enliven the bond between Kashi and Tamil Nadu. Participation of youth in all categories will be encouraged this year.

The duration of the tour will be 8 Days (4 for travel, 4 at site). The first group will leave Tamil Nadu on 13th February 2025 and the last group will return to Tamil Nadu on 26th February 2025.

The objective of the Kashi Tamil Sangamam is to rediscover, reaffirm, and celebrate the age-old links between Tamil Nadu and Kashi—two of the country’s most important and ancient seats of learning.

Kashi Tamil Sangamam is being organized by the Ministry of Education, Govt. of India in collaboration with other ministries including Culture, Textiles, Railways, Tourism, Food Processing, I&B etc. and the Govt. of UP. The programme aims to provide an opportunity for scholars, students, philosophers, traders, artisans, artists and people from other walks of life from the two regions to come together, share their knowledge, culture and best practices and learn from each other’s experience. It also aims to make the youth aware and experience cultural oneness. The endeavour is in sync with NEP 2020’s emphasis on integrating the wealth of Indian Knowledge Systems with modern systems of knowledge. IIT Madras and BHU are the two implementing agencies for the programme.

The Government has so far celebrated the Kashi Tamil Sangamam on two occasions earlier; i.e., for one month in 2022 and for a fortnight in 2023 and around 4000 delegates from Tamil Nadu have been a part of this event. In both the editions of KTS, there were overwhelming responses from people of Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. IIT Madras will be the sender institution and BHU the receiving institution, as in the earlier editions. IIT Madras will call for applications for participation through a portal, which was launched today.

KTS 2.0 was inaugurated by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi at Varanasi on 17th December, 2023, with the first-ever real-time, app-based translation of a part of the Prime Minister’s speech in Tamil for the benefit of visiting Tamil delegates.

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