Telangana formation day.

This day i.e., June 04 every year since 2014 is celebrated as Telangana day or Telangana Formation day.

Why this day?

This day commemorates the formation of the state of Telangana. On this day, the people of Telangana get a state public holiday.

Before, The present day Telangana used to be a part of Andhra Pradesh. The state of Telangana was officially established on 2 June 2014 from the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Background of the Formation of Telangana

There had been several movements to revoke the merger of Telangana and Andhra, major ones occurring in 1969, 1972 and 2009. The movement for a new state of Telangana gained momentum in the 21st century by an initiative of the Telangana Political Joint Action Committee (TJAC) including political leadership representing the Telangana area. On 9 December 2009, the government of India announced the process of formation of the Telangana state. Violent protests led by people in the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions occurred immediately after the announcement, and the decision was put on hold on 23 December 2009.

The movement continued in Hyderabad and other districts of Telangana. There have been hundreds of claimed suicides, strikes, protests and disturbances to public life demanding separate statehood.

  • In 1997, the BJP supported the formation of a separate state. In 2001, K Chandrasekhara Rao formed the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) to revive the movement.
  • In the various elections held in the state of Andhra Pradesh, the people voted for TRS and gave a public impetus to the movement.
  • In 2009, there was a huge boost to the movement when Rao went on a hunger strike for a separate Telangana, reminding people of the hunger strike and ultimately death of Potti Sreeramulu (Born on March, 1901) who agitated for the state of Andhra.
  • Many young people also committed suicide for the movement.
  • In 2010, the Sri krishna Committee was appointed to “bring about a permanent solution” to this issue. The committee stated in its report that efforts must be made to bring about equitable development to the three regions of the state of Andhra Pradesh, and it recommended a united Andhra Pradesh.
  • However, owing to pressure, the Union cabinet approved a bill for the bifurcation of the state.
  • The Andhra Pradesh Re-organization Bill was passed in 2014. Hyderabad was suggested as a common capital. It will remain so for not more than ten years after which it will be the capital of Telangana alone, and Andhra Pradesh would get a new capital.
  • The new state of Telangana was formed on 2nd June 2014.

Significance

Because of the long-running Telangana movement, the day is noteworthy in the state’s history. Telangana was approximately 50 years in the making until it was finally recognised as a separate state. This day, June 2, commemorates the Telangana movement’s achievement in forcing Andhra Pradesh’s bifurcation. This not only gave the people of the region a distinct identity but also changed India’s map.

World Milk Day

June 1 is observed as World Milk Day every year. World Milk Day is a day established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in 2001 to recognize the importance of milk as a global food.

The day is intended to provide an opportunity to bring attention to activities that are connected with the dairy sector. This year’s theme will highlight the work already being done to accelerate climate action and help reduce the dairy sector’s impact on the planet.

Using the World Milk Day platform, awareness of the messaging and action will be raised towards Dairy Net Zero.

Indian Dairy Sector: 

  • India is the world’s largest milk producer, with 22% of global production, followed by the United States of America, China, Pakistan and Brazil.
  • Milk production in the country has grown at a compound annual growth rate of about 6.2% to reach 209.96 mn tonnes in 2020-21 from 146.31 mn tonnes in 2014
  • The top 5 milk-producing states are: Uttar Pradesh (14.9%), Rajasthan (14.6%), Madhya Pradesh (8.6%), Gujarat (7.6%) and Andhra Pradesh (7.0%).

What are the Initiatives of the Government of India related to Dairy Sector?

  • Rashtriya Gokul Mission: This mission is launched to improve productivity and enhance milk production through genetic upgradation of bovine population and development and conservation of indigenous bovine breeds.
  • Gopal Ratna Award 2021: Gopal Ratna Award is given to encourage all individual farmers, artificial insemination technicians and Dairy cooperative societies working in this sector.
  • Nationwide Artificial Insemination Programme: Under this programme, Artificial Insemination services delivered free of cost at farmers’ doorstep.
  • e-GOPALA app: A comprehensive breed improvement marketplace and information portal for direct use of farmers in the form of the e-GOPALA app (Generation of Wealth through Productive Livestock)
  • National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD): It is launched across the country since 2014 with an objective of strengthening of infrastructure for Production of quality milk, Procurement, Processing and Marketing of Milk & Milk Products through State Implementing Agency (SIA) i.e State Cooperative Dairy Federation.
  • Kisan Credit Card (KCC) for Animal Husbandry & Dairying Farmers: Through Kisan Credit Cards, farmers are enabled to gain access to institutional credit at concessional interest rate for working capital expenditure.

Bharat Drone Mahotsav 2022

Recently, India’s biggest Drone Festival – Bharat Drone Mahotsav 2022 was inaugurated in New Delhi by the Prime Minister. A virtual award of drone pilot certificates, panel discussions, product launches, display of a ‘Made in India’ Drone Taxi prototype, flying demonstrations, among others were the key events.

Drone is a layman terminology for Unmanned Aircraft (UA). Originally developed for the military and aerospace industries, drones have found their way into the mainstream because of the enhanced levels of safety and efficiency they bring.

Applications of Drone Technology?

Agriculture: In the agriculture sector, micronutrients can be spread with the help of drones. It can also be used for performing surveys for identifying the challenges faced by the farmers.

Defence: Drone system can be used as a symmetric weapon against terrorist attacks. Drones can be integrated into the national airspace system.Deployment of drones for combat, communication in remote areas, counter-drone solutions can be done.

Law Enforcement: Drones are also significant for the law enforcement agencies, the fire and emergency services wherever human intervention is not safe and the healthcare services.

Healthcare Delivery Purposes: Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) devised Drone-Based Vaccine Delivery Model, i-drone. Telangana and North-east states have been approved to use this drone technology for delivering vaccines in remote areas.

Significance of Drone Mahotsav?

As drone technology has its application in diverse areas such as defence, disaster management, agriculture, healthcare, tourism, film and entertainment, there is a great possibility of a major revolution creating immense opportunities for employment. Villages are witnessing the arrival of roads, electricity, optical fibre and digital technology. However, agriculture work is still being conducted in old ways, leading to hassles, low productivity and wastage. Drone technology is going to play a major role in empowering farmers and modernize their lives.

Government is making efforts towards creating a strong drone manufacturing ecosystem in India through schemes like Production-Linked Incentive (PLI).

4 FAMOUS PERSONALITIES FROM DELHI UNIVERSITY- check this out…

Amitav Ghosh

Amitav Ghosh was born in Calcutta and raised in India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. He studied in Delhi, Oxford and Alexandria and is the author of The Circle of Reason, The Shadow Lines, In An Antique Land, Dancing in Cambodia, The Calcutta Chromosome, The Glass Palace, The Hungry Tide, and the Ibis Trilogy, which includes the Sea of the Poppies, a river of smoke and a flood of fire. His latest book, The Great Derangement; Climate Change and Imagination, a work of myth, emerged in 2016.

TOP 10 BOOKS TO READ

  1. Sea of poppies (2008)
  2. The hungry Tide (2004)
  3. The shadow lines (1988)
  4. The Calcutta Chromosome (1955)
  5. In an antique land (1992)
  6. The invisible Hand (2017)
  7. The Imam and the Indian (2002)
  8. River of Smoke (2011)
  9. Flood of Fire (2012)
  10. The Nutmeg’s Curse (2021)
AMITAV GHOSH

Amitav Ghosh holds two Lifetime Achievement awards and four honorary doctorates. In 2007 he was awarded the Padma Shri, one of India’s highest honors, by the President of India. In 2010 he was a joint winner, along with Margaret Atwood of a Dan David prize, and 2011 he was awarded the Grand Prix of the Blue Metropolis festival in Montreal. In 2018 the Jnanpith Award, India’s highest literary honor, was conferred on Amitav Ghosh. He was the first English-language writer to receive the award. In 2019 Foreign Policy magazine named him one of the most important global thinkers of the preceding decade

MANO BAJPAYEE

Manoj Bajpayee was born in Belwa, a small village in West Champaran, Bihar. He was the second of six siblings. Upon completing his schooling from Khrist Raja High School in Bettiah, Manoj studied at Maharani Janaki College in Bettiah till his twelfth grade. He then moved to Delhi where he attended Satyawati College and went on to graduate from Ramjas College, Delhi University.

MANOJ BAJPAYEE

He mainly works in Hindi cinema and has also made films in Telugu and Tamil. He received two National Film Awards, four Filmfare Awards and two Asia Pacific Screen Awards for Best Performance by an Actor. In 2019, he received the fourth highest Indian civilian honor Padma Shri for his contributions to art.

SONU NIGAM

Sonu Nigam (born 30 July 1973) is an Indian singer, music director and actor. He has been described in the media as one of the most popular and successful playback singers of Hindi Cinema. He has been honoured by the Government of India with Padma Shri, the country’s fourth-highest civilian honour for his contribution in the field of arts.

SONU NIGAM

He has received 17 nominations for Filmfare best playback singer, 10 nominations for Filmfare awards South and is a winner of record 4 times (9 nominations) for IIFA Award for Best Male playback singer and received Oscar Academy Awards nomination in 2014 for soundtrack of Jal composed by Sonu Nigam and Bickram Ghosh together. He was ranked the Number 1 artist on the US Billboard Uncharted charts twice in September and October 2013.S

SHEREEN BHAN

Shereen Bhan (born 20 August 1976) is an Indian journalist and news anchor. She is the Managing Editor of CNBC-TV18. Shereen Bhan has an experience of 20 years, 14 of which were spent in tracking corporate, policy news and events that defined the business landscape in India. In April 2005, she was awarded the FICCI Woman of the Year award.
Women’s magazine Femina included her among the 20 Beautiful Faces of the year in its September 2005 issue. She was featured on the cover of Verve magazine’s December 2008 issue. Shereen figured among the 50 most Beautiful Women in the Vogue October 2008 issue.
In 2009, the World Economic Forum named her as one of the Young Global Leaders of 2009. In 2021, Best News Presenter or Anchor, India Business Hour, 26th Asian Television Awards (Nominated)

SHEREEN BHAN

Where To Find Free Blogger Backgrounds And Textures

  Blogger is a fantastic tool for amateur and professional writers that have a passion for publishing online content. Unlike WordPress or hosting companies that require you to design your site before ever getting started, Blogger is a ready to go service right out of the box that will allow you to start writing for yourself or others on day one. The effort required to sign up for an account is minimal, and you can really get as creative as you want, whenever you want.

Even if you aren’t familiar with web development or design, that’s okay. Blogger is a place for everyone. Thanks to the overwhelming support of the Blogger and creative communities, there are plenty of free to use resources out there to make your site look great and keep you focused on what you love best. Here are some of the top sites for acquiring blogger backgrounds that won’t cost you a dime and will look incredible.

Shabby Blogs

Shabby blogs offers some unique texture and graphic rendered Blogger backgrounds to choose from. All of the designs that they have are created to be standard width so you don’t get a lot of flexibility to choose from; however, there are guides out there that can teach you how to extend the sidebars, header, and footer of your screen if you find one you love and this is something important to you. In addition to offering Blogger backgrounds Shabby blogs also has a section for cute little buttons that you can add to your site to give it an extra special touch.

shabby blogs backgroundshttp://www.shabbyblogs.com/backgrounds.htmlhttp://www.shabbyblogs.com/backgrounds.htmlhttp://www.shabbyblogs.com/backgrounds.html

Hot Bliggity Blog

Aside from having one of the coolest and creative names to say out loud, Hot Bliggity Blog has a wide selection of patterned-based blogs for your site. You can choose between different color schemes, and they also offer three different sizes to pick from, standard, widened, and full width. Best of all, they are really easy to install. All you have to do is click on the install link underneath the image. From there it will copy the code for you into your clipboard and give you instructions on where to paste it.

hot bliggity blog backgroundshttp://hotbliggityblog.com/http://hotbliggityblog.com/

Dotty Dot Dot

Dotty Dot is the place to go if you like geometric type backgrounds that are heavy on squares, plaid, circles, and of course dots. The website is a little bit hard to navigate, but they have a sidebar with a bunch of tags to help you sort through all the available templates and find something you like. Just about every color you can imagine is available if you plan on matching your Blogger backgrounds to your favorite color or font style. The widths of the most of the templates vary so some have heavy padded sidebars, whereas some are very skinny.

http://dottydotdotdesign1.blogspot.com/http://dottydotdotdesign1.blogspot.com/http://dottydotdotdesign1.blogspot.com/http://dottydotdotdesign1.blogspot.com/

LeeLou Blogs

Lee Lou Blogs offers Blogger backgrounds that look a lot like you would find in a scrapbook with a heavy dependency on small pictures and vector graphics. These free templates would go great with any home improvement blog or DIY arts and crafts writer. Most of the free backgrounds are standard size with the high padded sides, but like anything you can get access to more templates if you want to take advantage of any of his premium designs.

http://leelou-blogs.com/

CgTextures

If you just want something basic real basic that won’t distract customers from your content, you can head over to CgTextures. Their site is full of photos and textures that could be added as a background image with a reduced transparency. The blog would still look great and you wouldn’t have to worry as much about trying to match your font style and color so that it fits in with the background. Instead you can draw more focus on what’s important and less on the site’s bells and whistles.

cg textures for blogger backgrounds

Every Stock Photo

Bloggers that want less of an ‘artsy’ look to their site and instead more of a serious appeal can get a picture from Every Stock Photo to use as the background image. You can also benefit by using some of the pictures offered through this site within your blog posts so that you aren’t stuck buying things from premium image providers. There search bar and navigation panel makes it easy to find exactly what you are looking for to see a unique feel to every page.

every stock photo background image

Shizoo-Design

Shizoo-Design is a German based design firm with about 554 different patterns to choose from. You can find everything from conservative shapes to abstract rainbows and splashes of color. All of the textures are provided in a range of size, anywhere from 1000×700 pixels to 1300×600 pixels so that they will comfortably fit your entire site’s background and work with most browsers and computer screen sizes. Brushes and custom icons are also available from the site, free of charge.

shizoo design textures,blogger backgrounds

Patterns of Change

Patterns of Changes offers Blogger backgrounds that are cartoon oriented and that can best be tiled across the screen. The site is perhaps one of the easiest to use compared to all the others on the screen, providing a simple navigation bar where you can choose what color you’d like the pattern to be. When you select one of the colors provided, it will come up with a bunch of different patterns usually associated with that color. For instance, when the color brown is selected, one of the choices ia brown cake. Blogger backgrounds for this site might not be the best choice for business professionals, but they certainly are fun.

patterns of change blogger backgrounds

How to Add a Background Image using the Blogger Template Designer

If you have a background image that you want to upload, then follow these steps:

1. Log into your Blogger account and go to “Template”, press the “Customize” button on the right side. Once the Blogger template designer has opened, you’ll see the Background option on the left – click on it:

change blogger background

2. Now click on the box below the Background image title and it will open a window from where we can select a default background image. On the upper left side of this window, click Upload Image and select the image you would like to use from a location on your computer.

upload background image

Note that you should use a JPG, GIF, or PNG image that is no more than 300k in size. If your image is too large, then you can use the Kraken.io image optimizer to make the image file smaller.

3. After you’ve uploaded your image, click ‘Done’ and you’ll be taken back to the background menu. Here you will see additional options like: “Alignment”, “Tile” and “Scroll with page”:

  • Alignment: change the position of the background image to start either horizontal (left, center, right) or vertical (top and bottom);
  • Tile (Repeat): if you want a small background image to fill the page, choose to repeat (tile) horizontally and/or vertically.
  • Scroll with page: the box is checked by default, this means that the background scroll along with the page contents. If you want the background picture to not move as the page is scrolled and stay exactly where it is, uncheck this box.
background image position

4. For a background image with plain color in the middle for content, you might want to remove the main and header background. Navigate to “Advanced” > “Backgrounds” and type the word “transparent” inside the “Main Background” and “Header Background” box:

change background color

5. If the background is smaller than the content area, we can fix this using CSS. Scroll down and click on the Add CSS option, then paste this CSS code inside the box:

body {
background-size: 200%;
}

.body-fauxcolumn-outer .cap-top {
background: none;
}

Note: to change the size of the background, modify the 200% value in red.

change background size

Once you’re happy with the results, press the ‘Apply to blog’ button and enjoy the new background for your site.

How to Change Background in a Custom Blogger Template

Sometimes the above options might not appear in some custom Blogger templates if the body.background variable hasn’t been defined. In this case, we will need to access the HTML of the template:

1. Go to “Template” and click the “Edit HTML” button, then click anywhere inside the code area. Press the CTRL + F keys to open the Blogger search box:

blogger template html

2. Paste or type the following tag inside the search box and hit Enter to find it:

]]>

3. Immediately before the ]]> tag, paste one of the following code snippets:

For a large background image:

body {
background-image: url(IMAGE-URL.png) !important;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center top;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-size: 100%;
}

Note: the no-repeat value prevents the image from repeating either vertically or horizontally. Use background-repeat: repeat-y if you’d like the image to repeat vertically, or background-repeat: repeat-x if you want it to repeat only horizontally. To increase the size of the background, change the 100% value.

adding background in blogger

If using a repeating pattern, add this CSS code instead:

body {
background-image: url(IMAGE-URL.png) !important;
background-repeat: repeat;
background-position: center top;
background-attachment: fixed;
}

4. Open a new tab and upload your background image to Blogger or an image hosting site, and copy the URL of your hosted image to your clipboard. If you don’t know how to do it, please take a look at this tutorial.

After you copied it, replace the text highlighted in blue from above with your image url.

5. Finally, Preview the template to ensure that the background image appears as you want, and press the “Save template” button to save your changes. That’s it!

Using the 8 sites listed above, you have a wide range to choose from when creating a site that really represents you. Given the right tools, designing you blog can be a fun hobby to enjoy that can spark your creativity and improve the quality of your writing. With such a large selection, the hardest part of setting up your new theme will be finding which one you like best.

GAGANYAAN

Recently the Union Cabinet approved Rs 10,000 crore for India’s 1st Human spaceflight programme, Gaganyaan, to be launched by 2022. It will include two unmanned flights and one human space flight. India’s first human spaceflight will carry 3 astronauts to a low earth orbit of 300 to 400 kilometres on board GSLV Mark III vehicle, for at least 7 days. ISRO is also launching test flights with humanoids to conduct micro-gravity experiments. If successful, India would be the 4th country to send manned mission after Russia, USA, and China. 

COMPONENTS OF GAGANYAAN

1. Rocket

The rocket will take the crew to the low-earth orbit (300-400 km)

2. Crew Module

A crew module carrying three Indians will be attached with a service module. The crew members will be selected by the IAF and ISR. The crew will perform micro-gravity and other scientific experiments for a week.

3. Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry technology (CARE)

4. Crew Escape System (PAT)

It is an emergency accident avoidance measure designed to quickly get astronauts and their spacecraft away from the launch vehicle if a malfunction occurs during the initial stage of the launch. 

5. Environmental Control & Life Support System (ECLSS) 

It will maintain steady cabin pressure and air composition, remove carbon dioxide and other harmful gases and control temperature and humidity o manage parameters like fire detection and suppression.

Swachh Survekshan 2023

The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has launched the eighth edition of Swachh Survekshan (SS) – SS 2023 under Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0. SS 2023 is curated towards achieving circularity in waste management. Swachh Survekshan was introduced by MoHUA in 2016 as a competitive framework to encourage cities to improve the status of urban sanitation while encouraging large scale citizen participation. Over the years, Swachh Survekshan has emerged as the largest Urban sanitation survey in the world.

In SS 2023, additional weightage has been given to source segregation of waste, enhancement of waste processing capacity of cities to match the waste generation and reduction of waste going to the dumpsites. Indicators have been introduced with additional weightage on emphasizing the need for phased reduction of plastic, plastic waste processing, encourage waste to wonder parks and zero waste events. The cities would also be assessed on dedicated indicators on the issues of ‘Open Urination’ (Yellow Spots) and ‘Open Spitting’ (Red Spots), being faced by the cities.

SBM-U 2.0 was announced in Budget 2021-22, as the continuation of SBM-U first phase. The government is trying to tap safe containment, transportation, disposal of fecal sludge, and septage from toilets. SBM-U first phase was launched on 2nd October 2014 aiming at making urban India Open Defecation Free (ODF) and achieving 100% scientific management of municipal solid waste. It lasted till October 2019.

It will be implemented over five years from 2021 to 2026 with an outlay of Rs.1.41 lakh crore.

The Mission is being implemented under the overarching principles of “waste to wealth”, and “Circular Economy”.

Aim:

  • It focuses on source segregation of garbage, reduction in single-use plastic and air pollution, by effectively managing waste from construction and demolition activities and bioremediation of all legacy dump sites.
  • Under this mission, all wastewater will be treated properly before it is discharged into water bodies, and the government is trying to make maximum reuse a priority.

Mission outcomes:

  • All statutory towns will become ODF+ certified (focuses on toilets with water, maintenance and hygiene).
  • All statutory towns with less than 1 lakh population will become ODF++ certified (focuses on toilets with sludge and septage management).
  • Bioremediation of all legacy dumpsites.

Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM Ahmedabad)

  Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM Ahmedabad) is a business school placed in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The college has been accorded the status of an Institute of National Importance by the Ministry of Human Resources, Government of India in 2017. The Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad is approved by AICTE (i.e. All India Council for Technical Education).

IIM Ahmedabad Admission 2022 has started the application window for PGPX and e-PGD. Candidates can fill out the application form for Round 1- 

  • PGPX application window for Round 1 is 20 June to 22 August 2022. Apply Here
  • The application window for e-PGD Round 1 is from 1 August to 30 October 2022Apply Here

It offers courses including Post Graduate Diploma Programme in Management (PGP), together with Post Graduate diploma Programme – Agri-Business Management (PGP-FABM), Doctoral (Fellowship) Programme (FPM), executive training Programme (PGPX), ePost Graduate Program (ePGP). The courses like PGP (MBA) and executive MBA area unit are the foremost standard courses offered by IIM Ahmedabad.

To get admission here, the candidate first must undergo the primary stage which is appearing for the CAT (or GMAT) examination conducted by the IIMs. once clearing the desired cutoff and also the composite score i.e. CS, the candidate is called for a written test which is the academic Writing test (AWT) and Personal Interview (PI).

The IIM Ahmedabad campus is located across 102 acres of land in Vastrapur, Ahmedabad. The campus homes the academic blocks, staff workplaces, and offices, student and faculty accommodation, the Library, the R.J. Matthai auditorium, the Louis Kahn Plaza, the International Management Development Center, the Kasturbhai Lalbhai Management Development Center, the centre for Innovation, Incubation, and Entrepreneurship, sports facilities, shops food retailers, and merchandise stores.

The university has the subsequent sector or mission-oriented Centers which that staffed by faculty members:

  • Centre for Innovation, Incubation & Entrepreneurship (CIIE)
  • Centre for e-Governance
  • Centre for Infrastructure Policy and Regulation
  • Centre for Management of Health Services
  • Centre for marketing
  • IIMA-Idea telecommunication Centre of Excellence
IIM Ahmedabad Key Points
  • It has been ranked among the top colleges for MBA and other business-related courses.
  • In 2021 it was ranked first among the business colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework.
  • It is a group of 20 public, autonomous institutes for management education and research in India.
  • It has backed the first rank by NIRF in 2021 and is ranked as one of the best Business schools in India and the Asia-Pacific Region.
  • Popular courses offered by the college are MBA, PGPM, PGPEx, and PhD.
  • There are several events held for the student by the institute few of which are “The Red Brick Summit” and “Chaos”.
  • The facilities offered include Library, Cafeteria, Hostel, Sports complex, Labs, Gyms, Hospital/ Medical Facilities, Wi-Fi, Auditorium, Music rooms, AC Classrooms and many more.
  • The Institute has a top-class and decent infrastructure with numerous facilities being provided.

IIM Ahmedabad Ranking

Around the world, the Financial Times has ranked IIM Ahmedabad 29th positing in its Masters in Management Ranking 2022 and 61 in its global MBA Ranking 2022. The QS GLobal MBA Rankings 2022 ranked the college at 46. In India, IIM Ahmedabad was graded 1st among the management schools by the NIRF 2021, further as by India today, BW Business World, and Outlook India’s “Top Public MBA institutions In India” survey.

Agency Rank
QS Global MBA Rankings (MBA-PGPX) 2022 46
QS Masters in Management Rankings (MBA) 2022 29
Financial Times Global MBA Ranking (MBA-PGPX) 2022 62
Financial Times Executive Education Rankings (Open) 2022 47
Financial Times Executive Education Rankings (Custom) 2022 50
NIRF 2021 1
Businessworld 2021 1
Business Today 2
Outlook 1

IIM Ahmedabad Courses and Fees

IIM, Ahmedabad offers various Academic and Executive Programmes. The application mode for admission is online mode.

There are mainly 6 courses which are offered by IIMA. Below is the list of the top courses which are offered in IIMA along with their details including their annual fee and eligibility and so on.

Course Eligibility Duration Fee (Annually)
PGPM
  • Candidate must have a bachelor’s degree with a minimum of 50% of marks.
  • Candidates pursuing a final-year Bachelor’s degrees or awaiting results are also eligible.
  • The candidates must have a valid CAT score to be eligible for PGP admission.
2 Years INR 10 Lacs – 10.6 Lacs
MBA
  • Candidate must have completed graduation with minimum 50% marks from a recognized University.
  • GMAT taken before February 28, 2014 is not valid
2 Years INR 20 Lacs
PGPEx
  • Candidate must have a bachelor’s degree in any discipline.
  • Minimum age required to join is 25 years.
  • Candidate must have mini. 4 years of experience with a valid GMAT/GRE score.
1 Year INR 27 Lacs
ePGP
  • Working professional and entrepreneurs with a minimum of 3 years, Full time work experience after graduation.
  • Age 24 years and above.
  • Candidate must have completed graduation with minimum 50% marks from a recognized University.
2 Years INR 20 Lakhs

There are various entrance exams, whose results are accepted by the college to get admission into one of the courses offered here.

  • For PGP- Scores of entrance Exams like CAT (domestic) and GMAT (International) are required.
  • For PGP-FABM – Scores of entrance Exams like CAT (domestic) and GMAT (International) are required.
  • For PGPX – Score of the GMAT is required.

IIM Ahmedabad Admission

IIM Ahmedabad offers totally different full-time and part-time postgraduate programs, resulting in an MBA degree. It in addition offers diploma programs. IIMA offers distinctive academic programs and has admission cycles and eligibility severally. The IIMA admission method depends on the course candidate opts for. CAT score is the basic but essential test to apply for admission in all the academic programs.

IIM Ahmedabad is one of the highest premier management institutes in India. IIM Ahmedabad offers admission in numerous courses such as

  • PGP (Post Graduate Programme) in Management
  • PGP-FABM
  • FPM (Fellow Programme in Management)
  • PGPX (Post Graduate Programme for Executives), and
  • ePGP courses.

The admission process for these courses begins at completely different stages. IIM Ahmedabad notifies a separate schedule or admission dates for these courses. Candidates aspiring for admission to IIM Ahmedabad should check the eligibility criteria of every course before filling the online application form.

How to apply?

The procedure to apply for the admission to IIM Ahmedabad is explained underneath:

  1. For PGP program
    1. There are 2 phases that a candidate has to go through prior to getting selected for IIM-Ahmedabad PGP Program.
    2. The principal stage is appearing for the CAT (or GMAT) Exam directed by the IIMs.
    3. On clearing the necessary cut-offs and the Composite Score (CS), which includes, yet isn’t restricted to, 10th, 12th and graduation marks, an applicant is called for Academic Writing Test (AWT) and Personal Interview (PI). From 2015 onwards, WAT has been supplanted by Academic Writing Test (AWT).
    4. Final Selection is done based on FCS (Final Composite Score), which considers PI, AWT, and CS determined at the previous stage.
  2. For PGP-FABM Program
    1. There are 2 phases that a competitor goes through prior to getting selected for IIM-Ahmedabad PGP-ABM Program.
    2. The competitor must appear for CAT or GMAT test.
    3. On clearing the necessary cut-offs, the candidate is shortlisted for Group Discussion (GD) and Personal Interview (PI)
  3. For PGPX Program
    1. There are 2 phases that a candidate goes through prior to getting chosen for the IIM-Ahmedabad PGPX program.
    2. The candidate must appear for the GMAT test.
    3. The score of the GMAT test, alongside the remaining of the application is screened and shortlisting is done dependent on the application alone
    4. The shortlisted candidate must submit the essays and appear for interviews.
    5. The last merit list is set up after the interviews.
  4. For ePGP Program
    1. The competitor needs to appear for either the CAT exam or the GMAT test.
    2. Shortlisted candidates based on the scores acquired in CAT/GMAT will be invited for individual Interviews.

Other updates related to admission to the institute are as follows:

  • The admission criteria are generally Merit- based and Entrance tests.
  • Apart from that, they accept applications from other placement tests like GRE, GMAT, GATE, UGC-JRF, and ICAR-SRF.

 IIM Ahmedabad Cutoff

IIM Ahmedabad has cut the minimum qualifying CAT 2022 percentile for all categories of candidates. As per IIMA Admission Policy for PGP 2022-25 batch, “In CAT-2022 there will be three sections, viz., ‘Quantitative Aptitude (QA), ‘Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning’ (DILR) and ‘Verbal and Reading Comprehension (VRC).

The candidates acquiring the following minimum cut-offs in the sectional percentile ranks, the overall percentile rank, and acquiring a positive (greater than zero) raw score in all sections of CAT 2022 will be considered for every one of the subsequent stages.

Category Percentile Rank In Verbal & Reading Comprehension Percentile Rank In Data Interpretation & Logical Reasoning Percentile Rank In Qa Overall Rank (%)
General 70 70 70 80
NC-OBC cum transgender 65 65 65 75
SC 60 60 60 70
ST 50 50 50 60
PwD (All categories except ST) 60 60 60 70
PwD(ST) 50 50 50 60

Category-wise CAT 2022 Cut-off Percentile Required by IIMA

IM Ahmedabad had issued admission offer to candidates from a different background who had scored below 90 percentile for the 2022-24 batch. The organization likewise shortlisted the top 50 students from each course out of the CAT candidates to show up for the second round of admission.

The category wise CAT cut-offs for the 2022-24 batch stayed as under:

Category Cat Percentile Cut Off
General 82
OBC 75
Scheduled Caste(SC) 71
Scheduled Tribe(ST) 61
PWD(Differently abled) 71

IIM likewise conducts its analytics writing test and personal interview (AWT and PI) in Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and New Delhi urban areas of selected candidates.

Seats in IIMA are reserved, based on government guidance.

CATEGORY RESERVED SEATS (BY PERCENTAGE)
NC-OBC 27%
SC 15%
ST 7.5%
PwD(Persons with Benchmark Disabilities) 5%
EWS(Economically Weaker Sections) 10%

IIM Ahmedabad Placements

IIM Ahmedabad placement process for 2018-20 group was directed in three bunches. Around 153 companies took part in the placement process. A maximum number of recruitment(138 offers) was done in the Consulting. Other than this, 46 offers were made in Information Technology (IT) and 43 offers in the BFSI. An aggregate of 38 new recruiters, including Colgate, DaytoDay Health, Diageo, Blackstone Group, FIITJEE, and HCL Technologies participated in the placement process.

Below table contains the major highlights of Final Placements at IIM Ahmedabad 2022

Total Companies visited 139
Number of offers made 388
New Recruiters 38
Highest Domestic Salary INR 55.88 Lakh Per Annum
Average Domestic Salary INR 26.13 Lakh Per Annum
Highest International Salary INR 1.32 Crore Per Annum
Average International Salary INR 61.76 Lakh Per Annum

The evaluated report of IIM Ahmedabad placements 2022, released by the Indian Placements Reporting Standards (IPRS) reveals that the average wage offered to the PGP/MBA stood at INR 26.13 lakh per annum. the highest salary offered remained at INR 55.88 lakh per annum, whereas the highest international salary offer remained at INR 1.32 crore per annum. the average international wage offer remained at INR 61.76 lakh per annum.

Out of an aggregate of 388 job offers, nineteen were created for abroad areas including urban communities like Dubai, Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, and Qatar. All International offers were created in Consulting, Finance, marketing and Sales, and General Management.

FEATURES DETAILS
Highest domestic salary offered INR 55.88 LPA
Average domestic salary offered INR 26.13 LPA
Highest International salary offered INR 1.32 LPA
Average International salary offered INR 61.76 LPA
Number of companies participated 153
New recruiters 38
Top recruiting companies
  • McKisey(27 offers)
  • The Boston Consulting Group(23 offers)
  • MasterCard(11 offers)
Total number of offers made 388
Total number of students who sought placement 391
Total number of students who did not seek placement 13
Top recruiting sectore Consulting
First time recruiters SAIF Partners, Russell Reynolds, Etihad Airways, OLAM, United Breweries

Placement Statistics: 2020 vs 2019 vs 2018

The placement trend at IIM Ahmedabad has seen an upward trend in terms of salary packages as well as participation from companies. Check the table below for the placement trends for the past three years.

Specifications 2020 2019 2018
Highest Domestic CTC Rs 55.88 LPA Rs 70 LPA Rs 72 LPA
Highest International CTC Rs 1.32 CPA Rs 83.51 LPA Rs 66 LPA
Average Domestic CTC Rs 26.12 LPA Rs 25.83 LPA Rs 22 LPA
Top recruiting company McKinsey (27 offers) Accenture Strategy (24 offers) Accenture Strategy (18 offers)
Total number of firms that participated 153 139 125
Total number of offers made 388 184 150
Top recruiting sector Consulting Consulting Consulting
First-time recruiters Blackstone Group, Colgate, DaytoDay Health, Diageo, FIITJEE, HCL Technologies and Strategy SAIF Partners, Russell Reynolds, Etihad Airways, OLAM, United Breweries KPMG, Grofers, Walmart, Basix, ITC Agri
Dream Applications 160 143 176

IIM Ahmedabad Scholarship

The candidates aiming to take admitted in IIM Ahmedabad must be curious to know about the IIMA Scholarship and check whether the institution offers any other form of financial assistance. The answer to this is yes. Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad offers scholarships for deserving candidates. The scholarships are for those students who belong to a financially weak background.

To acquire the benefit of the scholarship

  • It is important that the candidate fulfills all the defined criteria as referenced in the policies of the institution.
  • One such model is the yearly gross family income of the student looking for admission through scholarship.
  • Responsibility for resources of the candidates’ family is likewise an important aspect that is considered as a qualification basis for scholarships.
  • There are different types of scholarships offered in IIMA that includes:

Need-Based Scholarship Scheme(PGP)

  • For FPM
  • Industry Scholarships
  • For PGPX

Indian Institute of Management [IIMK], Kozhikode, Kerala

  The Indian Institute of Management [IIMK], Kozhikode, Kerala is a premier Business School that was founded in 1996, as the 5th IIM of the country. It holds the 6th Position among the Best Institute under the Management Category of NIRF Rankings in 2020. It has also made its debut at rank 15+ in Asia for its EMBA program as per the latest QS World University Rankings.

IIM Kozhikode Admission has started for PGP in Business Leadership for the session 2022-23. The last date to submit the application form is June 30, 2022EMAT 2023 Registration for MBA Admission will Begin on July 1, 2022. The last date to register for EMAT is September 11, 2022.

IIMK offers several PG Programs in management along with executive and research programs. It also offers PGP in Business Leadership or Finance, PGPEx, MDP, FDP and PhD in Management. The admission is done based on the EMAT exam and it also considers CAT, GMAT, GRE, UGC NET scores. A valid CAT score which is more than 85 Percentile is required for selection.

IIM Kozhikode Provides its Students and staffs opportunity for the International Exchange program with several leading Management Institutes in EU and ASEAN countries like SDA, Bacconi, Jonkoping, Sweden, Denmark, ESCAP-EAP, France, Copenhagen Business School, University of Queensland, Austria, Victoria University of Wellington among others. The Executive Post Graduate Program is accredited by AMBA. As a part of the Singh-Obama Knowledge Initiative, IIMK signed an MOU with Yale University to establish a Center of Excellence for Academic Leadership. It also offers the first distance learning program in management in Asia for working executives.

IIM Kozhikode Quick Facts

IIMK is The first institution to commence a technology-enabled and interactive online executive education program which has been running since 2001.

  • IIMK has been running the Laboratory for Innovation, Venturing and Entrepreneurship (LIVE) since 2016. It promotes innovation, new business venturing and entrepreneurship.
  • IIMK offers the first distance learning program in management in Asia for working executives.

IIM Kozhikode Rankings

  • Ranked 6th for Management Education by NIRF 2020.
  • Ranked 5th among All IIMs by NIRF 2020.
  • Ranked 7th in All India B-School Ranking 2019 by India Today.
  • Ranked in the 101+ rank criteria in the Asia Pacific Region in QS Business Masters Ranking 2021.

IIM Kozhikode Courses & Fees

IIM Kozhikode offers a two-year Post-graduate program in Management and 5 Years Doctoral programs in Various Specialization. It also offers PGP-Finance, PGP-LSM and PGP BL Courses.

COURSES DETAILS SELECTION CRITERIA
PGP
  • Specializations: Economics, Finance, Accounting and Control, Humanities and Liberal Arts in Management, Information Technology and Systems, Marketing Management, Organizational Behaviour and Human Resources, Quantitative Methods and Operations Management, Strategic Management, Area Neutral
  • Duration: 2 years
  • Eligibility: Bachelor’s degree from a recognized university with 60% marks
  • Fees: INR 19 LPA
CAT
PhD/ FPM
  • Specializations: Economics, Finance, Accounting and Control,
  • Information Systems, Quantitative Methods and Operations Management, Strategic Management, Marketing Management, Organizational Behaviour and Human Resources
  • Duration: 5 Years
  • Eligibility: Master’s Degree or PG Diploma (2 yrs) with at least 55% marks or equivalent CGPA. CA, ICWA and CS with B Com. and B Tech Degree with 6.5 CGPA.
  • Fees: INR 9.5 LPA
CAT, GMAT, GRE, UGC NET, IIMB Test scores
PGP-Finance
  • Duration: 2 Years
  • Eligibility: Graduates with min 60% marks (Relaxation of 5% for SC Candidates and ST/ PwD allowed a relaxation of 10%)
  • Fees: INR 20.5 LPA
CAT/ GRE/ GMAT
PGP-LSM
  • Duration: 2 Years
  • Eligibility: A graduate degree in any discipline with min 50% marks (5% Relaxation for SC/ ST/ PwD candidates) OR A PG degree in any discipline with at least 50% marks or (SC/ ST/ PWD candidates are allowed a relaxation of 5% )
  • Fees: INR 15 LPA
CAT/ GRE/ GMAT
EPGP
  • Duration: 2 Years
  • Eligibility: A Bachelor’s Degree in any discipline with at least 50% aggregate marks. 3 Years of managerial/ entrepreneurial/ professional experience^ after graduation as on the deadline of application.
  • Fees: INR 10 LPA
CAT/ GMAT/ GRE/ (EMAT)
PGP-BL
  • Duration: 1 Year
  • Eligibility: Graduates in any discipline with at least 50% Marks,
  • Minimum 3 years work experience after graduation (preferably not more than 7 years)
  • Fees: INR 22.5 LPA
GMAT/ GRE/ CAT

Kozhikode cutoff

All candidates who fulfil the minimum eligibility criteria Can Apply for Admission at IIMK. The following table mentions CAT Category Wise Qualifying Cutoffs for IIM Kozhikode Admission 2022:-

CATEGORY SECTION-1 VARC SECTION-2 DILR SECTION-3 QUANT OVERALL
General 75 75 75 85
NC-OBC/ EWS 65 65 65 75
SC 55 55 55 65
ST/ PWD 45 45 45 55

IIM Kozhikode placements

  • IIM Kozhikode has a 100% placement record for the Last Batch.
  • 131 Companies Visited Campus for Placement Drive, a 22.4% increase as compared to last year.
  • The Placement Drive has a 12% and 12.4 % increase in the mean and median salary Respectively from last year.
  • The mean salary offered to Students is INR 23.08 LPA while the median is INR 20.8 LPA.
  • The top 50% of students have an average CTC of 26.69 LPA, which is a 12.5% increase from last year.
  • Top Recruiters include Cisco, Citrix, JDA, Microsoft, Myntra, VMware and Wipro, Amazon, Flipkart, Ninjacart, Uber, ABFRL, Asian Paints, Bajaj Auto, GE Healthcare, HUL, Lenovo, Maruti, Philips, Pidilite, Samsung, Sony Pictures, TATA Sky etc.

IIM Kozhikode Scholarships

IIMK provides Scholarships to deserving and meritorious students. Following are the scholarships available at IIMK for Deserving Students:

NAME OF THE SCHOLARSHIP WHO CAN AVAIL
OP Jindal Scholarship (OPJEMS) This Scholarship is awarded by OP Jindal Group. INR 1.50 Lacs is Awarded to One student of each academic year. Also, the top 10 students of the first year are eligible to apply
Aditya Birla Scholarship This Scholarship is awarded By Aditya Birla Group and INR 1.75 Lacs (per student) is Awarded to Top 25% of students of the 1st year PGP program.
IIMK Merit Scholarship This Scholarship is Awarded by IIMK to Top 5% of second-year students
Merit-cum-Means Scholarship This Scholarship is awarded by the Government of India to those Students whose parental income is less than INR 2 Lacs (as per the previous financial year)
Charpak Scholarship The scholarship is given based on academic excellence for students going on exchange programs. The scholarship amount of Around INR 50,000 Per Month is provided to Students.

How to avail?

Application forms for the scholarships are available at the IIMK administration office. Students must apply before time for these Scholarships and Should keep a Check on Notices Published by the Institute

World NO TOBACCO DAY

World NO TOBACCO DAY is observed every year on 31st May.

Every year, the World Health Organization honors governments, organizations and individuals for their efforts and contributions to curbing tobacco use.

This day raises awareness about the damage caused by consuming tobacco. Consuming tobacco kills over 80 lakh people across the world every year. Besides the human cost, consuming tobacco also causes the environment to degrade. 

The WHO member countries agreed to observe World No-Tobacco Day on May 31 in 1987. Since then, this day is marked each year with a relevant theme.

 In 1987, the WHO’s World Health Assembly passed Resolution WHA40. 38, calling for 7 April 1988 to be “a world no-smoking day”. The objective of the day was to urge tobacco users worldwide to abstain from using tobacco products for 24 hours, an action they hoped would provide assistance for those trying to quit.

Theme for year 2022 is…………….“Protect The Environment”.

As per WHO, “The harmful impact of the tobacco industry on the environment is vast and growing adding unnecessary pressure to our planet’s already scarce resources and fragile ecosystems.”

Tobacco consumption is one of the factors that are believed to adversely impact the efforts to achieve the UN–adopted sustainable development agenda by 2030, which aims to reduce tobacco-related deaths by one-third by that time.

Tobacco consumption can lead to lung cancer, which mostly hits those with a substantial cigarette smoking history. Around 80-90% of people are diagnosed with lung cancer have a history of tobacco smoking. Tobacco is the leading cause of death for men and the second leading cause when both men and women are included.

World No Tobacco Day – Key messages

  • Tobacco harms the environment
  • Make the tobacco industry clean the mess.
  • Quit tobacco to save our planet.
  • Help tobacco farmers switch to sustainable farming.

The Mughal Empire

Back in 8th century, The Umayyad Caliphate had conquered Sindh, which we call the present day Pakistan. However, India was too distant to control and subsequent Caliphs were unable to exercise control over it and expand further.

Then in 11th century Mohammad of Ghazni invaded India and established a permenant Turkic regime there after taking Lahore in 1030. After the collapse of his empire, various dynasties ruled northern India and the dynasty is called Delhi Sultanate. although, no one was very successful for a very long time.

the last of this dynasty was the Lodhi dynasty. However in 1526, a Timurid prince named Zahir-ud-din-Muhammad Babur was left with nothing to loose and no options left in the central Asia, decided to invade India. Babur was the fifth generation descendant of Tamerlane and the 13th generation descendent of Genghis khan. Like many other Timurid princess, he claimed the entirety of Timur’s Empire. however he was barely able to control/ rule Fergana valley. he was pushed South from there by the rise of Uzbeks until he established his seat of power in Kabul. With the Safavids to the west and Uzbeks to the north he had nowhere to go but east. and that east is nothing but India.

In 1526, he faced the ruling Lodi Dynasty at Panipat. He defeated them over the 4years and he conquered almost all of Northern India after facing other local Hindu and Muslim rulers.

The dynasty he founded came to be known as the Mughals which is the Persian word for Mongol. Although, the dynasty itself held strong ties to timur and called themselves the Gurkani Dynasty. Babur died in 1530 at the age of 46years.

That’s when Humayun came into picture who is the son of Babur.

Humayun was not a very capable leader and on top of that he indulged a little too much in wine and opium. His incapableness led to invasion of many surrounding rulers. One Afghan noble named Sher Shah Suri- he over threw Humayun in 1539. Later Sher Shah Suri died in a battle in 1545 and his empire was divided up.

Humayun asked Safavids for help and started conquering the divided empire. By 1555, both Delhi and Lahore were under his control. But, unfortunately he died by falling from stairs in 1556.

Jalal-ud=din Muhammad Akbar a mere 12 year old was installed as the next ruler of Mughal Empire. Regents ruled and stabilized the empire on the young Shahan shah’s behalf for the very first five years of his reign. By 1551 he was ready to take charge.

He expanded the empire further by conquering Gujarat, Bihar and parts of Bengal. However at this point, the Mughals had a bit of legitimacy problem. They were a foreign Muslim Dynasty ruling over a realm where less than 5% of the population who followed the same faith as them.

Babur and Humayun were the followers of Sufi Islam and that was continued the same by Akbar. Although, over the years, he began a struggle to reconcile Islam and the various Indian religions, He invited scholars of various religions to have a open discussion in the Ibadat- khana. He also invited Jesuits from the portuguese enclave at Goa.

He was also the one who translated Mahabharata into persian, so his people could read it and understand Hinduism a bit better.

The Mughals designed a system of Bureaucracy called the Mansabdari system which was reformed by Akbar. Akbar was described as the Greatest Mughal ruler out of many. In fact Akbar means ” THEGREAT” and was a title given to him. He died in 1605

Jahangir-heir of Akbar took the throne. He tried to expand the empire but it had pretty much reached its limits.

The other rulers include Shah Jahan, Aurangazeb and this will be explained in another post.

UPSC ANNOUNCES 2021 FINAL RESULTS- Check the list of top 10 toppers this year

UPSC announces the final results of the exam on 30 May 2022 in its official website https://www.upsc.gov.in/ . 685 candidates have qualified in UPSC CSE 2021. Candidates who passed this year. Of these 244 candidates were from General Category, 73 were from Economic Backward Classes, 203 were from OBC [ Other Backward Classes ], 105 were from SC, and 60 were from ST.

This time 3 All India Ranks were occupied by girls. Shruti Sharma secured AIR [ All India Rank ]1 this year. Along with her, Ankita Agrawal secured AIR 2 and Gamini Singla secured AIR 3. Shruti Sharma belongs to Bijnor city of UP, Ankita Agrawal belongs to Kolkata, West Bengal and Gamini Singla belongs to Anandpur Sahib city of Punjab. Candidates should note that the marks will be available on the website within 15 days from the date of declaration of result.

“I was hoping that i would clear the UPSC examination but I was not expecting to Top,” Shruti shared with reports.

“Congratulations to all those who have cleared the Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2021. My best wishes to these youngsters who are embarking on their administrative careers at an important time of India’s development journey, when we are marking Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav.” wrote PM Modi on Twitter [https://twitter.com/narendramodi].

The examination is conducted annually in three stages – prelims, main and interview (personality test) – to select officers for Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS), Indian Police Service (IPS) and other posts.

Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2021 result was announced on March 17. Those who cleared the main examination were called for the interview round (personality test). The personality test was held from April 5 to May 26, 2022.

UPSC CSE final result is based on candidates’ performance in mains and interview rounds. Results of 80 candidates are provisional and that of one is kept withheld.

TOP 10 TOPPERS’S LIST 2021

  1. Shruti Sharma
  2. Ankita Agrawal
  3. Gamini Singha
  4. Aishwarya Verma
  5. Utkarsh Dwivedi
  6. Yaksh Chawdhary
  7. Samyak . S . Jain
  8. Ishita Rathi
  9. Pritam Kumar
  10. Harkirat Singh Randhawa

Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the father of Modern India’s Renaissance and a tireless social reformer who inaugurated the age of enlightenment and liberal reformist modernisation in India.

Life:

  • Raja Ram Mohan Roy was born on 22nd May 1772 in Bengal. His early education included the study of Persian and Arabic at Patna where he read the Quran, the works of Sufi mystic poets and the Arabic translation of the works of Plato and Aristotle.
  • From 1803 to 1814, he worked for East India Company as the personal diwan first of Woodforde and then of Digby.
  • In 1814, he resigned from his job and moved to Calcutta in order to devote his life to religious, social and political reforms.
  • In November 1830, he sailed for England to be present there to counteract the possible nullification of the Act banning Sati.
  • Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of ‘Raja’ by the titular Mughal Emperor of Delhi, Akbar II whose grievances the former was to present before the British king.
  • In his address, entitled ‘Inaugurator of the Modern Age in India,’ Tagore referred to Ram Mohan as ‘a luminous star in the firmament of Indian history’.

Ideology:

  • Ram Mohan Roy was greatly influenced by western modern thought and stressed on rationalism and modern scientific approach.
  • He believed that religious orthodoxies have become causes of injury and detrimental to social life and sources of trouble and bewilderment to the people, instead of tending to the amelioration of the condition of society.
  • He believed in social equality of all human beings and thus was a strong opposer of the caste system.
  • Ram Mohan was attracted to Islamic monotheism. He said that monotheism is also the fundamental message of Vedanta.
  • His idea of a single, unitarian god was a corrective to the polytheism of orthodox Hinduism and to Christian trinitarianism. He believed that monotheism supported one universal model for humanity.
  • Raja Ram Mohan Roy believed that unless women were freed from unhuman forms of oppression like illiteracy, child marriage, sati, purdah, Hindu society can not progress.
  • He characterised sati as the violation of every humane and social feeling and as symptomatic of the moral debasement of a race.

Contributions

Religious reforms:

  • Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s first published work Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhiddin (a gift to deists) published in 1803 exposed irrational religious beliefs and corrupt practices of the Hindus as the belief in revelations, prophets, miracles etc.
  • In 1814, he founded Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta to campaign against idolatry, caste rigidities, meaningless rituals and other social ills.
  • He criticized the ritualism of Christianity and rejected Christ as the incarnation of God. In Precepts of Jesus (1820), he tried to separate the moral and philosophical message of the New Testament, which he praised, from its miracle stories.

Social reforms:

  • Raja Ram Mohan Roy conceived reformist religious associations as instruments of social and political transformation.
    • He founded the Atmiya Sabha in 1815, the Calcutta Unitarian Association in 1821, and the Brahmo Sabha in 1828 which later became the Brahmo Samaj.
    • He campaigned against the caste system, untouchability, superstitions and use of intoxicants.
    • He was well known for his pioneering thought and action on the emancipation of women and especially on the abolition of sati and widow remarriage.
    • He attacked child marriage, illiteracy of women and the degraded state of widows and demanded the right of inheritance and property for women.

Educational reforms:

  • He supported David Hare’s efforts to the Hindu College in 1817, while Roy’s English school taught mechanics and Voltaire’s philosophy.
  • In 1825, he established Vedanta college where courses in both Indian learning and Western social and physical sciences were offered.

Economic and Political Reforms:

  • Civil liberties: Roy was impressed and admired the British system of constitutional government for the civil liberties it gave to the people. He wanted to extend the benefits of that system of government to Indian people.

Press freedom: 

Through his writings and activities, he supported the movement for free press in India. When press censorship was relaxed by Lord Hastings in 1819, Ram Mohan found three journals- The Brahmanical Magazine (1821); The Bengali weekly, Samvad Kaumudi (1821); and the Persian weekly, Mirat-ul-Akbar.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF BAIL

Bail, in law, means procurement of release from prison of a person awaiting trial or an appeal by the deposit of security to ensure his submission at the required time to legal authority. The monetary value of the security, known also as the bail, or, more accurately, the bail bond, is set by the court having jurisdiction over the prisoner. The security may be cash, the papers giving title to property, or the bond of private persons of means or of a professional bondsman or bonding company. Failure of the person released on bail to surrender himself/herself at the appointed time results in forfeiture of the security. Courts have greater discretion to grant or deny bail in the case of persons under criminal arrest. 

KINDS OF BAIL

1. Bail for Bailable Offence 

According to Criminal Procedure Code, if the offence alleged is bailable, then the accused is entitled for bail as a matter of rights either before the police or when presented before the Magistrate Court. In bailable offences bail is a right and not a favour. In such offences there is no question of any discretion in granting bail.

 2. Bail for Non-bailable Offence 

Criminal Procedure Code empowers two authorities to consider the question of bail, namely (1) a court and (2) an officer-in-charge of the police station who has arrested or detained without warrant a person accused or suspected of the commission of a non bailable offence.

Before exercising his power, a station officer should satisfy himself that release on bail of such accused would not prejudice the prosecution or affect investigation in any manner. In case of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, station police officer cannot release a person on bail, if there appears reasonable grounds for believing that he has been guilty of such offence. If it appears to the Court that that there are not reasonable grounds for believing that the accused has committed a non-bailable offence, but that there are sufficient grounds for further inquiry into his guilt, then the accused (pending enquiry) can be released on bail. 

3. Anticipatory Bail 

Anticipatory Bail granted to a person in anticipation and apprehending arrest. It may be granted under a few circumstances: 

1. A special case is made out that would suggest that there are ample grounds to assume that the applicant may be detained for unreasonable grounds. 

2. The allegations were made with a false intent or to cause the claimant to be injured/humiliated and arrested. 

3. The arguments against the claimant are ambiguous or generic. 

4. The name of the accused is not mentioned in the FIR. 

5. The applicant satisfies the Court that he is from a respectable family, has deep roots in society, and is not likely to abscond from or avoid the Court’s proceedings or to hinder the investigation in any way.

4. Mandatory Bail or Statutory Bail 

Under Section 167, magistrate can either allow for police custody or judicial custody for a period of 15 days. However, the accused can also be sent to judicial custody for a period of 90 days or 60 days.

Section 167(2) further provides that if at the end of the period (60 or 90 days) of judicial custody, if the investigation is not completed by the police, the court shall release the person “if he fulfill bail conditions”.

Thus, a magistrate according to law or a statute (section 167 of CRPC) cannot authorise a person’s judicial remand beyond the 60-or 90-day limit. 

Education – passionate studies |5 simple ways

Education is an essential thing in our daily life. According to the growth of society, education must be provided to every citizen. The new world is mysterious, all things that exist had to be known to every people education ensures that. So whatever we want to be we should know about that.

Findings of great peoples, Technological know-how, awareness of the environment, History, etc are the main components of education. An educated person must show good character they were intelligent and efficient. They can build up our economy in a good manner

Nowadays students are struggling with exam results. They were worried about the marks they got. Parents also wanted marks from children. However, studying with understanding makes a perfect education. There are a few tips for good studies.

1. Awareness Of The Chapters

The student must have a correct idea of the chapters including the basic needs. It will increase our energy to study new things.

2. Making The Day For Studies

Mornings are a good time for making good decisions they may whisper through our ears for an entire day. Put a goal for the day in the mornings and we will begin to work toward that.

3. Visualization

When we were teaching or studying, try to imagine the concepts as well it will lead to an incredible memory of the topics.

4. Setting Our Mind

Setting our minds before studies is the best way to attain knowledge. When we think that we are free from anything, nothing can disturb us from our goals. Set our minds to study and make differences

5. Concluding Sentences

When we are willing to study a paragraph, make the important keywords from that. It will help you to study shortly and easily .