Olympic is one of the most prestigious game event. To secure even one Olympic is a matter of pride for sports men. Imagine how a athlete would feel , if he/ she have the highest number of Olympic medal. Michael Phelps have the privilege of knowing this feeling, with 28 medals in total.
Michael Fred Phelps born on 30th June 1985 is a former competitive swimmer of America. He holds the maximum number of medals in the history of Olympic games. In Beijing Games he won eight gold medals breaking Mark Spitz’s 1972 record of seven first place finishes at any single Olympic games. At 2004 summer Athens Olympics he won 8 medals — 6 gold and 2 bronze. At 2012 summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold medal and 2 silver and at Rio De Janeiro he won 5 gold medals and 1 silver. This made him the most successful athletes of the Games for fourth Olympics in row.
Phelps announced retirement after 2012 Olympics but made a come back in April 2014. In 2016 Olympics he was selected as flag bearer of United States. He announced his second retirement on August 2016 and has never participated ever since then. He is regarded as the greatest swimmer as well as athlete of the time.
Phelps began swimming at the age of 7 because of influence of his sister and to provide him outlet for his energy. He liked swimming since then. Following his retirement in 2016 , he said,”The only reason I got in the water was my mom wanted me to just learn how to swim . My sister and myself fell in love with the sport, and we decided to swim”.
Not every work done by children ought to be named child labor that will be focused on for disposal. Children’s or alternately teenagers’ investment in work that doesn’t influence their wellbeing and self-awareness or meddle with their tutoring, is by and large viewed as being a positive thing. This incorporates exercises like aiding their folks around the home, aiding a privately-owned company or bringing in pocket cash outside school hours and during school occasions. These sorts of exercises add to children’s turn of events and to the government assistance of their families; they furnish them with abilities and experience, and help to set them up to be useful citizenry during their grown-up life.
The expression “child labor” is frequently characterized as work that denies children of their childhood, their latent capacity and their pride, and that is hurtful to physical and mental turn of events. It alludes to work that is intellectually, genuinely, socially or ethically hazardous and hurtful to children; and additionally meddles with their tutoring by: denying them of the chance to go to class; obliging them to leave school rashly; or expecting them to endeavor to consolidate school participation with unnecessarily long and substantial work.
Regardless of whether specific types of “work” can be designated “child labor” relies upon the child’s age, the sort and long periods of work played out, the conditions under which it is performed and the targets sought after by singular nations. The appropriate response differs from one country to another, just as among areas inside nations.
The most recent worldwide evaluations show that the quantity of children in child labor has ascended to 160 million around the world – an increment of 8.4 million children over the most recent four years. 63 million young ladies and 97 million young men were in child labor universally toward the start of 2020, representing very nearly 1 out of 10 of all children around the world.
This report cautions that worldwide advancement to end child labor has slowed down without precedent for a very long time. The quantity of children matured 5 to 17 years in dangerous work – characterized as work that is probably going to hurt their wellbeing, security or ethics – has ascended by 6.5 million to 79 million since 2016. In sub-Saharan Africa, populace development, outrageous destitution, and insufficient social assurance measures have prompted an extra 16.6 million children in child labor in the course of recent years.
Extra financial shocks and school terminations brought about by COVID-19 imply that children effectively in child labor might be working longer hours or under deteriorating conditions, while a lot more might be constrained into the most noticeably terrible types of child labor because of work and pay misfortunes among weak families. The report cautions that universally 9 million extra children are in danger of being driven into child labor before the finish of 2022 because of the pandemic.
Children in child labor are in danger of physical and mental damage. Child labor undermines children’s schooling, confining their rights and restricting their future chances, and prompts horrendous between generational patterns of destitution and child labor.
Angela Merkel was born in Hamburg on July 17th, 1954. She is a German politician and serving as a Chancellor of Germany since 2005. After completing her higher education from Templin in the year 1973, studied physics at Leipzig university amd graduated in the year 1978 and was awarded a doctorate in the year 1986. Since 1990, she is an active member of the Christian democratic union of Germany (CDU). From 1991-1998 she administered as a deputy chairwoman of the CDU.
Merkel spent 35 years of her life as a quantum chemist and worked at a research institute in Soviet-controlled East Germany until the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989. This historic manifestation prompted Merkel to abandon the research field and develop an everlasting interest in politics. Merkel is the first woman and the first East German who, in the history of Germany, holds the nation highest elective office post.
She is straightforward, who doesn’t take too many risks that are the reason which makes her stand out in her long-serving political career. She never doubts her decision-making skills and believes in working quietly rather than standing in the political rallies and deliver long speeches to receive appreciation. She is a strong woman with high self-confidence and withstands death moments alone in her political career especially during the refugee crisis.
Merkel handled the refugee crisis with utter decisiveness that shaped the viewpoint of the world towards Europe and demonstrated how to act responsibly. She was viewed as “the woman who saved the dignity of Europe.”
n a normal pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants and develops in the uterus. In most ectopic pregnancies, the egg settles in the fallopian tubes. This is why ectopic pregnancies are commonly called “tubal pregnancies.” The egg also can implant in the ovary, abdomen, or the cervix, so you also might hear these referred to as cervical or abdominal pregnancies.
None of these areas has as much space or nurturing tissue as a uterus for a pregnancy to develop. As the fetus grows, it will eventually burst the organ that contains it. This can cause severe bleeding and endanger the mother’s life. A classical ectopic pregnancy does not develop into a live birth.
SYMPTOMS
vaginal spotting
dizziness or fainting (caused by blood loss)
low blood pressure (also caused by blood loss)
lower back pain
TREATMENT
Treatment of an ectopic pregnancy varies, depending on how medically stable the woman is and the size and location of the pregnancy.
An early ectopic pregnancy can sometimes be treated with an injection of methotrexate, which stops the growth of the embryo.
If the pregnancy is farther along, a woman will likely need surgery to remove the abnormal pregnancy. In the past, this was a major operation, requiring a large incision across the pelvic area, and this can still be necessary in cases of emergency or extensive internal injury.
That being said there are some rare cases around the world where a mother has had an ectopic pregnancy and has safely given birth to a child, but in most cases the child has been born premature but has survived. However this is extremely rare and in case of ectopic pregnancy the best thing to do is medically terminate the foetus.
n a normal pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants and develops in the uterus. In most ectopic pregnancies, the egg settles in the fallopian tubes. This is why ectopic pregnancies are commonly called “tubal pregnancies.” The egg also can implant in the ovary, abdomen, or the cervix, so you also might hear these referred to as cervical or abdominal pregnancies.
None of these areas has as much space or nurturing tissue as a uterus for a pregnancy to develop. As the fetus grows, it will eventually burst the organ that contains it. This can cause severe bleeding and endanger the mother’s life. A classical ectopic pregnancy does not develop into a live birth.
SYMPTOMS
vaginal spotting
dizziness or fainting (caused by blood loss)
low blood pressure (also caused by blood loss)
lower back pain
TREATMENT
Treatment of an ectopic pregnancy varies, depending on how medically stable the woman is and the size and location of the pregnancy.
An early ectopic pregnancy can sometimes be treated with an injection of methotrexate, which stops the growth of the embryo.
If the pregnancy is farther along, a woman will likely need surgery to remove the abnormal pregnancy. In the past, this was a major operation, requiring a large incision across the pelvic area, and this can still be necessary in cases of emergency or extensive internal injury.
That being said there are some rare cases around the world where a mother has had an ectopic pregnancy and has safely given birth to a child, but in most cases the child has been born premature but has survived. However this is extremely rare and in case of ectopic pregnancy the best thing to do is medically terminate the foetus.
Wars are demons which are always meant for destruction. The only way they know to achieve their wishes is complete destruction. Women, men, children and even nature are also being ruined by bombs, guns and shots. The purpose of wars may vary.It depends upon the motives of each group. The memoir The Last Girl by Nadia Murad is a journey from a peaceful life at Kocho to a strange life in Germany as a refugee. The protagonist Nadia draws a complete picture of devastation of an area,people and their minds. The war took place in Kocho where they practiced genocide to wipe out one of the ethnic minorities in Iraq, that is Yazidi.Surviving a war is such an easy task when it is compared to the life of survivors Because the days after war is like a life without life.
The memoir is divided into three parts. The first part deals with Murad’s peaceful life in the Yazidi village Kocho and she included several incidents and disputes related to nearby Sunni villages and terrorists attacks she evoked. She narrated the occupation of Islamic State in Kocho in August 2014 and successive massacres inflicted by ISIS. Men were killed and women were used as sexual slaves when they refused to convert into Muslim community. In second part, Murad conveys her experiences as a brutally treated woman by ISIS militants. The days she spent in the camps were horrible. Once she tried to escape, she was failed and was raped by the guards and moved to an ISIS check point and again raped by many. Third part is the continuation of her struggle to escape from that hell. The second attempt was a successful one and with the help of a family, she went to Kocho and started a new life.She defined the circumstances as incredible.
The Last Girl is a thunderous ode to a woman’s will to struggle, to survive and to emerge victorious through unimaginable trauma and torture. Moreover, the story offers a powerful insight into how the Yazidi suffered incomparable cruelty, how a woman braved the worst of human conditions and was able to share her story with the world. It is not just a story of a Yazidi woman who suffered being a sex slave and monumental tragedy in the hands of the ISIS, instead the work is a testimony of the ancient Yazidi community, and their unceasing predicaments that are ignored by the larger mass. Nadia’s unflinching portrayal of her own story is the strong weapon, she has against terrorism. Even though, genocide is not something that just happened yesterday, it is an unnoticeable part of history. The work is like a mirror set against the reality which reflects the terrible beauty of the world. Rape has been used as a tool in war time for millennia. It is used as an instrument in genocide. Because it is one way of advancing the destruction of a community. Rape has a huge capacity to destroy asmuch as a bullet can destroy. The memoir contains open wounds and painful lessons,as Yazidi activist, Nadia Murad learns how her own story can become a weapon against her co-opted for any number of political agendas.
Usually, the world celebrate and remember the victorious pages of history. In those victories, the minorities are often denied their right to live by the hands of powerful majority. Their voices are crushed under the authoritative orders and the world does not see any representatives from them. In this context The Last Girl becomes very relevant. It is a memoir of a girl from Yazidi community, a minority section of Iraq, which explains the traumatic situations of Yazidis and their fearful life in their home country Iraq. She dared to speak against ISIS and their cruel agendas.
Nadia is the first Yazidi woman who begins an open fight with such a huge organization and stood for a healthy living of Yazidis. She fought with herself to overcome the trauma and successfully nurtured the confidence within her to create a protective layer around her community. The UN Goodwill Ambassador for the dignity of survivors of human trafficking, Nadia is not just a survivor, she is a winner of human rights. As a research topic, the work is viewed in the angle of trauma which reflects throughout the lives of victims who subjected to the effects of war.
For a long time, aggressive driving has been an issue on our roads, and it appears to be growing worse. Screaming, unpleasant gestures, and even violence have become commonplace on our highways, to the point where it has gained its own name: road rage. Find out what causes road rage, if you’re prone to it, and how you can help keep our roads safe by refusing to give in to it.
After a series of shootings on many motorways throughout the city, local television station KTLA popularized the term “road rage.” The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration defines road rage as when a driver “commits moving traffic offences so as to endanger other persons or property; an assault with a motor vehicle or other dangerous weapon by the operator or passenger of one of one.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration distinguishes between road rage and aggressive driving, the former being a criminal offence and the latter a traffic violation, according to the NHTSA. The driver is held responsible in this definition.
Road Rage Factors
Here are some of the most typical circumstances that lead to road rage or aggressive driving behaviour.
Delays in traffic Heavy traffic, waiting at stoplights, seeking for a parking spot, or even waiting for passengers can all contribute to a driver’s rage.
Late for a meeting Drivers can become irritable if they are late for a meeting or appointment.
Anonymity Drivers may feel more comfortable engaging in risky driving behavior’s such as tailgating, cutting people off, excessive honking, or making rude gestures if they believe they won’t see other drivers again.
Ignorance of others and the law Some motorists may believe that the rules do not apply to them.
Learned or habitual conduct Aggressive driving may be the norm for some drivers.
Forms of road rage
Tailgating
Yelling
Honking in anger
Making angry gestures
Trying to block another vehicle from changing lanes
Cutting off another vehicle on purpose
Getting out of the vehicle to confront another driver
Bumping or ramming another vehicle on purpose
How to avoid road rage
To protect yourself from aggressive drivers or if you become a victim of a road rage incident, make sure you have the right car insurance policy.
Take your time. Allow yourself plenty of time to get where you want to go; you’ll be less likely to become impatient and take unnecessary risks if you do.
Allow yourself to cool down. Take some time to relax if you’re upset.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders does not list road rage as a mental disorder (DSM). The behaviours commonly associated with road rage, according to an article published by the Associated Press in June 2006, can be the result of an illness known as intermittent explosive disorder, which is recognised by the DSM.
Between 2001 and 2003, polls of 9,200 adults in the United States yielded this conclusion. The National Institute of Mental Health provided funding for the surveys.
Road rage is a serious offence that may be considered a threat to public safety. However, because it is not always feasible to determine purpose by external observation, “road ragers” who are caught by police may face additional charges such as careless or reckless driving, as well as a fine.
For a long time, aggressive driving has been an issue on our roads, and it appears to be growing worse. Screaming, unpleasant gestures, and even violence have become commonplace on our highways, to the point where it has gained its own name: road rage. Find out what causes road rage, if you’re prone to it, and how you can help keep our roads safe by refusing to give in to it.
After a series of shootings on many motorways throughout the city, local television station KTLA popularized the term “road rage.” The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration defines road rage as when a driver “commits moving traffic offences so as to endanger other persons or property; an assault with a motor vehicle or other dangerous weapon by the operator or passenger of one of one.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration distinguishes between road rage and aggressive driving, the former being a criminal offence and the latter a traffic violation, according to the NHTSA. The driver is held responsible in this definition.
Road Rage Factors
Here are some of the most typical circumstances that lead to road rage or aggressive driving behaviour.
Delays in traffic Heavy traffic, waiting at stoplights, seeking for a parking spot, or even waiting for passengers can all contribute to a driver’s rage.
Late for a meeting Drivers can become irritable if they are late for a meeting or appointment.
Anonymity Drivers may feel more comfortable engaging in risky driving behavior’s such as tailgating, cutting people off, excessive honking, or making rude gestures if they believe they won’t see other drivers again.
Ignorance of others and the law Some motorists may believe that the rules do not apply to them.
Learned or habitual conduct Aggressive driving may be the norm for some drivers.
Forms of road rage
Tailgating
Yelling
Honking in anger
Making angry gestures
Trying to block another vehicle from changing lanes
Cutting off another vehicle on purpose
Getting out of the vehicle to confront another driver
Bumping or ramming another vehicle on purpose
How to avoid road rage
To protect yourself from aggressive drivers or if you become a victim of a road rage incident, make sure you have the right car insurance policy.
Take your time. Allow yourself plenty of time to get where you want to go; you’ll be less likely to become impatient and take unnecessary risks if you do.
Allow yourself to cool down. Take some time to relax if you’re upset.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders does not list road rage as a mental disorder (DSM). The behaviours commonly associated with road rage, according to an article published by the Associated Press in June 2006, can be the result of an illness known as intermittent explosive disorder, which is recognised by the DSM.
Between 2001 and 2003, polls of 9,200 adults in the United States yielded this conclusion. The National Institute of Mental Health provided funding for the surveys.
Road rage is a serious offence that may be considered a threat to public safety. However, because it is not always feasible to determine purpose by external observation, “road ragers” who are caught by police may face additional charges such as careless or reckless driving, as well as a fine.
It’s common knowledge that you should never use needles more than once. For those of you that are unsure why here’s a brief overview. First of all the tip of a needle is sharp and fine, so that it goes into the skin easily when you inject. Every time you use a needle, it gets blunter and loses sharpness. The more times you use it, the blunter it gets. This makes it harder for the needle to pierce the skin, and thus more painful when you do the injection. This is not only done to avoid painful injections, but to ensure that you avoid infection by using a fresh, clean needle. This also reduces bleeding and bruising. The tip of a needle can also weaken and break off and get stuck under your skin. Most needles are designed to only be used once.
Also needles spread all sorts of diseases like Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and so many other fatal diseases, so usage of the same needle for saving money is really not worth it.
🌟Software refers to a program that makes the computer to do something meaningful. It is the planned, step-by-step instructions required to turn data into information.
Software can be classified into two categories : 🔹️System Software 🔹️Application Software
🌟System Software consists of general programs written for a computer. These programs provide the environment to run the application programs. System software comprises programs, which interact with the hardware at a very basic level. They are the basic necessity of a computer system for its proper functionality. System software serves as the interface between hardware and the user. The operating system, compliers and utility programs are examples of system software.
🌟The most important type of system software is the operating system. An operating system is an integrated set of specialized programs that is used to manage the overall operations of a computer. It acts like an interface between the user, computer hardware and software. Every computer must have an operating system to run other programs. DOS (Disk Operating System), Unix, Linux and Windows are some of the common operating systems.
🌟The complier software translates the source program (user written program) into an object program (binary form). Specific compliers are available for computer programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++ etc. The utility programs support the computer for specific tasks like file copying, sorting, linking a object program, etc.
🌟An Application Software consists of programs designed to solve a user problem. It is used to accomplish specific tasks rather than just managing a computer system. Application software are inturn, controlled by system software which manages hardware devices.
🌟Some typical examples are : railway reservation system, game programs, word processing software, weather forecasting programs. Among the application software some are packaged for specific tasks. The commonly used Application software packages are word processor, spreadsheet, database management system and graphics.
🌟One of the most commonly used software package is word processing software. Anyone who has used a computer as a word processor knows that it is far more than a fancy typewriter. The great advantage of word processing over a typewriter is that you can make changes without retyping the entire document. The entire writing is transformed by this modern word processing software. This software lets you create, edit, format, store and print text and graphics. Some of the commonly used word processors are MicrosoftWord, WordStar, WordPerfect, etc.
🌟Spreadsheet software packages allows the user to manipulate numbers. Repetitive numeric calculations,use of related formulae and creation of graphics and charts are some of the basic tools. This capacity let’s business people try different combinations of numbers and obtain the results quickly. Lotus 1-2-3, Excel, etc. are some of the famous spreadsheet applications.
🌟A database management system is collection of programs that enable to store, modify and extract information from a database. A database organizes the information internally. Computerized banking system, Automated Teller Machine, Airlines and Railway reservation system etc., are some of the database applications.
It’s common knowledge that you should never use needles more than once. For those of you that are unsure why here’s a brief overview. First of all the tip of a needle is sharp and fine, so that it goes into the skin easily when you inject. Every time you use a needle, it gets blunter and loses sharpness. The more times you use it, the blunter it gets. This makes it harder for the needle to pierce the skin, and thus more painful when you do the injection. This is not only done to avoid painful injections, but to ensure that you avoid infection by using a fresh, clean needle. This also reduces bleeding and bruising. The tip of a needle can also weaken and break off and get stuck under your skin. Most needles are designed to only be used once.
Also needles spread all sorts of diseases like Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and so many other fatal diseases, so usage of the same needle for saving money is really not worth it.
🌟Software refers to a program that makes the computer to do something meaningful. It is the planned, step-by-step instructions required to turn data into information.
Software can be classified into two categories : 🔹️System Software 🔹️Application Software
🌟System Software consists of general programs written for a computer. These programs provide the environment to run the application programs. System software comprises programs, which interact with the hardware at a very basic level. They are the basic necessity of a computer system for its proper functionality. System software serves as the interface between hardware and the user. The operating system, compliers and utility programs are examples of system software.
🌟The most important type of system software is the operating system. An operating system is an integrated set of specialized programs that is used to manage the overall operations of a computer. It acts like an interface between the user, computer hardware and software. Every computer must have an operating system to run other programs. DOS (Disk Operating System), Unix, Linux and Windows are some of the common operating systems.
🌟The complier software translates the source program (user written program) into an object program (binary form). Specific compliers are available for computer programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++ etc. The utility programs support the computer for specific tasks like file copying, sorting, linking a object program, etc.
🌟An Application Software consists of programs designed to solve a user problem. It is used to accomplish specific tasks rather than just managing a computer system. Application software are inturn, controlled by system software which manages hardware devices.
🌟Some typical examples are : railway reservation system, game programs, word processing software, weather forecasting programs. Among the application software some are packaged for specific tasks. The commonly used Application software packages are word processor, spreadsheet, database management system and graphics.
🌟One of the most commonly used software package is word processing software. Anyone who has used a computer as a word processor knows that it is far more than a fancy typewriter. The great advantage of word processing over a typewriter is that you can make changes without retyping the entire document. The entire writing is transformed by this modern word processing software. This software lets you create, edit, format, store and print text and graphics. Some of the commonly used word processors are MicrosoftWord, WordStar, WordPerfect, etc.
🌟Spreadsheet software packages allows the user to manipulate numbers. Repetitive numeric calculations,use of related formulae and creation of graphics and charts are some of the basic tools. This capacity let’s business people try different combinations of numbers and obtain the results quickly. Lotus 1-2-3, Excel, etc. are some of the famous spreadsheet applications.
🌟A database management system is collection of programs that enable to store, modify and extract information from a database. A database organizes the information internally. Computerized banking system, Automated Teller Machine, Airlines and Railway reservation system etc., are some of the database applications.
It is common knowledge that if a person commits a crime, he is the one who pays for it. That implies that the person responsible for specific wrong conduct will face damages, imprisonment, or punishment of any sort for the same. But is it possible that you can be held liable for the wrongdoings or mistakes of some other person?
It might seem a stupid question, but the matter of fact is that you can. This principle of Vicarious Liability is described under the Law of Torts.
In certain cases, one may be held for the act of the other if there exists a certain kind of relationship between the two persons concerned. But the act under inspection must have been done in connection with that ‘relationship’.
Common examples of such a relationship are
Liability of the principal for the tort of his agent
Liability of partners of each other’s tort
Liability of the master for the tort of his servant.
When an agent, in the course of performance of his duty as an agent, commits a wrongful act, the principal is the person held liable. The principal is made liable ‘vicariously’ because of the principal-agent relationship between the two. The same is the case in a master-servant relationship.
The doctrine followed in the above two conditions is based on the maxim of respondeat superior, which means ‘let the principal be liable’ and it puts the master in the same position as if he had done the act himself.
Does a natural question arise that who is a servant? Is the person in question a servant and should the master (so-called) be held liable?
A servant is a person employed by another to do work under the directions and controls of his master. As a general rule, the master is liable for the tort of his servant but not for the tort of an independent contractor.
Servant and independent contractor distinguished – A servant is an agent who is subject to the control and supervision of his employer regarding how the work is to be done. Whereas the independent contractor is not subject to such control.
An employer is not liable for acts of an independent contractor.
Exceptions-
The general rule that an employer is not liable for the acts of an independent contractor is subject to some exceptions. In the following cases, an employer can be made liable for the wrongs of the independent contractor.
If an employer authorizes the doing of an illegal act or subsequently ratifies the same, he can be made liable for such an act. The real reason for such liability is that the employer himself is a party to the wrongful act, along with the independent contractor, and therefore, he is liable.
An employer is liable for the act of an independent contractor in cases of strict liability. Also, if some hazardous work is engaged in, even then the employer is held liable.
Therefore, it is evident that one can be held liable for the actions of another. Such is the beauty of our law!
It is common knowledge that if a person commits a crime, he is the one who pays for it. That implies that the person responsible for specific wrong conduct will face damages, imprisonment, or punishment of any sort for the same. But is it possible that you can be held liable for the wrongdoings or mistakes of some other person?
It might seem a stupid question, but the matter of fact is that you can. This principle of Vicarious Liability is described under the Law of Torts.
In certain cases, one may be held for the act of the other if there exists a certain kind of relationship between the two persons concerned. But the act under inspection must have been done in connection with that ‘relationship’.
Common examples of such a relationship are
Liability of the principal for the tort of his agent
Liability of partners of each other’s tort
Liability of the master for the tort of his servant.
When an agent, in the course of performance of his duty as an agent, commits a wrongful act, the principal is the person held liable. The principal is made liable ‘vicariously’ because of the principal-agent relationship between the two. The same is the case in a master-servant relationship.
The doctrine followed in the above two conditions is based on the maxim of respondeat superior, which means ‘let the principal be liable’ and it puts the master in the same position as if he had done the act himself.
Does a natural question arise that who is a servant? Is the person in question a servant and should the master (so-called) be held liable?
A servant is a person employed by another to do work under the directions and controls of his master. As a general rule, the master is liable for the tort of his servant but not for the tort of an independent contractor.
Servant and independent contractor distinguished – A servant is an agent who is subject to the control and supervision of his employer regarding how the work is to be done. Whereas the independent contractor is not subject to such control.
An employer is not liable for acts of an independent contractor.
Exceptions-
The general rule that an employer is not liable for the acts of an independent contractor is subject to some exceptions. In the following cases, an employer can be made liable for the wrongs of the independent contractor.
If an employer authorizes the doing of an illegal act or subsequently ratifies the same, he can be made liable for such an act. The real reason for such liability is that the employer himself is a party to the wrongful act, along with the independent contractor, and therefore, he is liable.
An employer is liable for the act of an independent contractor in cases of strict liability. Also, if some hazardous work is engaged in, even then the employer is held liable.
Therefore, it is evident that one can be held liable for the actions of another. Such is the beauty of our law!
In one of my previous article I had talked about cardiac arrest and mentioned that it was different from heart attacks so today I will talk about heart attacks. A heart attack (also known as a myocardial infarction or MI) is the damage and death of heart muscle from the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood and oxygen
SYMPTOMS
Pain, fullness, and/or squeezing sensation of the chest
Jaw pain, toothache and headache
Shortness of breath
Nausea, vomiting and/or general epigastric (upper middle abdomen) discomfort
Sweating
Heartburn and/or indigestion
Arm pain (more commonly the left arm, but may be either arm)
Upper back pain
General malaise (vague feeling of illness)
No symptoms (Approximately one quarter of all heart attacks are silent, without chest pain or new symptoms. Silent heart attacks are especially common among patients with diabetes mellitus.)
One cannot overemphasize the importance of seeking prompt medical attention in the presence of new symptoms that suggest a heart attack. Early diagnosis and treatment save lives, and delays in reaching medical assistance can be fatal.
Eduindex 
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