Big-bang model, widely held theory of the evolution of the universe. Its essential feature is the emergence of the universe from a state of extremely high temperature and density —the so-called big bang that occurred 13.8 billion years ago. Although this type of universe was proposed by Russian mathematician Aleksandr Friedmann and Belgian astronomer Georges Lemaitre in the 1920s, the modern version was developed by Russian-born American physicist George Gamow and colleagues in the 1940s.
The Big bang theory itself is the outcome of thousands of brilliant minds put all together in astronomy and cosmology cautiously for exploring the origin of our universe.
Let’s move back in time.13.82 billion years ago, what was there?
Credit: Third Party Reference
A point of singularity, extraordinary small and hot where no laws of physics were applied, the time has no existence, all four fundamental forces exist forming a unified force called super force suddenly exploded because of no reason.
”SOMETHING CAME FROM NOTHING”
In less than one second, gravity split off from the super force. Three minutes later, the temperature dropped to 10 billion degrees of Fahrenheit, an appropriate temperature for the formation of atoms to take place. Lighter element, hydrogen came into existence.
Credit: Third Party Reference
After 380,000 years, light travelled through the darkness. 4 billion years later, stars started shaping due to the presence of heavier elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon etc. At the age of 13.7 billion years, the sky filled with stars and galaxies.
Credit: Third Party Reference
In 1965, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson build a radio receiver which accidentally recorded echo or aftershock noise of big bang docking from everywhere and every corner of the universe. This was experimentally proved by NASA’S Wilkison microwave Anisotropy probe on 3 June 2001.
In February 2003, Cosmic microwave background provided a baby picture of our universe. Some of the major anomalies with the big bang theory were the unanswerable questions –
IS THERE SOMETHING OUT OF OUR UNIVERSE?
WHAT HAPPENED AT THE POINT OF SINGULARITY?
WHAT’S THE EXACT SHAPE OF OUR UNIVERSE?
HOW IS SPACE STRETCHING ITSELF FASTER THAN THE SPEED OF LIGHT?
WHAT WAS THE REASON BEHIND BIG BANG EXPLOSION?
Many alternate theories exist claming answer to these questions but none of them is experimentally verified.In 1980’s Alan Guth came up with the hypothesis of cosmic inflation i.e expanding universe which is now accepted as part of big bang theory.
At the advent of the 20th century, in the “Great Game” between Russian and British empires, Tibet became a strategic chessboard. Russia aspired to expand its influence across Central Asia. The Manchu empire was diminishing and waning. Britain was afraid that the Russians would come to a weakened China and cause problems to British India. This perception led to the invasion of Tibet in 1903 by British troops headed by Colonel F.E.younghusband. The idea and aim behind this move were to establish a buffer between China and India, secure a border between Tibet and India and gain favourable trade deals with Tibet. The Younghusband expedition spawned a chain of events in the Eastern Himalayan region, the effects of which are still felt in Indo-China relations.
While the Great Game is quite well known, the Mc Mahon line is a less talked about story, that had an impact in East Asia. Immediately after the Younghusband mission, China was alarmed and sent troops to Tibet to occupy the region. While Britan accepted the de facto Chinese control of Tibet, it wanted Indo-Tibetan border demarcated and Tibet to remain a buffer. In 1914 a conference was arranged by Britain in Shimla in which British, Tibetan and Chinese officials were to take part. Sir Vincent Arthur Henry McMahon, a secretary in the foreign department of the British Indian Government represented India in the conference. After a lengthy and prolonged discussion that stretched across months, India and Tibet signed a convention that demarcated the Indo-Tibetan boundary but unfortunately, this convention could not get the signature from the Chinese side, despite the convention’s promise to respect China’s suzerainty over Tibet but not sovereignty. This boundary, the red line drawn by Mc Mahon on the map came to be known as the Mc Mahon linen which is also internationally accepted as a border between India and China in the Eastern sector. However, it happens to be the zone of contention between the two countries. But it must be noted that the Shimla convention, though not signed by China it had not opposed the Mc Mahon line initially. Tibet also witnessed and enjoyed decades of independent rule after the Shimla conference. But the Chinese kept changing their stance very often.
J.J.Singh, the former army chief, Arunachal Pradesh governor and the author of the book the Mc Mahon line: a century discord, happens to be highly critical of the way Nehru handled China’s reoccupation of Tibet in 1950. But china called this liberation of Tibet. Nehru an ardent idealist failed to foresee China’s evil strategy. The author J.J.Singh observes: ” The British strategy of over a century, of having an autonomous as a buffer was put to rest as India looked on passively”. The Chinese take over of Tibet by force exposed the northern borders of India to potential Chinese threat for the first time, highlighting our dangerous vulnerability.
In retrospect, one could debate that India could have done something effectively to prevent China from taking over Tibet. It was a time when one should not forget India had its own problems in Kashmir that was attacked by the Pakistan army, unification of princely states were still underway and Tibet itself had signed an agreement with China after its troops reached Lhasa. India was only a fledgeling democracy encountering multifarious economic, social and political problems. India’s resources were meagre and its army was no match to the Chinese army. Nehru, despite his emphasis on friendly relations with China, had told his ambassador to Peking( Beijing) in 1958 that he didn’t trust ” The Chinese one bit….they are an arrogant, untrustworthy, devious and hegemonic lot.” But Nehru never imagined Chinese aggression on India in 1962 that inflicted a humiliating defeat upon India that also hastened the demise of Nehru, a disheartened leader.
Both India and China have come along way since the 1962 war in spite of several peace talks between the two, the border dispute remains unsolved. However, there have been marked improvements in its bilateral relationship, punctuated by border skirmishes and violations very often. The Chinese after opening up their economy from the early 1980s has become an economic behemoth and militarily modernised with their phenomenal advancement in technology. It has become a superpower next only to the USA. A country whose geographical area, economic and military power that are far greater and beyond the reach of India will have an unquenchable urge to assert itself internationally in an arrogant and immoral manner. However, there are limits to China’s LAC adventurism. The boundary between India and China runs to several thousand kilometres in this there are several places along this border where PLA ( people’s liberation army) is militarily weak while the Indian army has an upper hand so that India could also play mischief. China is also mindful of India’s nuclear capability. The maritime domain of China is its weak spot. And most importantly China will be least inclined to seriously damage the close to $100 billion trade with India with its military adventurism on the LAC. Also, China is fully aware of a close relationship with the US economically and militarily.
The time has come to checkmate Beiing’s military aggression. India should deepen and expand its defensive, offensive and deterrent capabilities. The situation is also a stark reminder for us to get more serious about finalising a border agreement with China. The political leadership of both countries should exhibit more will power to resolve the dispute to establish a stable, political and economic environment over East Asia. India should engage in deepening its engagements with world powers including the USA and Russia. While the avowed goal is the peaceful resolution of the long dispute India should build up it’s economy powerful and militarily strong and formidable. But one should not forget the geopolitical axiom: ” the unilateral desire of a nation to live in peace cannot be a guarantee of its peaceful existence”.
If you want to never be happy or satisfied with your life, one great way to do that is to raise your expectations to an unrealistically high standard that can never possibly be met.
This is the essence of perfectionism. It’s the inability to be happy with something until it is perfect, without any flaws whatsoever. Of course, the problem with this mindset is that perfectionism is often an illusion.
Life rarely works out exactly the way we want, in any domain – whether it’s relationships, work, or goals.
And many times being more happy with your life requires that you let go of these expectations and learn to be more content with how things are, rather than how you picture they should be in an “ideal world.”
Many studies are beginning to show the many ways perfectionism can destroy your happiness.
Perfectionism leads to regret and dissatisfaction
In one study published in the Journal of Consumer Psychology, it was found that a “must have the best” mindset can magnify feelings of regret and dissatisfaction.
Psychologists are calling it the “maximizing mindset,” and it’s one symptom of perfectionism. We always seek to choose the best possible option in every given scenario, but that’s not always possible.
These findings are consistent with another recent study published in the Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy that discovered perfectionism can lead to more “post-event rumination.”
This just means that after something happens to us, we are much more likely to continue to think about it and second-guess our choices. This makes it much more harder to let go of our past decisions, and especially our past mistakes.
Perfectionism hurts your relationships
The research continues to build on the negative consequences of perfectionism.
In another recent study published in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, it was found that perfectionism can hurt our relationships as well.
Romantic couples who see their relationships as a “perfect unity” (“We are soul mates” or “We we’re made for each other”) are more prone to relationship problems than those who view their relationship as a “journey” (“We grow together” or “Look how far we’ve come”).
This makes sense. Every relationship is going to have problems we have to work through. But if you think you both are absolutely perfect for each other, then it’s going to be hard to accept and deal with the highs and lows of every relationship.
Often times, a more practical and realistic mindset prepares you for the inevitable road bumps in life. And it’s better to prepare yourself for reality than to live in delusion. Magical thinking is a big contributor to “perfectionism” that we should be more mindful of.
Perfectionism negatively influences your work
One of the most common effects of perfectionism is how it influences our work and personal goals.
In a study published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology discovered that individuals who have a greater tendency for perfectionism are also more likely to procrastinate.
When we have a perfectionist mentality, it’s really hard to swallow our pride and say “I’m done.” Instead, we find ourselves constantly changing things, tweaking every little detail, and working non-stop until we finally feel satisfied. Although we never do.
This is also consistent with another study on how perfectionism can lead to “workaholism,” an unhealthy drive to never stop working, which can often lead to more stress, fatigue, and burnout.
Perfectionism hurts your self-esteem and body image
According to a study published in the Journal of Eating Disorders, perfectionism can also hurt our body image and play a role in the development of eating disorders.
We commonly compare our body appearances to the “ideals” we find in movies, TV, magazines, and other forms of entertainment. This can lead us to set our own standards incredibly high, which will often lead to disappointment in our own bodies.
As you can see, perfectionism can destroy our happiness in many different areas of our lives. It’s an attitude that we have to be very careful of. Here are ways to think less like a perfectionist in your daily life.
How to let go of perfectionism Perfectionism is ultimately a mindset, so the best way to let go of it is to start building a new mindset toward life.
For many truly happy and successful people, they don’t have a perfectionist mindset – but a growth mindset. They understand that life is a process of ups and downs, and we are constantly learning and growing from these experiences.
Unlike the perfectionist, the growth-oriented person doesn’t see their happiness or success in any area of a life as a “fixed place.” Instead, it’s a never-ending journey.
Start thinking in a new direction:
“Mistakes are a normal part of everyday life.”
“Failure is often a necessary step toward success.”
“It’s not about being the best, but trying your best.”
“No single event in the past defines you. Move forward.”
“You’re always growing as an individual.”
“Focus on the bigger picture more than the details.”
“Your flaws and imperfections are what make you unique.”
“There are always new obstacles to overcome.”
“You accept the ups and downs in life with grace.”
Choose 3 of these self-affirmations that you like best.
Now, write each one down on an index card and place it around your home where you’ll see it frequently, for example: a mirror, a fridge, or above your bed.
For the next week, every time you see these self-affirmations, try repeating them to yourself 3 times each (either inside your head or out-loud to yourself).
This is just one small step in changing your thinking to a more “growth-oriented” mindset. With a little conscious practice, this way of thinking will begin to spread into your daily life.
Try one of these exercises
If you want to go one step further in overcoming your perfectionism, I challenge you to try one of the following exercises:
1. Just Complete One Goal Today
Assign yourself a small project, and just give yourself to the end of the day to finish it. It can be anything, the simpler the better: creating a new song or writing a poem. The point is to just do it, and not obsess over the final product. Give yourself permission to say, “It’s done!” without needing to second-guess yourself.
2. Try Failing On Purpose
Put yourself in a situation where you know you’ll fail. You’ll often find that failure isn’t that bad, and it often means you’re challenging yourself in a positive and productive way. Many times, you may even feel better about yourself for trying and failing, rather than never trying at all.
3. Practice Non-Judgment
Meditation is a great way to improve your mindset, especially when it comes to being less judgmental toward yourself and others.
Recent research shows that meditation makes us less reactive to negative feedback in life.
And another new study published in Psychophysiology discovered that mindfulness meditation can help “perfectionists” overcome their mistakes and failures faster, especially when they focus on the “nonjudgmental” element of meditation.
To overcome perfectionism, we have to ultimately learn to not be too hard on ourselves. Accept life’s imperfections while realizing they don’t take away the good and beauty out of life.
Embrace small progress. Embrace the small wins. Be patient with yourself. And keep putting your best foot forward. That’s all you can ever truly ask of yourself.
The traditional Kanjivaram Silk saree also known as Kanchipuram Silk saree, is a sort of saree, fabricated in the Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu, Southern part of India. These sarees are worn as wedding and extraordinary event by the most of the ladies in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Besides these states the sarees are also popular in other parts of India too such as, northern, eastern and central parts of India and occasionally worn by the ladies of the mentioned areas. The sarees are known for their energetic hues and eye catching idea, which are basically adopted from the sacred books, like Ramayana, Mahabharata etc and idols from the shrines of this little town. Since the pallu and the body of the saree vary in shading and structure, you can expect an assortment of differentiating shades as well.The sarees are famously allude a royal look because of their radiance, solidness, and glint from the stunning zari work. The nature of the sarees depends on their materials used for making. The heavier the saree, the better the quality. This saree is best depicted as a brilliant ‘Silk Saree’ with zari work. Zari is metallic string normally produced using gold or silver and interlaced with the silk yarn to make different themes and shades.
Kanjivaram Silk Saree
Design of the saree
Customarily, themes for the traditional Kanjivaram silk Saree are intensely drawn from the style and arts of the sanctuaries, castles and compositions of Pallava Dynasty. The edge of the sarees contains themes of pyramidal sanctuary idea from the images or the idols of the shrines, royal residences and general works of art, and the body incorporates, checks, stripes and botanical buttas. Throughout the years, the customary and very much wanted stripes or brilliant dab structures have offered approach to increasingly representative themes, for example, organic products, creatures, feathered creatures, the sun and the moon, and even stories from folklore.
Weaving Method
The traditional Kanjivaram Silk saree includes a technic of handloom. It is woven from unadulterated mulberry silk yarn that is obtained from the mulberry silkworm, undergoing a lengthy process of spinning method. The sarees are woven in three parts, the pallu, boarder and the body part. To weave a traditional saree, three transports are utilized. While the weaver deals with the correct side, his associate takes a shot at the left side transport. The border, the pallu, shading and configuration are typical and not quite the same as the body. On the off chance that the pallu and edge of the sarees is woven in an alternate shade, these are first independently woven and after that is carefully joined to the body part to make a complete saree. The part where the body meets the pallu and boader is regularly indicated by a criss cross line. In the authentic Kanjivaram Silk Sarees, body, pallu and border are woven independently and afterward interlocked togetherly. The joint is woven so unequivocally that regardless of whether the sarees tears, the border won’t disconnect. And this is the unique part of the saree that separates the traditional kanjivaram silk saree from the others.
The traditional saree undergoes the first brilliant and silver zari is likewise supplanted by a financially savvy metal or copper zari that figures out how to grip the sheen of the surface while diminishing the expense. In any case of possibility you need to assure that the zari used in the saree is real and genuine.
Cost of the the Saree
Making of a unique traditional kanjivaram saree with original silk and zari of gold and silver may cost from Rs. 15 k to 2 lacs even more high, depends on the design and material used in it. The heavier the saree, the better the quality. Id
Identify a Kanjivaram Silk Saree
The unique part of a traditional Kanjivaram silk saree is that, the edge, pallu and body shading method that makes the saree different from others and the duplicate ones.
There are less expensive sorts of the mentioned sarees in the market, made using low grade and duplicate zari of copper. These sarees look like original but not the similar in quality. To recognize a duplicate saree you need to be careful and learn more about the materials like fibre, zari and shading of the saree.
To differentiate between an original and phony Kanjivaram silk saree is to pick a couple of free strings from the saree, burn them If the saree is original, it will produce cinders and smell like cowskin or hair . On the other hand burning of atrtificial zari produces no cinders and smell as well.
Another simpler and increasingly possible test is search for the remaining details of zari in the saree. Real zari is made of red silk string, that is then turned with a silver string and plunged in gold. On the other hand if you notice that the colour of zari string is white or some other shading, be sure that there is no authenticity of quality.
Choose for the lebel of Silk Mark that is given to real Kanjivaram silk sarees.
When we think about environment and public health risks, we may skip oceans. However, the health of ocean is intertwined with our health. It is environment that has all the solutions to humankind. Ocean gives us food, help in the regulation of climate, and give rise to most of the oxygen that we breathe. But in spite of their importance, oceans are facing unparalleled threats because of various human activity.
This is one of the various reasons why we should celebrate World Oceans Day. It is an international day that is celebrated on the 8th of June. It was first presented in by Canada’s International Centre for Ocean Development (ICOD) and the Ocean Institute of Canada (OIC) at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. Later on, World Oceans Day was officially recognised by the United Nations in 2008.
It is celebrated to remind everyone of the vital role the oceans play in our everyday life. They act like the lungs of our planet as they generate most of the oxygen that we breathe. The intend behind celebrating this day is to aware the public about the impact of human actions on the ocean, Evolve a worldwide movement of people for the ocean, and unite the world’s population in order to bring out sustainable management of the world’s oceans.
What are Coral Reefs ?
Coral reef in India, Lakshadweep
Oceans consist of coral reefs ecosystems which are diverse and intricate creatures that interact with each other and the physical environment. It is a class of w animal related to jellyfish, hydroids and sea anemones. They play a major role in maintaining the health of our oceans and our economy. But due to the impact of human actions on oceans and its ecosystem, coral reefs faced a huge decline and thus marine ecosystem has been tampered leading to loss of habitat and food for many species.
What can we do to protect Coral Reefs?
Even if we live far from coral reefs, we can have an impact on reef health and conservation. Here’s some things we can do in order to ensure conservation of reefs:
• conserve water: The first and foremost thing we can do is conserve water. The less water we use, the less wastewater and runoff finds it way back to the ocean.
• choose sustainable seafood: Fish populations are increasingly being depleted due to loss of habitat, demand, and unsustainable fishing practices. Choose seafood that is both healthy and sustainable.
• volunteer: volunteer in government projects if you can such a beach cleanups drive.
• Dispose off your trash properly: do not litter places which are near the beach. Don’t leave unwanted fishing nets in the water or on the beach.
• plant a tree: trees reduce runoff into the oceans. By planting a tree, we can contribute in reversing the warming of our planet and rising temperature of our water bodies.
• use organic fertiliser: even if we live far way from water bodies, these products flow into the oceans and rivers, pollute them and can harm the marine life.
• reduce pollution: reduce your carbon foot print and use bicycles, walk or ride the bus. Because emissions from vehicle could lead to ocean warming.
• And finally, stay informed and Spread the Word! Educate yourself about healthy coral reefs and its importance to fish, plants, animals and humankind. Your excitement would help in getting others involved.
COVID-19 has hit India with its absolute force and has put the entire nation under lockdown. This nationwide pandemic has tested various systems of India. The medical sector has suffered the most under its wrath due to the unavailability of staff and equipment. Furthermore, due to lockdown, various business activities have been shut down, this has also taken a toll on India’s economy. While sectors like these are facing issues as of now, the educational sector of India is also under crisis. Colleges/ universities have been shut for over 2 months as it would be unsafe for the students and faculty to attend college at the time of lockdown, while coronavirus continues to spread at a massive rate. Coping with COVID-19 is difficult for everyone including universities, because they serve such an extensive variety of purposes. First and the most significant, they are educational institutions, where undergraduate and postgraduate students acquire skills, knowledge and education and where faculty educate and conduct research.Furthermore, they additionally work as small cities, complete with police forces, energy plants, sports offices, and other civic institutions. They are likewise significant local employers and important drivers of nearby and regional economies. Lastly, many manage hospitals, setting them at the front line of the local healthcare system. Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT) has made the students hostel into a quarantine center as they have more than 300 rooms. Students are in panic as their belongings are still there.
Despite the fact that most understudies have left grounds, the issues created by COVID-19 have not. Everyone from the workforce to office staff are stressed over their future.Research projects, semester exams and practicals are postponed. Admissions for new courses and staff recruitment are disrupted.Everything is in disorder. Undergraduate and postgraduate students have many questions like: How will their academic credit be determined? Will they be reimbursed for the unused room and lodging? Will there be a farewell ceremony for last year students? Will this affect their athletic scholarship? Would they be able to stay in the country if their student visa is revoked? Would the final year students get their degree this year or not? In short, universities still have various important decisions to make, and to convey to the students and faculty.
Making an organization that gives a framework to these decisions can help—and is preferable done sooner rather than later. In working with higher-education institutions as well as businesses and public-sector agencies, we have perceived how integrated nerve centers can assist these institutions and organisations with setting a course and follow up.
COVID-19 has drastically reshaped the manner in which worldwide higher education is taught. Lectures are being conducted online. Examinations and their conduct is uncertain since most of the universities have cancelled exams for now, as all the education institutions have become virtual. Therefore, higher education institutions are quickly shifting how they impart and operate to meet the advancing needs of students and faculty. And they have successfully met the requirements of the students to a large extent.
We all are well informed about the current unfortunate scenario created by the deadly Novel Corona Virus. A lot has been said and discussed how much it has impacted the environment, society and the economy of the countries. This pandemic has tremendously affected the education system, this is also needed to be discussed widely. Almost every day, the teachers and students are facing new challenges. Education is the backbone of a society and the students are the future. Life becomes valueless without education. The suffering of the entire education system is not at all desirable.
From the very beginning, the main mode of education was offline and the basic source was school. But it is obvious that due to this corona outbreak all the offline modes of education are closed for an uncertain period of time. On 14th March the nation’s Prime Minister announced the first nationwide lockdown, and the news dropped like a bombshell for the institutions and teachers, because at that point of time many board exams were going on in schools and colleges and some results were about to be declared.
The lockdown is getting extended in increments since March. Given this situation, it is not possible for the institutions to take a complete break from teaching the students neither it is possible for the students to stop studying since whenever their schools/colleges will reopen they will have to give their due exams. In this situation the only thing that is feasible, is to introduce e-learning in their curriculums. Internet learning was always an option for extra studies for the students, but now that option has become a necessity for almost all the educational institutions.
Education is a basic right for every citizen of a country. But this overnight change of the mode of study from offline to online has made education unreachable to some of the students. Numerous students do not have an internet connection and thus the study materials that are being given to them are becoming unattainable for them. Some of the institutions have even started marking their attendance in the online classes. Those schools/colleges use to allot marks on the attendance of the students, so, those students who aren’t being able to attend these online classes are getting affected severely. All the sources of learning have become unobtainable for these students since their tuitions are also off now. Even the teachers are facing copious issues due to this sudden change. Many teachers are not technologically equipped so along with the students they are also taking time for getting used to it. The teachers are also facing pressures of converting all the teaching materials to digital formats. Even if the majority of the students are getting the facility of attending their classes through online conferences, it can not be apprehended how the pending and future exams will be taken through online mode.
Amidst this situation where all the students and teachers were already struggling to get adjusted with this newly formed learning system, the government of several states announced that the junior classes of the schools and the intermediate semester students of the universities will be promoted to the next class or to the next semester. Regarding this a lot of hassles has been created since most of the universities are still not agreeing to promote their students without taking their tests. Some of the institutions are planning to take their exams very soon even in this crucial situation. The students were already distressed and this being added into their suffering, they are now completely perplexed.
The university students who had their terminal semesters just when the lockdown started, are suffering the most. Most of them had their career plans ready already. Since the entire exam procedure got delayed, they are living in an extremely uncertainty right now. The school kids are facing problems in paying the fees of the schools and tuitions since most of the parents do not have the facility of online banking. The government and the institutions are trying to make things a little less difficult for the students. The sense of insecurity in the students are making them depressed and it has affected their mental health badly. No one knows what the future holds for all of us, but what we can do is to try to keep the students engaged not only with studies but also with creative things so that they can stay healthy and productive in this pivotal situation.
Community Health Workers (CHWs) play an important role in building awareness, countering stigma and maintaining essential primary healthcare service delivery in different parts of the world. In India’s case they are in the form of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers, who are taking full charge of the public health effort for safe working conditions and fair remunerations in this pandemic. It is essential that they are provided adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and proper training for its usage in the early stages of the dreadful pandemic like COVID-19. It is also appropriate to ensure role clarity, training, supportive supervision, health and well-being for them.
In view of the shortage of human resource in the health system the Government of India recruited ASHA workers to connect marginalised communities with health care under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), 2005. There are 9,00,000 ASHA workers, who are acting as a bridge between the government and common citizens. They are working hard in these challenging times as health care facilitators, health activists and service providers and putting their lives at high risk. The current situation of the country has brought out the hidden but no less intense struggle of the ASHA workers. The struggle concerns the limited support they get from an inflexible and fragile public health system. ASHA workers are also facing increased resistance from communities when they go out in the field to monitor safety measures against the spread of the pandemic. They feel stressed when they fear the mistrust of local people while finding out COVID patients within an allotted area. They face trouble in various places in the country. They appeal for protective measures to save themselves from infection and also to ward off physical attack from hostile people. Let us have a pan Indian survey to trace some of the problems faced by the ASHA workers.
In Karnataka lack of cooperation from local people and unavailability of safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities have forced the ASHA workers not to drink water during their duty.
In Gosaiganj, Lucknow, the pink sari-clad ASHA workers stay outdoors most of the day, with ‘makeshift masks’ formed by dupattas. Their allotted work is to survey around thirty to fifty houses in a day depending on the risk levels of the area. They have an increased risk of exposure to the coronavirus, which also endanger their families. Such fears aggravate even further, especially given the gendered nature of domestic care work, forcing many of them out of duty in such challenging times. Lucknow has an ASHA team which has ‘ASHA Sangini’ as the leader. She reported that three of her workers have dropped out from work at present for fear of personal and professional risks.
ASHA workers in Faridabad, Haryana, and Bengaluru, and Belagavi in Karnataka, are facing the ire of local people who are dissatisfied with the government’s handling of the pandemic. People assume that the ASHA workers are in direct contact with political parties and on this pretext they attack the workers conducting surveys. Local people show huge resistance to cooperating with the workers. Now in some places police accompany the workers to protect them. Such protection is important in view of the fact that ASHA workers already face an increase in workload in terms of increase in number of working hours. Apart from their existing duties they also have additional workload now, including spreading awareness of the pandemic, regular check-up by house-to-house visit.
On the top of it, due to delay in payments, ASHA workers in Pedapalli district, Telangana, have decided to leave the work. This is not an exceptional event as delayed payment problem plagues ASHA workers in many parts of India. Very often they are the only source of income for their families. The problem is even more complicated because while they do not get their meagre allowance the medical staff and sanitation workers are receiving regular salaries.
In central Delhi, recently an ASHA worker reported positive for coronavirus. It is not unexpected because they were not provided PPE kits to work in the containment areas. Their meagre payment and inability to pay for treatment lead their families to prevent them from going out to the field and take life risk.
ASHA workers are also coping with the increase in demand of medical supplies and birth control methods of women’s reproductive concerns. Men are not used to be in home for a very long time. The women complain of physical demands their husbands are making on them. Being helpless due to the home quarantines and lockdown extensions they are begging the workers for protections to be used. An ASHA worker in Ajmer had to intervene when the police stopped a pregnant woman on her way to an abortion clinic. The workers are also running out of calcium and iron tablets and facing difficulty in providing them to the concerned people.
An ASHA worker from Barabanki district, Lucknow, reported that the swirls of rumours through social media have made their work more challenging. People have the fear that contact with the virus means immediate death. The workers have to work very hard to clear the confusion among the anxious and distressed people who have never faced such pandemic before.
We must appreciate the role of the ASHA workers, who are working very hard to put the welfare of the community before their own safety. They are putting aside their fear of coronavirus and the nation needs their service more than ever before as the foot soldiers fighting the COVID-19 battle. Their main motto is, “Kaam karna hai, toh karna hai” (work that has to be done, has to be done).
It is amply clear that ASHA workers face multiple problems in such crisis times. But their problems need to be addressed with due care at the governmental level. It is because they at the ground level make the public health system robust and responsive. They are not to be underestimated as “low-level health workers”.
Every year World Tumor Day is observed on 8 June. World Brain Tumor Day was first marked by Deutsche Hirntumorhilfe, a Non-Profit, German Brain Tumor Association. Deutsche Hirntumorhilfe declared the World Brain Tumor Day in the year 2000 to spread the awareness about the brain tumor among the people and tribute to all brain tumor patients and their families.
What is a Brain tumor? Unnecessary growth of cells that are either within or around the structure of the brain is known as a Brain tumor. This abnormal collection of cells in your brain or central nervous system can disrupt brain function. Brain tumors are mainly of two types:
Malignant Tumors
Benign Tumor
Malignant primary brain tumors are cancerous and Benign brain tumors are non-cancerous.
Symptoms of Brain Tumor
•Changes in personality and behavior •Double vision and blurred vision •Severe headache •Memory loss and confusion •Nausea and vomiting •Drowsiness •Sleep problems •seizures
Causes of Brain tumor
Age- with increase age risk of a brain tumor increases.
Chemical exposure- Being exposed to certain chemicals, such as pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers that may find in a work environment can increase your risk for brain cancer.
Exposure to ionizing radiation- People who have been exposed to high-radiation cancer therapies or radiation from nuclear fallout are on the increased risk of brain tumors.
Frequent use of cellphones: the radiofrequency energy from cellphones is capable of causing brain tumors.
Family History- brain tumors may be genetically inherited. If your family member is diagnosed with a brain tumor than consult your doctor immediately.
Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal has gone for a test of Corona on last Saturday. He is feeling unwell from last few weeks. After lots of coughs and headache , he gone through the test of Corona. Now waiting for the results.
This pandemic disease can attack on any person. But Now if the test reports come positive, it really going to make a big question on the administration of Delhi Govt.
Delhi has recorded a total of 28,936 cases of coronavirus while 812 people have died so far. Meanwhile, coronavirus cases in India have gone up by almost 10,000 on Sunday.
The real problem is that anyone can be attacked by this disease. So everyone should have to follow the guidelines of Govt. And we all had to be aware and don’t do any silly mistake as it can make you under this dangerous situation.
When health is concerned, it talks about mental and physical both. The situation is tough for us all but everything coincides, probably the people living in a home can work on the health and wellness of the family. This time that we got rather, unfortunately, is ironically precious so, instead of issues and problems don’t skip to live it to it’s fullest. I would suggest to make a healthy plan, laugh louder and speak your hearts out as tomorrow is uncertain, instead of the memories of the holiday trip, it’s better to introspect about life.
It is the time that you can use efficiently to be what you want to be, the time when work was at its peak and the responsibilities of family and everything made situations a little chaotic, so in this time, just try to mend things and start the life that you always dreamt of.
When things start to become anxious, get some coffee, tea, juice and think do we really need this time but if given then that is something which is very planned.
Though some plannings are not in control, at last, we need to think about the root causes, understand that individual care and prevention will also relieve the community, society and government as well, since everything and anything is interconnected issues.
Majorly the division of time and routine is important, to be the asset for the country rather than a liability. Don’t think as if this is a holiday period for being lazy, rather understand it is a challenging situation that needs to be overcome by keeping fit and healthy collectively and through collective effort.
Start the spark of the flame let’s leave reason lame …
Starting the day with morning sun rays of optimism and fresh oxygen… First drink water and then go for a brush and daily morning fresh up. Eat healthy give time to yourself introspect and find ways to improve. Prepare a routine time and systematic review of the things. Consistency is the key to success, improve a little habit daily that will give a
positive lifestyle and hope. Self -Confidence will be the next step to the goal, develop a habit don’t just pen it down but rather make it daily a routine as planning is fruitful only when executed.
Read, Listen, Watch, Inspire……. Target the goals you want to achieve, work hard and take a break with the help of meditation, yoga and music. Prepare yourself with little patience, losing hope is apart but don’t shake the urge to fulfil the goal rather develop an optimistic approach. Uplift and Encourage each other to be the part of assets for the country. Immunity stays with a healthy heart and a healthy brain. Eat healthily, add sprouts, papaya, aloe, mango and green vegetables and especially the wheatgrass.
For mental health listen to music, birds chirping, connect to nature, breath in breath out, exercise these are the little help I can provide by this article. The threat and problems are everywhere it’s just an attitude and style of dealing will the situation in hand. If reading this will make one life better that will accomplish the things as everything starts with an individual effort. Believe that everything will be fine but at the same time be prepared for challenges as well.
Here I quote an ancient saying that fits this time “PEHLA SUKH NIROGI KAYA… DOOSRA SUKH GHAR MEIN HO MAYA… TEESRA SUKH KULWANTI NARI… CHAUTHA SUKH PUTRA AGYAKARI” It means that health is always at the top priority for humans. Stay happy healthy and blessed!!
The basic reasons why reading is important is that it helps in the growth of of emotional, mental and psychological aspects of a human behaviour. Every book you read would give you an opportunity to learn new ideas and implement them in your day to day life. Reading not only makes you intelligent but also smarter. For an author, writing a book takes a hell lot of efforts and dedication. He passes through several pains to come up with a single book. As readers we gain years of experiences by reading them. Reading improves our focus and concentration. Many of us spent our time surfing through the internet, watching videos and reading unnecessary memes. This is the reason people are losing focus. Thus, reading is an effective way to gain focus back. It helps in the discovery of yourself. When you read a book, you connect to various experiences and emotions. This not only makes you engrossed into the books but also guides you to to act in particular ways when you face such situations in life.
Reading also leads to the improvement of your emotional health. While reading a book you encounter many emotions such as happiness, anger, sorrow, surprise etc. But at the end, we always wish our hero to win. Your memory is also enhanced as you come across many words which you need to remember. U tend to become more creative and self motivated.
There are many reasons to be listed that why one should read books on a daily basis. Now, here are the ways to develop reading habits:
The foremost step to start developing reading habits is to stop looking it as a chore. Start reading few pages everyday and steadily increase the number as you begin to enjoy the story. It will take time to be able read 500 pages at a stretch.
Choose your genre of books such as fiction, non-fiction, fantasy or biography. It is better to know your taste of reading first rather than getting them halfway done and leaving.
Start small. Reading short stories can be a a very good start for the budding readers.
It is not necessary to complete a book till the end if you are not not finding it interesting. You may better leave it if you think that the book is not worth of your time.
Don’t start reading a book having tough language. Obviously, you can take help of a dictionary but better start with those books which have simple vocabulary. Gradually you can move on to to reading such books.
Paper is no more exciting. You can read from Amazon’s Kindle having millions of books of various genre.
Read the books on a daily basis. Do not pressurise yourself if you don’t feel like reading a book for long hours. Start with reading 20-30 minutes daily and then gradually increase over time.
Try to read before going to bed. This would not only improve your mental health but also would provide you a sound sleep.
Read at quiet places where there are no disturbances at all.
You can also keep a short diary with you to make notes for further references.
Marvel(studios) movies are a favourite amongst almost all age groups. Be it the characterization of the super heroes whom we hero worship and are die hard fans of the heroes or be it the creativity and the animation or the fact that they invoke amongst us all emotions which strengthens our affectionate and connections with the movie series.
The graph above is an evidence of the audience’s reaction and the attachment which marvel watchers have. Some of the most famous marvel series are Avengers, Iron Man, Thor and Spider Man.
Marvel studios is one of the companies that has the most versatile characters to show from different walks of life, this feature attracts audience to a great extent. They give their actors (movies) a better screen presence and their creativity which is displayed in every movie gives them an edge over the others.
Their story lines are super extravagant and their strong heroes and heroines always make the story more attractive and inspire us. Marvel movies constantly awaken emotions within us which builds up a connection between the audience and the movie. According to a source it creates 80% emotional engagement amongst its viewers e.g.-Ironman(series) has gained some die-hard fans especially the hero tony stark ,he had left us all in tears when he took his life to save the others in the movie Avengers: Endgame, we will never forget Tony Stark.
The statistics above in the graph clearly states how Avengers especially End game is reigning at the top. One of the main reasons why the series touched our hearts was because of the fact that it brought all of the amazing characters together in one platform and created a big family whom we can idealize & glorify and also because of the attractive visuals and the storyline.
Marvel has created gems out of actors who were underestimated or were not the most popular film stars in town, by giving them a chance he has allowed then to shine their true light and also has given its audience the best actors to look up to and hero worship. Many actors who were struggling became well known film stars overnight as Marvel brought out their true potential on screen.
The diverse and captivating movie series it has to offer to its viewers is one of the points which makes it always stand at the top of the list, be it Spider man, Iron man, Fantastic Four or even Guardians of the galaxy it offers the viewers a variety of characters to look up to be it their striking personality or their witty and charismatic appearances or even beguiling and ravishing characteristics of the characters. It makes even the unattractive and ugly characters look enchanting and desirable and turns them into heart stealers. And it’s given an equal platform to the female super heroes as well e.g.-Black Widow or Jane Foster.
The fact that it allowed the heroes from different walks of life to come together in one movie series(avengers) which created multiple relationships and also crated rivalry between antagonists, added more audience to its cup .The creativity which the movie offers is spectacular, the kind of movies which marvel creates have an edge over other thriller/superhero movies.
Marvel vs DC will always be an ongoing debate in the long run, even though DC is at the top when it comes to their animated movies and tv series. Marvel will always reign with the first rank because of positive audience reviews and variegated characters it has to offer.
Marvel has gone out and about and taken a step out of the monotonous box to offer its viewers some of the best content in the form of thrilling and appealing movies. In the long run it’s going to be tough for any production house or studio to surpass it or even compete with it.
Am I Guilty of being a poor citizen of the country?
Am I Guilty of working in the unorganised sector of the economy ?
Am I Guilty of being so illiterate person who is not even aware of his/her fundamental rights ?
Am I Guilty of not being able to provide you with big donations for your political agendas ?
If I am not guilty of any of these so what I am guilty of that I have to suffer so hard and who is responsible for the hapless condition of me and my family ?
The questions which every migrant labour is asking to its fellow citizens and the ruling government of our country .
Today we are talking about the Dethronement of Labours in our country, so what lead to the dethronement, it wasn’t the outcome of a simple thing. It was the outcome of a complex insecurities on the part of the labourers and insensitiveness on the part of government in handling the migrant crisis. In India where more than 75% of the workforce earn their livelihood in the informal and unorganised sector. On 24th March 2020 country’s first lockdown because of COVID-19 was implemented with just four hours of prior notice by the government.
The migrant workers weren’t provided with any opportunity and time to understand the gravity of the situation. As soon as they realised how grave the situation is the entire nation was already at a standstill, and their biggest fear started haunting them. Not the fear of dying because of the virus but the fear of dying out of hunger since they were rendered jobless after the announcement of lockdown and were left with very little or no income because the factories in which they worked for a living weren’t operating anymore due to the nationwide lockdown and their employers weren’t ready to give their salaries. They were neither informed about the processing of lockdown nor about the process after lockdown. With no other alternative left they started heading back to their native places on their own because the metropolitan cities in which they were working seemed hard for survival without work. They were forced to cover the unbelievable distance to their way back home on foot, cycles, trucks loaded with goods and what not.
Even the announcement of relief packages didn’t convinced them and their distress increased with the increasing lockdown restrictions. Several reports suggests that more than 90% of migrant workers did not received government rations in many states and were suffering from dire food shortage. And there is enough corroboration to prove the same. Many people died while walking towards their native towns on road due to hunger, dehydration and lack of timely medical care. 17 workers were crushed by a goods train in Aurangabad Railway Incident as they were sleeping on the railway tracks . 27 workers died in Auraiya road accident.
We don’t even know about the exact number of labours who lost their lives because of various reasons during this punitive lockdown. As these are the only cases which came into limelight and the fact is very cogent that they are just a part of the huge exact number because only a fraction of deaths is reported by the media.
On one hand where PM CARES FUND has received approximately Rs 10,000 Crore of donations and the main reason behind the introduction of which was to deal with any kind of crisis, produced by COVID-19 pandemic and provide succour to those affected by it, on the other hand after 40 days of lockdown when the government restarted the railways and agreed to run special trains for labourers they were asked to pay the rail fare to reach their respective states and even after paying for fares and not left with any money they were left to scramble for food and water. Instead of supporting the labourers with basic necessities and adequate facilities our government tried to hoodwink the Indian public on the issue of rail fares reveals the hypocrisy level of our government. The heart wrenching experiences shared by the migrant labours clearly show the hideous face of the Indian government which always promises moon to its citizens but fails to provide them even with a LED Bulb. Did we contributed to PM CARES Fund to see the despair of workforce that has built our cities.
The labourers who have reached and are still reaching their native places their problems have not ended with that instead it’s just the beginning of their problems. India has the biggest workforce in the world and Indian cities produce over 70% of its GDP and informal sector makes about 65% of their workforce. The people who migrated to cities for work because of unavailability of work in their hometowns are now migrating back because of the similar scenarios in cities now. As of May, the unemployment rate in rural India was at 24.3% up from around 16% in April. According to ILO, the pandemic could push 400 Million informal workers in India into deep penury.
In the wake of migrant crisis our state governments are leaving no stone unturned to exploit the labourers in name of boosting the economy and are utilising the opportunity to its full extent . Amid the pandemic many states including U.P, M.P, Gujrat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka and a few more are busy in diluting and suspending the Labour Laws for a long period of time. U.P made the boldest move by increasing the working hours from 8 to 12 which it later withdrew following a notice from Allahabad High Court. Rajasthan followed the move. By tweaking the Labour Laws the government isn’t ameliorating the condition of the labours instead it’s just creating an exploitative environment for the labours which will give more authority to the employers and exploitation of labour will take place on a larger scale and it will be no wrong to say that all this is being done for the benefit of employers not employees. Not only this these labour reforms introduced by many states are violating the constitution because relaxation of labour laws is only permitted during public emergency like internal or external threat to India’s safety and a pandemic is definitely not a public emergency.
The present pathetic condition of the labours would have been avoided if the executive’s attitude was not so callous in handling the crisis. The government is making them believe that they were living on the mercy of the god and the government and when now both of them aren’t interested in showing any mercy they don’t have any other option left except suffering.
A labour who wasn’t able to see his dying son because of the lockdown.
Written by Taniya Yadav, a law student from Allahabad.
As we all know that the whole earth is divided into two parts land and ocean, on earth around 70.9% of the water, and only 29.1% of the land. however, the ocean gives many things and it means a lot to us, it gives water, food, medicine, and the least goes on. the human also takes advantage of it.
However, nowadays the ocean is in danger because of the pollution and human traffic in the water, big industry and factories also omit their chemicals and wast, due to these the marine life are in danger and some spices are in endanger and many times the oil ship crash in the middle of the ocean and because of the oil spill, the fishes and other creatures do not breath properly and lost there life. many oil industry also plant their plants in the middle of the ocean and because of carelessness these happened,
However, the prestige oil spill happened near the coastline of Galicia, Spain. this was caused by the sinking of the 26-year-old ship in November 2002, which was carried around 70,000 tons of heavy fuel and this accident happened because of heavy Strome. Due to this accident,
The area was totally covered with dead oil-coated coral reefs and many species of sharks and birds, and the fishing industry. but the government also took action to save the ocean and many organization also support and pay the fund to the government, within a two week the ocean was clean and look great as it was.
furthermore, we celebrate world oceans day every year on 8 June, what do you know about this day?
this concept of the day firstly proposed by Canada’s international center for oven development and the ocean institute of Canada in 1992 at the earth summit, and this conformance regarding environment and development held in Rio De Janeiro in Brazil. the day marked in a variety of ways, including launching new campaigns and initiatives, special events at aquariums, and 2005. On that day, people celebrate by cleaning water, beaches, and feeding food to the ocean animals, hence famous influencers and celebrities give a speech on social media and share short movies regarding ocean life on the silver screen, because of this people nowadays, are more aware compared to the past.
in years between 2002 to 2008 dozens of things happened like the first-ever website launched “www.worldoceanday.org”, to promote and give guidance to the people, who wont to do something to make ocean pollution-free and they also share the timeline and events happened around the world, and in 2004 the ocean project launched by the united nation to officially recognization 8 June as world ocean day, in 2008 united nation also made lows to reduce the pollution in the ocean.
we should take steps against those people who pollute the mother nature and we stop them or complain in government departments regarding their work and actions, and the government also take down those industries which spread chemicals in the water.
“There’s nothing more beautiful than the way the ocean refuses to stop kissing the shoreline, no matter how many times it’s sent away.”
Eduindex News 
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