Role of 'MSME' sector in Indian Economy.

MSME has introduced in the year 2006 in India. There are still some service sector that was not yet included in this sector was included in the definition of the Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises making a historic change to this Act.

The MSME sector in India gave a major boost to the economy. Over 63 million MSMEs spread across the country contributed 30.5% to India’s GDP in FY19 and 30% in FY20. It also created many employment opportunities. Based on a study conducted by the Ministry of Statistics & PI between July 2015 and June 2016, the MSME sector employed 111 million workers. Compared with large-scale companies, MSMEs aided in the industrialisation of rural areas at minimal capital cost. The sector has made significant contributions to the country’s socio-economic growth and complemented major industries as well. MSMEs account for approximately 40% of India’s total exports, 6.11% of GDP from the manufacturing sector and 24.63% of GDP from the services sector.

The significance of the MSMEs sector can be noted from the fact that it is the second-largest employment provider, after agriculture in India. This sector has proven the instrumental in the growth of the nation, leverage exports, creating huge employment opportunities for the unskilled, fresh graduates, and the underemployed. It also extended the opportunities to banks for giving more credit to enterprises to MSME Sector. The government should take the special care by addressing the importance of MSME in terms of providing more and more MSME Registration advantages by implementing better regulations and enable financial institutions to lend more credit at less interest rate for sustainability of this sector.

To ensure that MSMEs continue to lead the country towards economic growth, the Government of India has from time to time announced various schemes to support the development of this sector. Recently, in view of the economic hardship caused by covid 19, the government has announced few schemes under ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ i.e. Self-reliant India initiative. Accordingly, the criterion for classifying MSME has also been revised. Under the revised criterion, the combined factors of ‘Investment in plant and machinery’ and ‘Turnover’ are required to be considered to determine whether a business should be classified as a micro, small or a medium enterprise. In contrast, earlier the classification of an MSME unit was based only its investment in plant and machinery; and also depending on whether the enterprise was in the manufacturing sector or in the services sector.

Need of Hindi Day

Hindi Day

Hindi Diwas or National Hindi Day is celebrated every year on September 14 to mark the adaptation of Hindi (written in Devanagari script) as the official language by the Constituent Assembly on September 14, 1949. The first Prime Minister of the country, Jawaharlal Nehru, decided to celebrate Hindi Diwas on September 14. September 14 to spread awareness about the importance of the Hindi language in the country. The Hindi language is one of the oldest languages that obtains much of its academic terminology from the Sanskrit language written in the Devanagari script. All schools, colleges, offices, and organizations to showcase the importance of the day and the language. The day commemorates the event when Hindi was adopted as one of the official languages of India. The most interesting fact about Hindi is that “Hindi” is basically a Persian language word and the first Hindi poem was written by the eminent poet “Amir Khusro”.The first literature on the history of the Hindi language was composed by a French writer “Grasim the Taisi”.

Modelling: Career

Modelling

Modelling offers a glamorous career with tremendous opportunities to travel and meet various people. An established model gets good income. Modelling involves a lot of hardworking, dedication and perseverance. It is highly competitive field. In this field, physical attributions and personal qualities are more important. They are types of modelling like ramp modeling, television modeling and print modeling. There are no specific qualifications or age limit to enter this field. The model coordinating agency or a fashion designer will help to enter to this field if they are satisfied with one’s portfolio. Other way to enter to modelling field is through participating in contests sponsored by magazines, cloth manufacturers, cosmetic companies etc. and to take part in beauty pageants. Model learn on the job. Training programs include beauty care, make up, hair styling, diet and exercise, presentation skills etc. The main attributes required to become a model is good and healthy complexion and energetic expression.

Salient Features of NEP, 2020

The National Education Policy 2020 was unveiled on July 29, 2020. The National Education Policy 2020 makes a number of changes to both higher education and secondary education, including technical education. The National Education Policy 2020 lists a number of action items/activities that should be implemented in both higher education and schooling.

The following are specifics of NEP 2020’s key features:

• Ensuring universal access at all educational levels, from preschool to grade 12;

• Ensuring that all children between the ages of 0 and 3 receive high-quality early care and education;

• New Pedagogical and Curricular Framework (5+3+3+4);

• There are no clear distinctions between the humanities and sciences, academic and extracurricular pursuits, or career paths;

• Launching a national initiative on basic literacy and numeracy;

• Promoting multilingualism and Indian languages as a priority; The home language, mother tongue, local language, or regional language will be used as the primary medium of teaching until at least Grade 5, but ideally until Grade 8 and beyond.

• Assessment reforms, including up to two Board Exams per school year, one for the main exam and one for improvement, if requested;

• The establishment of the PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development) National Assessment Center;

• Educational equity and inclusion, with a focus on Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs);

• Special Education Zones and a specific gender inclusion fund for underprivileged areas and groups;

• Effective and open procedures for hiring teachers and performance evaluations based on merit;

• Ensuring that all resources are accessible via school complexes and clusters;

•State School Standards Authority (SSSA) establishment

• Promotion of vocational education throughout the K–12 and tertiary systems of instruction;

• raising GER to 50% in higher education;

• Multidisciplinary, all-encompassing education with numerous points of access and departure;

• NTA will conduct a Common Entrance Exam for HEI Admission;

• The founding of an academic bank of credit

•Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities (MERUs) establishment ;

•The National Research Foundation (NRF) was established.

•”Light yet Tight” regulation

• The Higher Education Commission of India (HECI), a single overarching umbrella organisation, with independent bodies for standard setting (the General Education Council), funding (the Higher Education Grants Council), accreditation (the National Accreditation Council [NAC]), and regulation (the National Higher Education Regulatory Council [NHERC]), is responsible for promoting the higher education sector, including teacher education but excluding medical and legal education;

• Growing open and distant education to boost the gross enrollment ratio (GER).

• Globalization in Education

• The higher education system will include professional education as a core component. The goal of institutions in these and other sectors, including independent technical universities, law schools, medical schools, and agricultural colleges, is to become multidisciplinary institutions.

• 4-year integrated stage- and subject-specific teacher education degree in education

• Creating a National Mentoring Mission.

•The establishment of the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF), an independent organisation that would serve as a forum for the unrestricted discussion of ways to use technology to improve instruction, evaluation, planning, and administration.

•The appropriate use of technology in all educational levels.

•Objectives Reaching 100% adult and juvenile literacy.

• The commercialization of higher education will be fought and stopped by a number of methods with checks and balances.

• As a “not for profit” company, all educational institutions will be held to the same standards of audit and disclosure.

• The Center and the States will collaborate to boost public spending on education so that it reaches 6% of GDP as soon as possible.

• The Central Advisory Board of Education should be strengthened to maintain coordination and to put more of an emphasis on quality education overall.

By 2030, the NEP, 2020 aims to raise the GER in preschool through secondary education to 100%, while it will rise from 26.3% in 2018 to 50% in higher education, including vocational education.

Fiscal Deficit

Fiscal deficit is the difference between the government’s total expenditure and the total non debt creating receipts. Revenue receipts, recoveries of loan and other receipts are all non debt creating. The government doesn’t have to borrow to generate these sources of income. Revenue receipts include both tax and non tax revenue of the government of India. Tax revenue means revenue that government gets by collecting taxes like personal income tax, corporate tax and goods and services tax. Non tax revenue include stamp duty and dividends earned from public sector units. Dividend is the return on capital invested by the government in PSU’s. Fiscal deficit arises when the government has expenditure higher than the revenue it generates. To bridge this expenditure revenue deficit government starts borrowing. This borrowing is called Fiscal Deficit. Fiscal deficit is usually expressed in terms of percentage of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A high and rising Fiscal deficit is bad for the general state of the economy, trade balance and currency exchange rates. A high fiscal deficit means that the governments borrowing are high. When the government borrows money from the general public , it creates demand for money. A high fiscal deficit can be dangerous it affect general economic activity it will reduce business and economic activity. It will reduce income and employment generation. It lead to reduction of exchange rates and rises the trade deficit.

International Day for Preservation of Ozone Layer : 16th September.

The world observes September 16th as International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer or World Ozone Day. The day marks the anniversary of the Montreal Protocol which was signed to keep in check Ozone depleting substances. On this day, people from all over the world hold talks and seminars on the ozone layer. Educators teach students about the benefits of the Ozone layer and special events and activities are organised to spread awareness.

The ozone layer is a fragile shield of gas that protects the Earth from the harmful portion of the rays of the sun, thus helping preserve life on the planet. Ozone is a protective layer that protects us from harmful radiations of the sun. It is crucial for sustaining life on this planet. Montreal Protocol was an effort countries made to collaborate and protect the ozone layer. The principal aim of the Montreal Protocol is to protect ozone layer by taking measures to control total global production and consumption of substances that deplete it.

World Ozone Day 2022 Theme “Montreal Protocol@35: global cooperation protecting life on earth” is the theme of World Ozone Day 2022.

Let us understand what Ozone is and how it is being depleted.

Ozone is made up of three atoms of oxygen. It is highly reactive gas and is represented by O3. It occurs naturally as well as a man-made product in the Earth’s upper atmosphere i.e. stratosphere and lower atmosphere i.e. troposphere. The Ozone layer is present in Earth’s atmosphere (15-35km above Earth) in the lower portion of the stratosphere and has relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). Naturally, it is formed through the interactions of solar UV radiation with molecular oxygen O2. It reduces the harmful UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface.

The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is manufactured chemicals, especially manufactured halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and foam- blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, halons). Since the early 1970’s, scientists observed reduction in stratospheric ozone and it was found more prominent in Polar Regions. ODS substances have a lifetime of about 100 years.

International Day for Preservation of Ozone Layer : 16th September.

The ozone layer is a fragile shield of gas that protects the Earth from the harmful portion of the rays of the sun, thus helping preserve life on the planet. Ozone is a protective layer that protects us from harmful radiations of the sun. It is crucial for sustaining life on this planet. Montreal Protocol was an effort countries made to collaborate and protect the ozone layer. The principal aim of the Montreal Protocol is to protect ozone layer by taking measures to control total global production and consumption of substances that deplete it.

World Ozone Day 2022 Theme “Montreal Protocol@35: global cooperation protecting life on earth” is the theme of World Ozone Day 2022.

Let us understand what Ozone is and how it is being depleted.

workshop on Interventions Required for Strengthening the PPP Ecosystem

Workshop on “Interventions Required for Strengthening the PPP Ecosystem (Partners in Progress)”

The Government of India envisions a major role of Public Private Partnership (PPP) to leverage private sector investment and operational efficiencies in the provision of affordable, qualitative, and sustainable public assets and services.

The Government of India has taken several interventions to encourage private sector investors to participate, leverage their resources, technology, and management skills to increase infrastructure investment and improve the delivery of public goods and services with a high level of efficiency and quality in light of the rising demand of infrastructure facilities.

Continuing with the interventions to encourage the private sector investment, Infrastructure Finance Secretariat, DEA with the support of British High Commission (BHC) organised a workshop on 14.9.2022, with an intent to provide a platform to the key stakeholders (specially the private players) to share their views about the current PPP landscape, their areas/ sectors of interest, and suggest interventions/initiatives required to further strengthen the current PPP ecosystem. The workshop, included sector specific sessions on Health, Education and Sports, Water Supply and Municipal Solid Waste Management, Urban Transport and Roads & Airports.

The Workshop was inaugurated by Shri Ajay Seth, Secretary, DEA, Ministry of Finance (MoF) with welcome address from Shri B Purushartha, Joint Secretary, (ISD), Infrastructure Finance Secretariat. Special Addresses were also delivered by Dr. V. Anantha Nageswaran, Chief Economic Adviser, MoF, Ms. Sally Taylor, Minister Counsellor (Director Development, Climate, Science and Technology), and Ms. Wendy Werner, Country Head India, International Finance Corporation, World bank Group.

During the Sessions, the private players presented key issues/constraints faced by them during structuring and execution of PPP projects and suggested key interventions that may be required for enhancing private sector investments in the infrastructure sector.

The Workshop witnessed presenters from infra sector private players viz., Olympiados, Max Healthcare, Apollo Hospitals, Krsnaa Diagnostics, Medanta, GenWorks, Apex Hospitals, Jindal Urban Infrastructure, Vishwaraj Infrastructure, VA Tec Wabag, SUEZ India, Re Sustainability Co., Tata Projects, Abellon Green Energy, Megha Engineering, GreenCell Mobility, Reliance Infrastructure Limited, Hindustan Construction Company, Cube Highways, IRB Infrastructure, GMR Infrastructure, Noida International Airport, Gammon India, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, and attendees from Shapoorji Pallonji, L&T Infrastructure, PNC Infrastructure, Ashoka Buildcon, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kishan Agro Industries, Incredible Medtech LLP, Dynatom International GmbH, Innovative Technologies and Projects, Aggcon Equipments, Sekura, etc.

During the workshop Project Sponsoring Authorities (PSAs) presented successful PPP Projects executed in aforementioned sectors. Shri Manu Srivastav, Principal Secretary, Government of Madhya Pradesh presented successful REWA project. IDA Bihar gave a presentation on Jayaprabha Hospital on PPP mode, , Goa Waste Management Corporation presented on Solid waste management facility, Housing &Urban Development Department, Government of Odisha on Bhubaneswar Water Supply , Indore Municipal Corporation on Urban Public Transport , Pune Metro Rail Development Authority (PMRDA) on Pune Metro project , Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority (UPEIDA) on road projects undertaken on PPP mode and Airport Authority of India (AAI) on Leasing of Airports on PPP mode.

Each session was concluded by senior officials of the respective Central Infra Line Ministries wherein they assured full support from the Government in overcoming the existing challenges while implementation of PPP projects including remarks from, Shri Amit Ghosh, Additional Secretary of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Shri Vishal Chauhan, Joint secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Shri Kunal Kumar, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Housing And Urban Affairs, Smt. Rubina Ali, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Civil Aviation and Shri Vishwajeet Kumar, Director, Dept. of Higher Education, Ministry of Education.

The workshop witnessed an active participation of 150+ participants that include participants from Private sector infra players, representatives from FICCI, CII, ASSOCHAM , NIIF, Senior Government officials from Central Ministries and State Governments , officials from British High Commission and International Finance Corporation and Transaction Advisers empanelled by DEA.

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Ease of Doing Business further and reduce compliance burden on “small companies"

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has taken several measures in the recent past towards ease of doing business and ease of living for the corporates. These included decriminalisation of various provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 & the LLP Act, 2008, extending fast track mergers to start ups, incentivising incorporation of One Person Companies (OPCs) etc. Earlier, definition of “small companies” under the Companies Act, 2013 was revised by increasing their thresholds for paid up capital from “not exceeding Rs 50 lakh” to “not exceeding Rs 2 crore” and turnover from “not exceeding Rs 2 crore” to “not exceeding Rs 20 crore”. This definition has, now, been further revised by increasing such thresholds for paid up Capital from “not exceeding Rs. 2 crore” to “not exceeding Rs. 4 crore” and turnover from “not exceeding Rs. 20 crore” to “not exceeding Rs. 40 crore”.

Small companies represent the entrepreneurial aspirations and innovation capabilities of lakhs of citizens and contribute to growth and employment in a significant manner. The Government has always been committed to taking measures which create a more conducive business environment for law-abiding companies, including reduction of compliance burden on such companies.

Some of the benefits of reduction in compliance burden as a result of the revised definition for small companies are as under:

No need to prepare cash flow statement as part of financial statement.
Advantage of preparing and filing an Abridged Annual Return.
Mandatory rotation of auditor not required.
An Auditor of a small company is not required to report on the adequacy of the internal financial controls and its operating effectiveness in the auditor’s report.
Holding of only two board meetings in a year.
Annual Return of the company can be signed by the company secretary, or where there is no company secretary, by a director of the company.
Lesser penalties for small companies.

The relevant notification issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs is available on the Ministry’s website at the following link:

https://www.mca.gov.in/bin/dms/getdocument?mds=tiMs9IFJ8xuPm%252B%252Foxc6fUw%253D%253D&type=open

Click to see the notification: Small Companies Notification

Hindi Diwas

Hindi originated as a word for the people
who lived on the banks of the Indus River in ancient times. It is located in
India’s northwestern region. It is also one of Asia’s longest river systems..
Later in time, the word Indus was heard as the people called Hindus, and the
language they spoke was known as Hindi. Hindi also has its roots in Sanskrit.
Initially, there was only Sanskrit, but over time it underwent various changes
in the time frame of 1500 BC – 800 BC. There is a main dialect that flows into
other languages called Khari Boli. It was this dialect that laid the foundation
for classical Hindustani popularity. Today’s Urdu and Hindi arose from Khari
Boli.

As such, India is a diverse, multilingual
country with its own culture, politics and historical significance. Hindi is
the most widely spoken language in our country. This is why Mahatma Gandhi said
that Hindi is our public language.

Bihar, which followed Urdu as its official
later in 1881, became the first state to declare Hindi as its official
language. Finally, on September 14, 1949, Hindi was accepted as the official
language of India.

This day is also declared as Hindi Diwas as
it is an attempt to pay homage to Beohar Rajendra Simha. He is recognized for
his efforts to make Hindi an official language of India.

No one has decided on the way to celebrate
Hindi Diwas. Many literary events and cultural programs are organized on this
important day. Themes of wearing Indian dress are decided and events are
organized in schools, colleges etc. Schools also hold various competitions such
as debates, essays and exhibitions. Various awards are also distributed for the
promotion of Hindi like Rajbhasha Kirti Puraskar and Rajbhasha Gaurav Puraskar
are distributed under public units, ministries, nationalized banks and also
among citizens.

Facts about Hindi, our mother tongue:

It is the fourth most widely spoken
language after Mandarin, Spanish and English.

It is written in the Devanagari script,
which originated in the 11th century.

Oxford dictionary has various Hindi words
like Kebab, Papad, Bada Din, Bacha, Surya Namaskar, Bapu, Dadagiri and many
more.

Other Hindi speaking countries are
Pakistan, Nepal, United Arab Emirates, Mauritius, Suriname, Tobago, Fiji,
Guyana and Trinidad.

Hindi is our mother tongue and it is also a
symbol of freedom which was won for all of us by our freedom fighters after a
long legendary struggle. It is time for us to wake up and realize that our
language and our identity are being unconsciously eliminated due to our
carelessness and the growing influence of westernization. We are nothing
without our cultural identity, hence Hindi Diwas is an attempt to rekindle the
essence of Hindi in our lives. It is time we value our own culture and
language. Celebrate Hindi Diwas with your loved ones and spread knowledge about
our mother tongue.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

N kavya

Empowerment stands for giving authority and power to women. Thus, Women’s empowerment refers to empowering women to make their own decisions. It means women should have full equality across all fields, regardless of stereotypes. With higher literacy rates and equal pay for equal work, women can thrive economically and rise out of poverty. Protecting women and girls from violence and abuse while challenging the stigmas against reporting crimes would overall create a much safer society.

The Current State of Gender Equality:

On the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Index of 2021, India ranks 140th among 153 nations, “becoming the third-worst performer in South Asia.” India fell 28 places from its 2020 rank of 112th. The report cites several reasons for this fall. In terms of political empowerment, the number of female ministers declined from about 23% in 2019 to just 9% in 2021. The female workforce participation rate also decreased “from 24.8% to 22.3%.”
Additionally, the “share of women in senior and managerial positions also remains low.” The report also indicates that women in India earn just one-fifth of what men earn.

Furthermore, “one in four women” endure “intimate violence” at least once in their lifetime. Although India has achieved gender parity in educational attainment, illiteracy rates among women remain high. The report indicates that just 65.8% of women in India are literate in 2021 in comparison to 82.4% of men.

Women also endure inequality concerning land and property rights. A 2016 UNICEF report noted that only 12.7% of properties in India “are in the names of women” despite 77% of women in India depending on agricultural work as a core source of income.

Benefits of Empowering Women in India:

As the majority of India’s population, women represent a significant portion of the nation’s untapped economic potential. As such, empowering women in India through equal opportunities would allow them to contribute to the economy as productive citizens. With higher literacy rates and equal pay for equal work, women can thrive economically and rise out of poverty.

Protecting women and girls from violence and abuse while challenging the stigmas against reporting crimes would overall create a much safer society. Improving the female political representation rate would enable more women to serve as role models for young girls and allow a platform to bring awareness to the issues affecting women in India. Overall, gender equality allows for women to live a better quality of life, allowing them to determine their futures beyond traditional expectations.

Women Of Worth (WOW):

According to its website, “Women Of Worth exists for the growth, empowerment, and safety of girls and women” standing “for justice, equality and change.” WOW began in 2008, created by a group of women who longed for change in a society rife with gender discriminatory practices. Its ultimate vision is “to see women and girls live up to their fullest potential.” With a mission of empowering women in India.

The organization has three focal areas:

1. Advocacy Work: WOW utilizes social media platforms to raise awareness of gender inequality and “change attitudes and behavior.”

2. Training and Health Services: WOW provides training to both men and women in schools, tertiary institutions, and companies on women’s safety and rights. It also presents lectures and “keynote addresses” on the topic. Furthermore, WOW provides counseling sessions to improve mental health.
Rehabilitation and Restoration: WOW offers “counseling, life skills training, and therapy” to children and women who are victims of abuse, neglect, and trafficking.

WOW’s efforts have seen success. The organization helped to rescue 200 girls from abusive backgrounds, providing them with rehabilitation services. WOW also gave 11 girls scholarships to continue their education. WOW provided training on gender equality to about 800 working people and “1500 students” along with “200 parents” and 300 educators.

3. Gender equality is a crucial cornerstone in the advancement of any society or nation as it affects all areas of society from economic growth to education, health, and quality of life. Gender inequality in India is a deep-rooted, complex, and multi-layered issue but it is also an essential battle to overcome to see the fullest potential of the nation.

How are women empowered in India?

The Constitution of India has certain provisions that specifically focus on women’s empowerment and prevents discrimination against women in society. Article 14 talks about equality before the law. Article 15 enables the state to make special provisions for women.

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Andolan has been launched for creating awareness among the people to educate all girl children in the country. The government successfully promotes this scheme by forming District Task Force and Block Task Force. The scheme was launched in the Panipat district of Haryana on 22 January 2015 with initial funding of Rs. 100 crore. Before the launching of this scheme, the Child Sex Ratio of Panipat was 808 in 2001 and 837 in 2011.
Massive publicity is made about the program in print and electronic media, and the logo of this scheme is very common in government buildings such as pillars of National Highway 44, Panipat District Court, bus stand, and railway station of Panipat district, etc.

Financial independence is important for women’s empowerment. Women, who are educated and earning, are in a much better position in our society as compared to uneducated women workers. Therefore, a scheme called working women hostels has been launched so that safe and convenient accommodation should be provided to working women. The benefit of this scheme is given to every working woman without any distinction of caste, religion, marital status, etc. To take benefit from this scheme, the gross total income of women should not exceed Rs. 50,000 per month in the case of metropolitan cities whereas, in the case of small cities, the gross total income should not exceed Rs. 35,000 per month.

The focus of the government has shifted from women’s development to women-led development. To achieve this goal, the government is working around the clock to maximize women’s access to education, skill training, and institutional credit. MUDRA Yojana ( Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Ltd ) is one such scheme that was launched on 8 April 2015 in which loans up to Rs. 10 lakh are provided to women entrepreneurs, without any collateral. For instance: A woman namely Kamla daily wage laborer from Panipat has taken a loan of Rs. 45,000 from the State Bank of India to start work in a beauty parlor and she is engaged in gainful employment with dignity now.

Conclusion:

Women must have an equal voice, rights, and opportunities, throughout their lives. Gender equality can make a difference to individual lives and whole communities. Economic and Social Empowerment places women and girls in a stronger position. Women’s and girls Economic Empowerment gives a voice in decison making processes. women also should be given equal rights like men to actually empower them. They need to be strong, aware, and alert every time for their growth and development. The most common challenges are related to the education, poverty, health, and safety of women.

GOA

Goa was formed on 30th May 1987. The capital of Goa is Panaji. The chief languages spoken by people are Marathi and Konkani. The main towns of Goa are Panaji, Margaret, Vasco, Ma- pusa and Ponda. The wildlife sanctuaries are Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, the Bondla wildlife sanctuary, Molem National Park etc. The main beaches are Bogmalo(water sports), Varca, Candolim, Baga, Anjuna, Morjim,Candolim etc. The main waterfalls are Aravelam adjacent to Rudreshwara temple and rock cut caves, the Dudsagar waterfalls downward to it is Devil’s canyon suitable for trekkers and hikers. Tiracol is fort built by Marathas in 1745. Aguada fort built by Portuguese 1609 – 1612. Now used as central prison.Paddy is the main agriculture grown here.Ragi, cashew, coconut are also grown in Goa. Fishing is also main occupation of people. Main sweets of Goa are Bebinca, Dodol,Sanna and delicacies include Bangra, pork vindaloo, sorpotel, chourisso. Other attractions are the Secretariat building, Church of St. Francis of Assisi,Church of St. Austin,Church of St. Monica, Basilica of Bom Jesus,Goa state museum,Colma,Palolem etc.

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Salient Features of NEP, 2020

The following are specifics of NEP 2020’s key features:

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The Current State of Gender Equality:

Benefits of Empowering Women in India:

Women Of Worth (WOW):

How are women empowered in India?

Conclusion:

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