Category: Education

INTRODUCTION TO THE BONES AND JOINTS

Our human body can be compared to a machine in terms of its functioning, but the magnanimous human can perform extremely better than a machine. As there are many nuts and bolts to connect many parts in a machine, there are too some bolts and nuts in our body which join several parts of the body like arms and legs. The so-called nuts and bolts of the human body are known as JOINTS. A joint in general is the articulation that is present in between two bones. This sounds a bit complex. So joint in the English language refers to the association. So the joints in the human body associate something. The something defined previously is bones. In order to understand this, we have to know about the structure of bone in detail.

Fig 1.1- structure of a bone 

                     

The above image depicts the structure of a bone in general. Important information to be known is that the unit of a bone is called an osteon. Many osteons combine together to form a bone. Bone-destroying cells are known as osteoclasts and bone-forming cells are known as osteoblasts. The external structure of a bone has two parts namely epiphysis and diaphysis. Physis refers to the growing plate. An increase in the bone’s height corresponding to bone growth. Epi means above and dia means through. Hence diaphysis is found in between two epiphysis which acts as the head and tail to the bone. The point of attachment of muscle in this bone is known as the trochanter. Everything present in the human body has some kind of protection. In the case of bone, that protection is offered by the periosteum. The inner layers can be visualized by peeling off those previous layers hindering them. Next, we have the cartilage which is a rubbery kind of protection to the bone. Hyaline cartilage present in bone is rather glassy in nature. The bone also has nerves and blood vessels since the bone requires nourishment and a proper message for its functioning. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside the bones. It contains stem cells. The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body, the white blood cells that fight infections, and the platelets that help with blood clotting. Bone marrow can be considered the mother of blood cells. This table provides insights on the types.

Type namePrevalenceContent
RedChildrenBlood
YellowAdultsFat

So now we move onto how a joint connects two bones. Consider this situation where there are two pipes and we want to connect them. The best way to connect so as to minimize their loss is by using a junction. There may be other options also, but there is no need to make a fuss about it.

Fig 1.2- the structure of a healthy joint

Hence from all these, we can come to an understanding of the importance of joints in the human body. To be short, the human body is meaningless and fragmented as the face, trunk, hands, and legs are separated without the joints.

HAPPY READING!!

SHOULD ABORTION BE BANNED WORLDWIDE ?

The discussion about whether abortion ought to be a legitimate alternative keeps on isolating individuals. Some are agreeable to it while others are against it. However, prior to going to the determination we should investigate it’s advantages and disadvantages.

ADVANTAGES:

1.There are a few contentions that one forward on the side of fetus removal. As a matter of first importance, any birth of a youngster ought to happen whenever the guardians need and not by some coincidence. This way it would go far in helping the world to have a climate where all youngsters that are brought into the world in this world have a climate favorable for legitimate turn of events.

2.There is no requirement for swelling the world with numerous kids who can’t approach essential necessities like sufficient attire, food, haven, and instruction.

Abortion activists are ready for Justice Kennedy's retirement — Quartz

3.It ought to likewise be noticed that when an individual chooses to carry out an abortion it isn’t out of her aversion for youngsters but since she feels that it would not be an insightful choice to continue with the pregnancy as it is as yet not yet the ideal opportunity to have a child.

4.On account of assault or inbreeding, keeping a pregnancy is very damaging to the individual assaulted as nobody would wish to keep a kid that is a consequence of this, and the best answer for this issue is to abort the unborn kid.

5.At times entanglements can happen to a pregnancy that might put the existence of the mother or unborn youngster in harm’s way and surprisingly now and again every one of them. For this situation, abortion should be allowed to save the actual wellbeing of the mother.

DISADVANTAGES:

1.As indicated by Koster, abortion is just a brief and unreasonable choice that cause ladies to feel that they have gotten some help to an undesirable kid against odds of extremely durable loss of fruitlessness.

2.She further argues that although removing an unwanted pregnancy may somehow offer relief to the woman the possibility of becoming infertile especially if an unqualified person performed the operation is very significant and once you lose your fertility there is zero chance that you will regain it.

3.Even when performed by a qualified medical doctor there is a chance that complications may arise like in some medical procedures and if this happens, you could definitely lose your fertility.

4.The alleviation that one feels after procuring an abortion is typically brief, and it passes on after some time prompting a long-lasting sensation of blame and bitterness. In fact, in most of the times, this feeling of relief is just a deliberate attempt by the psychology of a person to delete the sense of guilt and shame that creeps in immediately one procures an abortion.

5.A great deal of favorable to lifers would liken early termination to murder, and it is consequently ethically off-base and ought to be prohibited. Genovesi characterizes murder as a purposeful demonstration of removing the existence of an individual. He further adds that since the baby of an individual has life, then, at that point removing it will add up to killing it, which is equivalent to kill.

India's new abortion law is progressive and has a human face | ORF

CONCLUSION:

The way things are today, it appears to be the discussion on abortion won’t reach a conclusion soon. There ought to be endeavors to give an unmistakable approach on this issue that would be worthy in the entire world through a worldwide body like the United Nations.

Apart from that the church and other organizations that are anti-abortion ought to soften their stand in some incidences like rape which are too traumatizing.

RESOURCES:

  1. https://ivypanda.com/essays/pros-and-cons-of-abortion-to-the-society/

2. https://abortion.procon.org/

CHHATTISGARH

Chhattisgarh is a state located in the region of Central India. Formerly part of Madhya Pradesh, it was granted statehood on November 1, 2000. It is the 9th-largest state in India, with an area of 135,192 km2 . As of 2020, it has a population of roughly 29.4 million, making it the 17th most populated state in the country.

The state was formed by the partition of ten Chhattisgarhi and six Gondi-speaking districts in the southeast of Madhya Pradesh. Its capital city is Raipur. It borders 7 states – Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Pradesh to the northwest, Maharashtra to the southwest, Jharkhand to the northeast, Odisha to the east, and Telangana and Andhra to the south. Currently, it comprises 28 districts.

Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India. Its Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is ₹3.63 lakh crore , with a per capita GSDP of ₹102,762 . A resource-rich state, Chhattisgarh provides electricity, coal, and steel to the rest of the nation

CULTURE –
The state hosts many religious sects such as Satnampanth, Kabirpanth, Ramnami Samaj and others. Champaran is a small town with religious significance as the birthplace of the saint Vallabhacharya, increasingly important as a pilgrimage site for the Gujarati community.

Chhattisgarh has a significant role in the life of the Lord Rama. Lord Rama along with his wife Sita and his younger brother Lakshmana had started his Vanvas (exile) in the Bastar, then known as Dandakarayna. They lived more than 10 of their 14 years of Vanvas in different places of Chhattisgarh. One of the remarkable places is Shivrinarayan which is nearby Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh. Shivrinarayan was named after an old lady Shabari. When Ram visited Shabari she said “I do not have anything to offer other than my heart, but here are some berry fruits. May it please you, my Lord.” Saying so, Shabari offered the fruits she had meticulously collected to Rama. When Rama was tasting them, Lakshmana raised the concern that Shabari had already tasted them and therefore unworthy of eating. To this Rama said that of the many types of food he had tasted, “nothing could equal these berry fruits, offered with such devotion. You taste them, then alone will you know. Whomsoever offers a fruit, leaf, flower or some water with love, I partake it with great joy.”

The Odia culture is prominent in the eastern parts of Chhattisgarh bordering Odisha.

CRAFTS –
Chhattisgarh is known for “Kosa silk” and “Dhokra or Bell metal art”. Besides saris and salwar suits, the fabric is used to create lehengas, stoles, shawls and menswear including jackets, shirts, achkans and sherwanis. Works by the internationally renowned sculptor, Sushil Sakhuja’s Dhokra Nandi, are available at the government’s Shabari Chhattisgarh State Emporium, Raipur.

CUISINE –
The State of Chhattisgarh is known as the rice bowl of India and has a rich tradition of food culture.

TOURISM –
Chhattisgarh, situated in the heart of India, is endowed with a rich cultural heritage and attractive natural diversity. The state is full of ancient monuments, rare wildlife, exquisitely carved temples, Buddhist sites, palaces, waterfalls, caves, rock paintings, and hill plateaus.

Mainpat is mini Shimla of Chhattisgarh.

There are many waterfalls, hot springs, caves, temples, dams and national parks, tiger reserves and wildlife sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh.

India’s first man-made jungle safari is also situated in Raipur.

Public Distribution System

What is Public Distribution System?

Public distribution system is an Indian Food Security System program established by Government of India under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution. This system has been entrusted with the responsibility of distribution of food and non – food items to the poor population of India at subsidised rates. Major commodities like staple food items such as wheat, rice, sugar and essential fuels like kerosene are distributed through a network of fair price shops. These shops have been established in several states across the country. This system is maintained by Food Corporation of India (FCI).

Under this scheme each family which is below the poverty line is entitled to 35 kg of rice or wheat every month. On the other hand, families which are above the poverty line are entitled to 15 kg of food grains. As of 2018, there are around 5.27 lakhs fair price shops in India. Public Distribution System is operated under the joint responsibility of center and state governments.

How did it come to existence?

This scheme was first started in 1945, during the time of second world war. But it attained its current form in 1947. Rationing of food had already started in India during the Bengal famines in early 1940s. This rationing system was revived to meet the acute shortage of food in the early 1960s.

There has been two types of this system i.e. Revamped Public Distribution System (RPDS) and Targeted Public Distribution System (TDPS). In 1992, PDS became RPDS which focused on poor people living in hilly, inaccessible and remote areas. In 1997 RDPS became Targeted PDS (TDPS), and under this fair price shops were established for the distribution of food grains at subsidised prices.

Responsibility of the center and state governments

PDS is the joint responsibility of both center and state governments. The center government has the responsibility of transporting, storing and procuring the food grains. On the other hand, the state governments are responsible for the distribution of the same through the network of fair price shops. The state governments also have other responsibilities like identification of families below poverty line, issuing ration cards etc.

Fair Price Shops

Fair price shops, also known as public distribution shops, are established by the Government of India which distributes food grains to poor people at subsidised prices. These shops mainly sell rice, wheat and sugar along with other essential commodities at much lower price than the market price. To buy from these shops one must have a ration card. Today, these shops are present in almost every village, town and city in India.

Shortcomings

  • Some fair price shops owners swap the grains provided by the government with inferior quality grains and sell the original stock in the market for higher price.
  • Many FPS dealers indulge into malpractices like black marketing and hoarding.
  • As these dealers resort to cheap tricks, the good quality food provided by the government does not reach the poor people.
  • Sometimes the illicit fair price shops owners make fake ration cards and sell the stock out in the market.
  • The coverage of these FPSs has not been up to the mark.
  • There is huge ambiguity as to which families are above or below the poverty line.

Despite of all the shortcomings, Public Distribution System is one of the most important food security networks in India.

Endless Celebration – Christmas

Christmas is a well-known Christian holiday set in December, celebrated the world over and famed for its decorations and Santa Clause. The Christmas means “Feast day of Christ”.It is a yearly celebration marking Jesus Christ’s birth; it is observed on the 25th of December as a cultural and religious celebration among a lot of people all over the world. Christmas is celebrated in all Christian countries but there are differences in the way each nation celebrates this date.

History Behind Christmas

The history of Christmas is one that dates back to a very long time; the first Christmas was celebrated in 336 A.D. in Rome. It played a very important role during the famed Arian controversy that took place in the 300s. During the early years of the middle age, epiphany overshadowed it.

Christmas was brought back to limelight around 800 A.D. when the emperor Charlemagne received the crown on Christmas day. During the 17th century, the Puritans had Christmas banned because it was associated with drunkenness and different other misbehavior.

It was made a proper holiday around 1660 but was still quite disreputable. Around the early 1900s, the Oxford movement of the Anglican Communion church started and this led to the revival of Christmas.

Preparations for Christmas

Christmas is a cultural festivity that entails a lot of preparations. It is a public holiday and so people get a Christmas break to celebrate it.

Preparations for Christmas start early for most people so that celebrations begin on the eve of Christmas. Preparations for Christmas involves a lot of activities. People usually buy decorations, food, and gifts mostly for children in the family and friends. Some families shop for matching Christmas outfits for everyone.

The common preparations include decorations of the place with Christmas trees, lighting. Before decorations begin, the house must be deep cleaned. The Christmas tree brings the Christmas spirit in homes.

Presents are placed under the Christmas tree in wrapped gift boxes and are not to be opened until Christmas day. The church is also decorated for the special event. Thorough cleaning of the churches is also done to usher in Christmas. Songs and skits to be performed on Christmas day.

People usually spend a lot on Christmas and so saving money for these plans should be the earliest preparation among all these. Families also plan to travel to stay together during this celebration period. Traditionally turkey is the common meal across the world in this day. Cards are also written to friends and family to wish them a happy holiday and to show love.

Christmas Day Celebration

Christmas carols are played on radios and televisions to mark the day. Most families start by going to church where performances and songs are done. Then later, they join their families to exchange gifts and celebrate with food and music. Happiness during Christmas is like no other.

Homemade traditional plum cakes, cupcakes, and muffins are the special treats on Christmas. Kids are showered with lots of presents and new dresses. They also get to meet the ‘Santa Claus’, dressed in a fluffy red and white costume, who greets them with hugs and gifts.

Conclusion:

Christmas reminds us of the importance of giving and sharing with friends and family. Through Christmas, we know that Jesus birth is the beginning of great things in the world. It is generally an opportunity to think about nature and the reason for our existence. Christmas is such a festival which people from all religions and faith celebrate worldwide despite it being a Christian festival. It is the essence of this festival which unites the people so much.

What is Christmas?It is tenderness for the past, courage for the present,hope for the future.

—AGNES M. PAHRO

Values

Values are the positive teachings provided to help us and tread the right path in life. Every parent wants his child to imbibe these. These can even be referred to as good qualities. A person who imbibes good values grows on to become a responsible individual and he is capable of demarcating right and wrong. Also, he is able to make wiser decisions in life.

Importance of Values

For an individual, values are most important. An individual with good values is loved by everyone around as he is compassionate about others and also he behaves ethically.

Values Help in Decision Making

A person is able to judge what is right and what is wrong based on the values he imbibes. In life at various steps, it makes the decision-making process easier. A person with good values is always likely to make better decisions than others.

Values Can Give Direction to Our Life

In life, Values give us clear goals. They always tell us how we should behave and act in different situations and give the right direction to our life. In life, a person with good values can take better charge.

Values Can Build Character

If a person wants a strong character, then he has to possesses good values such as honesty, loyalty, reliability, efficiency, consistency, compassion, determination, and courage. Values always help in building our character.

Values Can Help in Building a Society

If u want a better society then people need to bear good values. Values play an important role in society. They only need to do their hard work, with compassion, honesty, and other values. Such people will help in the growth of society and make it a much better place to live.

Characteristics of Values

Values are always based on various things. While the basic values remain the same across cultures and are intact since centuries some values may vary. Values may be specific to a society or age. In the past, it was considered that women with good moral values must stay at home and not voice their opinion on anything but however, this has changed over time. Our culture and society determine the values to a large extent. We imbibe values during our childhood years and they remain with us throughout our life.

Family always plays the most important role in rendering values to us. Decisions in life are largely based on the values we possess. Values are permanent and seldom change. A person is always known by the values he possesses. The values of a person always reflect on his attitude and overall personality.

The Decline of Values in the Modern Times

While values are of great importance and we are all aware of the same unfortunately people these days are so engrossed in making money and building a good lifestyle that they often overlook the importance of values. At the age when children must be taught good values, they are taught to fight and survive in this competitive world. Their academics and performance in other activities are given importance over their values.

Parents, as well as teachers, teach them how to take on each other and win by any means instead of inculcating good sportsman spirit in them and teaching them values such as integrity, compassion, and patience. Children always look up to their elders as their role models and it is unfortunate that elders these days have a lack of values. Therefore the children learn the same.

Conclusion

In order to help him grow into a responsible and wise human being, it is important for people to realize that values must be given topmost priority in a child’s life because children are the future of the society. There can be nothing better in a society where a majority of people have good values and they follow the ethical norms.

“VALUES ARE LIKE FINGERPRINTS. NOBODY’S ARE THE SAME, BUT YOU LEAVE THEM ALL OVER EVERYTHING YOU DO.”

— ELVIS PRESLEY

Role of science in making india

New green pasture beckons

In the last few years, science has helped a lot in the development of India. Science has contributed to all the sectors. Science has improved the global economy, increased employment opportunities, saved millions of lives and has played a major role in a lot of industries. Science is very important for the growth and development of India. It even plays a key role in our daily lives. Every country should invest as much as possible in research and development for scientific technologies. In this essay on the role of science in making India we will see how science has helped India to grow in different sectors.

How Indian Scientists have Helped India Grow?

When it comes to Indian Scientists, the first name comes to my mind is CV Raman. CV Raman was the first Asian who won the Nobel Prize. His work was related to light and sound. He investigated that when light passes through a transparent material, some of the deflected light waves see the change in its amplitude and wavelength.

APJ Abdul Kalam is the second name that comes in my mind in Indian Scientists. APJ Abdul Kalam worked as an Aerospace engineer with ISRO and DRDO. He was also president of India from 2002 to 2007. Abdul Kalam contributed a lot to Aerospace. One of the contributions is deploying Rohini Satellite near Earth’s orbit. A few more names are Homi Bhabha, Visvesvaraya, V Radhakrishnan, Satyendra Nath Bose and many more… 

Seven Defining S&T Contributions That Have Impacted Every Indian - The India Saga

How has Science Increased Employment Opportunities?

Whenever any new technology is discovered it leads to new industries. For example, if any new scientific device is invented it will require eligible professionals to control the device. Such inventions help in increasing employment opportunities. This also helps in growth in many businesses which in turn develops the Indian economy.

Curing Diseases and Saving Lives

In the last few years, medical science has evolved so much and saved billions of lives. New technologies like wireless brain sensors, artificial organs, smart inhalers, robotic surgery, virtual reality are making work easier for thousands of doctors around the world. And also these technologies are saving millions of lives and curing diseases. 

Role in Agriculture Sector

Science has played a very major role in the Agriculture sector. Food is one of the basic needs of our lives. And science has now invented so many new agriculture techniques which have increased production drastically. The old mundane techniques farmers used to follow was very slow, expensive, and required too much effort.

National Technology Day 2021: Science and technology for a sustainable future - The Financial Express

Science has made everything a lot easier for farmers. Improved facilities in irrigation, modern fertilizers, advanced equipment, and pesticides are all helping farmers to work faster, and save more money. 

Conclusion

Science has helped us a lot in many ways and it will keep helping. Everyone should not only invest as much as possible in science and technology but also should stay aware of all new technologies developed around the world. 

Online Classes : Boon or Bane?

Coronavirus is changing the world in unprecedented ways. COVID-19 has its impact on all segments of life. It has also strongly affected whole education system. The sudden impact of corona pandemic in our country not only affects the global economy but harshly damaged our physical, social and mental well-being. The whole education system has been suddenly shifted digitally which is a huge challenge for both the students and teachers. The education system has been turned upside down. Students tend to lose their interest in online learning and it’s very challenging for the engagement of students.  

Online education has also proven to be a boon for people who were craving for some ‘me time’ amidst this hustle of life. This could be a great time to work on getting regular sleep, regular exercise, healthy nutrition, and getting regular work hours. We can finally enjoy that hobby that we never got around to. Online classes can often be more cost-effective than traditional classes and can be done at a pace the student is comfortable with.

Advantages of Online Classes

  1.  Online classes are convenient.

The biggest advantage of an online classes is that your classroom and instructor (theoretically) are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Your only excuse for missing class is not getting online. Otherwise, everything is available to you. You can get announcements, access notes, review assignments, take practice quizzes, discuss questions, chat with fellow students and study any time you want. Other than certain due dates, you make your own schedule for completing the requirements of the course.

2. Online classes offer flexibility.

You can study any time you want. You can study with whomever you want. You can study wearing anything you want. Online courses give you the flexibility to spend time with work, family, friends, significant others or any other activity you like.

3. Online classes offer flexibility.

You can study any time you want. You can study with whomever you want. You can study wearing anything you want. Online courses give you the flexibility to spend time with work, family, friends, significant others or any other activity you like.

4. Online classes have financial benefits.

Although you may think that buying a computer and paying for Internet access is pretty expensive, consider what it would cost you to reach to the campus. Consider the costs of eating out versus eating at home. These are very tangible benefits of having access to education at home.

5. Online courses teach you to be self-disciplined.

Most of us put off the things we need to do until the very last moment. When it comes to education, the last moment is the worst possible moment to learn. Sometimes that lesson is learned the hard way in the form of poor performance on an exam or assignment. But ultimately, you succeed because you realize the importance of doing things on time or even ahead of time. That self-realization propels your success in an online course. No one is there looking over your shoulder to tell you to go online and study. No one is there to make you ask questions or post responses. The motivation to study in an online course comes from you. It’s something we call student-centered or active learning. The online student takes responsibility for their course of studies and matures into an individual for whom learning and accomplishment are highly valued. In short, your success depends on you.

Disadvantages of Online Classes

  1. Online classes make it easier to procrastinate.

Procrastination will chop you to bits in an online course. There is no one to tell you to get to class on time. There is no one reminding you that assignments are due or that exams are coming. It’s easy to put off reading and assignments in the online environment. Before you know it, weeks have gone by, you haven’t done any homework and its exam time.

2. Online classes require you to be responsible for your own learning.

Only you are responsible for your learning. No one can force it on you. No one can make you study. Teachers can share a little knowledge and experience, show you a few tools and hope you get it. The spark and desire to pursue your dreams must be yours. So, the real disadvantage is that you might not own up to it. You might not take responsibility for your studies and your goals. You might get way behind and never catch up.

3. Online classes require more time than on-campus classes.

Believe it or not, you will spend more time studying and completing assignments in the online environment than you will in an on-campus course. If you are sitting in a classroom, it’s likely that you’ll miss a good percentage of what the teacher says, no matter how focused you are. It’s human nature to zone out for brief periods of time. When you are reading, you will have a tendency to go back over the notes if you miss something and that takes more time. The point is that you will likely learn more in an online environment, but you will have to make a greater effort to accomplish that learning.

4. Online classes may create a sense of isolation.

In an online class, no one can hear you scream. And that causes discomfort for some online students. Studying alone with only the computer as your companion can be terrifying. There’s no whispering in the back of the room, no commanding presence at the front of the classroom pleading for everyone to listen. The online environment is a much different atmosphere that takes some getting used to.

5. Lack of communicational skill development in online students

E-Learning methods are proven to be highly effective at improving the academic knowledge of the students. However, developing the communicational skills of the students is an area often neglected during online lessons. Due to the lack of face-to-face communication between peers, students and teachers in an online setting, the students might find that they are unable to work effectively in a team setting. Neglecting the communicational skills of the students will inevitably lead to many graduates who excel in theoretical knowledge, but who fail to pass their knowledge on to others.

BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS: Mobile Banking

Advantages 

On these days we do our daily stuff with the help of our mobile phones, that also includes banking. Mobile banking is a free, convenient way to keep up with your finances.

Some of the advantages of using mobile banking are the following:

AVAILABILITY

There are no working hours or operations or particular requirements for mobile banking, customers can check their account, move money, pay bills and various other banking processes with the help of mobile banking. It is available 24*7 for the customers.

PAPERLESS

No one enjoys getting bank statements in the mail. With the help of mobile banking, there is no need for the customer to receive junk mail from the bank. It’s also safer because you are no longer having to get away from sensitive information into the trash.

CONTROL

Mobile banking makes it so easy to have complete control over your finances. You can monitor your balances and move money between accounts to avoid overdraft fees. With bill pay you can alert when it’s time to pay to avoid late fees, or set up recurring bill payments and not have to think about it.

SAFE

Mobile banking is safer and secure. All reputable banks and financial institutions use encryption to safeguard and protect your privacy and identity information on mobile apps.

TIME SAVING

It is time saving because we don’t want to visit the particular bank to do our banking process. We can do it with the help of mobile banking.

HELPS YOU TO TRACK YOUR FINANCES

Managing an account through your mobile also puts you in charge of your money and helps you better to know your financial standing. You can always monitor your account balance and transfer money from a different account if needed be. You can check your balance and statement at any time.

MINIMIZE ERRORS

A comprehensive mobile banking will reduce errors that users make. There hasn’t been a better time to get familiar with mobile banking as indeed, this is the only way forward. 

DISADVANTAGES

OPERATING EXPENSES

It tends to be high in traditional banking, since in addition to having administrative offices, they also have offices to serve their clients in person. Among its main operating expenses are: 

  • Paying rents from the premises where they operate
  • Payment of public services and security
  • Expenses in stationary and issuance of the plastics (for making debit and credit cards)

MOVE TO OFFICES AT CERTAIN TIMES

In case of making a transfer or other type of management, in many cases physical presence must be made in the bank’s office and within the business hours established by the bank, which is considered as a great disadvantage. 

SLOW PROCESSES

Another disadvantage is the slowest process held in the organization. Another demonstration of the slow process time that transactions between different banks usually take.

HIGH COMMISSIONS

In general, traditional banking commissions are high due to higher operating expenses, which makes many of their products or services more expensive compared to other products or fintech companies.

LOW STIMULUS TO SAVINGS

Due to lower interest rates that traditional banks usually pay their savings to the clients if there is a low saving stimulus. This is because traditional banking promotes more bank loans and they are the ones that generate more interest and collection fees, which allows them to create more fiat money and have more profits.

LIMITATION IN ONLINE BANKING

Although traditional banking is using some functions of online banking, the latter is still limited. For example, in many cases this service is conditioned to the use of some of its product. There is also the problem of limits on amount to be transferred in addition to difficulties or restriction in transferring money to other countrie

CONCLUSION

As smartphones become more commonly used, and their capabilities expand, they may increasingly be the means consumers use to access financial services and manage their finances. Their constant presence also makes them a potentially useful tool for the delivery of just in time financial information or as in decision making. 

Given the prevalence of mobile phones, particularly smartphones among minorities, low-income individuals, and younger generations, mobile technology has the potential to empower consumers and expand access to financial services for underserved populations.

The use of mobile banking has increased by more than a third in the past year, and it appears likely to continue to increase as more and more consumers use smartphones. While still small, the use of mobile phones to make payments at the point of sale has increased even more rapidly. Over a quarter of mobile phone users express some interest in using their phones to make payments at the point of sale, giving mobile payments substantial growth potential as the ability to make these payments becomes more widespread.

The two factors limiting consumer adoption of mobile banking and payments are concerns about the security of the technology and a sense that they don’t offer any real benefits to the user over existing methods for banking or making payments. With regards to security, consumers have actually become more likely in the past year to report that they simply don’t know how safe it is to use mobile banking, suggesting that consumers need to be provided with reliable and accurate information on the level of security associated with the various means of accessing mobile banking. In terms of the value proposition to consumers, the significant number of mobile users who reported an interest in using their phones to receive discounts, coupons, and promotions or to track rewards and loyalty points suggests that tying these services to a mobile payment service would increase the attractiveness of mobile phones as a means of payment.

5 Writs in Indian Constitution

Know about how to voice for your rights, legal bounds, and solve wrong conducts or mistakes by legal officials.

Writs! What do you mean by writs?

In common law, a writ is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction; in modern usage, this body is generally a court. Warrants, prerogative writs, and subpoenas are common types of writ, but many forms exist and have existed.

Why are Writs needed?

It is a constitutional remedy available to a person to bring his complaint or grievance against any administrative action to the notice of the court.

Types of Writs:

  • Writ of Habeas Corpus
  • Writ of Mandamus
  • Writ of Certiora
  • Writ of Prohibition
  • Writ of Quo-Warranto,

WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

It is also known as the “great writ”

Habeas Corpus means “Let us have the body.”. In other words, it means “you may have the body” which means that a person under arrest is to be brought before a judge or into court. It is an important writ for personal liberty. A person, who is arrested, can move the Court for the issue of Habeas Corpus. 

It is an order by a Court to the detaining authority to produce the arrested person before it so that it may examine whether the person has been detained lawfully or not. It ensures that a prisoner can be released from detention if the Court is convinced that the person is illegally detained—that is, detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence.

The person under arrest or any another person on his behalf can file a writ in this. Formal and informal applications in respect of the writ is accepted by the Courts. It is only a procedural remedy and does not necessarily protect other rights, such as the entitlement to a fair trial. A person cannot make the application for the Writ successively to different judges of the same court. 

In India, writs are issued by the Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Constitution of India and by the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution of India.

Writ of Mandamus:

Mandamus means “We Command”. Mandamus is an order from a superior court to a lower court or tribunal or public authority to perform an act, within its duty. In short, it is an order to perform a duty which should have done but failed to do so.  It is the discretionary power of a court. It is simply to ensure rights are ensured and the Government Authorities perform their duties.

The writ of mandamus can be granted when there is right to compel the performance of some duty cast upon the authority. It can also be issued to public authority to restrain it from acting under a law which has been declared unconstitutional. The petitioner has a right recognized by law.

The writ cannot be granted when

  • Duty is not compulsory.
  • Against a private individual, private organization since they are not entrusted with public duty. 
  • To enforce an obligation arising out of contract.
  • Where the right of the petitioner has lapsed

Writ of Certiora

Certiorari means to be certified. The Writ of Certiorari can be issued by the Supreme Court or any High Court for retracting the order which is already passed by an inferior court and to properly investigate the matter and opinions objectively. A writ of certiorari is only granted when a Court has acted without or in excess of its jurisdiction and For correcting error of law. It cannot lie to remove merely ministerial act or to remove/cancel executive administrative acts. It is corrective in nature which means the purpose of this Writ is to correct an error.

When there is an error apparent on the record, it becomes a valid ground for issuing the Writ of Certiorari.

Certiorari can be resorted to only after the order or decision has been announced.

Writ of Prohibition

Writ of prohibition means to cease or to stop. it is also known as a ‘Stay Order’. When a lower court or a body tries to perform an action outside its jurisdiction, This Writ issued by a superior court to lower court or a tribunal to prohibit or forbidden it to do so. The Supreme Court can issue this Writ only where a fundamental right is affected.

In cases where the court is partly acting within its jurisdiction and partly outside it, the Writ will be issued against the act which is partly outside its jurisdiction. This Writ can be issued only when the proceedings are pending in the inferior court and not when an order has already been passed by that court. The Writ of Certiorari can be issued only when the order has passed.

Writ of Quo-Warranto

The word Quo-Warranto literally means “by what warrants?” and ‘by what authority’. It is issued restraining a person from acting in a public office to which is out of bounds. The business or the office in question is public office. The issue of summon is followed by legal proceedings, during which an individual’s right to hold an office or governmental privilege is challenged. 

Grounds on what it is issued.

The nature of the duties which arises from this office is public. The person against whom the Writ is sought to be issued is in actual possession of the office and is using such office.

Basics of inflation accounting

Inflation accounting is an improvisation of cost accounting in presence of a considerable rate of inflation or deflation.Historical information on financial statements is no longer applicable when a business operates in a country where there is a significant amount of market inflation or deflation. In some cases, companies are allowed to use inflation-adjusted figures to counter this issue, restating the numbers to reflect current economic values.

Advantages of Inflation Accounting

The following are the advantage of Inflation Accounting

  • It reflects the current( market value) and not the historical cost of the balance sheet.
  • It is highly effective in times of general inflation or hyperinflation.
  • Depreciation of the business is valued and cost on the current price and not on the historical or the carrying value of the asset which is the correct method.
  • Profit and loss will be more reliable and true.
  • Financial ratios based on figures, adjusted to the current value, are a good reflection of reliable integrity of the company.

Disadvantages of Inflation Accounting

The following are the disadvantage of Inflation Accounting

  • Changing in price is a never-ending process hence it becomes difficult every time to reinstate the figures of the company and present the financial statements.
  • Inflation accounting is a complicated process and it involves long calculation and the data gathering process thus increased cost incurred

SLEEP HYGIENE

“Sleep’s what we need. It produces an emptiness in us into which sooner or later energies flow.”
― John Cage.

Almost everyone has encountered a zombie-like feeling after a night of minimal or no sleep. Even after just one night without enough rest, we can feel drowsy during the day with slowed thinking, lack of energy, and an irritable mood.

Sleep deprivation is when you don’t get the sleep you need, and it is It’s estimated to affect most of the students, a problem that has only worsened in recent years.

Lack of sleep directly affects how we think and feel. While the short-term impacts are more noticeable, chronic sleep deprivation can heighten the long-term risk of physical and mental health problems.

If you eat well and exercise regularly, but don’t get at least seven hours of sleep every night, you may be undermining all of your other efforts.

How much sleep do you actually need?

Everyone feels better after a good night’s rest.  But now, thanks to a report from the National Sleep Foundation, you can aim for a targeted sleep number tailored to your age.

  • Older adults, 65+ years: 7 to 8 hours.
  • Adults, 26 to 64 years: 7 to 9 hours.
  • Young adults, 18 to 25 years: 7 to 9 hours.
  • Teenagers, 14 to 17 years: 8 to 10 hours.
  • School-age children, 6 to 13 years: 9 to 11 hours.
  • Preschool children, 3 to 5 years: 10 to 13 hours.
  • Toddlers, 1 to 2 years: 11 to 14 hours.
  • Infants, 4 to 11 months: 12 to 15 hours.
  • New-born, 0 to 3 months: 14 to 17 hours.

But a minimum of seven hours of sleep is a step in the right direction to improve your health.

What happens when you don’t get enough sleep?

Short-term problems can include:

  • Lack of alertness. Even missing as little as 1.5 hours can have an impact on how you feel.
  • Excessive daytime sleepiness. It can make you very sleepy and tired during the day.
  • Impaired memory. Lack of sleep can affect your ability to think, remember and process information.
  • Relationship stress. It can make you feel moody and you can become more likely to have conflicts with others.
  • Quality of life. You may become less likely to participate in normal daily activities or to exercise.
  • Greater likelihood for car accidents. Drowsy driving accounts for thousands of crashes, injuries and fatalities each year, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Chronic sleep deprivation can even affect your appearance. Over time, it can lead to premature wrinkling and dark circles under the eyes. There’s also a link between lack of sleep and an increase in the stress hormone, cortisol, in the body. Cortisol can break down collagen, the protein that keeps skin smooth.

So lack of sleep could mean more wrinkles! Understand why sleep is so important yet?

How to Sleep Better

If you’re experiencing mild, occasional problems with sleep, try these simple strategies to make you better.

1. Treat getting enough sleep as if it is as important as taking medicine.

With all the demands on our time every day, you might put a good night’s rest at the bottom of your priority list.

2. Keep a consistent wake time.

Wake up at the same time every day, including weekends or days off.  Waking at the same time every day will actually help you to sleep better at night. A fixed wake time helps to build a strong desire for sleep throughout wakefulness. This sleep drive gradually builds, and shortening it by sleeping in will make it harder to fall asleep the next night. Sleeping in on the weekend makes it much more difficult to wake up earlier on Monday morning.  

It also is important to do some relaxing activity such as taking a warm bath or reading a book before bedtime. By making these activities part of your bedtime ritual, you can train yourself to associate these activities with sleep. This association will help you to move more easily into slumber.

3. Put away the smart phones and tablets.

Electronic devices keep your mind humming — and far from the relaxed state you need to achieve before bedtime. So, keep away the gadgets at least an hour ago before sleep.

BOTTOM LINE

Getting frequent sunlight exposure during the day supports a healthy circadian rhythm that helps you be alert during the day and sleepy at night. Regular physical activity can also contribute to a normal sleep schedule, so try to engage in at least moderate exercise every day.

REFERENCES https://health.clevelandclinic.org/happens-body-dont-get-enough-sleep

Top 5 Freelancing platforms to know about (Part 2)

https://wordpress.com/post/eduindex.org/63783

Be it any field, any job, or any work we are about to do. Always be cautious and be careful of frauds. This information is purely based on providing you dome platforms to know about.

Trivium Education (Services Subject Matter Expert)

Trivium is a process outsourcing company focused on the Education Vertical. Trivium was founded in 2010 by the Master franchisee of The Princeton Review In India. Trivium offers services in assessment development, eTutoring, hand grading and content support to education companies globally. Our key markets currently are the US,UK and India.

People have had good experiences with them and the salary is said to be good compared to other SME jobs. You do have learn everything about jobs on your own. Like every first job, you will have dedicate yourself completely and work hard.

WorkNhire

About them: WorknHire.com, a product of WorknHire Technologies Pvt Ltd,  has been created to bridge the gap between Freelancers and Client in India by bringing them under one roof. The idea of WorknHire came to us seeing the demand generated by the numerous start-ups and small business to find freelancers/contractors for their work and hence a customized solution for the Indian market.

Projects can be posted and found on various categories like IT & Programming, Graphic Design, Content Writing, Data Entry, Finance and Sales & Marketing. Creating an account, finding work or posting a project is free of cost on WorknHire.

It is mainly based in India. It’s free for clients to register on Worknhire.com. There are fees to post jobslike 200(INR) fee to post a job and few more for it to be featured. Worknhire charges a 5.6% service fee on all invoices.

Guru

Guru.com is an expression of our beliefs that we hold close to our hearts. It’s one thing to simply provide a platform where Employers and Freelancers can work together. It’s another to do it in our own unique way. We strive to be the premier platform where professionals go to connect, collaborate, and get work done.

We strive to be the premier platform where professionals go to connect, collaborate, and get work done. We believe that the best work is done in a flexible and secure environment. With transparency comes trust, and with a community that’s built on meritocracy, people are eager to set aside differences in geography, politics and religion to share and profit from economic opportunities.

Since 1998, we have been working tirelessly out of our offices in Pittsburgh, PA and Noida, India to turn these aspirations into reality. We have developed a close bond with our users. As their needs have changed, we have evolved our platform to provide the tools and support they want. Our users teach us, we learn and we grow. We invite you to become a part of our expanding community!

  – Guru

They do charge fees, you will be charged 8.95% on your earnings. People have found jobs with adequate pay. It can be confusing but there’s flexibilty.

Youth4Work

Founder: Rachit Jain Founded: 2012

About: We at Youth4work, help the youth to improve their talents and use them for professional achievements, through self-assessment. We strive to use the connected human needs, enabling the transparent flow of hiring demands and talents supply. By helping the companies into insights of the young talent, Youth4work enables the seamless engagement and interaction of the users, through an online assessment program

It is a platform are aiding the youth right from their education and preparation, and eventually in their career journey and professional growth.

Areas: India, Argentina, Mexico, Chile, Columbia, and Peru.

It is a good platform which provides means to study, clear their doubts regarding various topics, self study time, exam tips, find jobs as a student. People have cracked their entrance exams through this and applied for various jobs as well.

Working Nomads

WorkingNomads.co curates lists of the most interesting remote job offers in many professional career areas. We connect professionals who want to work remotely with innovative companies offering independent positions. Working nomads is a remote job board with a curated list of reliable remote positions from around the world. 

Working Nomad has several fields of jobs. You can find new updated job postings every day in many different areas such as development, management, marketing, design, sales and so on. You have choice of temporary projects or regular employment. A remote career is flexible kind of work and most of their job postings are fully remote with availability to work from anywhere in the world. For recruiters, one job posting costs $149 and a free service for job seekers.

The reviews have been positive till now. Yet, always remain cautious about the information you give, clear every suspicion without fear, and be within safe limits by keeping in touch with HR.

How much salary does Cognizant pay to software engineers?

Photo by Christina Morillo on Pexels.com

According to the JobBuzz data, here is the compensation of software engineers that Cognizant offers.

1. Software Developer/ Programmer
Software developers obtain compensation of Rs 2,73,617 per year on the minimum level and Rs 8,58,340 per year on the maximum level. The average salary of a software developer is Rs 4,84,968 annually.

2. Data Warehouse Developer
Annually, the minimum and maximum salary for a data warehouse developer are Rs 2,93,821 and Rs 9,47,472 respectively. The average compensation for the candidates is around Rs 5,30,472 per year.

3. Software Testing Engineer/ Test Automation Engineer
Software testing engineers obtain a salary of Rs 4,74,120 per year. The minimum and maximum compensations are Rs 2,43,227 and Rs 8,11,764 respectively depending on the experience of the candidates.

4. Tech Architect
On average, the salary of a tech architect is Rs 12,04,353 per year. The minimum and maximum compensation depending on the experience of the candidate are Rs 3,31,666 and Rs 23,38,366 annually.

5. Software Quality Assurance Analyst
Software quality assurance analyst compensation is around Rs 4,70,236 per year on average. The minimum compensation is Rs 2,52,693 per year and the maximum is Rs 8,02,490.

Developers dread these programming languages, but which one pays the most?

A portion of the report ranks programming languages by their correlating developer salary. If you’re looking to get paid well, it might be worth your time to learn Clojure and maybe not Dart

office.jpg
Image: GettyImages/RyanJLane

On Monday, Stack Overflow published the results of its 2021 Developer Survey. The findings highlight a range of sentiments and economic information such as developer attitudes toward specific “dreaded” languages and how much certain programming languages pay on average. So, which programming languages do developers love, and which one should you learn if you want to get paid top dollar?

Top programming languages: Loved, hated and wanted

Overall, the results are based on a global survey conducted in May and June of this year involving more than 83,000 software developers. Rust topped the list in terms of languages developers love versus the options they dreaded, with 86.98% of responses saying they loved Rust compared to the 13% of responses who dreaded it. Clojure ranked No. 2 in this regard with 81% of respondents saying they loved the language versus 18.88% who dreaded it.

Interestingly, there’s a marked drop-off between the top two and the rest of the field. TypeScript ranked third with 72.73% of respondents saying they loved the language versus 27.27% who dreaded it. In order, Elixir, Julia, and Python round out the top six.

On the other end of the spectrum, Cobol ranked at the least loved programming language, with 84.21% of respondents saying they dreaded it, versus 15.79% who loved it. In order, VBA, Matlab, Objective-C, Groovy and Assembly sat at the bottom of the list as the top six most dreaded programming languages.

A portion of the report identifies the programming languages developers wanted to have in their arsenal. Stack Overflow determined these languages based on the percentage of “developers who are not developing with the language or technology but have expressed interest in developing with it.” Python topped the list by a wide margin with 19.04% of respondents wanting the programming language, followed by runner-up TypeScript (15.29%). In order, JavaScript (14.59%), Go (14.54%), Rust (14.09%) and Node.js (11.9%) round out the top six most wanted programming languages.

“Rust is the “most loved” language for the sixth straight year, and Python was the “most wanted” for the fifth straight year. Though it’s not as “new” as Rust, Python is easy to learn and applicable across industries. It’s one of the most widely implemented languages, and programs tend to be clear and readable,” said Khalid El Khatib, SVP of marketing communications at Stack Overflow.

Top paying programming languages

A section of the report ranks programming languages by their correlating developer salary. To determine this figure, the survey asked respondents to list their total compensation. Clojure topped the list at $95,000 nearly $14,000 higher than runner-up F# ($81,037). Elixir and Erlang both garnered the same pay ($80,077) followed by Perl and Ruby, with both also earning the same pay ($80,000). On the economic flip side, Dart sat at the bottom of the list at $32,986, just a few grand below PHP ($38,916).