⭕Interpersonal Communication ⭕

Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people.It is also an area of research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and nonverbal cues to accomplish a number of personal and relational goals..2021Interpersonal communication research addresses at least six categories of inquiry:

1) how humans adjust and adapt their verbal communication and nonverbal communication during face-to-face communication;

2) how messages are produced;

3) how uncertainty influences behavior and information-management strategies;

4) deceptive communication;

5) relational dialectics; and

6) social interactions that are mediated by technology.

A large number of scholars have described their work as research into interpersonal communication. There is considerable variety in how this area of study is conceptually and operationally defined.Researchers in interpersonal communication come from many different research paradigms and theoretical traditions, adding to the complexity of the field.Interpersonal communication is often defined as communication that takes place between people who are interdependent and have some knowledge of each other: for example, communication between a son and his father, an employer and an employee, two sisters, a teacher and a student, two lovers, two friends, and so on.Although interpersonal communication is most often between pairs of individuals, it can also be extended to include small intimate groups such as the family. Interpersonal communication can take place in face-to-face settings, as well as through platforms such as social media.The study of interpersonal communication addresses a variety of elements and uses both quantitative/social scientific methods and qualitative methods.There is growing interest in biological and physiological perspectives on interpersonal communication. Some of the concepts explored are personality, knowledge structures and social interaction, language, nonverbal signals, emotional experience and expression, supportive communication, social networks and the life of relationships, influence, conflict, computer-mediated communication, interpersonal skills, interpersonal communication in the workplace, intercultural perspectives on interpersonal communication, escalation and de-escalation of romantic or platonic relationships, interpersonal communication and healthcare, family relationships, and communication across the life span.

What Are the 4 Types of Interpersonal Communication and Interpersonal Skills?

When it comes to basic elements of interpersonal communication, the various types of possible communication will cluster under four basic categories: verbal, listening, written, and non-verbal communication

.1. Verbal 

Whenever you talk or even make an audible sound (like “hmm” of “Ahh!” for example), you’re creating verbal communication. Beyond the content of what you’re saying and the context in which it’s being said, verbal communication also includes additional auditory factors like intonation. This refers to how your voice rises and falls in tone as you speak and can shade how the words are meant to be interpreted. For example, the phrase “Have a nice day” can take on a number of different meanings when you imagine it said in a friendly way, sarcastically, or even ominously. 

 2. Listening 

Chances are that some point in your life you’ve been accused of “hearing but not listening” to what someone was saying to you. The distinction between the two concepts might have seemed nuanced at first until the message became clear: hearing is involuntary and effortless whereas listening is focused and intentional. Hearing is an automatic response that is the result of having working ears. Listening takes more effort. It’s purposeful and requires concentration to understand what the speaker is sharing.

3Written Communication 

When information that is complex or lengthy needs to be shared, it’s usually conveyed through written communication. To that end, written communication is often considered more legally valid than spoken words are. That’s why it often serves as an “official” mode of communication. Written communication can also include emoji, which can help convey more emotional information and context that can be hard to deduce from the words themselves. 

When you convey a message via written symbols, you’re practicing written communication. From emails and text messages to more formal memoranda and reports, written communication is the cornerstone of most information sharing in business. 

. Non-Verbal Communication

 Getting meaning across without using words either written or spoken is the essence of non-verbal communication. This can be achieved through everything from facial expressions, to specific gestures (“jazz hands,” anyone?) to body language and certain postures. To get a sense of how much can be communicated through non+verbal communication, consider that mimes are able to tell entire stories without uttering a word. Moreover, non-verbal communication often complements spoken communication. Gestures like ‘air quotes” or shoulder shrugging add additional if not entirely different meanings to what’s being said. 

Personality Development

Personality is something that people tend to think a lot about. When we meet new people, whether through work, school, or social events, it is often their personality on which we immediately focus. Whether they are nice, helpful, outgoing, or shy are just a few of the things that we assess as we evaluate the people around us.

What Is Personality Development?

It is our personality that makes us who we are, but how exactly do our personalities form? Personality development has been a major topic of interest for some of the most prominent thinkers in psychology. Since the inception of psychology as a separate science, researchers have proposed a variety of ideas to explain how and why personality develops.

Personality development refers to how the organized patterns of behavior that make up each person’s unique personality emerge over time. Many factors go into influencing personality, including genetics, environment, parenting, and societal variables. Perhaps most importantly, it is the ongoing interaction of all of these influences that continue to shape personality over time.

Personality involves not only inborn traits but also the development of cognitive and behavioral patterns that influence how people think and act. Temperament is a key part of the personality that is determined by inherited traits.

Character is an aspect of personality influenced by experience that continues to grow and change throughout life. While personality continues to evolve over time and respond to the influences and experiences of life, much of personality is determined by inborn traits and early childhood experiences.

⭕⭕HOW TO DEVELOP PERSONALITY?⭕⭕

1️⃣Evaluating Yourself

2️⃣Focusing on Positive Personality Traits

3️⃣Avoid Negative Personality Traits

4️⃣Speak Up More

5️⃣Believing in yourself

There are three main influences on personality development that we are going to look at in this lesson. Those are heredity, environment, and situation.

Empathy, compassion, and helping others: People with a strong personality believe that they are free and do not owe people around them any favours, and in return they respect the fact that others do not owe them. Preferring being alone and silence over mingling with those who do not understand them.

Here I have got some simple yet crucial tips over how you can acquire a well-meaning personality.

⭕Know yourself. …

⭕Bring positivity in your outlook. …

⭕ Have an opinion. ..

⭕. Meet new people.

⭕ … Read more often and develop new interests.

⭕… Be a good listener. .

⭕.. Be courteous. .

⭕.. Work on your Body Language

Reflexology

What Is Reflexology?

Reflexology is a type of therapy that uses gentle pressure on specific points along your feet (and possibly on your hands or ears as well) to help you feel better. The theory is that this eases stress, and that helps your body work better. It’s also known as zone therapy.

The way reflexology connects spots on the outside of your body to the inside is a bit like acupuncture and acupressure. But those therapies use points all over your body, not just on your feet, hands, and ears. And while reflexologists do use their hands, it isn’t a form of massage.

Like those other therapies, though, reflexology is complementary to medical treatments. It can be done alongside traditional care, but it’s not an alternative to it, and reflexologists don’t diagnose or treat illnesses.

Different types of reflexology

There are many types of reflexology. The common types of reflexology are:

  • Standard Reflexology
  • Zone Therapy – developed by Eunice Ingham in the 1930’s
  • Vertical Reflex Therapy (VRT)
  • The Reflex Meridian Therapy
  • 5 Elements Reflexology
  • The Morell Technique

Reflexology Benefits

Reflexology may help you feel less stressed, more relaxed, and more energized. But the benefits might go deeper if you have certain health issues.

Some people with medical conditions find that they feel less pain and discomfort if they have less stress, and reflexology may help with that. Researchers reviewed 17 studies of the psychological benefits of the therapy and found that it boosted feelings of well-being and made it easier for people to manage their conditions.

More research is needed to see if reflexology can have a direct effect on specific conditions, but based on what we know so far, it may ease:

  • Anxiety among people who’ve had heart surgery.
  • Pain during labour.
  • Arthritis pain.
  • Some symptoms of multiple sclerosis, like fatigue, and uncomfortable skin sensations.
  • Emotional and physical pain caused by cancer.
  • back pain and muscle strain
  • sports injuries
  • stress
  • anxiety and depression
  • sleep and eating disorders
  • poor circulation
  • irritable bowel syndrome
  • migraine or sinus problems
  • pre-menstrual tension
  • symptoms of the menopause
  • breathing difficulties such as asthma
  • balancing the central nervouse system 

It may also

  • Improve sinus issues.
  • Relieve back pain.
  • Ease constipation.

How Does Reflexology Work?

There are different theories about the exact way that reflexology works, but the main concept of all is that different areas of the feet are linked to specific body parts, and that putting pressure on one area of the foot can have an effect on the organ that it corresponds with.

According to zone theory, a foot is divided into five zones that run from toe to heel: The big toe is zone 1, and the pinky toe is zone 5. The body is divided into 10 zones that run from head to foot. Zone 1 aligns with the left and right center of the body, and zone 5 aligns with the left and right sides of the body. When you place pressure on zone 1 in the foot, it can relieve pain in the part of the body that’s linked to that area.

A theory that dates back to the 19th century suggests that reflexology works by stimulating the nervous system. Pressing on areas of the feet in a calming way stimulates the nerves there, which sends a message to the central nervous system. This helps to relax the body and has positive effects on your breathing, blood flow, immune response, and more.

Another theory suggests that reflexology helps offset the way that your brain registers pain. When your feet are massaged, the relaxing sensations may help relieve stress and improve your mood, which may make you less inclined to perceive pain as deeply.

Still another theory suggests that your body contains “vital energy” that is affected by stress. If you don’t work to relieve the stress, your body may not work as well as it should, which may lead to aches or illness. Reflexology is thought to help you maintain the flow of vital energy through your body.

When You Should Avoid Reflexology

Most people, even those in the hospital, can benefit from reflexology. A study on women with advanced breast cancer found it was safe even for people who are very ill.

But you shouldn’t have reflexology if you’re recovering from an injured foot or have gout. Because it may affect blood flow, it’s not for people with blood clots or women who are pregnant.

If you have a chronic condition, a disease that affects your feet or legs, or arthritis in your feet or ankles, ask your doctor first. If your feet are off-limits, you may still be able to have reflexology on your hands or ears.

If you have recently had an operation or surgery, if you have had any injuries that might affect your treatment – such as a recently healed broken ankle avoid reflexology.

Every Breath by Nicholas Sparks

The master of romance Nicholas Sparks returned with another novel titled Every Breath in 2018 after a break of two years. Every Breath is Sparks’ 21st novel. It is a touching story of Tru and Hope who are undergoing their own issues in life. They have a chance meeting at Sunset Beach, North Carolina and fall in love under hopeless circumstances but, fate has something else in store for them.


Tru Walls is a 42-year-old safari guide from Zimbabwe; Hope is a 36-year-old emergency room nurse from North Carolina. Tru travels from Zimbabwe to Sunset Beach, North Carolina for the first time in his life to discover his late mother’s early years, after he received a letter from a man who claims to be his biological father. While Hope Anderson is going through a personal crisis—she has been dating her boyfriend for six years with no wedding plans yet, and recently her father was diagnosed with ALS—and decides to take a break and to make some important decisions of her life at her family’s cottage at Sunset Beach, North Carolina. Their paths cross during a chance encounter on the beach, and there is an instant connection between Tru and Hope which changes their lives forever. But, Hope is divided between her feelings for her boyfriend of six years and Tru, whom she falls in love with.

What’s interesting to note is that though Tru and Hope are fictional characters, the story is inspired from a real-life mailbox ‘Kindred Spirit’ which is located on a secluded part of Sunset Beach in North Carolina, where people have left their love-letters for many years for others to read and share. Sparks also reveals on his website that Tru’s character is inspired from his recent trip to Africa, as he writes, “I then came up with the character of Tru when I was travelling in Africa. I was so impressed with the welcoming people, the exotic landscape, and the natural beauty and wildlife that I wanted to find a way to include a character from Zimbabwe into one of my books.”
Spread across many years and continents, Every Breath is a bittersweet contemporary story of love at first-sight, circumstances and destiny which will warm your heart.

How critics view the book:

USA Today writes in a review, “What makes “Every Breath” rise above mere pleasurable manipulation is its unpredictability and strong character development, especially with Tru.”

Sara Lawrence for the Dailymail.co.uk writes in an article, “The tussle between Hope’s head and heart is deeply moving and I was captivated.”

Horace as a Critic

Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65 BCE–8 BCE ), more commonly known as Horace, was a Roman poet, best known for his satires and his lyric odes.

His letters in verse, particularly his Ars Poetica: Epistle to the Pisos, outline his beliefs about the art and craft of poetry. His main contribution to the traditions of literary theory we are exploring lie in his articulation of the purpose of poetry, or literature in general: it is dulce et utile, sweet and useful.

Horace insists that literature serves the didactic purpose which had been Plato’s main concern, and that it provides pleasure; the two goals are not incompatible, as Plato had feared. Poetry is a useful teaching tool, Horace argues, precisely because it is pleasurable. The pleasure of poetry makes it popular and accessible, and its lessons thus can be widely learned. Like Plato, Horace sees nature as the primary source for poetry, but he argues that poets should imitate other authors as well as imitating nature. Horace thus establishes the importance of a poet knowing a literary tradition, and respecting inherited forms and conventions, as well as creating new works.

Except for a few late Roman and early medieval writers who contributed to the discussion of theories about literature, such as Plotinus (204–70), Boethius (480–524), St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–74), and Dante Alighieri (1265–1321), the writings of Plato, Aristotle, and Horace pretty much defined the parameters of thought about literature from the ancient world until the Renaissance.

The explosion of art, literature, and science which we think of as the hallmark of the European Renaissance in the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries prompted not only a deluge of literary texts, including the works of such luminaries as Shakespeare, but also a torrent of writings about the purpose, form, and importance of literature. The Renaissance discourse on literary theory was stimulated at least in part by the rediscovery of Aristotle’s Poetics, a text which had been lost to Western culture during the Dark Ages.

How to sleep better

Can’t figure out how to sleep better? Below are the best techniques for getting better sleep, from sleep experts and neurologists.

1. Keep Clocks Out of Your Bedroom

What’s the biggest change you can make to get more sleep? Don’t look at the clock during sleeping hours, says sleep expert Terry Cralle. Without a clock, the “chore” of falling asleep goes away. You won’t start doing math in your head and worrying about how little sleep you’re getting. If your room is dark and cool and you’re “in the dark” about how much sleep you’ve missed, you’ll most often fall back to sleep soon.

2. Follow a Sleep Schedule

One of the biggest reasons we don’t sleep is that we don’t respect it. “People say they only have time for 4–5 hours a night,” says Cralle. “But that can be dangerous, with studies showing metabolic changes after just a few nights of short sleeping.”

Wondering, “When should I wake up?” Or, “What time should I go to bed?” Try to go to bed as close to the first full darkness as you can, and rise with the sun. Going to sleep at 9pm, 10pm, or 11pm matters less than keeping the same sleep schedule every night.

Is 6 hours of sleep enough?

Getting 6 hours of sleep a night will sap your focus, moods, health, and well-being. Always get 7–9 hours of in-the-bed sleep time, even if you’re awake for some of it. Even if you feel fine after six hours of sleep, your effectiveness suffers.

3. Get More Daylight

Numerous studies show getting more natural light is one of the top techniques for how to sleep better. Yet we’ve got ever brighter screens in laptops and phones. Those screens—and our brightly-lit homes—are sending silent messages to our brains that say, “It’s morning! Go to sleep 12 hours from now.” Trying to override those messages can be like eating a 32-ounce porterhouse steak right after Thanksgiving dinner. Your body will say, “Nope.”

The upside? One-third of US employees work from home at least sometime during the week. That gives us a tremendous opportunity to work on a porch, park bench or in an outdoor cafe. In winter, sit near a window for a few hours in the morning.

4. Have a Coffee Cutoff Time

Tired of being tired? Try switching to decaf after 2pm. Studies show that even drinking coffee 6 hours before bedtime can rob your sleep time.

5. Try Audiobooks

Listening to an audiobook can help you sleep. Turn the volume down and set the playback to its slowest speed. Then set a timer so it shuts off in an hour. Most phones can set a “stop playback” alarm. Here’s how on iPhone and Android.

6. Distraction Techniques

When your mind has a tricky “job to do,” it stays alert. “Some people fall asleep better with a distraction,” says Cralle. So, here are a few tips for how to sleep better with distractions:

The Navy SEAL Technique

Why is sleep important for Navy SEALs? Imagine trying to sleep in the rain, cold, or in a fire zone, when your life depends on being rested. Thankfully, these hardened warriors have a trick that helps them drift off in two minutes.

How to fall asleep:

  1. Sit on the edge of your bed.
  2. Relax the muscles of your face, jaw, tongue, and eyes.
  3. Let your shoulders and arm muscles go slack.
  4. Breathe out. Relax your chest, then thighs, calves, feet, and toes.
  5. Clear your mind for 10 seconds.
  6. Picture one of these three images:
    1. You’re lying in a pit room in a black velvet hammock.
    2. You’re in a canoe on a calm lake with blue sky above.
    3. You repeat the words “don’t think,” for 10 seconds.

The 2-minute Navy SEAL sleep technique works for 96% of sleepers. The downside? It can take six weeks of practice.

Popular myths!

Set Learning Styles

There’s no research to support learning styles. 
How to learn: Match your content to the process – students should learn music by listening to music, while students should learn reading by doing more reading.

Rereading Material

How to learn: Instead of rereading, highlighting, or underlining important information, ask yourself:

  • What is the author trying to say?’ 
  • How is this different from other things I’ve read?’ 
  • How does this relate to other material I know?’ 
Focusing On One Subject At A Time

When it comes to learning a difficult subject, people often believe you should practice one thing at a time.
How to learn: Mixing it up, however, is a better approach. In mixed learning, you get a chance to see the core idea below it.

Sticking With The First Answer

In school, many of us were taught that if you put an answer on a test you shouldn’t change it, but we’re better off reconsidering. We need time to deliberate and reflect to understand something.
How to learn: While facts are important, how you use them is key. To solve new problems and come up with ideas, you need analogies and systems of how things relate to each other.

More Time For Learning

Putting in a lot of hours doesn’t always mean you’ll become good at something. People tend to be blissfully unaware of their incompetence.
How to learn: What works instead isn’t just time; it’s outside advice and input. That’s why hiring coaches and tutors are so beneficial to learning.

Reference

https://www.fastcompany.com/40420472/five-popular-myths-about-learning-that-are-completely-wrong

TEENS AND THEIR SLEEP CYCLE

Ever wondered why even after a busy day you couldn’t sleep at night ?

Most of todays generation is found awake for late nights, sleepless.This is because their brains naturally work on late schedules.This change takes place because the teen brains create the sleep hormone melatonin later at night than kids and adults do.

Among the teenagers, the body’s internal sleep cycle is reset to fall asleep later at night and wake up later in the morning. The sleep wake cycle is so crucial that it affects the regular activities of a person.There are several other reasons why teens lose sleep though. Considering the pandemic, the world functions on several devices which release blue light and delays the release of melatonin making It even harder to sleep.

Reasons of having Insomnia :

  • Feeling uncomfortable or sick due to a stuffy nose or headache or so on
  • Uncomfortable sleeping environment
  • Emotional trouble
  • Stress or Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Poor Sleeping habits
  • Lack of friends
  • Not speaking their thoughts out

How to improve ones sleep cycle:

To get at least 8 hours of sleep is very important among the teenagers for their regular mental and physical activities to be executed at their best capacity. Therefore, one should start picking up some habits and practice them regularly.

Here are some tips:

1.Electronics: It is advised to keep the electronic devices away from you while you sleep and stop with the homework or turn off all screens one hour before you go to bed.

2.Bed Time routine: Try practicing a relaxing bed time routine like a warm bath or shower or reading or listening to music

3.Caffeine: Avoid caffeine in the late afternoon hours or evening hours. It leads to absolute withdrawing of sleep.

4.Exercise: Practice regular exercise during the day but not anytime close to the sleeping hours. It makes your mind feel relaxed and also offers good practice in life.

Also avoid taking long naps during the day. Even on a tiring day a short nap not more than one hour should be taken. It is better to keep the bedroom dark, quite and cool.

Therefore, the teens today should adopt different methods to improve their sleep cycle which otherwise leads to many health ailments and also makes it difficult for them to complete their regular activities at the best of their capacity.

How to review your year?

Reviewing Your Year

It is a healthy activity to reflect on the time gone by, objectively, before making plans for the year ahead. However, most of us are moving towards one of the two extremes:

  • Self-ridicule or lamenting the stuff we didn’t do or did wrong.
  • Self-congratulation of patting oneself on the back for all the great stuff we did, while ignoring the mistakes.
Reviewing The Year: Achievement And Effort

While reflecting on the past, we normally look at our achievements and appreciate what we have been successful at.
Despite our best efforts, we sometimes do not get success due to other factors like luck, timing etc. The right approach is to learn from the experiences and to appreciate one’s effort.
Example: Going for various interviews that didn’t go well wasted a lot of our time, energy, effort and resources, but we still have to appreciate our effort and what all we learned from the rejections.

Reviewing The Year: Self-Change

If we learned and changed during the past year/decade, we are on the path towards growth, even though it may not be visible or tangible as of now.
Personal growth means your experiments are paying results. The troubling thing would be to remain completely unchanged, as stagnancy is a cause for concern.

Reviewing The Year: The Boss-Like Evaluation

It’s a great idea to have an objective assessment for one’s achievements and efforts, reviewing them like a supportive boss would do while providing an appraisal.
To maintain an ideal balance, give yourself constructive feedback (25 per cent) and appreciate the hard work and achieved goals (75 per cent).

“Follow effective action with quiet reflection. From the quiet reflection will come even more effective action.” – Peter Drucker

Reviewing The Year: Understand What Worked

Sometimes the reason for your success is the failure you endured. The good night’s sleep that helped you shine the next day for the interview, is an important aspect of success.
Most of the time it is our self-care and other unidentified reasons that become a cause for our eventual success, and one needs to think holistically while reflecting to find the hidden reasons.

reference

https://www.forbes.com/sites/sophiamatveeva/2019/12/24/how-to-review-your-year/?sh=28c36ae4140a

How to rebuild your confidence?

Building and rebuilding confidence

Rebuilding confidence is not the same as building confidence.

  • When building confidence, you’re trying to do something you’re not sure you can do.
  • However, rebuilding confidence means you used to be good but failed at some point. Getting back is much harder to do.
Confidence is essentially about expectations

You think you’ll excel, but considering the probability of success and feeling confident is not that easy.
Framing effects happen when the same thing looks different when the context change. If you’re a good student in a mediocre class, you feel smarter than if you’re a good student in an elite class.

Relearning confidence

When practising a skill that you have forgotten, you may lack the confidence to pick it up again.
However, those doubts are exaggerated. Not remembering is normal, and relearning happens faster than you may expect. Yet, you may still lack self-confidence, which will undermine your self-image and motivation.

Play over Performance

When we improve in a skill, our mindset will start to shift from play to performance. Rebuilding confidence requires you to relive that initial play mindset.

  • Make failures painless. Your first practice should have zero consequences. Do warm-up exercises for low stakes before you put on pressure to perform. However, if you review your skill but continue to get everything wrong, it is a signal to stop.
  • Expect frustration and failure. When you expect failure, it won’t bother you so much when performance suffers. Set the bar lower.
  • Trust the rebuilding process. You don’t need confidence that you will excel, just confidence that you’ll eventually rebuild your confidence.
  • Reframe your expectations. You have no responsibility to live up to other people’s expectations of you.
reference

https://www.scotthyoung.com/blog/2020/07/20/rebuild-confidence/

Time management techniques

Automate Decisions
  • Transfer money to your savings account every time you receive a paycheck
  • Choose all your outfits for your week on Sunday and hang them in the closet in order
  • Subscribe to a weekly fresh delivery of organic vegetables and fruits to your home
  • Standardize the typical daily meals you like the most, saving time in cooking and grocery shopping
  • Prepare your sports bag every night and put it in your car. If you prefer running in the morning, leave your running shoes near the bed
  • Automate all electronic gadgets to go into sleep mode at a certain hour

“Time management is not a peripheral activity or skill. It is the core skill upon which everything else in life depends.” – Brian Tracy

Work Around Your Energy Levels

Productivity is directly related to your energy level.
Find your most productive hours — the time of your peak energy — and schedule Deep Work for those periods. Do low-value and low-energy tasks (also known as shallow work), such as responding to emails or unimportant meetings, in between those hours.

Plan Your Day the Night Before

Before going to bed, spend 5 minutes writing your to-do list for the next day. These tasks should help you move towards your professional and personal goals.
You’ll be better prepared mentally for the challenges ahead before waking up and there won’t be any room for procrastination in the morning. As a result, you’ll work faster and smoother than ever before.

Start the Day with Critical Work

A golden time management technique: Find your most important task (MIT) for the day and tackle it first. 
Your MIT should be the one thing that creates the most impact on your work. Getting it done will give you the momentum and sense of accomplishment early in the day. That’s how big life goals are achieved: small continuous efforts, day after day.

Prioritize Tasks
  • Write down all your tasks.
  • Identify what’s urgent and what’s important. After each task, mark them with “U” for Urgent and “I” for Important. 
  • Assess value: look at your “I” tasks and identify the high-value drivers of your work. You want to find which tasks have priority over others and how many people are impacted by your work
  • Estimate time to complete each task. Order them from the most effort to the least effort.
Delegate or Outsource Tasks
  • Find the right person: he should have all the necessary skills and is capable of doing the job
  • Provide clear instructions: write down the tasks in a step-by-step manual be as specific as possible
  • Define success: be specific about what the expected outcome is and the deadline to have the task completed
  • Clarity: have the tasks explained back to you and offer clarification when something is unclear, rewriting the specifications if needed
Automate Repetitive Tasks

Putting some of your daily tasks on autopilot is key to working smarter.

  • Create canned responses for emails you keep writing over and over again
  • Set reminders in your calendar so you never forget anything
  • Proofread your writing automatically
  • Schedule and automate your social media posts in advance
  • Automatically fill online forms,  saving all your passwords in one place
  • Create spreadsheet templates for reports you have to do weekly/monthly.
Set Time Constraints

Set deadlines even when you don’t need to. Schedule less time to complete tasks and force your brain to focus.
Parkinson’s law states: “work expands to fill the time available for its completion”. So, if you reduce the time you have to complete a task, you force your brain to focus and complete it.

Eliminate Distractions
  • Turn off all notifications on your phone, computer, and tablet
  • Leave your phone in odd places that prevent you from immediately finding it
  • Work with headphones as people are less likely to approach you.
  • If you find interesting articles, save them  to read later, such as during the commute
  • Turn off your Wi-Fi when your tasks don’t require internet connectivity
  • Don’t browse social media at work at all. 
  • Use “Do Not Disturb” functions on chat systems.
  • If you have an office, shut the door.
Track Your Time

Track your time to have real data on your work and uncover insights on how you can improve your productivity.
After a couple of weeks, you’ll start noticing patterns and knowing where and how your time is leaking. By being aware of how exactly you are using your time, you can devise a plan to attack your leaks and how to get rid of them.

The 2-Minute Rule
  • If it can be done in two minutes, just do it. Don’t add it to your to-do list, put it aside for later, or delegate it to someone else. Just do it.
  • If it takes more than two minutes, start it. Once you start acting on small tasks, you can keep the ball rolling. Simply working on it for two minutes will help you break the first barrier of procrastination.
Say No More Often Than Yes

Say “no” by default to anything that doesn’t contribute to your top 5 career goals.
Your time is a limited resource and you can’t let people set your agenda in life.

Use “Gap Time” Effectively:
  • Learn a new skill, either for your professional or personal life
  • Read books or articles you saved for later
  • Organize your computer, folders, calendar or work
  • Plan your week, tomorrow, or the rest of your day
  • Listen to a podcast
  • Learn a language
  • Take a walk and think and let your mind wander
  • Take a productive pause to clear your mind.
80/20 Your Time

The 80 20 rule states that “80% of the output or results will come from 20% of the input or action”. In other words, the little things are the ones that account for the majority of the results.
Use the 80/20 rule in your life and work to prioritize the input that brings the majority of the output.

Break Down Big Tasks

Break down big tasks into smaller ones to avoid procrastinating and help you stay on track to achieve your final goal.
Never put a huge project down as just one to-do on your list. Instead, put bite-sized to-dos that you can do one at a time. Take it to step by step.

Work From the Calendar

Schedule tasks, working from your calendar instead of the to-do list. When an event is consistently scheduled on your calendar, it’s much more likely to transform into an unconscious habit
Using your calendar forces you to rethink your work from tasks to time units. That small change increases the likelihood of getting things done.

reference

https://dansilvestre.com/time-management-techniques/amp/

Indira Gandhi-First Woman Prime Minister Of India

Indira Gandhi, in full Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi, née Nehru, (born November 19, 1917, Allahabad, India—died October 31, 1984, New Delhi), Indian politician who was the first female prime minister of India, serving for three consecutive terms (1966–77) and a fourth term from 1980 until she was assassinated in 1984.

Indira Nehru was the only child of Jawaharlal Nehru, who was one of the chief figures in India’s struggle to achieve independence from Britain, was a top leader of the powerful and long-dominant Indian National Congress (Congress Party), and was the first prime minister (1947–64) of independent India. Her grandfather Motilal Nehru was one of the pioneers of the independence movement and was a close associate of Mohandas (“Mahatma”) Gandhi. She attended, for one year each, Visva-Bharati University in Shantiniketan (now in Bolpur, West Bengal state) and then the University of Oxford in England. She joined the Congress Party in 1938.

Gandhi’s biggest achievement following the 1971 election came in December 1971 with India’s decisive victory over Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistani War that occurred in the last two weeks of the Bangladesh Liberation War, which led to the formation of independent Bangladesh.

She married Feroze Gandhi at the age of 25, in 1942. Their marriage lasted 18 years until he died of a heart attack in 1960.[218] They had two sons—Rajiv (b. 1944) and Sanjay (b. 1946). Initially, her younger son Sanjay had been her chosen heir, but after his death in a flying accident in June 1980, Gandhi persuaded her reluctant elder son Rajiv to quit his job as a pilot and enter politics in February 1981. Rajiv took office as prime minister following his mother’s assassination in 1984; he served until December 1989. Rajiv Gandhi himself was assassinated by a suicide bomber working on behalf of LTTE on 21 May 1991.[219]Gandhi’s yoga guru, Dhirendra Brahmachari, helped her in making certain decisions and also executed certain top level political tasks on her behalf, especially from 1975 to 1977 when Gandhi “declared a state of emergency and suspended civil liberties.

Garibi Hatao Desh Bachao (“Remove poverty, rescue the country”) was the theme and slogan of Indira Gandhi’s 1971 election campaign.It was a famous slogan given by her.

she died on 31 October, 1984.Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated at 9:29 a.m. on 31 October 1984 at her residence in Safdarjung Road, New Delhi. She was killed by her Sikh bodyguards Satwant Singh and Beant Singh in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star.She was attacked by a gun..38 (9.1mm) revolver and Sterling submachine gun

Salma Sultan gave the first news of the assassination of Gandhi on Doordarshan’s evening news on 31 October 1984, more than ten hours after she was killed.It is alleged by the Indian government that Gandhi’s secretary R. K. Dhawan overruled intelligence and security officials who had ordered the removal of policemen as a security threat, including her assassins.

Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru- The First Prime Minister Of India

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was a leading figure in the Indian Independence struggle. He was the first Prime Minister of Independent India. He had initiated socio-economic policies of the idealistic socialist kind. He was a prolific writer and authored books such as ‘The Discovery of India’ and ‘Glimpses of the World History’

Quick Facts⭕

⭕Born on: 14 November, 1889

⭕Place of Birth: Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh

⭕ IndiaFather’s Name: Motilal Nehru

⭕Mother’s Name: Swarup Rani Nehru

⭕Spouse: Kamala NehruChildren: Indira Gandhi

⭕Education: Harrow School, London; Trinity College, Cambridge; Inns of Court School of Law, London

⭕Occupation: Barrister, Writer, and PoliticianPolitical party:

⭕ Indian National CongressPolitical Ideology: Nationalism, Socialism, Democracy

⭕Award: Bharat RatnaPublications/

⭕Works: The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, Jawaharlal Nehru’s Autobiography, Letters from a Father to his Daughter, etc

⭕.Died: 27 May 1964

⭕Place of Death: New Delhi

Children’s Day 2021: It is also known as ‘Bal Diwas’. It is celebrated on November 14, 2021, to commemorate the birth anniversary of India’s first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.The day is also recognised across the country to raise awareness about the rights, care, and education of children.

Since 1956, India has been celebrating Children’s Day on November 20. Originally, on November 20, Children’s Day was observed as Universal Children’s Day by the United Nations.After the death of Chacha Nehru in 1964, his birth anniversary began to be celebrated as Children’s Day in the country. His popularity among children was considered and a resolution was passed in parliament to celebrate National Children’s Day in his honour on November 14.

Chacha Nehru was a strong advocate for children’s education and always believed that a newly independent country could only flourish alongside the prosperity of its children. He believed that children were the real strength of a nation and the foundation of society.

How to properly plan out your week

Become more organized

To be successful and reach your goals, you need to be organized.
One first step in this direction refers to starting your day planning: choosing the agenda that works best for you can be a game-changer.

Practice a lot

Acquiring organizational skills, as in getting better at planning, can take a while. While finding the appropriate agenda is essential, making a habit out of using it is just as important.

Plan important moments monthly

When preparing your schedule monthly, make sure to add not only the daily tasks and objectives but also the big moments.
For instance, integrating your friends’ birthdays can prove both useful and time saving for the future.

Establish a day for planning your schedule

Establishing a certain day, when you can sit and plan your next week can prove extremely useful.
For instance, choosing Friday to be that day, seems pretty clever, as this day marks both the end of a working week and, why not, the beginning of another one.

Manage priorities first

To have successful days at work and not only, make sure you keep track of your tasks. Furthermore, taking care first of the priorities should be on everybody’s calendar.

Necessities are the real thing

Whenever you plan your schedule, write down whatever you need to do, but not everything you need to do.
Some tasks do not require being noted down, as they have become part of a daily ritual and can not be forgotten.

Use colours to plan your agenda or not

You choose how you want your planning to look like, therefore avoid trusting too much others’ opinions, but rather choose to prioritize your own.
For instance, using colour appeals to many individuals, but not to everybody. Just choose your style and get started.

reference

https://www.domino.com/content/how-to-plan-your-week/

APJ ABDUL KALAM – The Missile Man Of India

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography, Early Life, Achievements, Quotes will be discussed here. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, often known as APJ Abdul Kalam, was an outstanding scientist who rose to become India’s 11th President from 2002 to 2007. Kalam worked as a scientific administrator and scientist for over four decades, mainly at the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). He was deeply involved in India’s military missile development activities as well as its civilian space program.

⭕APJ Abdul Kalam Biography⭕

He was given the moniker ‘The Missile Man of India’ to launch technology and ballistic missile development. APJ Abdul Kalam was a key figure in the Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests in 1998. On October 15, 1931, APJ Abdul Kalam was born into an impoverished Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. Ashiamma was a homemaker, while his father, Jainulabdeen, was a boat owner and an imam at a local mosque.

⭕APJ Abdul Kalam Early Life⭕

He was an average student at school, but he had a tremendous desire to study and work hard. He loved mathematics and would spend hours studying it. In 1954, he graduated from ‘Saint Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli,’ after attending ‘Schwartz Higher Secondary School.’He aspired to be a fighter pilot, but his ambition was dashed when the IAF only had eight seats available, and he was assigned to the ninth.

⭕APJ Abdul Kalam Career⭕

As a researcher, While on the ‘INCOSPAR’ committee, Kalam worked under the great space scientist Vikram Sarabhai. After joining the ‘Defence Research and Development Service,’ he graduated from the ‘Madras Institute of Technology in 1960 and worked as a scientist at the ‘Aeronautical Development Establishment.’ In 1969, Kalam was sent to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). He rose to the project manager position for the country’s most advanced satellite launch vehicle (SLV-III). Under Kalam’s direction, SLV-III successfully launched the ‘Rohini’ satellite into near-Earth orbit in July 1980.In 1970, Kalam took part in a variety of initiatives, including ‘Project Devil.’ He was also a part of the ‘Project Valiant’ group. Despite the project’s failure, it established the groundwork for creating the ‘Prithvi Missile’ in 1980.

⭕APJ Abdul Kalam Achievements⭕

He was a crucial figure in India’s ‘Porkhran-II’ nuclear tests, which took place in May 1998. Kalam became a national hero due to the success of these nuclear tests, and his popularity skyrocketed.He provided various proposals to make India a developed country by 2020 as a technical visionary in technology advancements, agriculture, and nuclear energy.As President, The governing National Democratic Alliance (NDA) nominated Kalam for President in 2002, and he was elected President. On July 25, 2002, he became India’s 11th President, a post he held until July 25, 2007. He was also the third President of India to be awarded the ‘Bharat Ratna’ before taking office.He was popularly known as ‘The People’s President’ because of his working manner and interactions with ordinary people, particularly the young. The signing of the ‘Office of Profit Bill,’ according to Dr. Kalam, was the most difficult choice he made during his presidency.During his presidency, he was chastised for his lack of action in deciding on the fate of mercy petitions that were sent to him. Only one of the 21 mercy requests received his attention. He advocated President’s rule in Bihar in 2005, which was also a contentious choice.