Day: June 10, 2020

Cardiovascular heath

Nowadays people are becoming health conscious, and everyone knows the two very important things to do in order to stay fit is to eat healthy and excercise regularly.  Do you know why these two things are really important ?   Its because by these two methods we are actually improving our cardiovascular  health, It is really important  to maintain it  so as to lead an active life.

What is cardiovascular health?

As the name suggests it is something to do with the heart. The cardiovascular system in our body is actually circulation of blood to every part   of the body. This circulation of blood is important so as to deliver  oxygen and essential nutrients to the tissue (tissues are a group  of similar cells), which is required for the effective breakdown of the food we consume so as to convert it into an energy derivative that can be used for the body. Heart plays an essential role of actually pumping the oxygen rich blood from the lungs  to other part of the bodies and receive the deoxygenated blood from the body and pump it to the lungs. The active functioning of this system means that the body is healthy and fit.

To maintain cardiovascular health ,it is really important to have a healthy heart. According to the American heart association (AHA), the two main parameters for ensuring this are blood glucose and blood pressure .

  1.  Blood glucose is actually the amount of sugar the blood has, this sugar is  a source of energy. For a healthy person the blood sugar levels should be between  700 milligrams grams per litres to 1400 milligrams per litres. If its more than the given amount then  it can cause diabetes which may lead to many  heart diseases.
  2. Blood pressure is the pressure that the blood vessels contains, mainly arteries(these are the vessels directly connected to the heart). Normal blood pressure should be less than 120/80. There are many reasons because of which the blood pressure increases, but the main reason is the narrowing of the arteries due high amount of cholesterol being settled on the walls.Other reasons can be  stress, illness and etc.

Ways to maintain cardiovascular health

To monitor our cardiovascular health we need to know our heart rate. It gives us the idea about the amount of work done, by the muscles in our heart to maintain the steady heart rate. This  should be taken while resting, 60-100 beats per minute (BPM)  is normal. Lower the resting BPM  means less work done that is  healthier body. By noting the BPM while resting we can get the idea of how much fit or unfit one is and  also how much work she or he has to do.

While doing exercises one must always try to increase their heart rate by 60-70% of the resting BPM. This is done in order to absorb more oxygen so as to  increase the oxygen intaking capacity of the body which is also called aerobic capacity. This capacity can be increased in the body by exercising regularly. As the aerobic capacity  increases it would make the body to utilize the blood glucose more  therefore monitoring the its levels inside the blood.

The next thing is to regulate our food habits like eating healthy and in a proper amount. Avoid eating food with complex fats which will deposit as cholesterol in the arteries and eventually increase the blood pressure also increasing the risk to heart diseases. Green leafy vegetables are good  as they provide energy to our body.

Benefits of having healthy cardiovascular system

Having a heathy heart means less risk of heart diseases and an active body, which doesn\’t get tired easily .  It also makes you feel positive  and always ready to face any challenges in the day. It not only helps to develop physical strength but mental strength too. It is seen that a person who exercises regularly and eat healthy has very less chances of getting into depression. So its time that we take our health seriously and work to improve it so that we can gain the strength to achieve our dreams and live our life the fullest.

 

 

 

 

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Social psychology

There is one thing that, more than any other, throws people absolutely off their balance — the thought that you are dependent upon them. This is sure to produce an insolent and domineering manner towards you. There are some people, indeed, who become rude if you enter into any kind of relation with them; for instance, if you have occasion to converse with them frequently upon confidential matters, they soon come to fancy that they can take liberties with you, and so they try and transgress the laws of politeness. This is why there are so few with whom you care to become more intimate, and why you should avoid familiarity with vulgar people. If a man comes to think that I am more dependent upon him than he is upon me, he at once feels as though I had stolen something from him; and his endeavor will be to have his vengeance and get it back. The only way to attain superiority in dealing with men, is to let it be seen that you are independent of them.

Social psychology is the scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, beliefs, intentions and goals are are constructed within a social context by the actual or imagined interactions with others.

It therefore looks at human behavior as influenced by other people and the social context in which this occurs.

The voices in my head are extremely loud. I feel so insane because I can hardly make a sound. Thoughts of being crazy, possibly headed to the asylum now. These voices won’t shut up. I get stuck up. I go from 0 to 100, it gets up. Not purposely. I may be bipolar but I could care less, you see. Its up to me to control my mind. But if you think it’s that easy, you’ve been wasting time. Thinking you’re perfect? Thinking psychology ain’t worth it? I lucked out, timed out, and found out…
We all need help!

Social psychologists, therefore, deal with the factors that lead us to behave in a given way in the presence of others, and look at the conditions under which certain behavior/actions and feelings occur.
Topics examined in social psychology include: the self concept, social cognition, attribution theory, social influence, group processes, prejudice and discrimination, interpersonal processes, aggression, attitudes and stereotypes.

Topics examined in social psychology include: the self concept, social cognition, attribution theory, social influence, group processes, prejudice and discrimination, interpersonal processes, aggression, attitudes and stereotypes.

History of Social Psychology
Early Influences
Aristotle believed that humans were naturally sociable, a necessity which allows us to live together (an individual centered approach), whilst Plato felt that the state controlled the individual and encouraged social responsibility through social context (a socio-centered approach).

Lazarus & Steinthal wrote about Anglo-European influences in 1860. “Volkerpsychologie” emerged, which focused on the idea of a collective mind. It emphasized the notion that personality develops because of cultural and community influences, especially through language, which is both a social product of the community as well as a means of encouraging particular social thought in the individual. Therefore Wundt (1900–1920) encouraged the methodological study of language and its influence on the social being.

Social Psychology Key Figures
Allport (1920) – Social Facilitation
Allport introduced the notion that the presence of others (the social group) can facilitate certain behavior.

It was found that an audience would improve an actors’ performance in well learned/easy tasks, but leads to a decrease in performance on newly learned/difficult tasks due to social inhibition.

Bandura (1963) Social Learning Theory
Bandura introduced the notion that behavior in the social world could be modeled. Three groups of children watched a video where an adult was aggressive towards a ‘bobo doll’, and the adult was either just seen to be doing this, was rewarded by another adult for their behavior or were punished for it.
Children who had seen the adult rewarded were found to be more likely to copy such behavior.

Festinger (1950) – Cognitive Dissonance
Festinger, Schacter and Black brought the idea that when we hold beliefs, attitudes or cognitions which are different, then we experience dissonance – this is an inconsistency that causes discomfort.
We are motivated to reduce this by either changing one of our thoughts, beliefs or attitudes or selectively attending to information which supports one of our beliefs and ignores the other (selective exposure hypothesis).

Dissonance occurs when there are difficult choices or decisions, or when people participate in behavior that is contrary to their attitude. Dissonance is thus brought about by effort justification (when aiming to reach a modest goal), induced compliance (when people are forced to comply contrary to their attitude) and free choice (when weighing up decisions).

Tajfel (1971) – Social Identity Theory
When divided into artificial (minimal) groups, prejudice results simply from the awareness that there is an “out-group” (the other group).
When the boys were asked to allocate points to others (which might be converted into rewards) who were either part of their own group or the out-group, they displayed a strong in-group preference. That is, they allocated more points on the set task to boys who they believed to be in the same group as themselves.

This can be accounted for by Tajfel & Turner’s social identity theory, which states that individuals need to maintain a positive sense of personal and social identity: this is partly achieved by emphasizing the desirability of one’s own group, focusing on distinctions between other “lesser” groups.

Weiner (1986) – Attribution Theory
Weiner was interested in the attributions made for experiences of success and failure and introduced the idea that we look for explanations of behavior in the social world.
He believed that these were made based on three areas: locus, which could be internal or external; stability, which is whether the cause is stable or changes over time: and controllability.

Milgram (1963) – Shock Experiment
Participants were told that they were taking part in a study on learning, but always acted as the teacher when they were then responsible for going over paired associate learning tasks.
When the learner (a stooge) got the answer wrong, they were told by a scientist that they had to deliver an electric shock. This did not actually happen, although the participant was unaware of this as they had themselves a sample (real!) shock at the start of the experiment.

They were encouraged to increase the voltage given after each incorrect answer up to a maximum voltage, and it was found that all participants gave shocks up to 300v, with 65 percent reaching the highest level of 450v.

It seems that obedience is most likely to occur in an unfamiliar environment and in the presence of an authority figure, especially when covert pressure is put upon people to obey. It is also possible that it occurs because the participant felt that someone other than themselves was responsible for their actions.

Haney, Banks, Zimbardo (1973) – Stanford Prison Experiment
Volunteers took part in a simulation where they were randomly assigned the role of a prisoner or guard and taken to a converted university basement resembling a prison environment. There was some basic loss of rights for the prisoners, who were unexpectedly arrested, given a uniform and an identification number (they were therefore deindividuated).
The study showed that conformity to social roles occurred as part of the social interaction, as both groups displayed more negative emotions and hostility and dehumanization became apparent. Prisoners became passive, whilst the guards assumed an active, brutal and dominant role. Although normative and informational social influence had a role to play here, deindividuation/the loss of a sense of identity seemed most likely to lead to conformity.

Both this and Milgram’s study introduced the notion of social influence, and the ways in which this could be observed/tested.

Strengths
Social psychology provides clear predictions. This means that explanations can be scientifically tested and support with evidence.
Emphasizes objective measurement
Many experiments to support theories

Limitations
Underestimates individual differences
Ignores biology (e.g. testosterone)
Provides only ‘superficial snapshots of social processes’ (Hayes, 1995)

What is it that shapes our attitudes? Why are some people such great leaders? How does prejudice develop, and how can we overcome it? These are just a few of the big questions of interest in the field of social psychology. Social psychologists tackle issues that can have a significant impact on individual health and well-being, from understanding why bullying behavior and aggression take place to analyze why people sometimes fail to help individuals in need.

You probably already realize that other people can have a dramatic influence on the way you act and the choices you make. Consider how you might behave in a situation if you were all alone versus if there were other people in the room. The decisions you make and the behaviors you exhibit might depend on not only how many people are present but exactly who you are around. For example, you are likely to behave much differently when you are around a group of close friends than you would around a group of colleagues or supervisors from work.

Social psychology looks at a wide range of social topics, including:

Group behavior
Social perception
Leadership
Nonverbal behavior
Conformity
Aggression
Prejudice
It is important to note that social psychology is not just about looking at social influences. Social perception and social interaction are also vital to understanding social behavior. The way that we see other people (and the way we think they see us) can play a powerful role in a wide variety of actions and decisions. Just think for a moment about how you sometimes act differently in a public setting than you might if you were at home by yourself. At home, you might be loud and rambunctious, while in public you might be much more subdued and reserved.

Why is this? Because the people around us shape our thoughts, feelings, moods, attitudes, and perceptions. The presence of other people can make a difference in the choices we make and the actions we take.

While social psychology tends to be an academic field, the research that social psychologists perform can and does have a powerful influence on our understanding of various aspects of mental health and wellbeing. For example, research on conformity has contributed to our understanding of why teenagers sometimes go to such great lengths to fit in with their social group—sometimes to the detriment of their own health and wellness.As a result, psychologists are able to develop public health programs and treatment approaches aimed at helping teenagers resist potentially harmful behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and substance use.

How Did People Become Interested in Social Psychology?
While Plato referred to the idea of the “crowd mind,” and concepts such as social loafing and social facilitation were introduced in the late 1800s, it wasn’t until after World War II that research on social psychology began in earnest.

The horrors of the Holocaust led researchers to study the effects of social influence, conformity, and obedience. What could explain why so many people participated in such terrible and evil actions, social psychologists wondered? Were people only following orders and bowing to social pressure, or were there some other forces at work that led people to engage in such devastating actions? By investigating these questions, social psychologists were able to gain a greater understanding of the power of societal forces such as authority, compliance, and obedience.4

Social psychologist Stanley Milgram, for example, was able to demonstrate just how far people are willing to go to obey authority figures. In a series of now infamous experiments, Milgram and his colleagues ordered study participants to deliver what they believed was a potentially dangerous shock to another person. In reality, the shocks were not real and the other individual was only pretending to be hurt by the electrical pulses—but a whopping 65 percent of those who took part in the study delivered the maximum level of shock simply because an authority figure told them to do so.5

Social psychology has continued to grow throughout the twentieth century, inspiring research that has contributed to our understanding of social experience and behavior. Our social world makes up such a tremendous part of our lives, so it is no wonder that this topic is so fascinating to many.

It is important to differentiate social psychology from a few similar and related subjects. Social psychology is often confused with folk wisdom, personality psychology, and sociology. What makes social psychology different? Unlike folk wisdom, which relies on anecdotal observations and subjective interpretation, social psychology employs scientific methods and the empirical study of social phenomena. Researchers do not just make guesses or assumptions about how people behave; they devise and carry out experiments that help point out relationships between different variables.

While personality psychology focuses on individual traits, characteristics, and thoughts, social psychology is focused on situations. Social psychologists are interested in the impact that the social environment and group interactions have on attitudes and behaviors.

Finally, it is important to distinguish between social psychology and sociology. While there are many similarities between the two, sociology tends to look at social behavior and influences at a very broad-based level. Sociologists are interested in the institutions and cultures that influence how people behave. Psychologists instead focus on situational variables that affect social behavior. While psychology and sociology both study similar topics, they are looking at these questions from different perspectives.

What makes social psychology such an important topic? A quick glimpse at the daily news shows just how profoundly social problems can impact people’s lives. By better understanding these issues, psychologists can look for ways to prevent, identify, and remedy such problems. Social psychologists focus on societal concerns that have a powerful influence on individual wellbeing as well as the health of society as a whole, including problems such as substance use, crime, prejudice, domestic abuse, public health, bullying, and aggression.

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Do You Know, Why We Write Blogs?

First of all, what is the blog, everyone knows the blog, but here is the question of what is the technical turn and where is the origin of the blog? well, I tell you, the blog started out as a mix of what was happening in a person’s life and what was happening on the Web, a kind of hybrid diary/news site, and a person who has knowledge of how to post any news or new thing they begin their life with small blogs and they continue to word the success. furthermore, look about the origin of  The word “blog” is a shortened version of weblogs or weblogs. Besides being shorter and catchier, “blog” seems less likely to cause confusion, as “weblog” can also mean a server’s log files. in the past, not many people aware of the posting blogs, and there were not many facilities provided on the internet to post a blog, but in the last 10 or 15 years the trend of posting blogs is growing like a rocket.

people post many kinds of blogs like technology, photography, lifestyle, cooking, daily knowledge, general knowledge, news regarding pollution and Government, and many more. by sharing the post, people can share their experience and they can also pass their time if they do not have work to do. Nowadays, many companies and organizations like EDUindec.com and other NGOs higher the writer and give access to write something and post on their website or share on their social media and get the popularity, many organization also provide the education on these and how to bring more people on the site by getting this education on can easily understand the process of SEO (search engine optimization). there are some websites and domains, which provide free workspaces to write or promote social media handles.

However, many online e-commerce sites also on the trading and they start there platform by sharing the information on the blogs and through they share the product on their blog like clothes, accessories, computer parts, cooking books, and more. there are some famous bloggers Amit Agarwal, who is a Google Developer Expert, Amit Bhawani, who is also a famous tech blogger and he also has own youtube channels, so he starts to build his future by posting technology-related blogs, and in last, Srinivas Tamada he also famous Indian blogger post blog regarding the SQL databases and new database software for those people who wont to know about the databases of companies.

Here some advantages of having and writing blogs:

 

  1. Instant Marketing and Publicity: Now as people read, they learn about your work, your life, and/or your interest. You are on-air as long as your website is up. For about 10 to 30 minutes a day depending on how much effort you place, you are to impart something different to your readers, it might be knowledge or entertainment but as long as they get something, they finish your article with you leaving a mark in them at that moment. And that’s what’s important, ’cause when you do, you just got yourself a tribe.
  2. Increase in Search Ranking: Compared to a static portfolio, a blog counterpart is much friendlier to search engines because of the fresh content it offers once in a while. The friendlier you are, the better chances of you being searched for. And in case you haven’t thought about it, your blog can also include your portfolio which can be easily update-able rather than tinkering with your.html code just to insert another work.
  3. You gain additional income: Some of the successful people in the blogging industry choose to have additional income by placing some ads beside their website.  In some cases, their website becomes a marketing tool for other companies because of market specifics they cover. Other companies don’t like to make blogs for the heck of it, so in turn, they use other bloggers to market their services or product, and guess what? They pay for it!, For other online ad-companies, a mere browse through is enough to add to your piggybank, for others, you need clicks and to some, you need sales. But whichever the case is, you are earning passively for writing about things you love.

 

 

RHONDA BYRNE’S THE SECRET : A BOOK REVIEW

Rhonda Byrne is an Australian writer. Before becoming an author, she began her career as a radio producer and then a television produce. She was extremely close to her father and after the death of her father at 2004, Byrne had gone into depression. Her daughter helped her to come out of the depression and with her influence Byrne read The Science of Getting Rich by Wallace D. Wattles, and regained positivity in life. She then uncovered the law of attraction and understood how to find success in life. After that she started her research about the law of attractions and thus, she delivered THE SECRET in 2006.

The book has the ability to change a life in a positive way. It is a psychological and philosophical book. The Secret became a turning point in Byrne’s life.  Her book became so popular that it became the worldwide best seller book. The book is available in 50 languages and has 34 million copies in print. The book is a compilation of laws and secrets that Byrne researched about and applied in her own life to achieve health, success and positivity. It is really commendable how masterfully she brought all her life changing experiences in this book. Byrne got to understand the great secret and by writing this book she tried to help the world to experience it.

The book is comprised of Laws of Attraction and the great mysteries of the universe which can be found in fragments in literatures, religions and oral traditions. Byrne collected all those pieces and wrote this life transforming book.  The book comprises of some life lessons and wisdoms which successful people have used in their lives to achieve health, wealth, positivity, healthy relationships and how they have eradicated diseases and obstacles from their lives. This book brings into light the untapped secrets of the universe which helps the readers to discover the inner power within them. The book is written in a very interesting format with so many illustrations which makes it different from others.

The book is all about The Law of Attraction. Law of Attraction is a process, by using this method, you can achieve anything you want in life. All you need to do is just constantly think about it. There are total three processes in this Law of Attraction, mentioned in this book. The first one is, ASK. You have to ask yourself what you actually want and then you just have to continuously thinking about it. The second step is BELIEVE. You have to believe that you are going to get what you want. You need to act like you have already received what you want or what are the things you are going to do after receiving what you want. The third and the last step is RECEIVE. In this step you have to only stay positive and feel good about what you are asking for, as if you are receiving it just now. You just need to be happy and grateful about it. These are the only things this book talks about with plethora of examples of great and ordinary people, who have already applied it in their lives and got successful.

There are mixed reviews about this book. Many people think the book to be a life transforming one and some think that it is a time waste to read this book. This book requires your patience to read and understand it. Many thinks that “if you want anything from your heart, the universe will conspire in helping you to achieve it”, is a myth. This book proves them wrong by giving the scientific logic behind it. The book is also made into a film in 2007. After the success of this book Byrne wrote few sequels of it like, The Power, The Magic and The Hero. These were also best sellers and got tremendous success.

5 Tips for Boosting Productivity

Twenty-four hours is often not enough time in the day to knock out everything that’s on your to-do list, especially when distractions are nearby. However, being productive is essential for success. This semester, significantly boost your productivity by keeping these simple tips in mind:

Avoid multitasking

Many people are under the impression that multitasking actually helps them get more things done faster. However, the opposite tends to be true. The American Psychological Association found that the brain isn’t designed for multitasking, especially when one of those tasks is complex. Instead, concentrate on one thing so it gets your full attention.

Exercise

When you have a lot to do, exercise may not be your top priority. However, you may want to make some time for a quick workout. The Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine has reported that exercise could actually help improve productivity. The good news is, you don’t need an hour workout in order to reap the benefits. Take a walk outside to get your blood pumping so you can come back to your to-do list with a fresh mind.

Plan

Before you jump into everything you have to do for the day, make a plan for yourself. What are you going to accomplish first? Do you want to knock out the easy stuff and leave the complex tasks for later? Or would you rather start on the harder to-dos? You may be less stressed about getting your work done when you have a game plan for exactly how you’re going to approach each assignment.

Think about your workspace

The place you sit down to get your work done can have a big effect on your productivity. For instance, you might have a desk at home, but if you live with someone, you could get distracted. Try working elsewhere, whether it’s putting in some headphones and studying at your favorite coffee shop or heading to the library where it’s nice and quiet.

Keep interruptions to a minimum

It’s going to be tough to avoid every single distraction that may arise during the day, but there are certain things you can do to keep them to a minimum. For instance, turn your phone on silent and put it away so you’re not getting interrupted by constant calls, texts and notifications. You may also be less tempted to pick it up if it’s not right next to you. Avoiding distractions could also be as simple as closing a door so people are less likely to stop and chat.

Stop the Nonsense – The MBA Market Is Not Flooded!

It’s hard to imagine that anyone would suggest that pursuing a better future through education is a bad thing.
Yet, there are some critics – in the media, government and even in academia – who would want people to believe that there are too many people pursuing a master’s degree in business, often referred to as an MBA.
As Dean of Graduate Programs at Herzing University, I have tracked articles written by alarmists who are questioning the continued value of obtaining an MBA degree. These articles try to scare readers into believing that the job market is saturated with MBA holders.
I acknowledge that during the “Great Recession” of 2008-2009 many people with advanced degrees became unemployed and had struggled to find that corner office job again. But it’s important to recognize that many more individuals with undergraduate degrees or no degree at all lost their jobs and are competing for jobs against those with MBAs.
The evidence today supports the value of the MBA degree across all regions of the United States, including the job demand for well educated, critical-thinking, problem-solving leaders.
In Akane Otani’s January 7, 2015, article in Bloomberg Business, “Salaries for Business School Graduates Will Go Up in 2015,” Otani reported that more-than-half of the 169 employers who responded to a survey by the Graduate Management Admission Council said that they will raise beginning salaries for newly hired MBAs to match inflation. Otani’s article also identified that almost 20 percent of the employers indicated that they would increase salaries to exceed inflation. In addition, 72 percent of the companies expect to hire MBAs in 2015, as compared with 69 percent in 2014. I may be wrong, but rising entry-level salaries and increased hiring across almost three-quarters of the economy are not on the list of supply glut indicators.
A more recent article by Andrew Eder on March 2, 2015, published by BBC about a Wisconsin business college, shared that it had seen job postings for MBA graduates increase 36 percent in 2015. One business dean quoted in that article stated, “It’s going to be a (graduating) students’ market for the next 15-plus years.” In support of Eder, during the May 2015 “Association for Talent Development (ATD) Conference” in Orlando, Fla., the sentiment about the future prospects for MBA graduates from over a dozen attending college and university representatives was optimistic.
In Eder’s article, Barbara Hewitt, Senior Associate Director of Career Services at the Wharton School, stated that its MBA graduates only had a 4.2 percent unemployment rate six months following graduation – almost the exact findings reported by Herzing University. Strong employability prospects are probably the best reason to earn an MBA.
My advice is that the next time you see an article headline questioning the value of the MBA in today’s market, don’t waste your time with alarmist rhetoric. The evidence is clear. The evidence is convincing. The opportunities for the prepared MBA graduate are here today. The economy is growing, businesses are hiring, and competition from undergraduates will increase. It is your time… your money…your career… it is time to further your career with an MBA.
Dr. Ron Kern is the Dean of Graduate Programs at Herzing University. He previously served as Dean of Graduate Programs at Kaplan University and Dean of Academic Affairs at the Fischler School of Education and Human Services at Nova Southeastern University. He is a frequent speaker in the areas of graduate business, nursing and education degrees; doctoral dissertation completion; and Hispanic attainment and success in higher education.
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Giving Back – Orlando Supports Local Ronald McDonald House

“Without community service, we would not have a strong quality of life.  It’s important to the person who serves as well as the recipient.  It’s the way in which we ourselves grow and develop.” – Dorothy Height
Giving back to the community is not a special event, but rather a part of who we are here at Herzing University.
Last month, the Caring and Community Committee from Herzing’s Orlando Campus volunteered at the Ronald McDonald House Charities of Central Florida (RMHCCF). This amazing organization provides a home away from home for families receiving medical care in the local area.
We were inspired by the fact that 60% of this charity’s recipients are central Florida residents. We share their sense of responsibility to be an active, rather than reactive, member of this great community!
The Caring & Community Committee, made up of faculty and staff, purchased groceries and prepared a delicious home-cooked meal consisting of baked ziti, salad and breadsticks. It was an amazing experience to see families with such strength of character in the face of serious illnesses.
At Herzing University, community service isn’t just part of who we are, it’s how we learn and grow. So, we encourage you to find a cause that you believe in and give back.
About the Author: Heatherann Antonacci, MBA, has dedicated the past seven years living out the mission of Herzing University as Campus President of Herzing – Orlando. As a single mother of two, Heatherann went to college as an adult learner. She knows firsthand the benefits of higher education. An advocate for building self-confidence and physical strength in young girls, she serves on the Board of Directors for the Orlando Chapter of Girls on the Run, among other leadership and advocacy roles in the Orlando area.  
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New Door opened

Online learning is making waves across the country and around the world in a way that transcends traditional education. Today’s youth style is all about doing it online. Then their education is not available online. We are going through the most important time in which we can divide the stage of growth of the world into two. There is no doubt that the post-Coronal world will certainly be different in some areas than the existing world. The best example of this is our education. We all know what the education sector’s shift from traditional learning methods to modern technology has been in the past. But the last one has seen the field of education over the last couple of months. This can be understood by looking at a study report before Corona.

A study by Google and leading audit firm KPMG reveals that the country’s online education industry will be worth $ 2 billion ($ 12,800 crore) by 2021-22. According to the study, the number of online paid online educators is currently growing from 16 lakhs to six million by 2021. Reduced data costs, the proliferation of smart phones, and customized content in local languages ​​are the reasons for online education becoming more widespread. Online inquiries about education have doubled in the last few years. Mobile is three times as much. 44% of these inquiries come from Tier Two and Three cities. According to the study, YouTube’s use of educational data has increased manifold in the past year. Now, let’s take a look at our education sector at this time of the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The amount of changes that have taken place is incredible. Despite the huge impact Corona has put on the country, the big positives of the lockdown in the country’s education sector have led to a new revolution.

There have been many changes in the way education has been around for ages. It is reserved for the time being. The world has seen a lot of changes in the way education and infrastructure work. If so, what does future education look like? Will education evolve to another level? Looking back at the evolutionary period of the study, we can find some answers. Everything from hieroglyphics to letters, from sign language to pronunciation, from textboard to electronic style, from gurus to online learning. Today, online learning continues to dominate everyone. With the advent of technology, learning has become easier for many. Geographical and physical boundaries were changed and education became available to all. Technology to online education has evolved from teacher to student to teacher and class. The classrooms are irrelevant when we can sit and study any subject at any time of our choosing. Millions of students today use online educational technologies, not just in cities but also in villages.

If our traditional educational institutions continue to have old classrooms, chalkboards, text books, notebooks, question papers, answer paper bundles and assessment camps, they will not go much farther. The four-wall study in schools and colleges is likely to serve as a proof of competency. Today society recognizes that they have no other benefits. A recent study suggests that these walls may be out. The study will suit you and your choice. It will break all geographical and linguistic fences

FINANCE-SOME BASICS

Finance is required by a business to establish and run its operations is known as Business finance. No business can function without an adequate amount of funds for undertaking various activities. The funds are required for purchasing fixed assets (fixed capital requirement), for running day-to-day operations ( working capital requirements) and for undertaking growth and expansion. Finance is a major function of any business enterprise, it deals with the arrangement of an adequate amount of capital to achieve the objectives of the enterprise and for the development of the enterprise.

SOURCES OF FINANCE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUSINESS FIRMS

No one can start a business or run an enterprise without adequate funds. Every business requires money to start which is called initial capital. In business, capital is required for both productions as well as the distribution of goods and services. The amount of capital required depends upon the nature and size of the business. The requirement of capital and sources of capital for different types of business firms are:

1. Sources of finance for sole trade

 A sole trader operates at a smallscale and requires a limited amount of capital to procure fixed assets and also for meeting day-to-day expenses. The proprietor brings in his capital to meet the above expenses. In a sole trade, owned capital consists of the owner’s contribution, and also earned profits are credited to his capital account at each financial year. In a sole trade, owned capital consists of the owner’s contribution, and also earned profits are credited to his capital account at the end of each financial year. In addition to this, a trader can raise by taking a loan from his family, friends, relatives and any known people and also can borrow money from banks and any financial institutions. Short-term finance to meet the day-to-day expenses and requirements may be obtained from commercial banks and long-term finance for the purchase of fixed assets is obtained from the state financial corporation and other financial corporations. The Central and central governments also provide financial assistance to small scale units to encourage Entrepreneurship and self-employment.




2. Sources of finance for a partnership firm

Capital requirement for a partnership firm is bigger than that of a sole trader business. The owned capital is contributed by the partners themselves in an agreed proportion. Accumulated profits of the firm credited to the accounts of partners also constitute a part of owned capital. A partnership firm can also raise loans from commercial banks and other financial institutions. In case of need, partners also advance loans to the firm.

3.Sources of finance for a joint-stock company

A joint-stock company generally requires a very large amount of capital in comparison to a sole trade and a partnership firm. A joint-stock company raises capital through the issue of shares and debentures. In addition to the issue of shares and debentures, it can utilize and retain profits in the form of reserves. It can raise borrowed capital through loans from financial institutions and commercial banks.

Continuation of Criminal Proceedings After Compromise Would Cause Oppression And Prejudice To Parties: Allahabad High Court

It must be noted that the Allahabad High Court has just recently on October 30, 2019 in a latest, landmark and laudable judgment titled Smt. Gomti Devi and others vs State of UP and another in Application u/s 482 No. – 27341 of 2012 has reiterated that once the parties had decided to enter into a compromise, it would be oppressive and prejudicial to continue the proceedings. Why should the parties continue to suffer even after the compromise is entered into? Why should the proceedings not be nipped in the bud once the parties had decided to enter into a compromise?

                               To start with, this noteworthy judgment authored by Justice Sanjay Kumar Singh of Allahabad High Court first and foremost reads out the introductory part by observing that, “Heard learned counsel for the applicants, learned Additional Government Advocate for the State/opposite party No. 1 and Mr. Rajeev Chaddha, learned counsel for opposite party No. 2 and perused the record with the assistance of learned counsel for the parties.”

                              To be sure, the ball is then set rolling in the real sense in this notable judgment by laying down that, “This application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. has been filed by the applicants for quashing the charge sheet No. 38 of 2012 dated 20.3.2012 as well as entire proceedings of Criminal Case No. 335 of 2012 (State vs. Smt. Madhu  and others) arising out of Case Crime No. 97 of 2012, under Section 420 IPC, police station Simbhawali, district Panchsheel Nagar pending in the court of Additional Civil Judge (Junior Division)/Judicial Magistrate-1st, Garh Mukteshwar, district Panchsheel Nagar.”

                                        While elaborating further, it is then explained in this new para about the applicants version that, “It is submitted by learned counsel for the applicants that applicant No. 1 is the purchaser of land in dispute from one Madhu Sharma, who is daughter-in-law of opposite party No. 2 and applicant Nos. 2 and 3 are the witnesses of sale deed dated 12.12.2011. It is also submitted that as per prosecution case, opposite party No. 2 lodged first information report through an application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. on 29.2.2012 making allegation inter alia that his daughter-in-law, Madhu Sharma has wrongly and illegally executed a sale deed of plot in question situated at village Goardhanpur, Ghaziabad (now district Hapur) dated 12.12.2011 in favour of applicant No. 1 after the death of his son, Pramod Kumar, in which the Investigating Officer has submitted impugned charge-sheet dated 20.3.2012 under Section 420 IPC. The said charge sheet dated 20.3.2012 has been under challenge before this Court, in which vide order dated 28.8.2012, interim protection was granted to the applicants directing that until ordered otherwise, no coercive action shall be taken against the applicants.”

                           Delving deeper, it is then stated that, “It is further submitted by learned counsel for the applicants that during the pendency of this application before this Court, parties concerned have entered into a compromise outside the Court, and thereafter, Civil Suit No. 62 of 2017 filed by grand-son of opposite party No. 2 for cancellation of sale deed dated 12.12.2011 has been decided in terms of compromise made between the parties concerned vide order dated 4.5.2017, which has been brought on record as annexure No. 2 to the supplementary affidavit dated 27.2.2018.”

                                  Not stopping here, it is then envisaged that, “It is also submitted that opposite party No. 2, Om Prakash has also moved an affidavit dated 16.10.2017 before the court of Additional Civil Judge (Junior Division)/Judicial Magistrate, Garhmukteshwar in Case No. 335 of 2012 (State vs. Smt. Gomti Devi and others) mentioning the factum of compromise made between the parties concerned praying therein to decide the case in terms of compromise, as he does not want to get the case proceeded further. On the said affidavit, order dated 11.1.2018 has been passed by the concerned court below accepting the said compromise affidavit on record. The said order dated 11.1.2018 has been brought on record as annexure No. 5 to the supplementary affidavit dated 27.2.2018.”

                                   Going forward, it is then also pointed out that, “It is also submitted that on account of compromise entered into between the parties concerned, all disputes between them have come to an end and on the aforesaid facts continuance of criminal proceedings pursuant to impugned charge-sheet against the applicants after compromise arrived at between the parties would be a futile exercise, therefore, same is liable to be quashed by this Court.”

                                          Needless to say, it is then also pointed out that, “Learned Additional Government Advocate as well as learned counsel appearing on behalf of opposite party No. 2 do not dispute the aforesaid fact. Learned counsel for opposite party No. 2 has also submitted at the Bar that since the parties concerned have settled their dispute as mentioned above, therefore, opposite party No. 2 has no grievance and has no objection in quashing the impugned criminal proceedings against the applicants.”

                                                It cannot be lost on us that it is then rightly laid down that, “After having heard the arguments of learned counsel for the parties, before proceeding further, it is apposite to give reference of some judgments of the Apex Court, wherein the Apex Court has laid down the guideline for quashing of criminal proceedings arising out of non-compoundable offences under Section 320 Cr.P.C. on the basis of compromise and amicable settlement of criminal cases involving offences which arise from commercial, financial, mercantile, partnership or similar transaction with an essentially civil flavor dispute, etc. between the parties concerned, which are as follows:-

(i)                         Nikhil Merchant vs Central Bureau of Investigation, 2008 (9) SCC 677.

(ii)                      Manoj Sharma vs State and others, 2008 (16) SCC 1.

(iii)                   Parbatbhai Aahir @ Parbatbhai Vs. State of Gujarat, (2017) 9 SCC 641.

(iv)                   The Apex Court in case of State of Madhya Pradesh Vs. Laxmi Narayan and others AIR 2019 SC 1296, considering previous judgments and section 320 Cr.P.C. has laid down guideline for exercising the inherent power under Section 482 Cr.P.C. in case of settlement of dispute between the parties concerned. Paragraph no. 13 of the said judgment is reproduced herein-below:-

“13. Considering the law on the point and the other decision of this Court on the point, referred to hereinabove, it is observed and held as under:

  1. i)that the power conferred under Section 482 of the Code to quash the criminal proceedings for the non-compoundable offences under Section 320 of the Code can be exercised having overwhelmingly and predominantly the civil character, particularly those arising out of commercial transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes and when the parties have resolved the entire dispute amongst themselves;
  2. ii)such power is not to be exercised in those prosecutions which involved heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society;

iii)           similarly, such power is not to be exercised for the offences under the special statutes like Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity  are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender;

  1. iv)offences under Section 307 IPC and the Arms Act etc. would fall in the category of heinous and serious offences and therefore are to be treated as crime against the society and not against the individual alone, and therefore, the criminal proceedings for the offence under Section 307 IPC and/or the Arms Act etc., which have a serious impact on the society cannot be quashed in exercise of powers under Section 482 of the Code, on the ground that the parties have resolved their entire dispute amongst themselves. However, the High Court would not rest its decision merely because there is a mention of Section 307 IPC in the FIR or the charge is framed under this provision. It would be open to the High Court to examine as to whether incorporation of Section 307 IPC is there for the sake of it or the prosecution has collected sufficient evidence, which if proved, would lead to framing the charge under Section 307 IPC. For this purpose, it would be open to the High Court to go by the nature of injury sustained, whether such injury is inflicted on the vital/delegate parts of the body, nature of weapons used etc. However, such an exercise by the High Court would be permissible only after the evidence is collected after investigation and the charge sheet is filed/charge is framed and/or during the trial. Such exercise is not permissible when the matter is still under investigation. Therefore, the ultimate conclusion in paragraphs 29.6 and 29.7 of the decision of this Court in the case of Narinder Singh (supra) should be read harmoniously and to be read as a whole and in the circumstances stated hereinabove;
  2. v)while exercising the power under Section 482 of the Code to quash the criminal proceedings in respect of non-compoundable offences, which are private in nature and do not have a serious impact on society, on the ground that there is a settlement/compromise between the victim and the offender, the High Court is required to consider the antecedents of the accused; the conduct of the accused, namely, whether the accused was absconding and why he was absconding, how he had managed with the complainant to enter into a compromise etc.””

                                                 What can be deduced from the above foregoing discussion is stated thus: “On going through the judgments referred herein above makes it very clear that even in the cases which involved non-compoundable offences, their quashing has been approved by the Apex Court if the nature of the offence is such which does not have grave and wider social ramifications and where the dispute is more or less confined between the litigating parties. The inherent jurisdiction of this Court may be suitably exercised if the parties inter-se have mutually decided to bury the hatchet and settle the matter amicably in between them in a criminal litigation emanating from such dispute which are quintessentially of civil nature and other criminal litigations, which do not have grave and deleterious social fall-outs. The Court in the wider public interest may suitably exercise its power in appropriate case and terminate the pending proceedings in order to secure ends of justice or to prevent an abuse of the process of any court. Such positive exercise of the inherent jurisdiction can also find its vindication in a more pragmatic reason. When the complainant of a case or the victim of the offence itself expresses its resolve not to give evidence against the accused in the backdrop of the compromise between the parties inter-se or if the fact of inter-se compromise in between the parties is apparent on the face of record, and they are still called upon to depose in the Court, they in all probability, go back on their words and resile from their previous statements, the truthfulness of which is best known only to themselves. They are in such circumstances very likely to eat their words and perjure themselves. The solemn proceedings of the Court often get reduced to a sham exercise and farce in such circumstances. The proceedings can hardly be taken to their logical culmination and in such circumstances, the prospect of the conviction gets lost.”

                                   More importantly, Justice Sanjay Kumar Singh also in this judgment minces no words to conclude that, “The object of criminal law is primarily to visit the offender with certain consequences. He may be made to suffer punishment or by paying compensation to the sufferer, but the law at the same time also provides that it may not be necessary in every criminal offence to mete out punishment, particularly, if the parties concerned wants to bury the hatchet. If they want to move on in a dispute of civil nature on the basis of compromise, they may be allowed to compound the offences in terms of settlement.”

                                    Most importantly, it is then rightly held that, “After compromise/settlement arrived at between the parties in the present case, the chance of ultimate conviction is bleak and therefore, no useful purpose is likely to be served by allowing a criminal prosecution against the applicants to continue, as the same would be futile exercise and a sheer wastage of precious time of the Court. The continuation of a criminal proceedings after compromise would cause oppression and prejudice to the parties concerned.”

                                           Equally important if not more is what it is then held that, “Considering the facts and circumstances of the case in the light of dictum and guideline laid down by the Apex Court as mentioned above, this Court feels that this is a fit case, where this Court can exercise its inherent power to secure the ends of justice. In view of above interest of justice would be met, if the prayer of parties is acceded to and the criminal proceedings and other litigation between the parties is brought to an end.”

                                              Lastly, it is then held that, “As a fallout and consequence of above discussions, charge sheet No. 38 of 2012 dated 20.3.2012 as well as entire proceedings of Criminal Case No. 335 of 2012 (State vs. Smt. Madhu and others) arising out of Case Crime No. 97 of 2012, under Section 420 IPC, police station Simbhawali, district Panchsheel Nagar pending in the court of Additional Civil Judge (Junior Division)/Judicial Magistrate-1st, Garh Mukteshwar, district Panchsheel Nagar against the applicants are hereby quashed. The instant application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. is allowed in terms of compromise as mentioned above.”

                                    In conclusion, it may well be said that the Allahabad High Court has in this extremely laudable judgment very rightly reiterated once again that continuation of criminal proceedings after compromise would cause oppression and prejudice to the parties. The curtains have thus been set on this vital issue. There is thus now no lingering doubt left on this that has not been clarified most clearly by the Allahabad High Court on this key issue!

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.

India Cannot Be Ever Complete Without Muslims

It was most ashaming to see that how the students of Banaras Hindu University’s (BHU’s) Sanskrit Vedvigyan Sankay (SVDVS) went on strike  demanding the cancellation of the appointment of Assistant Professor Feroze Khan and transfer him to another faculty. These students were opposing the appointment of a Muslim to teach Sanskrit in Banaras Hindu University’s Sanskrit studies department! Nothing on earth can be more shameful than this! India as a nation cannot be ever complete without Muslims and this cannot be ever denied or disputed!

                                             Why do we forget that Muslims are an integral part of India just as Hindus? Why do we forget that many Muslims like Ashfaqullah Khan smilingly sacrificed their lives while fighting against the Britishers so that we can gain freedom? Why do we forget that it was Abdul Hamid who was the main hero of 1965 war against Pakistan who destroyed more than 22 tanks of Pakistan and inflicted huge damage on them?

                                             Why do we forget that we are a secular nation where all religion are equal and not a theocratic nation like Pakistan where one religion alone reigns supreme? Why do we forget that Dr Abdul Kalam was also a Muslim who fathered India’s nuclear weapons and India’s missile programmes like that of Agni, Prithvi among others and went on to become the most popular President of India acceptable to people from all religion equally? Why do we forget that Muslims have contributed for the betterment of our country in all fields? Why do we forget that it was Maulana Abul Kalam Azad who had opposed the partition of India on ground of religion till the last even though Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel and Mahatma Gandhi had agreed to it? Why do we forget that it was Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan who while opposing partition had said that, “Nehru what have you done? You have made me a foreigner in my own country by agreeing to partition of India on the basis of religion?”

                                   I cannot ever even dream of India without Muslims! I still feel that majority of Indians are secular but such shameful incidents damage the reputation of our country on the international fora! I can never forget how Maulana Mehmood Madani had sharply rebuffed former Pakistani dictator General Pervez Musharraf who when while in India had slammed the condition of Muslims in India saying that, “I am seeing that you want to do politics on the condition of Muslims in India. Don’t worry on this score as 90% Hindus are with us. They shall always remain with us.”

                                             It is good to note that students ultimately decided to call off a fortnight long protest against the appointment of a Muslim to teach Sanskrit in BHU’s Sanskrit studies department, ostensibly swayed by the huge support he received even from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and BHU Vice Chancellor Rakesh Bhatnagar as reported in Hindustan Times newspaper dated November 23. The local chapter of RSS described “as totally wrong” the protest against the appointment of Dr Firoz Khan at the department of Sahitya in the faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vigyan (SVDV). RSS which is the ideological mentor of BJP expressed full support for the appointment of Dr Firoz Khan which is extremely commendable!

                                         While elaborating on this, Jai Prakash Lal who is a senior functionary at the Kashi region RSS while coming out in full support of Dr Firoz Khan said that, “It is the firm, and clear view of the RSS that the protest on communal grounds against a person, who is dedicated to teaching Sanskrit reverentially and has been appointed through a legal selection process, is entirely wrong.”

                                    Good to see that BHU students have now called off their 15-day dharna. It was also good to see that the students associated with Joint Action Committee of BHU took out a march to support the appointment of Firoz Khan as an Assistant Professor in the faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharm Vigyan. They expressed their full solidarity with him which has only served to enhance their own image in front of the nation! A senior administrative official of the BHU also said that that 99% of the University staff and administration were behind Mr Khan.

                                    It is also good to note that even the BHU Vice Chancellor Rakesh Bhatnagar took a firm stand in favour of the appointment of Dr Firoz Khan which helped defused the protest! He said without mincing any words that, “There is no question of looking back at the matter as the appointment has been done on basis of pure merit.” Why the hell are then some few students objecting on the baseless ground of religion alone? This is most despicable and deserves no space in a democratic country like India which cannot be ever complete without Muslims!

                             In my personal life only once I witnessed a Muslim who faced discrimination on the ground of religion about which I have never written earlier. My school friend Rais Khan who studied with me in Class XI in Sagar once way back in 1990-91 while standing alone stood a lot dejected with virtual tears in his eyes. I asked him what happened. He said that wherever I go our class fellows stop talking and slowly start going away and I am left totally alone.

                                 Let me be candid enough to concede that I had never observed this till that time but when I started observing I found that he was right and wherever he used to go and stand except he and me, all used to leave on one ground or the other like going to drink water etc! My friend Rais Khan said inconsolably that, “They feel that I am Muslim and as Mulayam Singh Yadav had ordered firing on Hindus at Karsewaks in 1990 in which many Hindus had died so I should be boycotted.” I became very angry for this unpardonable act of theirs!

                                   I immediately consoled Rais and told him that I am with you so just don’t worry and we both will stay together always and you don’t bother about others. I started slamming hard all those who did such boycott act and asked them whenever they tried to taunt me for talking with him that, “What is the fault of my friend Rais Khan if Mulayam Singh Yadav ordered police to open firing on karsewaks? Did Rais Khan play any role in it? When he has no role then why are you all boycotting him for what has been done by a Hindu politician named Mulayam Singh Yadav? Why no one is boycotting him who is the real culprit and who was the real force behind ordering fire on karsewaks? Why is Rais being singled out just on ground of his being a Muslim?” These words of mine did the magic and slowly all Hindus of my class realized their folly and started talking with him gradually one after the other in a normal manner for which he thanked me but I said that there is no need to thank me as you are my friend and shall always remain so no matter what others may say or behave in the most foolish manner!

                              I must acknowledge that Rais too stood with me in my trying times and even once told the Principal most bluntly that, “If Sanjeev Sirohi will be expelled from school on any ground whatsoever then expel me also because he always stood by me in my trying times while narrating the whole incident. I will not continue with my studies without my friend Sanjeev Sirohi”. The Principal who was a “Sister” of St Joseph Convent School was visibly shaken and she commended me for standing with him when all others had boycotted him!

                                            Coming back to the subject at hand, it is most heartening to note that even Dinesh Sharma who is UP Deputy Chief Minister has come out strongly in support of Dr Firoz Khan and he categorically and clearly asserted that, “Teachers do not have any religion. Students can always raise questions about the appointment process, whether merit has been compromised in the selection process of the teacher. But students cannot raise questions about the religion of teachers. I was taught Sanskrit by a Muslim teacher, Sir Waliullah Khan, when I was studying at Government Jubilee Inter College in Lucknow. Recently, I felicitated Waliullah Khan Sir at a function held in my school. It was such an emotional moment for me.” I have just no words to appreciate Dinesh Sharma for such a strong stand as he has taken on this sensitive issue even as many others strangely prefer to keep quiet on it! Every Indian must emulate the worthy example of UP’s Deputy Chief Minister Dinesh Sharma if we truly want our nation to grow powerful, progressive and prosperous! India as a nation cannot be ever complete without Muslims and we all must ensure that no Muslim ever feels isolated on any ground whatsoever!

                                        It goes without saying that we must all live like good human beings without discriminating against anyone on ground of religion alone. Deanswift had once rightly said that, “We have just enough religion to make us hate one another but not enough to make us love one another.” We must always remember that India as a nation can be complete only with people from all religion living in peace and harmony and respecting each others sentiments always!

                               If this does not happen then there will be communal violence, strife and discord which can never be in the long term national interest of our country! Strict legal action must be taken against all those who try to discriminate against anyone on ground of religion, caste, sex or community or any other ground whatsoever! There has to be zero tolerance for intolerance!

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.

Maharashtra – Urgent Floor Test Ordered To Curtail Horse Trading, To Protect Democratic Values: SC

It is quite significant to note that just recently, the Supreme Court on November 26, 2019 in Shiv Sena And Ors. Vs Union Of India And Ors. in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1393 of 2019 in the ongoing serious political deadlock in Maharashtra has very rightly ordered an urgent floor test to be held on November 27 at 5 PM so that it may well be pretty clear as to whether the newly sworn in Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis enjoys majority in the State Assembly or not! This latest order was necessitated after Shiv Sena knocked the doors of the Apex Court along with Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) and Congress. It is also notable that the Apex Court has made some very important observations which shall be discussed later.

                                      To start with, this notable and latest judgment delivered by Justice NV Ramana, Justice Ashok Bhushan and Justice Sanjiv Khanna sets the ball rolling by first and foremost pointing out in para 1 that, “There is no gainsaying that the boundaries between the jurisdiction of Courts and Parliamentary independence have been contested for a long time [Erskine May, Parliamentary Practice, 25th edition, 321 (2019)]. However, there is a need and requirement for recognizing institutional comity and separation of powers so as to tailor judicial interference in the democratic processes only as a last resort. This case pertains to one such situation, wherein this Court is called upon to adjudicate and maintain democratic values and facilitate the fostering of the citizens’ right of good governance.”

                                  While laying the background, it is then recapitulated in para 2 that, “Before we pass any orders, we need to make a brief reference to the factual aspects giving rise to the petition herein. It was well known that there existed a pre-poll alliance between the Bharatiya Janata Party [for short ‘BJP’] and the Shiv Sena, who contested the Fourteenth Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections jointly. On 24.10.2019, the results for the aforesaid elections were declared and no single party had the requisite majority in the House. On 09.11.2019, the Governor called upon the BJP to indicate its willingness to form the Government, being the single largest party with 105 seats. However, the BJP declined to form the Government on 10.11.2019, as the alliance with the Shiv Sena allegedly broke down.” This clearly manifests that at this point of time the BJP did not have the requisite numbers to prove its majority in the floor of the House!

                                              Moving on, it is then illustrated in para 3 that, “Subsequently, the Governor invited the Shiv Sena to form the Government. In this regard, the Shiv Sena is said to have shown its willingness to stake a claim to form the Government, claiming to have support of the majority. However, the aforesaid endeavor was not fruitful either. Thereafter, the Governor’s effort to seek the Nationalist Congress Party’s [for short ‘NCP’] willingness to stake a claim to form the Government was also not successful. Ultimately, the Governor recommended President’s Rule on 12.11.2019, which was imposed by a Presidential Proclamation on the same day.” This clearly manifests that no party had the requisite numbers and the Opposition were not united in staking claim to form the Government at that point of time. The coalition between Shiv Sena, Congress and NCP took an excruciatingly long time to emerge as a legitimate stakeholder. This alone explains why we saw that President’s rule was imposed.

                         Needless to say, it is then laid bare in para 4 that, “It is brought to our attention that the Petitioners, i.e. , Shiv Sena, NCP and the Indian National Congress [for short ‘INC’] were in discussion to form a coalition government during this period, and accordingly, a press conference is supposed to have been held on 22.11.2019 regarding the same.”

                                     Going forward, it is then enunciated in para 5 that, “It has been canvassed before us that at 5:47 a.m., on 23.11.2019, the President’s Rule was revoked in exercise of powers conferred by clause (2) of Article 356 of the Constitution. Thereafter, the Governor, by letter dated 23.11.2019 invited Respondent No. 3 to form the Government. The oath of office and secrecy was administered accordingly to Respondent Nos. 3 and 4 at around 8:00 a.m. on 23.11.2019 at Raj Bhavan, Mumbai.” This came in for a lot of stinging criticism from various quarters as transparency in sticking to rules were given a complete good bye!

                               Most importantly, it is then very rightly held in para 27 that, “We may note that in the present case, oath has not been administered to the elected members even though a month has elapsed since the declaration of election results. In such emergent facts and circumstances, to curtail unlawful practices such as horse trading, to avoid uncertainty and to effectuate smooth running of democracy by ensuring a stable Government, we are of the considered opinion that it is necessary to pass certain interim directions in this case. In this context, it is necessary and expedient to conduct the floor test as soon as possible to determine whether the Chief Minister, who was administered the oath of office, has the support of the majority or not. Since the elected members of the Legislative Assembly are yet to take oath as specified in the III Schedule of the Constitution, and the Speaker is also yet to be elected, we request the Governor of the State of Maharashtra to ensure that a floor test be held on 27.11.2019. The following procedure is to be followed for conducting the floor test:

  1. Pro-tem Speaker shall be solely appointed for the aforesaid agenda immediately.
  2. All the elected members shall take oath on 27.11.2019, which exercise should be completed before 5:00 p.m.
  3. Immediately thereafter, the Pro-tem Speaker shall conduct the floor test in order to ascertain whether the Respondent No. 3 has the majority, and these proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with law. The floor test will not be conducted by secret ballot.
  4. The proceedings have to be live telecast, and appropriate arrangements are to be made to ensure the same.”

                                            Lastly, it is then held in para 28 that, “Eight weeks time is granted to the learned counsel for the respondents to file their respective counter affidavits. Rejoinder affidavit, if any, is to be filed within four weeks thereafter. The matter to be listed after twelve weeks.”

                                            On a concluding note, it may well be said that the Apex Court has chosen the right path in holding that  a floor test to be held on 27.11.2019. The Apex Court has rightly decided not to delay this crucial matter any further as it would have only served in ensuring that horse trading happens which can never be allowed under any circumstances as it gives a bad name to our democratic country and ensures that corrupt politicians rule the roost! To ensure that no unfair means are resorted to by any of the political party and to ensure that democratic values are  duly protected, the Apex Court has also rightly decided to direct that the  proceedings have to be live telecast, and appropriate arrangements are to be made to ensure the same!  It has also been made clear that the floor test will not be conducted by secret ballot. It is a highly commendable ruling and it has rightly relied on the proposition that floor test was the best method to test majority and certainly it must be lauded unequivocally!

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.

Guide to live a Happy Life !

–You’re going to realise it one day-
That happiness was never about your job, or you degree, or being in a relationship. Happiness was never about following  the footsteps of all of those who came before you, it was never about being like others.
One day you are going to see  it – that happiness was all about the discovery, the hope, the listening to your heart and following or wherever it chose to go. Happiness was always about being kinder to yourself, it was always about embracing the person you are becoming. One day you will understand that happiness was all about learning how to live with yourself, that it was never in the hands of other people. It was about you , It is about you and It will always be about you–

Since long time, I’ve been exploring the best ways that people can live happily. And over the last year.
Outsmart Your Smartphone,Conscious Tech Habits for Finding Happiness, Balance, and Connection IRL. Even though there are tons of things you can do to live a happier life, I’ve narrowed our focus down to the 10 skills you can build that I believe are the most important to increase happiness. By building these skills, you can start to live a happy life.

1. Live a happy life by creating a plan for your happiness.

You wouldn’t bake a cake without a recipe. You wouldn’t go to a place you’ve never been without a map. And you shouldn’t try to build happiness without a plan either. Creating a good happiness plan is what takes you from where you are now to the happy life you envision.

2. Develop yourself to live a happy life.

Remember when something you wanted to do seemed impossible? Maybe it was that first time you rode a bike, or drove a car, or asked someone out on a date. Then you did it and realized you had it in you all along. Creating a happy life is the same way — the first step is believing in yourself and your ability to live happily. Then you’ll see that you had it in you all along. This is why engaging in personal development is key to living a happy life.

3. Think positive to create a happy life. 

We all know someone who will find the one bad thing in every situation. Maybe this person is us. If we learn to think positive instead, we can make even the most obnoxious situations more enjoyable, creating a happier life from the one we have now. Every moment of every day is a little better, because we can find the silver linings. This is why positive thinking is key to a happier life.

4. Boost your self-confidence to create a happy life.

If we don’t have self-confidence, it’s easy to think that there’s something fundamentally wrong with us — that there’s nothing we can do to change ourselves and create the happy life we desire. But self-confidence is actually a skill. When we learn how to think, feel, and act in ways that make us a person we really love, we can be more self-confident and, as a result, live happily more easily.

5. Create work-life balance for a happy life. 

Are you exhausted, demotivated, and in desperate need of a break? By learning how to create better work-life balance, you can make better use of the limited time you do have in your life. As a result, you end up enjoying all parts of your life a bit more.

6. Build resilience for a happier life. 

Sometimes life knocks you down — there is no getting around that. What really matters for creating a happy life is how easy it is for you to get back up. Developing emotional resilience keeps those challenges and hardships from overwhelming you. You recover more quickly from difficulties, and as a result, you’ll live happily more days each month and year.

7. Be more mindful to create a happy life. 

Now that we live in a high-tech world, we go through much of our lives on autopilot. As a result, we miss out on the best parts of being alive — positive experiences, connections with others, and even having fun. So maybe we already have a happy life . . . and we just don’t see it. When you become more mindful and self-aware, you stop feeling so numb and are able to better enjoy everything your life has to offer.

8. Find your life purpose for a happy life. 

We all want our lives to feel like they matter. It can be tricky, though, to figure out what matters to us. Each person’s life purpose is different, and learning to notice when you’ve found your purpose is a skill. By building this skill, your life becomes more meaningful and more satisfying, so you can live happily more easily.

9. Practice kindness to live a happier life.

We’re often so focused on boosting our own happiness that we ignore how we affect others. This is a huge mistake, because kindness is, counterintuitively, one of the best ways to create a happy life. Acts of kindness fuel a longer-lasting, more enduring type of happiness. So when you build this skill, you live more of your days happily.

10. Build healthy relationships for a happy life.

So often we think that a happy life is something we must build on our own. But long-term happiness actually comes from the relationships that we build with others. In fact, healthy relationships are the most important factor in both our health and our happiness. This is why learning how to develop better relationships helps you live happily for life.

Here are some steps which will help to boost the above skills :

~ Clarify why you want a happy life.
~ Clarify when you’ll build the skills that lead to a happy life.
~ Decide which happiness skills to build.
~ Decide in what order you will build the skills that lead to a happy life.
~ Commit to your goal to create a happier life.
~ Develop a growth mindset that focuses on           your belief in your ability to create a happy life.
~ Identify your values.
~ Define a happy life in your own words.
~ Record your progress towards personal development.
~ Get some help developing yourself to build a happy life.
~ Help your brain get used to thinking positive.
~ Start your day by imagining the way it looks in your happy life.
~ Savor positive moments.
~ Capitalize on positive moments.
~ Pay attention to the positive things.
~ Create a collection of positive images or positive quotes.
~ Think positive, but think negative when you need to​.
~ Practice gratitude​.
~ Stop minimizing your successes​.
~ Practice self-compassion.
~  Imagine your best self.
~ Know your strengths.
~ Celebrate your successes.
~ Practice mindful acceptance.
~ Observe your situation to increase your awareness​.
~ Find the positives in negative situations​.
~ Create a collection of images or quotes that inspire you to live happily.
~ Understand the benefits of negative emotions.
~ Beef up your coping skills.
~ Stop your negative thought cycles.
~ Be more present in the moment.
~ Take breaks from technology.
~ Pay more attention to find the meaning in your life.
~ Spend more time uninterrupted
~ Identify your values.
~ Find out what drives you.

Of course, building all of these skills takes time. If you need help, get support to walk you through the steps and guide you on your journey to living a happier life

How Social Media fits into Digital Marketing.

Social media is one of the most important platform for digital marketing as the presence on social media helps to reach out a number of audience which later turn into their customers.

Digital marketing uses the social media platform to promote their business ideas, products or services. It is the best way to engage traffic to their sites and attract large amount of audience. The main aim of digital marketing is to reach the target audience and social media helps it to reach millions of people around the world in just few minutes.

Benefits of Digital marketing on Social media.

Improved marketing strategies.

As social media allows people to connect with each other and it also allows the marketers to observe the user data and the day to day activities of the people or customers and get to learn their intrests and dislikes and then take further steps on a regular basis to plan their marketing strategies accordingly, this leads to an improved and stable marketing business.

Improvement and increase in sales.

As social media allows the customers to view your products and order online they take the opportunity and avail the offer or services as soon as possible. As the customers reach out to your products and make a purchase, you can get the credentials which are required to contact them later on for further more advertisements. Moreover if they tend to like the product, chances are that they could become your regular customer and the reviews they leave online and the people they meet and let them know about your business will also help in the publicity of your company.

Improved customer satisfaction.

The most important aspect of Social media in terms of digital marketing is that it helps the customers to keep their word, send their feedback and ask their questions or queries regarding the products or the brand. Social media allows you to quickly review their feedback and quickly resolve their queries, this way the customers have no doubts and this operation leads to satisfied customers and what do satisfied customers do? That’s right they are your lead and will help you in boosting your business.

Improved Brand awareness.

Having a strong brand name on social media is very important as majority of the customers before buying any of their desired products go through online websites and social media. A strong. Brand name could attract them to your product and make them your customer. You can take your brand on Facebook and Instagram for better results, as by publishing Facebook ads, it could lead to get you a lot of customers.

Improved SEO rankings.

As the audience from social media carry a lot of traffic to your website, it makes you stand out from your competition due to the social signals received by your website. As a result search engines are more likely to rank your site higher in terms of relevant search results.

Improved and increased web traffic.

As you promote quality and informative content on your social media profiles, it will give rise to the toll of followers and customers to your website and will eventually lead to a lot of sales.

As we know that social media is the latest addition to the digital marketing world as it promotes all kinds of messages and brands on top quality social media apps like Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Instagram, Twitter, Google+, Snapchat and Tumblr which obviously catches the eye of alot of audience and leads to the promotion of the brand.

The technique of social media is really simple, create the content and use the social media platform to promote it and gain audience and hence social media marketing has become a part of digital marketing.

The major advantage of social media is that it is completely free to use and promote your stuff without even spending a single penny unlike some of the digital marketing tools. You can make daily progress and updates without worrying about the money.

Conclusion

There is no scope for loss when you take your business on social media, there is only one way and that is the route to progress and success. If you have your business online but not on social media it is like owning a business and not letting anyone know about it.Last but not the least social media gives you the valueable opportunity to gain new insights into your customers,it leads you to the customers who believed your business did not exist.

HOW TO STUDY PROPERLY

Studying for long hours is only beneficial if done in the proper way. If you are not studying in the right manner, it is a certainty that all those hours would not lead to desired results. By tweaking your studying techniques backed by research project you’ll improve the standard of the content learnt and may also retain it for a extended time. 

1. Focused and diffused learningUse both focused and diffuse modes of learning. Focused mode is when you focus attentively on a topic and study it with no distraction. After doing this for some time (can follow the Pomodoro technique), you can switch over to some other tasks. In this time period, the brain works on the material learnt, processing and understanding it. This is a reason why if you can’t understand something, you’ll grasp it easily once you visit it later. 

2. Play hard, study smartInclude activities like exercising, walking, playing any sport in your daily timetable. These physical activities assist your brain in understanding unfamiliar topics and ideas . Do not think of them as just another pastime. It is not smart to only study for the whole day with zero physical activity. 

3. Sleep!Sleeping is very crucial to your learning. Waking up the night before the exam and cramming the entire night can help in the short term but it is not at all helpful when it comes to longer retention span. Sleeping helps in clearing the toxins produced in the brain during the day and consolidates the material learnt.

4. Spaced studyingMake sure that your learning is spaced over a period of days. Learn every day, this gives the time to make the previous concepts stronger and understand the new things in a better way. It is not smart to study a lot one day and then not studying anything for the next five days.

5. Apply what you have learntPractice what you have learnt. If you cannot solve a problem, do not see the solution immediately. Try using the concepts that you have learnt and if you are still stuck use hints if available. After exhausting all paths, you can check the solution but make sure to actually work it out. Just reading the solution is not enough. 

6. Mixing up thingsAfter mastering one topic do not stick to it, move to newer concepts. This might seem difficult and it is quite likely that you would end up procrastinating, but start anyhow. Reading the same concepts might give you the sense of progress but you should be real to yourself. 

7. Learning from basicsWhen learning a new concept, approach it right from the basics and then explain it to yourself in simpler terms. This is also known as Feynman’s technique and it is very effective when dealing with difficult and layered topics.

8. Watch out for new ideasBe open to new ideas and techniques when solving problems. If you are acquainted with a method, you might often feel that it is the most effective approach. This can block you from knowing and trying better techniques that exist. So be receptive to learning new things.

9. Consistent learningLearning compounds with consistency. Even if you’ve got started late, do a daily portion everyday. An essential aspect of smart study is to spot the facility of normal learning. Throughout human history, there are many samples of people that have started late and achieved mastery in their field.