Yes, I know that Evolution is a world wide accepted topic but these points always about makes me doubt whether evolution is real or not

I want to first start by saying that evolution is a hypothesis made by charles darwin. In the late 18th century, naturalist George Louis Leclerc suggested that life on Earth was 75,000 years old and that men had descended from apes. Another step in evolution theory was taken by Erasmus Darwin, Charles Darwin’s grandfather, who said the Earth was millions of years old and that species did evolve, even if he could not explain how. When charles darwin had introduced this topic any information about where we had come was unknown so people believed darwins theory very easily and did not contradict it. the scientists dint even bother to verify the theory until now.

The greatest claim that i can introduce is that evolution has never been observed. Now people will say that we have never see god so how do we know god exists but the truth is that we just assume god to exist there is no proof just like evolution. As for fossils people just find the fossils of different animals and they are so desperate to find a relation they connect different fossils and call it evolution.

Everyone says that we have evolved from apes but where is the proof a couple of fossils of apes and humans proves nothing like that we can say we have evolved from mice after all they are 98% similar to men and apes are also similar around the same percentage.Creationists claim that evolution relies on certain types of evidence that do not give reliable information about the past.

A common objection to evolution is that it is simply too unlikely for life, in its complexity and apparent “design”, to have arisen “by chance”. It is argued that the odds of life having arisen without a deliberate intelligence guiding it are so astronomically low that it is unreasonable not to infer an intelligent designer from the natural world, Even darwin had realised that there are so many questions that could come up about his theory infact when the question about how such a complex organ like eye could be developed one scientist due to lack of proof had said that the eye was designed by god.

Also if we really come from apes then why are other apes alive around the world why dont they become human as well?

Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer in males, but it is highly treatable in the early stages. It begins in the prostate gland, which sits between the penis and the bladder. The prostate gland is a very valuable organ in males that performs a lot of functions. Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer found in males.

Symptoms

• difficulty starting and maintaining urination

• a frequent urge to urinate, especially at night
• blood in the urine or semen
• painful urination
• in some cases, pain on ejaculation
• difficulty getting or maintaining an erection
• pain or discomfort when sitting, if the prostate is enlarged

Possible Causes

• diet
• smoking
• exposure to chemicals, such as the herbicide Agent Orange
• Inflammation of the prostate
• vasectomy
• Obesity
• Sexually transmitted infected
• If it runs in the family

A breech pregnancy occurs when the baby (or babies!) is positioned head-up in the woman’s uterus, so the feet are pointed toward the birth canal. About 3-4 pregnancies result in the baby being breech. In a “normal” pregnancy, the baby will automatically turn inside the womb into a head-down position to get ready for birth, so a breech pregnancy presents a few different challenges for both mother and baby.

There are three different types of breech pregnancies: frank, complete, and footling breech, depending on how the baby is positioned in the uterus. With all types of breech pregnancies, the baby is positioned with its bottom toward the birth canal instead of the head.

Reasons for breech baby

• if a woman has had several pregnancies
• in pregnancies with multiples
• if a woman has had a premature birth in the past
• if the uterus has too much or too little amniotic fluid, meaning the baby has extra room to move around in or not enough fluid to move around in
• if the woman has an abnormally shaped uterus or has other complications, such as fibroids in the uterus
• if a woman has placenta previa

 baby is not considered breech until around 35 or 36 weeks. In normal pregnancies, a baby usually turns head-down to get into position in preparation for birth. It’s normal for babies to be head-down or even sideways before 35 weeks. After that, though, as the baby gets bigger and runs out of room, it becomes harder for the baby to turn and get into the correct position. Your doctor will be able to tell if your baby is breech by feeling your baby’s position through your stomach. They will also most likely confirm that the baby is breech using an ultrasound in the office and in the hospital before you deliver.

Pneumonia, according to me is a disease that is taken very lightly but the actual disease is very lethal and kills a lot of people around the world. Infact when people are infected with COVID they get pneumonia and die. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames your lungs’ air sacs (alveoli). The air sacs may fill up with fluid or pus, causing symptoms such as a cough, fever, chills and trouble breathing.

Symptoms

• Cough, which may produce greenish, yellow or even bloody mucus
• Fever, sweating and shaking chills
• Shortness Of breath
• Rapid, shallow breathing
• Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough
• Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting, especially in small children
• Confusion, especially in older people

Bacterial pneumonia, which is the most common form, tends to be more serious than other types of pneumonia with symptoms that require medical care. The symptoms of bacterial pneumonia can develop gradually or suddenly. Fever may rise as high as a dangerous 105 degrees F, with profuse sweating and rapidly increased breathing and pulse rate. Lips and nailbeds may have a bluish color due to lack of oxygen in the blood. A patient’s mental state may be confused or delirious.

The symptoms of viral pneumonia usually develop over a period of several days. Early symptoms are similar to influenza symptoms- fever, a dry cough, headache, muscle pain, and weakness. Within a day or two, the symptoms typically get worse, with increasing cough, shortness of breath and muscle pain. There may be a high fever and there may be blueness of the lips.

One of the biggest and most important science stories of the past few years will probably also be one of the biggest science stories of the next few years. This is the powerful new gene editing technology known as CRISPR.

If you haven’t heard of CRISPER yet, the short explanation goes like this: In the past nine years, scientists have figured out how to exploit a quirk in the immune systems of bacteria to edit genes in other organisms — plants, mice, even humans. With CRISPR, they can now make these edits quickly and cheaply, in days rather than weeks or months. (The technology is often known as CRISPR/Cas9 also)

This is a powerful new tool to control which genes get expressed in plants, animals, and even humans; the ability to delete undesirable traits and, potentially, add desirable traits with more precision than ever before.

So far scientists have used it to reduce the severity of deafness in mice, suggesting it could one day be used to treat the same type of hearing loss in people. They’ve created mushrooms that don’t brown easily and edited bone marrow cells in mice to treat sickle- cell anemia. Down the road, CRISPR might help us develop drought-tolerant crops and create powerful new antibiotics. CRISPR could one day even allow us to wipe out entire population of malaria- spreading mosquitoes and ressurect once extinct species like the passenger pigeon.

Abortion is probably the most controversial topic out there. Everyone has different views on whether abortion should be allowed or not. Personally as a women I feel that abortion should be the mothers choice, as the mother has to take care of the baby for the rest of her life. Most people argue that abortion should be banned as that will help in prevention of teen pregnancy but just for that one category why should the others suffer. If someone wants to abort their child they will do so whether they get it done professionally or not. Abortion is not always done because the mother cant take the responsibility of the child there are numerous other reasons like pregnancy due to sexual assault, pregnancy harmful to life of mother or child etc. Of course abortion for the wrong reason example in case the couple is having a girl child but they wanted a boy for these reasons abortion should be banned.

I don’t know about all you but I have always found the female body very fascinating, anyways a placenta is an organ attached to the lining of the womb that delivers oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby. The placenta is crucial to keeping your baby alive and well during pregnancy. 

Structure and function

The placenta is a large organ that develops during pregnancy. It is attached to the wall of the uterus, usually at the top or side. The umbilical cord connects the placenta to your baby. Blood from the mother passes through the placenta, filtering oxygen, glucose and other nutrients to your baby via the umbilical cord. The placenta also filters out substances that could be harmful to your baby and removes carbon dioxide and waste products from your baby’s blood. The placenta produces a number of hormones that are needed during pregnancy, such as lactogen, estrogen and progesterone. It keeps the mother’s blood separate from the baby’s blood to protect the baby against infections. Towards the end of the pregnancy, the placenta passes on antibodies to protect the baby after birth.

Location of the placenta

The placenta often develops low in the womb but moves to the side or up as the womb stretches. The position of the placenta will be checked at your 18-week ultrasound. The placenta is expelled from your body after the birth, usually about 5 to 30 minutes after your baby is born. After the baby is born you will continue to have mild contractions. You will have to give one more push to deliver the placenta. Sometimes your abdomen will be massaged or you will be given an injection of oxytocin and the umbilical cord will be gently pulled to help deliver the placenta.

If you have a c section, the doctor will remove the placenta at the same time. It is important that the whole placenta comes out after pregnancy. If any fragments of the placenta stay inside, they will have to be surgically removed to prevent bleeding and infection

Options for placenta after birth

Options for the placenta after the birth

In some cultures, families bury the placenta in a special place.

There is also a rare practice, known as placentophagy, in which women cook and eat the placenta. Some commercial service providers will offer to turn your placenta into capsules for you to swallow.

However, these practices should be treated with caution since there is no regulation in Australia either of these products or the providers of placenta pills.

Recent research shows there are no known health benefits from eating the placenta, but there may be a risk of infection from poor production standards.

Cardiac arrest, sometimes called sudden cardiac arrest, means that your heart suddenly stops beating. This cuts off blood flow to the brain and other organs. It’s an emergency and is deadly if not treated immediately. Call 911 right away!

What exactly happens

Your heart has an electrical system that keeps it beating regularly. Cardiac arrest can strike if the electrical signals go haywire and cause an irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia. There are different types of arrhythmias, and most aren’t dangerous. One called ventricular fibrillation triggers cardiac arrest the most. If this happens, the heart can’t pump enough blood to your body. That’s life-threatening within minutes.

Symptoms

Cardiac arrest is quick and drastic: You suddenly collapse, lose consciousness, have no pulse, and aren’t breathing. Right before it happens, you could be very tired, dizzy, weak, short of breath, or sick to your stomach. You may pass out or have chest pain. But not always. Cardiac arrest can happen with no warning signs at all.

What causes cardiac arrest

• Major blood loss or severe lack of oxygen
• Intense exercise, if you have heart problems
• Too high levels of potassium or magnesium, which could lead to a deadly heart rhythm
• Your genes. You may inherit certain arrhythmias or a tendency to get them.
• Changes to your heart’s structure. For instance, an enlarged heart or changes caused by an infection.

But one thing to note is that a cardiac arrest is not a heart attack, a heart attack is where the blood flow to the heart stops whereas in cardiac arrest the heart stops. sometimes heart attacks can trigger a cardiac arrest.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation commonly known as CPR is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest. We have seen someone do CPR in movies or maybe in real life too but knowledge of proper CPR is extremely essential because it can save someone’s life. If we go more into detail CPR varies in different people based on their age but this is the basic method of CPR.

Step 1. Call 911

First, check the scene for factors that could put you in danger, such as traffic, fire, or falling masonry. Next, check the person. Do they need help? Tap their shoulder and shout, “Are you OK?” If they are not responding, call 911 or ask a bystander to call 911 before performing CPR.

Step 2. Place the person on their back and open their airway

Place the person carefully on their back and kneel beside their chest. Tilt their head back slightly by lifting their chin. Open their mouth and check for any obstruction, such as food or vomit. Remove any obstruction if it is loose. If it is not loose, trying to grasp it may push it farther into the airway.

Step 3. Check for breathing

Place your ear next the person’s mouth and listen for no more than 10 seconds. If you do not hear breathing, or you only hear occasional gasps, begin CPR. If someone is unconscious but still breathing, do not perform CPR.

Step 4. Perform 30 chest compressions

Place one of your hands on top of the other and clasp them together. With the heel of the hands and straight elbows, push hard and fast in the center of the chest, slightly below the nipples. Push at least 2 inches deep. Compress their chest at a rate of least 100 times per minute. Let the chest rise fully between compressions.

Step 5. Perform two rescue breaths

Making sure their mouth is clear, tilt their head back slightly and lift their chin. Pinch their nose shut, place your mouth fully over theirs, and blow to make their chest rise. If their chest does not rise with the first breath, retilt their head. If their chest still does not rise with a second breath, the person might be choking.

Step 6. Repeat

Repeat the cycle of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths until the person starts breathing or help arrives.

We have learnt throughout our lives that mice are used for experiments around the world, but do we really know why mice are used. Is it because they are hated around the world? They is actually a variety of reasons for this. Did you know that mice are 85% genetically similar to humans? Some other features that make them the perfect experimental animals are as follows:-

1. Adult mice multiply quickly.

They can reproduce as often as every three weeks (they mate on the day they give birth), so scientists have lots of mice to work with. The time between a mouse being born and giving birth (generation time) is short, usually around 10 weeks. This means several generations can be observed at once.

2. The mouse has a short lifespan 

The mouse has a short lifespan (one mouse year equals about 30 human years) which means scientists can easily measure the effects of ageing.

3. It is easy to manipulate the mouse genome

It is relatively easy to manipulate the mouse genome, for example, adding or removing a gene to better understand its role in the body. This provides a powerful tool for modelling specific diseases when a mutated gene is known to play a role in the disease.

4. Mice are cost effective 

Mice are cost effective because they are cheap and easy to look after. Also the mouse is small, so convenient to house.

But ultimately a mouse is a living thing so there is a lot of controversy surrounding whether mice should be used for experiments or not.

We all know how important female hygiene is. Our private areas are extremely sensitive and infection prone, if we don’t keep our genitals clean these infections can lead to harmful diseases. Some ways to maintain female hygiene are as follows:-

1. Use fresh towels

Wash and replace towel and washcloths after you use them. Reusing towels isn’t wise because bacteria can cling to these surfaces. And that potentially puts you at risk for an infection

2. Keep the vagina clean and dry

Cotton is breathable, making it an ideal fabric selection for underwear. It can down on moisture as it keeps your skin cool and dry. With breathable fabrics like cotton, you have a reduced risk of bacterial growth and infections. On the flip side, fabrics like satin retain moisture. That reduces airflow, creating irritation and friction. And that encourages yeast and bacteria growth, which can lead to infections. You should also change out of sweaty workout clothing and wet swimsuits to help prevention infections.

3. Stay Clean

It sounds simple but it’s important to wipe from front to back until the toilet paper shows no residue. That will help prevent bacteria from getting into the vagina. Change sanitary pads and tampons regularly during your period. If you’re wearing panty liners, change them frequently. However, if you wear them all the time, you may have some irritation.

4. Don’t use products to clean inside thee vagina

Your vagina knows how to take care of itself. It self-cleans and naturally produces some discharge that helps get rid of germs and bacteria from your body. So, douching or using harsh cleaners or soaps can disrupt your natural pH balance and can irritate your vagina and wash away good bacteria. Plus, douching will only mask the smell—not cure what’s going on. Stick with warm water and mild soap on the vulva.

A major part of our Indian society is unaware of the importance of proper female hygiene causing an increased amount of female hygiene related diseases in India. Hence it is essential to spread awareness and educate everyone about this particular topic

Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide among women in developed countries and the most lethal of all gynecological related problems. We all must have heard about ovarian cancer but what exactly is Ovarian cancer? Ovarian cancer is when abnormal cells in the ovary begin to multiply out of control and form a tumor. If left untreated, the tumor can spread to other parts of the body. Most women having ovarian cancer live in fear of recurrence, which happens in about 85% of cases. Current treatments offer little hope and survival has remained virtually unchanged for almost three decades. New methods to prevent, detect and treat recurrence are urgently needed.

The biggest problem lies with the fact that the symptoms of ovarian cancer resembles the symptoms of other common problems faced by women. So, it is often ignored and taken lightly. Some of the symptoms include

1. Abdominal bloating
2. Menstrual irregularities
3. Difficulty eating
4. An increase in urination
5. Menstrual irregularities

Again having these symptoms doesn’t always signify having a disease but definitely get it checked out to be on the safe side. Usually symptoms these types of symptoms are often temporary and respond to simple treatments in most cases. The symptoms will persist if they’re due to ovarian cancer. Symptoms usually become more severe as the tumor grows. Technology needed to treat ovarian cancer are fairly under developed and less so it is always to have it be diagnosed during the initial stages.

Ever since we were children we have heard that if we want to save the environment we should follow the 3R’s Reuse, Reduce and Recycle. But have you wondered if recycling is actually good for the environment. You may not know but recycling has many disadvantages. Recycling is really expensive. In order to repurpose certain recycled materials, separate manufacturing plants need to be built and used. This would counteract the advantage recycling has of creating less pollution, since more may actually be generated as a result of the additional factory. It makes us wonder whether it is really worth it to eat the high costs to impact the planet in such a small way over a long period of time? For recycling to work more people need to participate, as the world is getting more advanced more recycling technologies are being introduced but it will take a long time before a significant amount of people start participating. Recycled products are often of lesser quality. Products made from used, repurposed materials simply don’t stand up quality-wise to new material. They’re often fragile and overused. The more a piece of material gets recycled, the worse it gets. Recycling Sites Are Commonly Unsafe, Items thrown into the recycling bin is a form of trash. As with any waste, it has to be transported and processed somewhere. This means there are many locations having potentially hazardous waste. These heaps of trash are grounds for bacteria, disease, and many other diseases. Also recycling sites are also industrial plants. This means they are not without their own forms of pollution. waste produced is frequently mixed with large bodies of water, leading to broader scale pollution. Quite the opposite effect of what recycling advocates are going for. What we can do instead of recycling is we can Reuse. Reusing items is extremely beneficial to the environment because it prevents pollution caused by reducing the need to harvest new raw materials, saves energy also it saves a lot of money.

“Capital punishment is the most premeditated of all murders.” Everyone has different views about capital punishment also known as the death penalty. According to me the death penalty should be given in only very critical situations, eg- if a person keeps repeating the crime even after they have been punished because they clearly show no interest in becoming better and people like this are a constant threat to society. Whether legal or not death penalty is a murder and I believe we have no right to take someone’s life. Criminals who do heinous crimes like murder, rape etc. are supposed to suffer in jail and repent for having done those actions, killing them would do no good. By killing them we are actually letting them go easy. Everyone deserves a second chance because we are humans we can make mistakes. By giving them a second chance I don’t mean freeing them. What I am trying to imply is by placing them in jail they will get a chance to hopefully change for the better. Like Archbishop Desmond Tutu said, “There is no justice in killing in the name of justice,” In case of murder the victims family will not get the victim back the only way they can cope with the immense pain they are going through is by knowing that the killer is suffering in jail. Our justice system must be developed in the way that the right criminal gets the death penalty. But death penalty should be a unanimous choice after all a life is a life. There are many cases where the criminal has done something really bad and they themselves ask for the death penalty because they know that in their cell block whatever they have done will forever haunt them, and if they don’t get the death penalty then end up killing themselves. What we don’t understand are that these criminals are also humans no matter how crazy they are they have a little humanity. It is extremely hard to live with that guilt of doing something wrong.