Tag: science and technology

Creating a ultimate chat bot

 What type of chatbot are you using? What color is your chatbot? just joking! Chatbot basically plays an important role or essential role in the upcoming future focusing on teenagers most. what does make us different and others the same? it’s a priority that we focus on slang language and its improving human and AI connection. Instead of grabbing every feature, we focus on college/school students and the primary goal is to make a reliable and student-friendly chatbot where they can learn and develop at the same time. 

Developer mode isn’t being provided by every other software whereas we provide it free of cost and let them develop apps with us.

Key achievements of the Department of Space for the last 8 years

 Indian Space Programme and its ecosystem have been in a state of unprecedented vibrancy with various achievements. The glimpse of key milestones embraced by the department since 2014 till date is highlighted as below:

Key missions

  • Altogether 44 spacecraft missions, 42 launch vehicle missions and 5 technology demonstrators, have been successfully realized, since 2014 till date.
  • In January 2014, the first successful flight with indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage, in the GSLV-D5 launch vehicle was achieved and GSAT-14 was placed into GTO.
  • In September 2014, India’s Mars Orbiter Spacecraft successfully entered into an orbit around planet Mars, putting India into a league of select nations which had sent a spacecraft to the Red Planet. The spacecraft is still functional even after 7 years of operation against the designed life of 6 months and serving nation with a lot of interesting science data.
  • In December 2014, the country witnessed the experimental flight of the next generation launch vehicle – the GSLV MKIII. The LVM3-X/CARE Mission, the first experimental suborbital flight of the vehicle, launched the Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry experiment (CARE).
  • AstroSat launched by PSLV in September 2015, is the first dedicated Indian astronomy mission aimed at studying celestial sources in X-ray, optical and UV spectral bands simultaneously. AstroSat has made major breakthroughs by discovering five new galaxies.
  • ISRO has established and operationalised Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) which provides highly accurate Position, Navigation and Time information to users in India and its surroundings. A total of 7 satellites form the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System [IRNSS] – all launched by PSLV, with IRNSS-1G completing the constellation in 2016. 
  • Various NavIC based services have been rolled out in many key sectors like  – integration of NavIC-enabled devices with the enrolment architecture of UIDAI Aadhar enrolment, incorporation of NavIC in the Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) network, In agricultural drones and Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) etc.
  • Successful flight testing of Reusable Launch Vehicle-Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) was done on May 23, 2016 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota. RLV-TD is one of the most technologically challenging endeavours of ISRO towards developing essential technologies for a fully reusable launch vehicle to enable low cost access to space.
  • The first experimental mission of ISRO’s Scramjet Engine towards the realisation of Air Breathing Propulsion System was also successfully conducted in 2016 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota.
  • In 2017, PSLV C-37 created a world record by successfully placing 104 satellites in orbit during a single launch.
  • As idea mooted by the Hon’ble Prime Minister in 18th SAARC summit, ISRO has launched the 2.2 Ton communication satellite in 2017 to support neighbouring countries.
  • The first developmental mission of GSLV Mk-III D1 was successfully accomplished in June-2017 and boosted GSAT-19 satellite into geosynchronous transfer orbit.
  • ISRO demonstrated a crucial technology element of Human spaceflight in July 2018- The Pad Abort Test (PAT) to qualify the Crew Escape System (CES). The Pad Abort Test flight was a demonstration of the capability of CES to evacuate the Crew in case of a contingency at launch Pad.
  • In the Independence Day address – 2018, the Hon’ble Prime Minister announced the “Gaganyaan Programme”, marking India’s foray into the new age of human space exploration.
  • GSAT-29 high throughput communication satellite was successfully launched on November 14, 2018, on-board GSLV Mk III-D2. It is providing satellite based connectivity to Jammu & Kashmir and North Eastern regions of India.
  • In 2018, ISRO’s next generation high throughput communication satellite, GSAT-11 was successfully launched on December 05, 2018 from Kourou, French Guiana by Ariane-5 VA-246. Weighing about 5854 kg, GSAT-11 is the heaviest satellite built by ISRO.
  • India’s second mission to Moon, Chandrayaan-2 was successfully launched on July 22, 2019 on-board GSLV Mk III-M1, first operational flight of this new launch vehicle. Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter is providing valuable science data for the research community.
  • The launch of PSLV-C48/ RISAT-2BR1 in Dec 2019 marked the 50th launch of PSLV, the workhorse launch vehicle.
  • Quantum entanglement based real time Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) over 300m atmospheric channel along with quantum-secure text, image transmission and quantum-assisted two-way video calling was demonstrated on 27 January 2022.
  • The Hon’ble Minister of State (Department of Space) dedicated ISRO System for Safe & Sustained Operations Management (IS4OM) to the nation in  Jul-2022.
  • LVM3 (GSLV MkIII) M2/OneWeb India-1 Mission was successfully accomplished on 23rd October 2022. With this launch, LVM3 exemplifies Atmanirbharata and enhances India’s competitive edge in the global commercial launch service market.
  • As part of Gaganyaan programme, new Test Vehicle for testing critical systems is developed. ‘Integrated Main Parachute Airdrop Test (IMAT)’ of crew module deceleration system was successfully carried out at Babina Field Fire Range (BFFR), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh on 18th November 2022.
  • ISRO successfully demonstrated new technology with Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (IAD) – a game changer with multiple applications for future missions.
  • Recently, PSLV-C54 was successfully launched EOS-06 satellite on 26th   November 2022 along with Eight Nano-satellites including INDIA-BHUTAN SAT (INS-2B).

Academic support, Capacity building and Outreach

  • In order to boost the space research activities, Space Technology Incubational Centres (STIC) at some of the key locations of the country were established, since 2018. Under this initiative, at present, nine Space Technology Cells (STC) are operational at academic institutions, six Space Technology Incubational Centres (STIC) are operational at Agartala, Trichy, Jalandhar, Rourkela, Nagpur & Bhopal and six Regional Academic Centre for Space (RACS) at Varanasi, Kurukshetra, Jaipur, Guwahati, Suratkal & Patna. Recently, Satish Dhawan Centre for Space Sciences is jointly established by ISRO/DoS and Central University of Jammu. A number of Non-Disclosure agreements (NDAs) and MOUs have been signed between ISRO and Academia.
  • In June 2018, India announced a capacity building training programme UNNATI (UNispace Nanosatellite Assembly &Training by ISRO) on Nanosatellites development through a combination of theoretical coursework and hands-on training on Assembly, Integration and Testing (AIT). First batch of UNNATI Programme was conducted from 15th January to 15th March 2019 wherein 30 participants from 17 countries had benefitted. Second batch was held in Oct-Dec 2019 and third batch was held in Oct-Dec 2022. 
  • In 2019, ISRO launched an annual special programme called “Young Scientist Programme” or the “YUva VIgyani KAryakram” (YUVIKA) in 2019, in line with the Government’s vision “Jai Vigyan, Jai Anusandhan”. The Program is primarily aimed at imparting basic knowledge on Space Technology, Space Science and Space Applications to the young talents with the intent of encouraging them in the fascinating domain of outer space. Second batch of YUVIKA programme was held in May 2022.
  • Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Social Alpha today signed an MoU in Dec 2022 to launch SpaceTech Innovation Network (SpIN), India’s first dedicated platform for innovation curation and venture development for the burgeoning space entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Reforms and enhanced participation of industries

  • In 2019, the NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) got incorporated, as a wholly owned Government of India Undertaking/ Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE), under the administrative control of Department of Space (DOS), to enable Indian Industries to scale up high-technology manufacturing base for space programme and to commercially exploit the products and services emanating from the Indian Space Programme for meeting the domestic and global customer needs
  • On June 26, 2020, the Government of India announced Space Sector Reforms – a major transformation of Indian Space Sector with enhanced participation of private players in Indian space programme and playing key roles to boost India’s market share in Global Space Economy. IN-SPACe Headquarters at Ahmedabad was inaugurated by the Hon’ble Prime Minister in Jun-2022.
  • Setting up of Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) and enhancing the role New Space India Limited (NSIL) are the two major thrust areas in the Reform.
  • The establishment of IN-SPACe was announced in June 2020 by Government of India, as an autonomous body under Department of Space, to create eco-system of industry, academia and start-ups and to attract major share in the global space economy, by authorizing and regulating activities of NGEs in space sector through detailed guidelines and procedures.
  • Launch of Vikram-S (Prarambh mission), a suborbital launch vehicle from M/s Skyroot Aerospace Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, was accomplished successfully on 18th November 2022.
  • First private launchpad & mission control center established by M/s Agnikul Cosmos Pvt. Ltd., Chennai in ISRO campus at SDSC, SHAR on 25th November 2022. Agnilet Semi-cryogenic rocket engine developed by Agnikul was successfully hot tested at ISRO facility on 04th November 2022.
  • HAL and L&T consortia will be Indian Industry partner for end-to-end production of 5 Nos. of PSLV, with a contract value of Rs. 824 crores.
  • Two nano-satellites from Indian space start-up M/s DhruvaSpace were launched as a rideshare passenger in PSLV-C54 mission. Gen-1 satellites from M/s OneWeb was launched using LVM3 (GSLV Mk-III).
  • GSAT-24 communication satellite which is the first demand driven mission of NSIL was launched from Kourou, French Guiana, in June 2022.
  • NSIL has signed 19 Technology Transfer Agreements and has successfully transferred 8 ISRO developed Technologies to Indian Industry.
  • Indian Space Policy – 2022 policy is cleared by the Space Commission. The Policy has undergone extensive deliberations with industry groups, inter-ministerial consultations, has been reviewed by Empowered Technology Group and is under further approval process.

Disaster Management

Monitoring flood inundation (about 250+ flood inundation maps/ flood season), generation of flood hazard zonation atlases (Assam, Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh) of flood prone states, developing flood early warning models (Brahmaputra, Godawari & Tapi), multiple daily detections & dissemination of active forest fires (>35,000 detections/ forest fire season), forecasting cyclone track; intensity & landfall, damage assessment due to earth quakes and landslides, etc. were carried out.

COVID-19 related supports

During the COVID-19 pandemic period, devices like Mechanical Ventilator & Medical Oxygen Concentrator were developed and the technologies are transferred to Indian industries.

Application of Science and Technology in Defence Sector

 The Government has undertaken a number of policy initiatives for indigenous manufacturing of state-of-the-art defence products by utilising the applications of science and technology in defence sector. These initiatives, inter-alia, include: –

 

  • In order to promote indigenous design and development of defence equipment ‘Buy {Indian-IDDM (Indigenously Designed, Developed and Manufactured)}’ category has been accorded top most priority for procurement of capital equipment.
  • An innovation ecosystem for Defence titled Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) has been launched in April, 2018. iDEX is aimed at creation of an ecosystem to foster innovation and technology development in Defence and Aerospace by engaging Industries including Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), Start-ups, Individual Innovators, Research & Development (R&D) institutes and Academia and provide them grants/funding and other support to carry out R&D which has potential for future adoption for Indian defence and aerospace needs.
  • To enable adoption of Artificial Intelligence in defence, Defence AI Council (DAIC) and Defence AI Project Agency (DAIPA) has been created. Further, an AI roadmap has also been finalized.
  • Specific provisions have been introduced in DAP-2020under ‘Buy and Make (Indian)’ and ‘Buy (Global – Manufacture in India)’ category, wherein indigenous production is carried out with Transfer of Technology (ToT) from foreign OEM.
  • Discharge of offset obligations by foreign OEMs through ToT to Indian enterprises including government institutions has been incorporated. 
  • Government has notified the ‘Strategic Partnership (SP)’ Model which envisages establishment of long-term strategic partnerships with Indian entities through a transparent and competitive process, wherein they would tie up with global Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to seek technology transfers to set up domestic manufacturing infrastructure and supply chains.
  • Defence Research & Development (R&D) has been opened up for industry, start-ups and academia with 25 percent of defence R&D budget earmarked, to promote development of defence technology in the country.
  • Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) identified nine thrust areas for focused research, namely Platforms, Weapon System, Strategic Systems, Sensors & Communication Systems, Space, Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics, Material &Devices and Soldier Support.
  • Technology Development Fund (TDF) Scheme also funds industries, especially – Start-ups and MSMEs up to an amount of Rs. 10 Crore, for innovation, research and development of defence Technologies in the field of defence and Aerospace.

 

As a result of these initiatives, many State-of-the-art products including 155mm Artillery Gun system ‘Dhanush’, Light Combat Aircraft ‘Tejas’, Surface to Air Missile system ‘Akash’, Main Battle Tank ‘Arjun’, T-90 Tank, T-72 Tank, Armoured Personnel Carrier ‘BMP-II/IIK’, Su-30 MK1, Cheetah Helicopter, Advanced Light Helicopter, Dornier Do-228, High Mobility Trucks, INS Kalvari, INS Khanderi, INS Chennai, Anti-Submarine Warfare Corvette (ASWC), Arjun Armoured Repair and Recovery Vehicle, Bridge Laying Tank, Bi-Modular Charge System (BMCS) for 155mm Ammunition, Medium Bullet Proof Vehicle (MBPV), Weapon Locating Radar (WLR), Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS), Software Defined Radios (SDR), Lakshya Parachute for Pilotless Target Aircraft, Opto Electronic Sights for Battle Tanks, Water Jet Fast Attack Craft, Inshore Patrol Vessel, Offshore Patrol Vessel, Fast Interceptor Boat, Landing Craft Utility, 25 T Tugs, etc. have been produced in the country during the last few years.

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle designed and developed by DRDO, has been successfully tested in fully autonomous mode. This flight marks a major milestone in terms of proving critical technologies towards the development of future unmanned aircraft and is a significant step towards self-reliance in such strategic defence technologies.

 

Xiaomi Looking To Supercharge Displays In Its Mid-Range Phones.

According to a new report, Xiaomi is planning to supercharge displays in its mid-range Android phones. The company is looking to bring LTPO displays that go down to 1Hz to its mid-range smartphones.

Xiaomi is planning to supercharge displays in its mid-range smartphones
This will, of course, help with power consumption. Those displays can dynamically raise or lower their refresh rates, from 1Hz to the max they offer, usually 120Hz. Pretty much all LTPO panels we’ve seen go all the way up to 120Hz.

This information comes from Digital Chat Station, a well-known tipster. Xiaomi is seemingly testing such a display in one of its mid-range smartphones. That display supports a 120Hz refresh rate, can go down to 1Hz, and it also offers DC dimming.

Xiaomi has been offering 120Hz displays in its mid-range smartphones for a while now. That includes Redmi and POCO phones as well. So, this move is not surprising, LTPO panels were expected to be offered in some mid-range devices sooner or later.

Xiaomi is a company that tends to offer really well-specced phones for reasonable price tags, so this is their forte. It remains to be seen what phone will break the ice, though.

LTPO displays have been around for quite some time now, and they keep evolving
LTPO displays have been around for quite some time now, and we’re seeing the third-gen of this tech in flagship smartphones these days. Not all LTPO displays can go way down to 1Hz, though, keep that in mind.

Many people value great displays, high refresh rates, and certainly displays that require less power to run at the same time. Some OEMs are still way behind in that regard, but Xiaomi is not one of them.

We also don’t know when will the first mid-range Xiaomi smartphone with such a display see the light of day, nor how much will it cost. Such a phone is now in testing, so it may take Xiaomi a bit of time to deliver it.

Xiaomi Looking To Supercharge Displays In Its Mid-Range Phones.

According to a new report, Xiaomi is planning to supercharge displays in its mid-range Android phones. The company is looking to bring LTPO displays that go down to 1Hz to its mid-range smartphones.

Xiaomi is planning to supercharge displays in its mid-range smartphones
This will, of course, help with power consumption. Those displays can dynamically raise or lower their refresh rates, from 1Hz to the max they offer, usually 120Hz. Pretty much all LTPO panels we’ve seen go all the way up to 120Hz.

This information comes from Digital Chat Station, a well-known tipster. Xiaomi is seemingly testing such a display in one of its mid-range smartphones. That display supports a 120Hz refresh rate, can go down to 1Hz, and it also offers DC dimming.

Xiaomi has been offering 120Hz displays in its mid-range smartphones for a while now. That includes Redmi and POCO phones as well. So, this move is not surprising, LTPO panels were expected to be offered in some mid-range devices sooner or later.

Xiaomi is a company that tends to offer really well-specced phones for reasonable price tags, so this is their forte. It remains to be seen what phone will break the ice, though.

LTPO displays have been around for quite some time now, and they keep evolving
LTPO displays have been around for quite some time now, and we’re seeing the third-gen of this tech in flagship smartphones these days. Not all LTPO displays can go way down to 1Hz, though, keep that in mind.

Many people value great displays, high refresh rates, and certainly displays that require less power to run at the same time. Some OEMs are still way behind in that regard, but Xiaomi is not one of them.

We also don’t know when will the first mid-range Xiaomi smartphone with such a display see the light of day, nor how much will it cost. Such a phone is now in testing, so it may take Xiaomi a bit of time to deliver it.

Apple Releases New Safari Technology Preview With MacOS Ventura Features

AppleInsider is supported by its audience and may earn commission as an Amazon Associate and affiliate partner on qualifying purchases. These affiliate partnerships do not influence our editorial content.

Apple has released a new version of Safari Technology Preview with features included in the company’s upcoming macOS Ventura update.

Safari Technology Preview is an experimental browser designed to test features that could be released in new versions of Safari. The company on Tuesday released Safari Technology Preview 147, with several macOS Ventura features.

The new browser version includes Live Text, support for Apple Passkeys, and improved Safari Web Extensions, among other features. However, some features are missing, such as Tab Groups syncing, Website Settings, and Web Extensions.

With the release, users who are currently on macOS Monterey will be able to test out some of those new features without downloading the beta version of macOS Ventura.

Apple’s full release notes for the Safari Technology Preview version are available below.

Live Text. Select and interact with text in videos or translate text in images on the web in macOS Ventura betas on Apple Silicon-based Macs.

Web technologies. Experience and test the HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other web technologies that are available in Safari 16 Beta and included in previous Safari Technology Preview releases.

Web Push. Send notifications to people who opt-in on your website or web app with Safari Technology Preview on macOS Ventura betas.

Passkeys. Preview the new type of phishing-resistant credential that makes signing in to websites safer and easier. Available through Safari’s WebAuthn platform authenticator. To learn more about passkeys, see Meet passkeys.

Improved Safari Web Extensions. Test out API improvements including the ability to open a Safari Web Extension popover programmatically.

Web Inspector Extensions. Build custom tooling or convert existing developer tools extensions to use in Web Inspector.

Flexbox Inspector. Use the new visualization overlay in Web Inspector to help you more quickly and easily understand the layout of elements with Flexbox. It marks both the free space and gaps between flex items to reveal how they affect the result.

THE WONDERS OF SCIENCE

Science can be explained as the systematic knowledge of natural or physical phenomena.

We live in an age of science. Perhaps men have more faith in science today than Greeks had in their gods in ancient times. We talk about it more than we talk about ourselves. To an ignorant man, science is a deity that performs astonishing deeds; to a wise man it is a maid-servant who acts according to his own sweet will, and to an ordinary man, it is a wonder of wonders.

Science plays a great role in our life today. It has completely changed our outlook and ways of life. Science helps us and stands at our command in every sphere of our activities. Nowadays nothing can be done without science.

Science has enabled man to conquer the force of nature. For instance, science has provided very swift means of travel and communications. The steam engine, the motor car now the airplane have almost annihilated time and space. Today man can fly like birds, he can swim like fish in the sea.

The wonderful invention of wireless telegraphy helps us to send messages in the twinkling of an eye from one corner of the world to another. The value of wireless telegraphy is best seen in moments of trouble.

Wireless has led to the use of the radio, which is quickly becoming a means of education. Of late, a further improvement, known as television has been made. The radio brings us only the voice of the people but the television enables us to see these people on the screen as well.

Inventions and discoveries of science have also revolutionized agriculture, industry, medicine, surgery, and education.

The wonders of science are equally manifested in medicine and surgery. Wonderful medicines like penicillin and streptomycin have been invented to check and cure the most dangerous diseases.

These are some of the glories and wonders of science. Scientists are the backbone of modern civilization.