A new approach to DNA data storage systems gives users the ability to read or modify data files without destroying them, researchers say.

The work makes the systems easier to scale up for practical use.

“Most of the existing DNA data storage systems rely on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to access stored files, which is very efficient at copying information but presents some significant challenges,” says Albert Keung, an assistant professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at North Carolina State University and co-corresponding author of a paper on the work in Nature Communications.

We’ve developed a system called Dynamic Operations and Reusable Information Storage, or DORIS, that doesn’t rely on PCR. That has helped us address some of the key obstacles facing practical implementation of DNA data storage technologies.”

DNA data storage systems have the potential to hold orders of magnitude more information than existing systems of comparable size. However, existing technologies have struggled to address a range of concerns related to practical implementation.

Current systems rely on sequences of DNA called primer-binding sequences that are added to the ends of DNA strands that store information. In short, the primer-binding sequence of DNA serves as a file name. When you want a given file, you retrieve the strands of DNA bearing that sequence.

Many of the practical barriers to DNA data storage technologies revolve around the use of PCR to retrieve stored data. Systems that rely on PCR have to drastically raise and lower the temperature of the stored genetic material in order to rip the double-stranded DNA apart and reveal the primer-binding sequence.

This results in all of the DNA—the primer-binding sequences and the data-storage sequences—swimming free in a kind of genetic soup. Existing technologies can then sort through the soup to find, retrieve, and copy the relevant DNA using PCR. The temperature swings are problematic for developing practical technologies, and the PCR technique itself gradually consumes—or uses up—the original version of the file that is being retrieved.

DORIS takes a different approach. Instead of using double-stranded DNA as a primer-binding sequence, DORIS uses an “overhang” that consists of a single-strand of DNA—like a tail that streams behind the double-stranded DNA that actually stores data.

While traditional techniques required temperature fluctuations to rip open the DNA in order to find the relevant primer-binding sequences, using a single-stranded overhang means that DORIS can find the appropriate primer-binding sequences without disturbing the double-stranded DNA.

“In other words, DORIS can work at room temperature, making it much more feasible to develop DNA data management technologies that are viable in real-world scenarios,” says co-corresponding author James Tuck, a professor of electrical and computer engineering

The other benefit of not having to rip apart the DNA strands is that the DNA sequence in the overhang can be the same as a sequence found in the double-stranded region of the data file itself. That’s difficult to achieve in PCR-based systems without sacrificing information density—because the system wouldn’t be able to differentiate between primer-binding sequences and data-storage sequences.

“DORIS allows us to significantly increase the information density of the system, and also makes it easier to scale up to handle really large databases,” says PhD student Kevin Lin, the first author of the study.

And once DORIS has identified the correct DNA sequence, it doesn’t rely on PCR to make copies. Instead, DORIS transcribes the DNA to RNA, which is then reverse-transcribed back into DNA which the data-storage system can read.

In other words, DORIS doesn’t have to consume the original file in order to read it.

The single-stranded overhangs can also be modified, allowing users to rename files, delete files or “lock” them—effectively making them invisible to other users.

“We’ve developed a functional prototype of DORIS, so we know it works,” Keung says. “We’re now interested in scaling it up, speeding it up, and putting it into a device that automates the process—making it user friendly.”

Support for the research came from the National Science Foundation, a North Carolina State University Research and Innovation Seed Funding Award, a North Carolina Biotechnology Center Flash Grant, and a Department of Education Graduate Assistance in Areas of Need fellowship.

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Hello everyone, Today we are going to talk about suicide. Suicide is something to finish our own life. People choose this choice where they are helpless as they can fight anymore with emotions and thoughts. If the person thinking of suicide, it’s an emergency. The suicide cases are mostly observed in teens. When the people are frustrated, overwhelming helpless, they conduce to give up their life. We can never see how the person is feeling inside, through behavior and action, we can know that they are depressed.

When we see the person who is always joyful but suddenly something happens which leads the person to the depression so this type of action begins to suicide. Some people are also there who doesn’t show their feeling but they are also depressed. So when we see people’s feelings change and seem to be sad we should support the person to praise him/her up. Try to talk that always try to be by the person’s side. It will make the person encouraging and give support to overcome the situation.

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Depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, are the risk factors of suicide. When we see a person these types of factors we should help him and prevent him from doing this big step. Always keep a close look at the person who is depressed and absent. Try to keep the communication between you and the person open.

There are some factors to reduce the risk of suicide. There is a therapy known as cognitive-behavioral therapy which appears to improve the overcome from depression. When you see the person the teens are facing such type of problem you should recommend them to take the therapy and help themselves.

There are some facts about suicide which you must know.

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1. Women perform suicide more than men while some men face disastrous outcomes while attempting suicide.

2. Currently, suicide is ranking second for the cause of death of the person.

3. For females, the most common method for suicide is taking poison while male most common methods are firearms.

4. It is generally has been estimated that in every minute there are 25 attempts of suicide while one dies by suicide.

So these are some facts about suicides.

Sometimes I feel very sad while I hear any suicide news and I think in the world many people are alone and fighting with themselves. I think we should all support the people from attempting suicide and encourage them to live their life without giving up on their life.

I hope you all enjoy my article.

Let me know in the comment how you feel about this topic also have you ever felt anything like this.

Thank you for reading my article, be hearty and have a nice day.

“Earthquake risk is very high in Gujarat and the state has suffered nine major earthquakes in the past 200 years.”

Ahmedabad: An earthquake, measuring 4.6 on the Richter scale, hit 83 km northwest of Rajkot, Gujarat on Tuesday. As per the National Center for Seismology (NCS), the quake hit at 12:57 pm today. 

Its epicentre was 15 km North-North East (NNE) of Bachau, said a scientist from the Gandhinagar-based Institute of Seismological Research (ISR).

This is to be noted that as many as 14 aftershocks were felt in Gujarat’s Kutch district, a day after the state experienced tremors of 5.3 magnitude. 

“We are analysing today’s quake scientifically to determine whether it is an aftershock or a new earthquake on a different fault line. As of now, we are counting it and other quakes in the region as aftershocks of the last night’s earthquake,” said ISR scientist Santosh Kumar.

Besides the earthquake of 4.6 magnitude, an aftershock of 3.7 magnitude was felt at 10.02 am today. Its epicentre was six km East-North East of Bhachau, said another ISR official.

Another aftershock of 3.6 magnitude was recorded at 1.01 pm with its epicentre being 11 km NNE of Bhachau.

The official added that earthquakes of various magnitudes of 3.1, 2.9, 2.5, 2.4, 1.7, 1.6 and 1.4 have been recorded till this afternoon.

The state had on Sunday night experienced tremors of 5.3 magnitude. Albeit the tremor was for a short duration, yet the intensity was so high that it triggered panic amongst people.

Gujarat Chief Minister Vijay Rupani had last night ordered the district collectors of Rajkot, Kutch, and Patan to take stock of the situation.

So far, no report of any damage to life or property has come from any part of the state.

According to the National Center for Seismology, the exact location of the tremor, which was recorded at 8:13 pm, was in Kutch near Bhuj.

Actor Sushant Singh Rajput was found dead on Sunday afternoon at his Bandra residence in Mumbai. The ‘Kedarnath’ actor was found hanging at his sixth floor apartment in Bandra (West). The police confirms that the cause of death of suicide, however, no note has been found from his residence. A day after his death, the city police have recorded statements of five individuals in connection with the case. The Mumbai police have reported that the post-mortem was carried out by three doctors at Dr RN Cooper Municipal General Hospital located in Juhu, Mumbai. The post-mortem reports given by doctors show asphyxia due to hanging as the provisional cause of death. 

“Provisional postmortem report has been submitted by doctors at Bandra Police Station. A team of three doctors conducted the autopsy of Sushant Singh Rajput. The provisional cause of death is asphyxia due to hanging,” statement by Abhishek Trimukhe, Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP). 

The police are still investigating the incident of the 34 year old actor, which has left Sushant’s family and fans in shock. The actor had called his sister at 9 am on Sunday. About an hour later, he took his tablets and juice. Around 10:30, the cook knocked on the door to confirm the menu. After the cook and Shushant’s two friends got no response. They called a key maker to help open the door. They called up and informed the police and his sister. 

Sushant Singh Rajput started his career from Indian daily soaps to film industry. His first show was ‘Kis desh mein hai mera dil’ which aired on star plus. Sushant’s next show was Pavitra Rishta which won him a lot of audience’s hearts and many awards for best male actor and most popular actor. After he landed in the Bollywood industry, his first film was ‘Kai Po Che’. Then he did several films like Shudh Desi Romance, MS Dhoni: The Untold Story, Kedarnath and Chichhore. On his social media comments he used to reply to his fans’ comments and ask them to go watch his movie. In an interview he mentioned that nobody invites him to their parties and he feels left out. Kangana Ranaunt made a very bold statement recently where she said “ye suicide nahi planned murder tha, lekin Sushant ki galti ye hai ki vo unki baat maan gaya. Unhone kaha tum worthless ho, vo maan gaya.”( This is not suicice, it is a planned murder. But Sushant’s fault is that he believed them when they called him worthless). 

A lot of bollywood actors including Salman Khan, Shoaib Akhtar, Alia Bhatt etc. Sapna Bhavnani, Sushant’s hairstylist tweeted, “It is no secret Sushant was going through very tough times for the last few years. No one in the industry stood up for him nor did they lend a helping hand. To tweet today is the biggest display of how shallow the industry really is. No one here is your friend. RIP.”

After working with the industry she must be spilling facts on social media that no one helped Sushant or stood up for him. 

The Indian Council of Medical Research, ICMR has rejected media reports attributing to its study regarding peak stage of COVID-19 in India. The reports while quoting a study say that the peak stage of COVID-19 in the country has been delayed by the eight-week lockdown and it may now arrive around mid-November.

In a tweet, ICMR said the news reports attributing this study to ICMR are misleading. It clarified that this refers to a non peer reviewed modelling, not carried out by ICMR and does not reflect the official position of ICMR.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh today said the road built by the Border Road Organisation in Lipulekh is very much in Indian territory. Mr Singh said Indo-Nepal ties are not ordinary, and both countries are bound together by ‘roti-beti’ and no power in the world can break it. He said if there is any misunderstanding between India and Nepal due to the road, it will be sorted out through dialogue.

The Minister said the link road to Lipulekh built by BRO will significantly shorten the time taken for the Kailash Mansarovar yatra.

He was speaking to party workers of Uttarakhand through a virtual rally.

Home Minister Amit Shah has said NDA government will take all necessary steps to check the spread of COVID-19 in Delhi.

Chairing a meeting of all political parties in Delhi on the COVID-19 situation in the national capital, Mr. Shah said everyone has to stand united under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in this fight against the pandemic.

The Home Minister informed the all-party meeting of key decisions taken during a meeting convened by him on Sunday and appealed to all political parties to ensure that decisions are implemented in earnest at the ground level.

He called on the parties to mobilise their party workers to help implement the decisions taken by the Centre for the welfare of the people of Delhi.

He appealed all parties to rise above political differences in the interest of the people. He said political unity will create confidence among the public and lead to improvement in the pandemic situation in the capital.

The Home Minister said improve COVID-19 testing capacity has to be improved with newer techniques.

The meeting was attended by Sanjay Singh of the Aam Aadmi Party, Adesh Gupta, Delhi State President of the BJP, Anil Chaudhary, State President of the Congress and the representative of the BSP.

Leaders attending the meeting gave proposals regarding the fight against COVID-19 and assured full support to the Central Government, Delhi Government and the three Municipal Corporations of Delhi.

lay in bed the whole day. Tangled in a perfect white sheets with yourself pillows and puppy comforter. Drinking lots of tea, and even more coffee. Wander through the perfume section in stores and test every single scent. By yourself flowers because you are beyond worth it. Treat yourself to something pretty even if there is absolutely no reason to. Watch chick flick and ball your eyes out. Read a book and fall asleep while doing so. Taken adventure with a friend. Start yoga. Longing to bake? then do it. Taking long drive blast music and singing your heart out. Keep a journal so that you never forget a second half for exciting ever changing life. cry over stupid silly boys . Wear pretty High heels with red bottoms.Invite a friend over brunch and order the biggest stack of waffles. Go to school because you are excited to learn and not because you want straight A’s. Re-watch breakfast at Tiffany and aspire to be Audrey Hepburn. Buy insane amount of coffee table books even if you have no where to keep them. Save up for your dream car or the laptop for the iPad you desire. Take longer baths. Wake up early to go to farmers market at get the first batch of peonies. Discover some secret little coffee shops where you can plan out your biggest dreams. Really push your hopes up even if you know you will be disappointed. Twirl around in your white robe with the recorder playing Shania Twain. Take out your sewing machine and create something wonderful.laugh until your stomach hurts. Walk into Chanel and walk-out with a quilted purse. By a ball gown even if you have no place to wear it. Try your mother’s diamond rings and beautiful emerald necklaces and dream off when you will be with someone who buys you something sparkly. Drink too many Shirley temples. Daydreaming about your future wedding. Lose yourself in an art museum. Read poetry. Then write your own. Travel the world but all will return home. Have marble and gold everywhere. Dream of living in a house with turn around and range rovers lining in the drive. Throw parties bigger than Gatsby .always have fresh fruits in the fridge, make sure to eat too much chocolate. Where what you want you like not what everyone else was. Built the fort of pillows on rainy days. Always carry Barbie pens and a tub of mascara. Giggle on your own jokes. Be there for your friends when they need a shoulder to cry on. Read vogue. Send snail mail to someone who you haven’t spoken in forever. Dance until your feet hurt. Wear too many patterns at once. Don’t overthink things. Call your grandma every week. Be grateful for everything that your parents have done for you. Be less annoyed when your dad is worried that you not home yet, because you will always be his little girl.well work oh so hard, and when you are faced with a challenge welcome it with open arms. Be kind to everyone. Never let anyone say you can’t do something. Never give, give the right to anyone of hurting you, kiss and hug your boyfriend a little more tighter.never let anyone put you down because darling you so much stronger than you think, this is just the beginning you are about to do amazing things, and remember the best is yet to come.
Ciao for now.

Imagine if you have promised tomorrow. Like you know anything and everything that will happen to you. All the things that today you are unaware of you will be already informed about.
as you flip a coin you already know that there is a different side to it. The same way Hannah’s story had in the Netflix series 13 reasons why.In the same way every situation that you look into or every sentence, song, story has a different side. Like every story has its many and many tellers. Each storyteller has its own version of that story.
similarly this thought of mine has its two sides as well, namely the pros and cons. I know I might sound like a typical science student. But it is what it is.
so when I say you already know your tomorrow, it always has the things which will please you and some won’t be as pleasing  as it should be.
So the pleasing instances would be something like you would already informed about what your career would be like and how good you would be at it. How fascinating right.

That you would already know which firm you would work in. Who is gonna be your boss and everything you have already known this and you start working on yourself to shape your career in a better way.
Sounds very fancy and fascinating I know.
If this was how it would be love would have been so much easier like you won’t force things instead take it slow. If you knew which person you were getting married in your future you would wait and not fall in love with the wrong person and wait for that right person to walk into your life at that moment. And then everybody would have learnt to love fearlessly without the fear of breaking someone else’s heart or without the fear of getting your own heart broken.
if you would have had a promised tomorrow we had already been aware of all the small big or the life threatening events or the accidents that would occur in your life. We would be aware and not indulge in that activity which would lead your life to danger and millions and millions of life would have been saved.
If we had a promise tomorrow we would work on your mistakes and also avoid them.
working on mistakes is positive which also leads to growth but if you do not make any mistakes because you already are aware of them that you are gonna make it then there is no growth at all.
So as I said everything has its pros and cons you can judge for yourself.
we all know no mistakes would mean no growth. And life would just have gotten stagnant. A promise and unaware future would also mean no surprises. No surprise birthday parties, no surprise visit from your boyfriend or girlfriend, no surprise proposal, no being awestruck and so on.
So when I would want to end it would say life as we know it is as good as it is full with surprises, mistakes, unknown love, uncertainty uncertain career but definitely an adventure.
life is an adventure – go live it day by day to your fullest, give all of yourself to each day, to those around you, love a bit more harder, because you never know when your time to leave this world may come, because this is just an article and after all read the first word. And by the way fun fact:-
There is a rapper in Atlanta named “future” if you knew him then you could say you knew the future. Haha.
Ciao for now.

And they were here again!

I wait for it every month

I know it aches, but I still wait for it like one true love.

I endure that pain like a knife striking my lower back, thousands of thorns piercing my abdomen, continuous disturbance between thighs and heavy soreness on breasts. Not knowing what to call it;

“The tears of grief of my aching body” or “The tears of delight of my soul celebrating womanhood”.

Taking bath quickly so that nobody could smell the disgust on my body, I wrap it inside black polythene because I don’t want to get judged on that.

Nevertheless, this one week of vital blood served me the sentence that I am a complete woman!

The mysterious creation of almighty. Poignant yet powerful, Tender yet tolerant!