Tag: Education

"SHOULD OTT BE REGULATED ?"

Regulation of OTTS is a matter of great concern for government.

OTT platforms have grown rapidly in India, especially during the coronavirus-induced lockdown period, when the closure of film theatres led several production houses to release their films directly on OTT platforms. And this allows them to conveniently bypass even the basic scrutiny of a film regulatory authority. Many also believe that OTT platforms often perpetuate sexual crimes and soft porn, amplify bloodshed and gore which can potentially inflame passions, especially in young minds. Unregulated content can be damaging especially for a country like ours where communal tensions are not uncommon. Content on OTTs are age restricted , since their is no censor board for such & everyone can watch it , the content is influencing young minds in wrong way , which is why they need to be regulated.

Regulated OTT content could also imply missed opportunities for filmmakers and actors who are lured to the medium for the creative freedom it offers. This is the only drawback of regulation of OTTs . Filmmakers comes to this platform because this platform offers freedom of creativity , they can make whatever they want to , yes it is true that they make what is real , but this reality often brings problems among young minds because these minds are not able to take the message behind the content but grasp the things which are not meant for them .

In my view, self-regulation is highly preferred to strict censorship as the latter will curtail the creative freedom of OTT video platforms. If OTT platforms self-regulate and take adequate measures to ensure prohibited content is not watched by children and carry content descriptors, among other safeguards, they would emerge as the best platforms for content watchers

Broadcasters Association (NBA) regulates news channels, and the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) regulates film content. There is no such regulatory authority operating to scrutinize digital media content. So unregulated content that is now widely accessible owing to cheap data connections and the proliferation of smartphones has become a cause of concern. So there must be a regulatory body for OTTs , so that without violating the rules & guidelines & without showing content which is not good , they can give content which is meant for all & loved by all

A Reliable Learning Via Robotics and machines….

                                    IMPORTANCE OF STEM EDUCATION FOR AN ENHANCED LEARNING

  • Definition Of Stem

STEM is an artificial intelligence related to Science, Technology, Engineering and mathematics but it is a vast concept of more than these. It integrates and builds an advanced system of education taking into account every individual’s attention. STEM kind of learning needs to be paid attention as it has an improved technology with enclosing subjects that teaches moral values and discipline in inter-relating one another.

The main motive is to build advanced geniuses in the teenage able to tackle subject and real-time oriented issues. This tech unites with pupils making them to be well-versed and multi-talented in all occasions.

  • Benefits of STEM related education

This kind of learning is focused on building higher order of thinking among students by connecting them a classroom experience to the modern world. A future model is built under campuses for upgrading their problem-solving ability, thinking skill, communication skills and creativity to sort out various critical circumstances in reality.

Generally, focuses on practical experience with real-time applications that gradually builds the skills ability level and shaping them to utilize a sense od outstanding creativity in a competitive world of 21st century.

The students brought up from this kind of teaching can tackle the reality as well as social media/virtual world simultaneously with their brilliance and social skills that comprises of curiosity, social skills, leadership, management and acceptance of up and downs in life.

In a specific period of life people will undergo circumstances where they become puzzled to take decision as choices will cause effects on their career which has to be made wisely. At that stage without realizing they randomly choose a false decision making them fall in a pit, which will be realized on later times by the same individual after which nothing can be undone.

This system basically concentrates on those kinds of cases so the growing kids can be exclusively intelligence while handling such experiences. This AI creates a similar kind illusion to make them think and decide their choices accordingly so they can adopt to changes or select a decision more preciously.

  • Differences from normal learning and AI integrated learning

In a standard learning taught by faculties they can give you their knowledge ask them to explore it on your way but mostly pupils memorize concepts that will be totally vanished in this type of system where a machine will broaden every word and concept of subject and explaining the facts deeper by triggering your anxiety to grasp the entire knowledge.

They also become as Book-worms instead of knowing the working behind every concept thus it becomes like mugging/memorizing and vomiting/producing in exam papers just for marks rather than knowledge or skill developed education.

STEM education is the path of future learning making upcoming generation as innovative ones.

These AI models create crucial real-time happenings thus testing their initial level of thinking and providing solutions to the same. By doing this they actually promote their working of brain at a younger age which we call as maturity and experience at small ages.

It is also a known to contribute steps towards economic growth by this deep level thinking knowledge (innovation) which is unique in every kid. That is why each one is special but as they discover their innovative skill it becomes too late for individuals so by enhancing them to bring up their key skills so they are ready to face out life and unavoidable circumstances.

  • Ways to spread an idea to enlarge the importance about it to the Society

There are various ways through which you can advertise and spread the initiative taken by you. The only thing you require is an account in media platforms that will enroll your ads in various random posts that people may be searching for.

 The only purpose of using social media is because the reach is tremendous while compared manually or just by recommendations. You need to focus on how you can market them by discussing their features and how it helps in the improvement of a teenager.

By adding relevant pictures or short clips of the same, people can get to know about the functionalities and capabilities of the system and the working.

Awareness can also be made and posters shall be published to keep a track of viewers and connect with them mutually to improve a knowledge of better learning among several institutions in exploring the skills of a teenager in their adolescent ages that support them vitally.

The base of any product to be recognized is how you explain and elaborate the advantages and benefits that grasps attention to every single student in a whole crowd or in a classroom.

If you are self-motivated to prove and provide minute specifications for the useful machine integrated model (AI/STEM education) it can be an added information for users so they support and promote in various different ways.

  • Social Media Channels

The enlarged platform of these trending applications has several unique features under each portal those are different from one another. From audience till owners of some companies have adopted to this virtual world that helps growing merchants to develop and stand tall of their product.

The only difficulty is not all the things are encouraged in these sites, if you want a product to be wide-spread then its uniqueness and features must grab the reader/visitor’s attention in such a way so they start marketing your brand as an affiliate or recommend your goods in some required places.

 You as a producer can share things that will be helpful for any individual before trying it out. Social platforms like helps you to enrich with the fruitfulness of customers especially YouTube. There are millions of people from various continents utilizing this open platform for various entertainment.

From this article you can get to know some ideas and the importance of the STEM education as an effective way of building up the mental thinking ability by teaching them in a provoking way that enhances of building an IQ that is an advanced level for teenagers to think in a multi-tasking way.

Constitutional provisions in education system

Constitutional provision in education

Introduction

India got independence on 15 august 1947 at midnight. There was an urgent need for a constitution to lead the nation. Dr. Rajendra parsad was elected as the president of the constitutional committee. Dr. B. R . Ambedkar was the head of the drafting committee. Our constitution was enacted on 26 november 1949 and enforced on 26 January 1950. It took 2 years 11 month and 18 day to make our constitution. Our constitution has 6 fundamental rights and 20 directive principles in itself.  There were 365 articles and 6 seven fundamental rights initially. 

Our constitution has a preamble. It contains the summary of our whole constitution. 

Constitutional provision: The constitution provision is important for the recognition of access to information as a fundamental right. 

There are many constitutional provisions in the constitution which promote education in India. These constitutional provisions act as security for the people about the access of the rights related to education. There are mainly 11 constitutional provisions.  These articles are 45, 21A, 15(1) (3), 46, 25, 28 (1) (2) (3), 29, 30, 350-A, 351, 239 and  51(A). 

The constitution of India provides free and compulsory education till the age of 14. The 86th amendment of the constitution created the right to education. There would be no discrimintation on the basis of gender (article 15 (1). The constitution also promotes the education for women of weaker sections (46).  Article  21, 28 , 29 and 30 promotes religious education too. Article 51 states that minorities have the right to education. Noone will be discriminated against on the basis of religion, caste , gender or birth place. Article 350-A states that instruction would be in the mother tongue at primary stage. Article 351 promoted Hindi for its development and propagation. 

The government of India provided many provisions to frame a strong structure for the school environment. The aim of these provisions are holistic development of the people of India. The government of India wants to provide inclusive education to all. Many administrations were made for the development and watch out on the education system.  Education is also included in the concurrent list. 

There is a separate ministry for education at centre as well as state level.. The ministry works over the education structure, setting goals and achieving the aims by planning organisation and direction. The ministry of education at centre level directs, controls, and plans for the ministry at state level. The state level ministry works with the guidelines provided by the central government.

The central government also controls the action of private institutions.  The central government shares their funds on education with the state government. There are many pilot projects such as rural education, regional institutions for education and sarva shiksha abhiyan. 

There are three lists in the constitution which are divided as the concurrent, union and states list. The list consists of subjects. Every list has some entity about education. 

The whole constitution promotes education at every level. The preambles, articles and lists promote education at states and union territories level. 

" HOW I LEARNT KINDNESS " based on true incident .

It was a rainy day . The monsoon was on its peak , I was getting ready for my school as it was my economics exam . I need to reach at my school campus at 10:00 O’clock & my school was 3 km away. At 9:45 , I asked my father to drive me to my school as fast as he could . My father took his bike & asked me to come fast . I took my umbrella , we were just crossing our flooded streets , my father stopped hi bike , & asked me to see a girl . I saw that girl , she was from my school only . Dad said she was waiting for rikshaw & every one listening to me right now can imagine how difficult is to get rickshaws in rainy season. I was getting angry because I was getting late for my exam as i can’t afford to leave my exam . I asked him to leave that place. He said , if you are so much concerned about your exam she would also be . He stopped his bike in front of her , asked her to come with us . She got scared . I could feel what what she was feeling . Everybody’s parents aske them the same thing ” DON’T TALK TO STRANGERS”. I looked at her face , I was angry , but could feel that she want some assurance , I asked her to come with us , she hesitated , I said politely ” come ! we are from same school & your security is in my hand “. she smiled . she sat with me, I put my umbrella on her head .

i reached at my school gate at 10:10 , i came off from the bike , so did she . She ran towards the school gate as it was about to close. While she was running , she turned towards us & said ” Thankyou uncle , thankyou Didi ” . On that day I learnt kindness from my dad . Smile on her face can clearly tells us how grateful she was to us or she would have left her exam . If I would be at my dad’s place. I would never stop my bike as it was raining heavily & her daughter is continuously shouting on him to drive fast . But he did , I learnt a lesson that in this world which is full of people who care for themselves , we should be the one who care for others , we should be the one who care for others , we should be the one who have to look & sense others problem . I learnt that people are always concerned about their own problems like me , I was concerned about my exam only , but their are people who are looking at others & their are people who are concerned about others . We should devote few hours of our day to look for others problem , this is what I learnt on that day .

WHAT MAY BE THE REASONS BEHIND INCREASING NUMBER OF DIVORCES ?

The society went through number of shifts in attitude and behavior over the past 80 years and with all these shifts and transitions, the definitions, meanings, lifestyle etc. of people and the life events have also changes. There is change in the beliefs of the people and the meaning of marriage is also redefined and beliefs relating to marriage have also changed significantly. Marriage requires lifelong commitment and is dependent on an individuals fulfillment and satisfaction. With all these shifting’s, the stigma related with divorce has also been eliminated.

With the help of qualitative and quantitative studies it had been seen that there are number of reasons for divorce and some of the major reasons for divorce are lack of commitment, infidelity, and conflict/ arguing. And the most common final straw is domestic violence, infidelity and substance use. In recent decades, there is an increase in number of divorces. The increasing number of divorce is related to various social aspects.

  1. LACK OF PROPER COMMUNICATIONS : Communication is very important when we’re interacting with someone and bad communication can have many impacts on a marriage. It is important to clarify each other’s meanings and concerns, otherwise, it will lead into suspicion, mistrust and arguments and many times it can affect the marriage severely. Arguments in any relationship is not a bad thing and can have healthy results but they can have bad impacts due to lack of communication.
  2. LACK OF COMMITMENT : According to various studies, the major reason behind divorces is the lack of commitment. The commitment gradually erodes until there was not enough commitment for sustaining the relationship and also due to negative events such as infidelity.
  3. ABUSE : When there is abuse in a marriage or in a family then divorce is the best ending and result possible. In some cases it is the husband. While there are some spouses who are able to end and overcome abuse and sometimes with the help of involvement of in laws and elders, the issues can be solved. But everything depends on the attitude and mindset of the person in relationship.
  4. INFIDELITY : Infidelity is considered as a critical turning point in a destroying a relationship and majority of couples end their relationship if they are cheated and due to infidelity. In some cases it is also seen that couples overcome this challenge and find strength to stay together.
  5. ADDICTIONS : Addictions can be in many forms. It can be in the form of alcohol, gambling etc. In many cases it was found that the addicted partner can recover from it and the marriage can be continued but if there is no change and recovery from addictions then it is best for the spouse and children to separate and see if progress is possible. Depending on the circumstance, it can be decided what to do and when to do.
  6. WOMEN’S INDEPENDENCE : Women have become more independent over these years and they are no more dependent on anyone and are no more mere housewives. Women have now become financially, socially, physically and mentally independent and this affects the old aged mentality of many people who believed that women have only one function to play that is nurturing the family. Besides so much advancements, there are many people who have still been hesitant to see women’s progress. And there men who cannot see the progress of women. There are ego clashes which cause dissatisfaction in marriage and lead to divorce.

Evolution of 'Tragedy' in English Drama

Tragedy as known in Dramas is one of the earliest forms of Drama that you can trace back in the history of Drama. With the passage of time ‘Tragedy’ continued to be redefined in history by many famous philosophers as well as playwrights. Both leading us to the present day contemporary Drama which portrays Tragedy in a whole different aspect as compared to the past.

The beginning of Tragic Drama first took place in Greek culture. The well-known stories and myths were the main sources of inspiration for the Tragic plays. The features of the Greek Tragic Drama were as followed. The play involved few actors who themselves played several characters on-stage. There was a norm that tragedy and comedy were never supposed to be mixed. The play strictly followed the three unities in drama known as the unity of place, unity of action and unity of time.

I will now talk about the description of Tragedy in Drama as approached by the early philosophers as well as modern day playwrights. Thus, proving the variations and evolution that took place in the Tragic category of Drama.

As first defined by the great Greek Philosopher Aristotle, a Tragic Drama was a good Tragic Drama if it followed the certain rules as laid out by the Philosopher. The first rule describing the characters of the Drama. According to Aristotle the character had to be good but not too good. This was because the main purpose of the ‘Tragedy’ play was to evoke feelings of pity and sympathy and not any other. This purging of emotions was what he called Catharsis. He also talked about presence of Hamartia in the lead character, which refers to the presence of flaws that later paved way to the tragic aspect of Drama known as the downfall of the protagonist. Aristotle also believed that apart from all this, the action of the play itself had to be proper and of high magnitude.

Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the great poets and writers of the middle English times, gave us why the subjects of tragedy were of ‘High Society’. He explained that the idea of tragedy was to show falseness of human power and wealth. Unlike Aristotle he believed that humble and meekness were the feelings that had to be purged out through tragic plays.

G.W. Hegel a modern philosopher stressed that ‘Tragedy’ in English Dramas had to have a moral conflict. A conflict between two rights.

The present day modern dramas are highly influenced with the ideas of William Shakespeare about Tragedy in Dramas. William Shakespeare was one of the first playwrights to break away from the restrictions about Tragedy as described by the Greeks, the early philosophers and the playwrights. Though he still followed Aristotle’s concepts of tragedy to some extent but he did not completely follow all of his ideas with regard to Tragedy.

The modern-day Dramas today revolve not just around people of high society but also around the stories of ordinary people, leading to a more realistic feeling in Tragedy. It also breaks away the norm of Tragedy not being mixed up with others genres of Drama. Thus, providing the audience with a combination of genres and a great source of entertainment and learning through Dramas.

How Much Does India Invest In Olympic Athletes?

Postponed by a year due to the pandemic, the Tokyo Olympics is now less than a month away. Last week, the Union Sports Minister Kiren Rijiju urged the people to extend their support to India’s Olympic-bound athletes, the same way they back India’s cricketers. However, India’s abysmal performances at the Olympics is in striking contrast to India’s immense success at cricket. The model of sports governance and financial irregularities are often blamed for the lack of competitive edge in sports other than cricket. So, the most obvious question that comes to our mind is, how much does India invest in the Olympics?

Money allocated for Sports

In the 2020-21 annual budget, the Government of India allocated Rs 2826.92 crore for sports, which meant an increase of mere ₹ 50 crore from the revised estimates of the financial year 2019-20. The Modi government’s flagship sports programme ‘Khelo India’ received a substantial hike of ₹ 312.42 crore and was allocated ₹ 890.42 crore compared to ₹578 crore in 2019-20. On the other hand, the National Sports Development Fund saw a reduction of ₹ 27.15 crore from ₹77.15 crore in 2019-20 to ₹ 50 crore in 2020-21. National Sports Federations saw the highest decrease after Finance Minister allocated ₹ 245 crore, ₹ 55 crore less than the previous financial year, according to The Wire. Even the budget for meritorious sportspersons saw a 40% reduction from the last financial year. It is important to note that the 2020-21 annual budget was presented in January 2020, when the government had no idea of the coming pandemic. It was also supposed to be the year of the Tokyo Olympics.

Target Olympic Podium Scheme

While these are the broad schemes under which Indian sportspersons are funded, the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) provides financial assistance to potential Olympic medal winners. Launched in 2014, TOPS is the flagship programme of the Sports Ministry of India. The top-up funding scheme considers the performance of Indian athletes in the past three years. They are provided with personal coaches and other staff fees, cost of travel during competitions, purchase of equipment, and pocket allowance.

Looking Back At The Last Olympics

In the 2016 Rio Olympic, India spent ₹ 36.85 crore under TOPS, as per Financial Express. Nearly half of that amount was spent on shooting, which was India’s most successful Olympic sport in the previous three games. Shooting is also very expensive, which requires importing equipment from other countries. But shooting failed to bring any medal. Athletics received the second-highest funding of ₹ 7.80 crore in 2016, but India failed to make a mark in the sport. Unfortunately, out of the ₹ 36.85 crore, ₹30.49 crore had gone to disciplines that fell short of goals. Only 1.66 per cent of the total TOPS fund went to the fields that brought India two medals – PV Sindhu in Badminton and Sakshi Malik in wrestling.

Comparison With Other Countries

The United Kingdom allocated close to Rs 9000 crore on sports infrastructure and training in the annual sports budget, whereas India spent only one-third of the UK, Rs 3,200 crore, on youth affairs and sports, before 2016. The UK won 67 medals against India’s two at the Rio Games 2016. Abhinav Bindra had also tweeted back in 2016 that a medal cost UK 5.5 million pounds, and that is the kind of investment India needs to make. Otherwise, we cannot expect much. In the USA, a large number of athletes are privately funded. Individual athletes had started their own funding portal for donations from the general public. Therefore, only 10% of the US Olympic Committee’s finance was spent on athletes in Rio 2016, and the USA finished first. China, on the other hand, is known for its aggressive state-sponsored promotion of sports.

Private Investment In India

Before the 2016 Olympics, Indian Olympic Association (IOA) received donations from Reliance Jio, Amul, Tata Salt, Edelweiss Financial Services, Herbalife, Li Ning, and SBJ. Sakshi Malik had also thanked JSW Sport, a foundation funded by the OP Jindal group, after becoming India’s first medal winner in Rio Games, as reported by Hindustan Times.

However, unlike NSDF, where the contributions and sponsorships are open and documented, private funding to individual athletes is not. And most recently, the JSW Group has come on board to be the official sponsor of Team India in the Tokyo Olympics and has agreed to pledge sponsorship support of ₹ 1 crore to IOA. In 2018, the Sports Ministry earmarked ₹ 100 crore for funding of the athletes for the preparation of Tokyo Olympics 2020, which will take place this year. While the number of medals won cannot be equated to the investments made, since medals are not the only measure of success, India nonetheless needs to invest more and put in a new model of sports governance in action. A

CAUSES OF RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1917

Russian Revolution popularly known as the Russian Revolution of 1917 was a set of two revolutions. 1) February Revolution (according to Julian calendar, otherwise in March for other nations). It overthrew the imperial government.

2) October Revolution (according to Julian calendar, otherwise November for other countries). This revolution placed Bolsheviks in power.

By 1917, the bond between the Czar and Russian population had been broken. Governmental corruption and inefficiency were rampant. Tsar’s reactionary policies of Dissolution of Duma (or the Russian parliament) spread dissatisfaction among public.

But it was government’s inefficient prosecution of World War 2 which led to making the revolution inevitable.

Causes

i) Autocratic Government and its defects

  • Tsar was a despotic ruler. Nicholas II was called ” The Father of Nation”.
  • All administrative decisions were taken by him despite the fact that a Parliament existed.
  • He was the head of the Church, Commander of Army, etc.
  • But the system was defective.

ii) Disability of Bureaucracy’s Army

  • Most officers belonged to rich background. They favoured Czar.
  • The poor and common men were neglected
  • There were no proper facilities for Army.
  • This created frustration.

iii) Social Dissatisfaction

  • The society was divided into two categories-
    • The Haves
    • Have nots
  • The Haves belonged to elite class, they occupied all administrative positions and favoured Despotism.
  • Whereas the the category of Have nots contained all the poverty stricken men deprived of every advantage.

iv) Industrial Revolution

  • Russia was an agricultural society.
  • Industrialisation replaced labours and annual work.
  • This increased further the already high unemployment percentage.
  • Therefore the advancing economy contrasted with the miserable lives of workers.
  • Meanwhile, the Communist ideology of Karl Marx started to spread.

v) Intellectual Revolution

  • Idea of equality nitroduced through French Revolution.
  • The Allied powers in the World War I propagated Democracy and Nationalism.
  • Western Literature translated several important works and the youth was mad to realise that the root cause of backwardness was Autocracy of Tzar.

Later during the second phase of revolution, Lenin and Trotsky headed and overthrew Kerensky’s government.

Results of revolution

  • Lenin became the Prime Minister
  • March Revolution removed Czar and gave powers to middle class.
  • November Revolution established the government fully supported by laborers.

Biomedical Wastes

Our environment is degrading day by day. India with its growing population is also keeping up with the waste generation.

Nowadays pollution is everywhere whether its air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, noise pollution, radioactive pollution and the pollution from E waste what not?

Biomedical Waste( BMW) is any waste produced during the diagnosis treatment or immunization of human or Animal Research activities retaining threat or in the production the testing of biological or in health camps.

Let the waste of the ‘sicks’, not ruin the life of the ‘healthy’

Common generator of Biomedical wastes are :-

  • Hospital
  • Emergency Medical Services
  • Medicinal Research Laboratories
  • offices of physician , dentist, veterinarians
  • home Health Care
  • funeral homes

From WHO stats 2000,the improper treatment of medical waste( primary use of infected needles and syringes) caused 21 million hepatitis B infection and 2, 60, 000 HIV infections worldwide.

During this pandemic situation, we have witnesses another huge list of Biomedical Waste generation in India. India generated over 18000 tons of covid-19 related biomedical waste in starting 4 months of this pandemic. This includes personal protective equipment (PPE), gloves, face mask, head cover, plastic coverall, hezmet suit and syringes among others.

Biomedical Waste during pandemic

Types of Biomedical Waste

Infectious waste

  • Suspected of containing pathogen in a sufficiently large quantity or concentration to result in disease in susceptible host.
  • Cultures and stock of infectious Agent from laboratory.
  • Waste from operation and autopsies on patient with infectious disease.
  • Waste having come into contact with infected hemodialysis patient.

Pathological waste

  • Infectious material containing dead tissue may conceal specially dangerous and communicable infectious Agent.
  • Include – blood, body fluid, tissues, organs, body parts, human foetus etc.
  • Subcategory of pathological waste is Anatomical waste.
    • Consist of identifiable human or animal body parts healthy or otherwise.

Radioactive waste

Colouring code of Biomedical Waste
  • Waste generated during the different application of radioisotopes in biological research on medicine.
  • May contain infectious biological components from Anatomical, research or clinical sources.
  • By product of various nuclear Technology process.
  • Include-
    • Nuclear medicine
    • nuclear research
    • Nuclear power
    • Manufacturing
    • construction
    • Caol
    • Rare Earth mining
    • Nuclear weapon reprocessing

Pharmaceutical waste

  • Contaminated or expired drugs and vaccine as well as antibiotics and pills.
  • Result from many activities and location in health care facilities.
  • Small quantities at households can often be thrown away in the municipal waste stream.
  • But large quantities kept at pharmacies distribution Centre, Hospital etc. be managed to minimise the risk of release or to exposure to the public.

Genotoxic waste

  • Waste from drugs that are used in radiotherapy and units.
  • One of the type of hospital waste that are extremely dangerous and may cause cell mutation or cancer.
  • Cytotoxic drugs are main components.
  • Include –
    • Urine
    • Faeces
    • Vomit treated with Chemicals or cytotoxic drug.

Sharps

  • Object that are Sharp enough to cut or puncture the skin.
  • Transmit infections directly into the bloodstream.
  • Generally treated as highly hazardous medical waste regardless of whether they are contaminated or not.
  • Includes –
    • knife
    • Blades
    • Infusion set
    • Needles
    • Broken Glass
    • Nails
    • Scalpel

Chemical waste

  • Contain radioactive element poses particularly difficult problem of disposal.
  • Includes –
    • Heavy metal from Medical appliance
    • Disinfectant
    • Solvent
  • Difficulty in disposal are partly technical and partly political
    • The radioactive constituent that find their way into groundwater and surface water must be kept to exceedingly small amount for very long time.
    • Fear of mysterious effect of radiation, politician reluctant to consider disposal of radioactive waste in the area of their constituent.

Mawlynnong- India's pride

Located in the east Khasi hills 90 kilometers away from Shillong, in the state of meghalaya is this small village with around 600 inhabitants , which was acclaimed to be the cleanest village in India in 2005. In 2003, it was also acclaimed as the cleanest village in Asia. Known as “God’s own garden” , this small village has already made a big impact on the world by showing the world how the following of all the rules and living in harmony with the nature can help in making this world a beautiful place to co-exist.

How did Mawlynnong became the cleanest village

Back in 1887 when India was still under the British rule, Mawlynnong suffered from a devastating plague which the villagers believed to be the wrath of evil witches and didn’t knew what to do. According to history, Welsh Christian missionaries from Bangladesh were sent to help the people recover from the plague there. The missionnaries took care of the people and started to educate them. They also told them that the plague was not the result of wrath of evil witches, rather it was extreme uncleannliness in the village which caused that plague. The villagers then started to clean their houses as well as every nook and corner of the village . The tradition continues till date. Interestingly, villagers link the tradition of cleanliness to Christianity. They say it is the missionaries that changed their lives and taught them ways to reach God through cleanliness and since then they follow the religion of Christianity. This is the true model of how the superstitions if used positively can bring a large impact.

The villagers also decided to have drainpipes to efficiently remove the filth from their houses and now every single house has a proper and efficient drainage system.

The streets there have beautifully carved bamboo dustbins outside every house and in every public place. The villagers turn the wet compost from the domestic use into manure which they use to grow the vegetables and fruits. The village is a model of the adequate use of every resource available and the best example of recycle and reuse.

Other highlights of this wonderful village

Rain water harvesting is another feature of the village. When it rains, which is a verycommon thing in the state of Meghalaya people collect rainwater even in bottles. The base of the bottle is cut and the inverted bottle is then hanged at the place where it can capture rain drops. The mouth of the bottle is attached to a pipe which is then connected to the washroom and is used in toliets and to clean the floor.

Proper sanitization is another prominent feature here where every house has proper toilets and even the public toilets are healthily maintained.

Also, the village has a 100% literacy rate. Nelson Mandela once rightly said that EDUCATION IS THE ONLY WEAPON WHICH CAN BE USED TO CHANGE THE WORLD. Mawlynnong being the best example of this proverbial fact.

Last but not the least, The living root bridges are the classic feature of the place which also attracts a large number of tourists every year from across the globe. At a time , when humans talk about science and innovation here is an extra ordinary example of bio engineering made by humans in joint partnership with the nature. This man made root bridge was originally constructed by the villagers to cross the overflowing stream during monsoon by intertwining the thick roots of a variety of rubber tree (Ficus elastica), grown on the other side of the stream. The intertwined roots were then kept in a position over the stream such that it can be crossed. The roots were then covered by large rocks and mud to complete the path. Over the years , as the roots grew the bridge became stronger. Each day when any villager spot a new root merging , they immediately join it with the bridge and hence it continued to become strong and stay still bearing the heavy rains of the North Eastern Monsoon.

To see the bridge, one has to take a simple downward trek where the entry fee of Rs. 10 is taken from each visitor to see the bridge which is used for the village development.

How it manages cleanliness even today

Every day at a designated time no matter what the weather is , an appointed set of sweepers come and clean the nook and corner of the village which takes them around an hour. It is the dedication of the people and the fear that if they violate cleanliness even for a day, curse will fall upon them, is the thing which drives them to continuously strive hard to continue with the old age tradition even today.

A place like Mawlynnong which attracts a large number of tourists each year , the cleanliness and the sanitization is hard to maintain but they do it. Plastic bags, smoking and littering is completely banned in the area. Any violators are bound to pay a mandatory hefty fine and sometimes also serve the prison sentence.

It won’t be wrong to say that MAWLYNNONG IS THE TRUE MODEL OF AN IDEAL BEAUTIFUL PLACE which inspires us in so many ways. It tells us that every effort counts .

Economic Benefits of Biodiversity

All of us live in a world where we depend on each other for our needs. Almost all of our needs are met through biodiversity, directly or indirectly. Biodiversity refers to the variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part, this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. Biodiversity in short is our whole environment including flora, fauna, microbes, gases and everything that constitutes our planet earth. It is the foundation of life.

Biodiversity is of great importance when it comes to its economic benefits. Here are some of the economic benefits of biodiversity.

(1) Biodiversity provides us with potential raw materials – Biodiversity provides a great diversity of materials for the construction and fuel including wood, biofuels and plant oils that are directly derived from wild and cultivated plant species.

(2) Food and fresh water – The most important services for the survival of human beings like food and water are provided by the biodiversity. Biodiversity regulates the flow and purification of water.
(3) Organic waste disposal – Biodiversity acts as an organic disposal ground for waste materials, as many things are naturally decomposed in the environment with the help of microbes present in the soil.

(4) Climate and air quality control – Trees provide shade while forests influence rainfall and water availability both locally and regionally. They also play an important role in regulating air quality by removing pollutants from the atmosphere.

(5) Nitrogen fixation – Nitrogen fixation is essential for plant growth and an insufficient quantity of it frequently limits biomass production in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. To increase production of crops, a process called biological nitrogen fixation is implemented through chemical uses, however natural biological nitrogen fixation proves to be healthier and more yielding than the commercial one.

(6) Moderates natural disasters – Extreme weather events or natural hazards include floods, storms, tsunamis, avalanches and landslides. Ecosystems and living organisms create buffer against natural disasters, thereby preventing possible damage. E.g. wetlands can soak up floodwater while trees can stabilize slopes.

(7) Species Habitat – Habitats provide everything that an individual plant or animal needs to survive. Each ecosystem provides different habitats that can be essential for species’ lifecycle.

(8) Medicinal Resources – Ecosystems and their biodiversity provide many medicinal plants used in traditional medicine and as well as provide raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry.

(9) Pollination – Insects and wind pollinate plants and trees, which is essential for propagation and development of fruits, vegetables and seeds.

(10) Biotechnology- Biodiversity has led to an important field of study in science known as biotechnology. Biotechnology refers to the technologies produced from animals, plants and microbes. Biotechnology is of utmost importance because it provides us with various beneficial products and inventions that lead to an advance in our economy and in human life.

(11) Tourism – Ecosystems and biodiversity play an important role for many kinds of tourism, which in turn provides considerable economic benefits and is a vital source of income for many countries.

These are only a few important economic benefits of biodiversity. Biodiversity as a whole has a lot more benefits and is our main sustainer of life. Therefore, we must strive to conserve our biodiversity.

HOW TO CONTROL YOUR EMOTION ?

Benefits of Meditation 101: How To Meditate In Less Time

There is no doubt that emotions play a very important role in the field of games and sports but it is also essential for a sportsperson to have enough control over emotions . If a sportsperson is unable to control his emotion during the competition , it can damage or ruin his sports career . If there is appropriate control over emotions, the emotional energy may be utilised into proper and constructive channels. A number of research studies have shown that we can control our emotions well before the provoking situation occurs. We can prepare ourselves ahead of time. We can take some physical actions , can learn new ways of thinking and understanding how emotions work . Emotions can be controlled up to a desired level by the following methods.

  • Control your breathing : For appropriate control over your emotions you should try to control your breathing whenever you note certain physiological changes such as dry mouth and elevated heart rate . Find a comfortable place. Take a normal breathe first , then start inhalation. Allow your chest to expand as you fill air into your lungs. Take six to ten deep breaths per minute . In this way, you can control your breathing which will ultimately control your emotions .
  • Meditation : Meditation can be used for controlling your emotions. It can be ideal for staying calm in between the rounds of competition . First of all, sit in a comfortable position . After that pick or select a short focus word that has significant meaning for you and that you associate with relaxation . The word may be relax , smooth , calm or easy, etc . Then close your eyes slowly. After that breathe slowly repeating the focus word. Be passive and avoid other thoughts which come into your mind . Continue this process for 10 to 15 times.
  • Repression: Repression means to avoid the undesirable emotions when these arise in an individual . However , there may be some problems in using this method because sometimes the undesirable emotions may enter into unconscious mind and later on these burst spontaneously with greater force.
  • Introspection: It may be applicable for educated individuals . They can introspect themselves in the stages of different emotions. As soon as they start introspection into themselves, emotions are usually vented out .
  • Redirection: Redirection means the change of direction in the display of emotions.

Books- Our best companion

INTRODUCTION

Our best companies are books because they provide us with knowledge and comfort of mind.

Despite the fact that we have family and friends with whom we may discuss our opinions, we believe that books are the finest way to live a life full of wisdom and without explanation.

A book may be the one thing that one may read all day and leave all of their difficulties behind.

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Although a book might provide us with knowledge, we should never expect us to remain obedient to the information provided. Books can also teach you about other facets of life.

Books are regarded for providing unbiased and reliable information. Books provide us with reliable research and information on a subject.

Like a wonderful buddy, good books approach our minds with knowledge and nice thoughts.

It is true that books are our best friends. Books will not abandon us in the face of adversity. They will be a terrific company for us at all times.

There are a lot of fantastic books out there that can help us modify our minds. To be motivated and inspired in our daily lives, we need a lot of good thoughts.

Learning new abilities by reading a book is a great approach to do so.

We can gain a comprehensive understanding of a subject. When we are feeling lonely, we can curl up with a nice book. I can assure you that you will begin to feel better. We must constantly avoid reading terrible novels.

A poor book can destroy your head and cause you to think negatively. That is why, before selecting a book, we should seek recommendations from friends or the internet.

Books can be expensive to purchase at times, but investing in a good book is well worth it. Money cannot be used to measure knowledge. That is why you should never stop purchasing books.

The public library has a lot of free books. If you like to read, you can also borrow books from your friends and elders. When you’re having a bad day and are feeling down, books can assist. Books can help you get out of a bind.

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We can learn many good things while reading a good book.

Books written by famous and experienced people helps us to become a better human being and also teach us how to serve the society in the best possible way.

When we are alone, we can always pick up a book and start reading to feel relax.

FAMOUS QUOTES

Good friends, good books, and a sleepy conscience: this is the ideal life.- Mark Twain

A great book should leave you with many experiences, and slightly exhausted at the end. You live several lives while reading.- William Styron

QUALITIES WE CAN LEARN FROM GOOD BOOKS

Being smart entails having a strong learning ability.

Brave: Willing to tackle challenges head on.

Nothing is impossible if you keep trying.

Demonstrate compassion by expressing positive thoughts toward people.

Don’t Insult Anyone: Be humble.

Always be grateful for what others have done for you.

Help others: Be a source of assistance to everyone.

Be Positive: Enjoy yourself in whatever you do.

Respect for people and their property is one of the most important moral values.

REFERENCES

http://www.vowelor.com

http://www.paragraphbuzz.com

Nutritive Tomatoes

Tomato is one of the common vegetables in our kitchen. Everywhere in the world You will be able to see tomato. Tomato is an edible berry type of vegetable and its binomial name is Solanumly copersicum. Its origin is western South America and Central America. Tomato is originally color in red but some types of tomato are color yellow, purple, green etc. It tastes sour or sweet or both in the sometime.

Colorful Tomatoes

Tomatoes Diversity

Various type of tomato:

  1. Cherry tomatoes: They are size of a cherry. They are sweet juicy and tender and looks so beautiful. They are mostly used in salad and snacks. They test sour more than sweet. It can be red, yellow, purple and other colors.
  2. Grape tomatoes: They are much smaller than Cherry tomatoes and very tasty. It is also used in salads, grilling, roasting, snacking. They are crispy and juicy.
  3. Red Beefsteak tomatoes: They are mild in taste, juicy and in medium size. They are good to make sauces and salad, grill and Salsa.
  4. Roma tomatoes: They are quite larger than Cherry tomatoes. They are Tangy, have few seeds and meaty. It is good to make sauce and sandwich.
  5. Green beef steak tomato: They are colour in bright light green and in large size and very Meaty. It tastes tangy, tarty. It is eaten as sauce salsa pickling or by juice.
  6. Heirloom tomatoes: They are in various colour like light red dark brown red yellow etc. They are Meaty, firm, tangy or sweets and with good textures. It is used in soup, sandwich and roasting purpose. These are not the only variety of tomatoes. There is also Cocktail tomato, tomatoes on the vine, Green tomato, plum tomato, yellow tomato, pear tomato, Brandywine tomatoes, Cherokee purple tomatoes, black krim tomato, celebrity tomato and many more.
  • Cherry tomatoes
    • Red Grape Tomatoes
  • Red Beefsteak tomatoes
  • Roma tomatoes
  • Green beef steak tomato
  • Heirloom tomatoes
    • Pear tomatoes
    Black Krim Tomato
    Plum Tomato
    Tomato on vines
    Yellow Tomatoes
    Tomato as Snakes

    How to eat: Tomato is a vegetable which can be eaten in both cooked and uncooked way. Tomato is a very important ingredient in salad. Tomato soup are very tasty and healthy. There is also other type of dishes are available and you all know about tomato sauce /ketch up which are very common and popular and it taste sweet and sour.

    Tomato soup
    Tomato Salad

    Nutrition value: According to USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) the nutrients present in 100-gram raw tomato is –

    1. Fat 0.2g with 0% daily value.
    2. No saturated fat is present.
    3. No cholesterol 5 mg sodium with 0% daily value.
    4.  237mg potassium with 6% daily value.
    5. 3.9 g carbohydrates with 1% daily value.
    6. 1.2g dietary fiber with 4% daily value.
    7. 2.6 gm of sugar.
    8.  0.9 gm of protein with 1% Daily value.
    9. 22% daily value of Vitamin C.
    10. 5% daily value of Vitamin B6.
    11. 1% daily value of calcium.
    12.  2% daily value of magnesium.
    13. 1% daily value of iron.
    14. Tomato does not contain any cholesterol, fat, vitamin D.
    15. Tomato contains 95% water.
    16. It gives away almost 18 Cal energy.
    17. Tomato is a very good source of vitamin C, fiber, Vitamin A.
    18. Tomato also contains folate(or vitamin B9),Vitamin K, and some antioxidants (Lycopene, beta carotene, chlorogenic acid, Naringenin) etc.
    Tomato for Health

    Health benefits:

    1. lycopene is an antioxidant which prevents the growth of Cancer cells in our body. Tomato contains good amount of lycopene. So, tomato fight against Cancer. Research says that risk chances of prostate cancer can be reduced by consuming tomato.
    2. Tomato is a very good source of vitamin C wards off the Common health disease like common cold, flu. So, tomato is very good vegetable for preventing these common health problems.
    3. Tomato is a healthy diet vegetable as it has very low amount of fat and cholesterol and helps to lose the body weight.
    4. As I have said before, Tomato has lots of Vitamin A. Vitamin A specially zeaxanthin and lutein (a form of Vitamin A) are important for our retina. So, tomato is very good for our eyesight.
    5. Tomato contains many antioxidants which improves our skin health and make our skin much glowing and protects from Sunburn.
    6. Lycopene, Vitamin A, Vitamin E and Vitamin C are good nutrients for our heart. Lycopene helps to reduce the bad LDL cholesterol in blood and thus it protects our heart from various heart health issue including heart attack.

    The Story of Spice King Of India From A Tonga Driver To A Millionaire

    Hi everybody , one of the most iconic business Maharajas of India whose name was Mahashay Dharampal Gulati. This is a story of a man who went from being a tonga driver to building an empire with an operating revenue of 2000 crores. And the reason why his story is even more special is because he built a business during a time when people were struggling hard even to stay alive because back then India was still recovering from the massacres of partition.

     Dharampal Ji was born in the year 1923 in Sialkot, which today, falls in modern-day Pakistan in a Hindu family which had high ideals of honesty and simplicity. And since childhood, he was a carefree kid but with a sheer will to do something extraordinary. 

    Gulati Ji, since childhood, experienced a lot of failures, he first dropped out of school in class 5 and tried doing several jobs where he couldn’t find any fulfilment. 

    Then he tried selling Mehendi (Henna) from street to street. and even that did not work out. Then, his father tried to set up a separate shop for him and his brother and eventually, even that venture failed. So after spending years trying to do different kinds of jobs like selling wood, mirrors he finally decided to settle in and start running his father’s spice shop which at that time was named as Mahashian Di Hatti. 

    But when he was just 25 years old and he began to settle down in his business and his business began to pick up the India-Pakistan partition happened. and within a midnight, the entire nation was in chaos. And because Sialkot became a part of Pakistan soon enough there was such a massive bloodshed that hundreds of innocent people were being killed due to the Hindu-Muslim riots. 

    During that time they somehow managed to board a train that brought them to Amritsar and people, if you have seen the movie ‘Bhaag Milkha Bhaag’ you would pretty much have an idea of how terrible the situation of partition was. In fact, the very train that Gulati Ji’s family boarded had the dead bodies of the people who had been killed due to the massacres of partition.

     So, he stayed in the refugee camp of Amritsar for quite some time and then decided to move to Delhi wherein he became a tonga driver. Now people, back then he was already married for 7 years because he got married at the early age of 18. So he had responsibilities on his shoulders to provide good life for his family.

     But then after a few months he understood that tonga driver’s profession was not good enough to provide a good life for his family. And that is when he decided to restart his father’s business and set up a small spice shop in Delhi. And that is when he named his shop Mahashian Di Hatti which today is known by the name MDH

    Now, people, even after partition India was still struggling hard to recover from the massacres of partition. There were millions of people who had lost their everything and India as a country was in a state of poverty wherein 80% of the entire country’s population lived below the poverty level. 

    So, the markets, in general, never focused on quality because if you had to produce quality product during that time it would increase the cost of production, it would decrease your margins of profit and most importantly, because the cost of the product will increase majority of the peope will not be able to afford it eventually, resulting into decrease in sales. 

    So running a viable business during that time by selling quality products was practically impossible. So, the majority of the poducts that were being sold in he market including milk and salt were being completely . 

    For example, milk was being mixed with a lot of water to increase the quantity. And to compensate for the density, even harmful chemicals were used. Similarly, yellow soil was mixed with haldi (turmeric) and sawdust was being mixed with dhaniya (coriander) powder. And just like that, even spices were being adulterated to a large extent because it was practically impossible for a common man to be able to understand the difference between pure spices and adulterated spices.

    But even during that time Gulati Ji poured his blood and sweat and always made sure that his shop always sold pure spices. Because he believed that the primary intent of any business should not be to make money but to do great service. And money should always be a bi-product of great service.

    That is why Gulati Ji worked very hard to monitor every single process of the production of spices just so that he can give a common man of India, a taste of pure spices And people can you imagine how difficult it would have been ? 

    He had to keep the cost low just so that he can match the cost of the adulterated spices. Number two, he had to keep his margins very thin because his cost of production was way higher as compared to adulterated spices. 

    And most importantly he was making very less money, inspite of making the best product in the market. But all throughout these difficult times, this great man worked tirelessly with the hope that he’ll be able to build a brand one day that the mother of a common household can blindly trust upon when she makes a meal for her family. And guess what ? 

    Slowly and steadily, people began to realize the differnce between Gulati Ji’s spices and the adulterated spices and soon enough people started to line up at his shop just to buy his products. And that is how Gulati Ji’s small shop- Mahashian Di Hatti Masale as in, MDH masale, became a popular brand in Delhi. 

    And as his business started growing, he started to recruit his friends and family into his business with the hope that they will be able to stand by his belief of providing excellent quality spices to people. And he also started outsourcing a few processes like powdering turmeric. 

    And yet again, when everything looked well, he faced even tougher challenges and here’s where ordinary people like you and me have something very important lesson to learn. 

    People, Gulati Ji was a person who did every small thing in his shop starting from the raw material transportation to the grinding of spices, he participated in every single activity and that is the reason why he soon enough became an expert in finding out even a little bit of adulteration in his spices.

     So, when he was scaling up he was able to maintain the same excellent quality standards that he used to maintain while he was selling spices from his small shop. And because of his sharpness and diligence he was able to spot certain loopholes in his system which could have completely destroyed his business altogether.

     Because soon enough he discovered that the contractor who was powdering his turmeric was actually mixing Chana Dal to adulterate the turmeric powder. And when he spotted similar practices being followed in a lot of these outsourcing ventures.

     He understood that this loophole would betray the trust of his customers. And just to keep the trust of his customers he ended all of his outsourcing practices and poured in his entire life saving to open up his own factory wherein he could powder all the spices.

     And not just that. He was betrayed by his childhood friend who used to take a commission on every single material which used to come in from the supplier. And many of his friends and family who were supposed to help him grow, started causing a lot of troubles while this man was putting his blood and sweat just to make sure that he can sell pure spices to the mothers of India. 

    And that is how, by facing a lot of hurdles Gulati Ji was able to establish a brand which the mothers of India could trust. And that is how due to the incredible hard work of Gulati Ji, today, people like you and me have the luxury of having mouth watering dishes like Chole Batture and Pav Bhaaji.

     And in this world where people talk about retiring at the age of 30 and people like you and me who often feel lazy inspite of achieving nothing. This legendary person was shooting for an advertisement even at the age of 97. 

    So because of this incredible dedication and persistence combined with extraordinary business acumen today, MDH has reached a level wherein it exports its spices to US, China, Vietnam, UAE, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, UK, Germany, Singapore, Sri Lanka with US exports alone valued at $351.6 million. And all of this put together, turned Gulati Ji into one of those icons because of whom India, today, is known for spices all across the world.

     Now the question is- What can we learn from this incredible story of the king of spice ?

     Lesson 1, we all need to realize that optimism is the faith that leads to greatness and the real test of optimism is how you choose to react even during the times of calamity just like partition in Gulati Ji’s life. While and optimist will try to see an opportunity in every difficulty, a pessimist will try to see difficulty even during the times of great opportunity. 

    Lesson 2, while outsourcing is essential for scaling up of any business it is also important to note that outsourcing along with a lot of growth will also bring in a lot of loopholes. So, as a leader of a business organisation it is important that you do all the petty works in the beginning because what might look like petty experience in the beginning will eventually help you find the loopholes in your business which could potentially destroy your whole business. 

    And last and most importantly, each one of us needs to understand that greatness comes at a cost that very few people can afford. For example, at that time, very few people could actually settle in for less profits by selling pure spices.

     Very few people had the ability to put in the hardwork to have a look at every single process just so that they could sell pure spices and keep the trust of an innocent mother when she wanted to make something tasty for her family because very few people understand that the cost of greatness cannot be paid with stacks of currency notes but with every ounce of blood and sweat that you put in to achieve it.

     Because at the end of the day, greatness comes at a cost of persistence. And once a great man said that “Nothing in this world can take place of good old persistence. Talent will not, which is why in this world there is nothing more common than unsuccessful men with talent. 

    Genius will not, which is why unrecognised genius is practically a cliché. Education will not, which is why the world is full of educated fools. 

    Persistence and determination alone are all powerful.” In our case they were powerful enough to turn an ordinary refugee into the spice king of India who will live in our hearts forever. Thank you.