Gone are the days when one needed to look through long telephone directories to contact a companion, or send letters by post to speak with our darlings, go through hours in transportation, or do manual works like washing garments with hands and go through hours in books to scan for data. Presently associating with companions or looking for data is simply click away. Innovation has made our carries on with a lot simpler and effective. At the point when machine accomplishes a manual work, saying washing garments, it saves human’s an ideal opportunity to put resources into other keen and mind devouring stuff, say a house spouse can invest more energy with her children presently to instruct them. Most likely that innovation has made our carries on with significantly simpler!

With a greater amount of headway and disclosures now we talk about computerized reasoning (PC frameworks ready to perform undertakings ordinarily requiring human insight, for example, visual observation, discourse acknowledgment, dynamic, and interpretation between dialects), food creation has expanded immensely using Biotechnology and hereditary designing. Clearly, innovative advances show individuals progressively proficient approaches to get things done, and these procedures get results.

Be that as it may, why would that be a dread that a similar innovation that people made has the ability of assuming control over the labor?

Organizations are moving towards a greater amount of ‘automation’ that diminishes the requirement for human work power and builds the productivity, making it progressively gainful for firms to supplant human work power with machine. Humanoid robots are accepted to perform family unit modest errands therefore supplanting housemaids. Be that as it may, this is definitely not another wonder as people have been advancing with time.

Since seventeenth century the world has experienced three mechanical upheavals. First steam power from motorized creation, trailed by power for large scale manufacturing and the as of late hardware made ready for ‘robotized’ creation. Every unrest changes the extent of human work significantly and has prompted globalization and division of work. Today we talk about the fourth modern transformation that will make a huge difference once more.

Innovation has progressively penetrated our lives and there have been quick advances in assembling and man-made reasoning. Since the hardware insurgency Human Labor has crossed over the separation between cutoff points of innovation and requests of creating economies.

The fourth mechanical insurgency is disposing of the requirement for laborers to work as center men among purchasers and machines. That is clearly not uplifting news for low talented and low paid labor. Numerous occupations will be gradually eliminated for cutting edge computerization.

For instance, self-driving vehicles will take out the requirement for cab drivers; drone conveyance will cut off postal administrations (we see pizza being conveyed through automatons nowadays). Developing innovations are as of now having the option to supplant tremendous number of laborers. Similarly as the primary boundary being the underlying expense of setting up a robotized foundation. Similarly as with a greater amount of mechanical developments the expense will undoubtedly diminish. Rich nations make certain to profit.

In any case, shouldn’t something be said about creating nations like India and China with gigantic pool of work power? Man-made consciousness and robots are said to crush their preferred position of “minimal effort labor” World Economic Forum has anticipated that by 2020 the vast majority of the employments will be lost expanding the current sex and class holes. Obviously every mechanical upset has experienced a similar issue, yet this time it’s a reason for stress. Some clever individuals including Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk are doubter of PCs being smart to the point that they could overwhelm human insight. Almost certainly about the dread of human race getting supplanted by astute PCs (resounding movies like the Terminator), yet some others deny this reality as well.

Having said that, how might we say that creation (innovation) can’t supplant the maker (labor)? Human dynamic and comprehension depend on knowledge, yet they are likewise founded on understanding and qualities. For a PC to accomplish such a degree of modernity is a whimsical thought starting at now. To run a firm effectively innovation is basic yet not at the expense of labor. For proficient utilization of innovation and to build profitability human personalities are required.

HR assume a critical job in accomplishing the goals of an association by keeping up solid system of connections over the association. Looking after connections, keeping the inspiration up, building solid bond and sound connection among makers and customers isn’t something that innovation can do alone. Obviously innovation has overcome any issues in correspondence. Long range informal communication, media and promoting help in advertising and drawing in buyer base.

These new companies resemble a trendy expression. Hazard taking capacities, advancement, determination and managing unexpected conditions is the stuff to run a startup, alongside other fundamental assets. Again innovation is required here; PCs have become a basic piece of lives today. In any case, they are not the substitution of labor aptitudes.

With regards to protections of timberland’s and condition, it has been discovered that contribution of neighborhood clans and networks eases the undertaking and prompts increasingly productive administration of regular assets. An examination by specialists at the Wildlife Institute of India found that the lions and nearby clan ‘Maldharis’ have a reliant relationship that profited both. Ability of conventional practices has end up being basic for protection of untamed life.

World well known works of art of Pablo Picasso must be made by a human with immaculate imaginative astuteness. It must be copied by a machine. Unfathomable composing abilities of J.K Rowling and William Shakespeare are another model where innovation can’t supplant it.

Likewise, with a greater amount of automation and individuals losing positions will eventually diminish the purchasing limit of individuals prompting loss of organizations who went for complete mechanization at the primary spot. Innovation most likely encourages us make our errands simpler however it is never a substitute for labor. The aptitudes which human cerebrum have, the correspondence with language and enthusiastic bond which expands profitability at work can and should just be supplemented and supplanted by innovation. Innovation isn’t a panacea for all issues, human worth training, and abilities instruction is basic to receive the reward of expanding progression in innovation. A fair methodology will profit all. No machine or innovation can supplant the labor with remarkable aptitudes and qualities.

Participation towards a typical and shared goal is generally what can be called as cooperating or is an attribute of cooperative relationship. Federalism is a cutting edge political idea – perceived leverage sharing between the association government and the state government. India embraced the bureaucratic type of government remembering of her different state of states and society in itself. Anyway now and again, it has been contended whether there exists any collaboration between the association government and state government with regards to federalism.

Regularly it has been scrutinized by the state government that the association government utilizes unusual capacity to make coercive move. Then again, the association government scrutinizes that states governments don’t consent to their given mandates. Inside the limit of the constitution, there are measures that can be taken in circumstances of crisis, disappointment of working of state apparatus – by the association government. Be that as it may, once in a while, utilizing a few escape clauses, there has been utilization of the article 352, 356 without quite a bit of any reasonability and now and again it is likewise politically persuaded.

This truly uncovered certain fantasies around helpful federalism. In like manner, there additionally exists different components that normally go dubious and are not seen as conspicuous while examining the connection between the states and the association viz. – Factionalism, Polar ideological gatherings, discernment distinction between the two, unique models of usage being utilized by them two, contrast of administering party in the association and different gatherings in the states. and so on.

Sometimes, these variables get so much attention that it results into political logjam and them two think that its hard to take a shot at their particular administrative framework, which results into unfortunate ramifications for the association and state government. This impacts the resident of our nation exceptionally hard separated from the misfortune as far as economy and time with no productive yield.

The association parliament anyway involves delegates from the states and the association domains which work In the upper house or Rajya Sabha. However, the constitution likewise has placed limitation in the Rajya Sabha that it feels frail in contrast with lower house or the Lok Sabha.

Taking a case of how point of view varies would be adept here. The association government is an assorted and wide type of government which has different measurements to take care of that could possibly be in line of thought with the state government. The state governments anticipate advancement in their separate states and their duty to adherence to global ecological laws may appear to be impeding to improvement of the state. Yet, Union has all the more close and extraordinary pledge to submit to the universal agreement with respect to such condition issues. This is the place the need changes as far as duty – worldwide and wide issues versus state advancement. The conditions of North East India has been under different type of fear monger assaults for the sake of battling for sway, statehood, self-governing force and so forth. Furthermore, in light of these the association government has forced the Armed Forces Special Powers Act in those states or regions which have been proclaimed as upset region. The aim may appear to be correct yet some of the time, it is by all accounts tyrant as the states don’t have any state in it. So in specific zones, there can’t be any helpful activity, and the association government goes all incredible.

As opposed to what it might appear or what the connection has been, since the freedom of India and even before that, them two have been cooperating in a way that may or might be agreeable however have functioned admirably in light of a legitimate concern for the residents of this nation. The nearness of an autonomous and solid Judiciary additionally has a decent effect for the agreement between the state and the association. The structure of the working between the two is all around characterized in the constitution. Different changes have likewise been made in this respects, eg : Sarkaria Committee, corrections to the seventh timetables as and when required. The presentation of GST is another ongoing case of helpful federalism which shows that it isn’t past our span, where in the blink of an eye, the vast majority of the states have endorsed the law. Regardless of whether and when the decision party varies in the state and in the association, the assemblies should work in light of a legitimate concern for country first. Keeping aside the contrast between their gatherings’ belief system, it is progressively essential to consider the improvement of productive work for the nation. The state government likewise needs to contemplate on the orders given by the middle wherein both appear to be at the contrary side of execution of an approach. Discerning and logical reasoning will be the key during the time spent seeing one another. Each choice needs to have logical just as helpful incentive inside it – however without bargaining an inch of our national intrigue.

The key difference between motivation and morale is that morale is a feeling of enthusiasm and encouragement that comes from an individual, whereas motivation refers to an individual’s drive to get a task done.

Motivation and morale are two concepts for establishing a positive work environment. Both these can ultimately contribute to high productivity and low staff turnover. However, it is important to understand the difference between motivation and morale in order to make use of these concepts.

Motivation:

Motivation is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish goals. In other words, motivation involves stimulating desire and energy in people so that they show continuous interest and commitment to a job or role or to make an effort to achieve a goal. Human Resource models describe two types of motivation: intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation .

Extrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes from external factors. For instance, you can motivate employees by offering incentives or promotions. In contrast, intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes from self-satisfaction. It is important to note that intrinsic motivation is more favourable than extrinsic motivation.

In a workplace with high motivation, employees are willing to work beyond the boundaries of their job description. Enthusiasm, interest or commitment make someone to work beyond his responsibility. Moreover, the employees think in a proactive manner for the betterment of the company. This will increase productivity, efficiency, and quality of work and. Thus, when the staff is highly motivated, businesses are usually geared towards success.

Morale :

Morale is a psychological condition or a feeling of a person that determines his or her willingness to cooperate. There are two states of morale as high morale and low morale. High morale indicates determination at work, which is essential in achieving management objectives. You can see the following features in a workplace with high morale.

▪Anenthusiastic team

▪︎organisational commitment

▪︎Proper conflict management

▪︎Healthy and safe work environment

▪︎ Effective communication in the organisation

▪︎Greater motivation

▪︎ increase in productivity and efficiency

There are the following features in a workplace with people having low morale:

▪︎ Too many conflicts in the organisation

▪︎Job dissatisfaction and frustration among employees

▪︎A high rate of absenteeism and turnover

▪︎Lack of motivation

Relationship between motivation and morale

Both morale and motivation are a fundamental part of creating a positive working environment. Sometimes, both morale and motivation go hand in hand. When employees have high morale, they work harder, and are motivated to achieve goals; there is also an increase in production and quality of work. At the same time, when employees have low morale and low motivation, they tend to work slower; there is a decline in production and low quality of work. However, there are exceptions to this case.

In certain instances, there can be highly motivated employees who work harder to achieve the goals, but with low morale. Negative factors such as job insecurity and fear of supervisor may drive these employees to work harder. In these instances, motivation is high, while morale is low. You can also note cases where morale is high, but motivation is low.

Difference between motivation and morale

Morale is a  feeling of enthusiasm and encouragement that comes from an individual, whereas motivation refers to an individual’s drive to accomplish a task. So, this is the key difference between motivation and morale. Higher motivation can often lead to higher morale of employees; however, high morale does not essentially result in highly motivated employees as their attitude may not encourage them to work more efficiently. Thus, high motivation leads to higher productivity, whereas higher morale may not lead to higher productivity. Moreover, motivation is considered as an individual concept, whereas morale is a group concept. Therefore, this is another difference between motivation and morale.

Although morale and motivation are fundamentals for a positive work environment, there is a distinct difference between motivation and morale. Morale is a  feeling that comes out from an individual to cooperate, whereas motivation refers to an individual’s drive to get a task done. Thus, motivation is considered as an individual concept, whereas morale is a group concept.

late actor sushanth Singh Rajput last movie Dil bechara is going to steam in Disney+ hotstar on 24 th July 2020 7:30 pm

Sara Ali khan shared movie poster on twitter for everyone to watch the movie,and also the movie is going to available for subscribes and non-subscribes

Dil Bechara stars sushanth Singh rajput, sanjana and directed by mukesh chhabra

Despite the whole perfection with a good performance history, failed subsequently to reach expected levels of achievement, and ended up stagnating in their career or being hired from the jobs was rated as the worst one. The actual problem will begin with the first step that is posed by transition. Very example , promotion to a senior job, or a move to a new boss, or an unfamiliar challenge.Mild moments of managerial or monetary factors-oriented derailment results from non-adaptation to new challenges of a different context which effects in results in the job assignment requires people to apply a different skill set. But derailed executives fail to notice the need to develop new strengths Taking all the considerable factors into brief observation paradoxically , the same talents that once brought them early success, later lead to great fiascos , flaws and blind spots that seemed insignificant earlier in their careers, suddenly start to matter a great deal.

MODESTY IN THE RESCUE : Being grounded and known to your limits , raising voices when needed results in utmost subtle modesty to avoid the derailment scam that you’re trapped in you require realistic self-assessment, recognition of the need for new strengths, conscious development of a broader set of skills and perspectives that can serve you in the new situation. Derailment is also caused by another related problem. The problem created by success.

The three most important events of human life are equally devoid of reason: birth, marriage and death. ~ Austin O’Malley

Definition of marriage:

The dictionary defines marriage as “The legal union of a man and woman as husband and wife.” The definition of marriage can be looked at from a legal perspective. A legal dictionary defines marriage as “the state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a legal, consensual, and contractual relationship recognized and sanctioned by and dissolvable only by law.” Legally, marriage is a binding contract between the two parties that joins together their possessions, income, and lives.

Marriage Under Personal Law

Marriage, according to the Hindu Law,

Marriage is a body for the performance of religious duties. It is deemed as a holy union in Hindu Law. It is also considered to be an union of flesh and flesh and blood and blood. It is a religious sacrament and not a civil contract.

Marriage, according to the Muslim law:

Quran states “every person must marry”. Quran asserts that marriage is the only way to satisfy one’sdesire. Marriage (niqah) is defined to be a contract which has for its object the procreation and the legalizing of children.

The European Convention on Human Rights:

The ECHR states that all men and women, who have reached the age at which they can legally marry, have the right to get married and to start a family.

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) sets out a list of fundamental rights and freedoms which are believed to be common to all people. The ECHR lists these rights in numbered’ Articles’.

Article 8 of the ECHR concerns an individual’s right to respect for their private and family life.

Article 12: Right to marriage

Men and women of marriageable age shall have the right to marry and to found a family, according to national laws governing the exercise of this right.

Indian Perspective:

The right to marry is a component of right to life under Article 21 of Constitution of India which says, “No person shall be deprived of his life and personal liberty except according to procedure established by law”. 

Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India. Yet when a girl decided to convert to another religion and marry by her own choice, it became a matter of debate for the entire nation.

In the bizarre case of Hadiya, she converted to Islam and got married to a Muslim man. Hadiya was 25 years old when she got married . On 24th May 2017, the Kerala High Court annulled the marriage of Hadiya (previously known as Akhila) and Shafin Jahan.

Her father has filed a petition before Kerala High Court as he claimed that she was allegedly coerced into adopting Islam as her religion and might be trafficked to Syria.

The Kerala High Court, after admitting the petition filed by her father, granted Hadiya’s custody to her parents. Absurdly, while rendering this order, Kerala High Court observed that “we are not satisfied that it is safe to let Akhila free to decide what she wants in her life.”

Later on the High Court’s decision was challenged by Hadiya’s husband, who filed a special leave petition in the Supreme Court, that ordered an NIA probe in the matter. 

On November 27th 2017, the apex court took Hadiya’s testimony in open court and freed her from her father’s custody. The Supreme Court allowed Hadiya to continue her studies in a Salem college and to live with her husband. 

Choice of religion is a personal choice of a person. If the court does not allow a person to freely choose his religion, it amounts to a violation of his or her fundamental right as guaranteed under the Constitution of India.

At 18, a woman in India can vote, marry, have a child, take up a job and drive. Then why there is so much of fuss when a Hindu decided to convert to Islam. Why is the right to freedom of religion veiled under the garb of ‘love jihad’. Denying Hadiya her right mocks the notion of adulthood.

India has a diverse culture, and religion and caste are an integral part of our society. Society still frowns on inter-caste marriages. India still largely follows the ancient and rigid structure of the caste system.

Conclusion

Legally, every young person has right to marry and to enter into a marriage contract.arriage is the foundation of a family as well as social relations. A couple owes a great responsibility to the family and society.Right to marriage is provided under human right charter that to under the heading of” Right to have family”.

In Indian Constitution this right not expressly mention. But it is interpretated under Article21 .Right to marry is universal right .It is available to all persons. Marriage right is recognized at international level .Marriage right is mentioned under various covenant . Indian constitution provides for right to marry but it is not fundamental right.

 Pinhole images: Pinhole photography on the other hand is the capturing of those images and shapes using no lens. A tiny hole replaces the lens. Light passes through the hole and an image is formed in the back wall of the camera. The image is of course upside down because light travels in straight lines
and therefore crosses at the aperture (hole). If an outdoor scene is seen, the sky is at the bottom and ground at the top.
Objects reflect light in all directions, and that rays from the top of an object, when passing through a hole, will produce the lower part of an image.
This is how first image was invented.  Camera obscura effect
The term camera obscura (“dark room”) was coined by Johannes Kepler (1571-1630). At this time, the term had come to mean a room, tent or box with a lens aperture used by artists to draw a landscape. The lens made the image bighter and focused at a certain distance. Thus this type of camera differed from the pinhole camera obscura used by Frisius in 1544. In the 1620s Johannes Kepler invented a portable camera obscura. Camera obscuras as drawing aids were soon found in many shapes and sizes. Both artists and painters used them. During the 19th century several large scale camera obscuras were built as places of education and entertainment.
The meniscus lens, superior to the bi-convex lens, improved the quality of the projected images.  The magic lantern
The magic lantern, a projector with a future that would inevitably become one of the most famous and entertaining inventions in history.
he magic lantern was the forerunner of our current day slide projector and overhead. It however, was without motion. Void of fluidity yet electrifying and
exhilarating in it’s presentation, this little tin box with a chimney was only one of many vital components that make up the art of seeing pictures “move”.
And they all have their special place in the story, and history of cinematography.  The phantasmagoria In the last 18th century The Phantasmagoria shows were often held in old run-down monasteries and chapels to add to the effect. The dark and somber surroundings were ideal for special effects much like those created through Dolby surround sound and darkened theatres of today. Showmen used waxed
sheets to catch images from “moving” lanterns on wheels and smoky rooms allowed images to float and “hang” in the air.  Persistence Of Vision
The first modern steps toward motion pictures were those taken in the direction of the study of persistence of vision. The investigation of this subject appears to have been conducted on a serious note by Peter Mark Roget in 1824. Roget presented a scientific paper detailing his studies and called it `Persistence of Vision with Regard to Moving Objects’. The phenomenon itself was not only known in the 19th century. When digging deep into the history of any subject we can be
astounded at what we find. In 1832 Joseph A. F. Plateau and Simon Ritter von Stampfer in Vienna, Austria, independently of one another, discovered an identical method for creating the illusion. They used flat disks which were perforated with a number of evenly spaced slots. Around the rim of the disk were an equal number of hand-drawn figures. Each figure showed successive phases of movement. Holding the device with the figures facing a mirror, the viewer spun the disk and looked through the slots. The figures reflected in the mirror appeared to move. Plateau’s device, the phenakistoscope, and Stampfer’s, the stroboscope, led to the invention of more elaborate devices using the same principle, such as the zoetrope.  Photography One of the most important constituents in the discovery of motion pictures was the photograph.

Cinematography is a blend of science and art used to capture, manipulate and store moving images for the purpose of creating a motion picture.
The person responsible for the technical process that gives a film its unique look and feel is called the cinematographer or director of
photography (DP). The DP works closely with the film’s director, who is responsible for ensuring that the actors, set and technical choices made
by the DP accurately reflect the script’s intentions. In many instances, particularly smaller budget films, the director of photography will also serve
as the camera operator.
Many of the same cinematic goals for example, engaging the viewer and manipulating emotions are used in both film and digital cinematography.
Consider, for example, the depth of focus and framing. The first part of these, the depth of focus, refers to how much of the image on the screen, or
frame, is in focus and how much is blurry. By having subjects closer to the camera in sharp focus and those in the background blurry, the eye is
drawn to the foreground. Alternatively, having both near and distance objects in sharp focus gives equal weight to both. The director of
photography can choose to alternate focus from foreground to background to heighten a sense of tension or to make a revelation to the viewer and
the character in the foreground. Camera angle is another important consideration the cinematographer must consider. Scenes shot from a low-to-
high angle, for example, can make the subject seem either foreboding or powerful.
The technical aspects the cinematographer must consider include the aspect ratio, depth of focus and framing, color, lighting, camera angle, frame
rate, film stock (for example, 8mm, 16mm, 35mm, and 65mm) and special effects (FX). Each of these technical aspects requires specific
equipment and settings on that equipment to achieve the desired results. It is the technical aspect of film making that has changed most over the
years.