E-commerce or electronic commerce is the buying and selling of products or service over the internet or any other electronic media.It includes electronic fund transfer,internet marketing,online transaction processing etc..Modern e-commerce is typically bound to the internet.Though it may encompass many other methods like telephonic booking, it uses the internet at least in one point of time.E-commerce, the idea of online shopping was first put forth by Micheal Aldrich in 1979.He had connected a modified domestic TV to a real-time transaction processing computer via a domestic telephone line.Later in 1990,when Tim Berners-Lee invented the world wide web, e-commerce has got a scope to expand itself. Amazon.com which was first launched in 1995 by Jeff Bezos is the first online shopping site open 24*7.Today,there are umpteen number of e-commerce sites.While some are pure click websites like amazon, cleartrip, flipkart etc. , some are termed as brick & click websites.A pure click site is one that is established online directly without a base firm.Sites like e-bay , amazon are some of the examples.There are also few firms which obtain name & fame and then launch an e-commerce site to avail online facilities to the customers.

To the average web surfer, e-commerce means online shopping. Internet surfers go on the web purchasing anything from books to baseball tickets. E-commerce is the exchange of business information between two or more organizations. An example of this would be buying and selling products or services over the Internet.

Some of the features of e commerce process are:

It is time saving, delivery is done at a faster rate,reduces the cost of transportation.

There is no time constraint.

Consumer can easily compare pice and product effectively and efficiently.

Consumer interaction with the company directly is also improved by quick feedback and comment forms.

E commerce refers to better and quick customer services. Due to the absence of intermediaries, buying procedure is generally quicker.

E commerce is also boosted by electronic fund transfer throughout the world.

Because of all these features the e commerce industry in india has flourished at a high rate.

According to the data given in this chart, the internet users in india is increasing year by year and in 2012 the number of internet users were 150 million. These show that the use of internet in on a high among Indian masses.India has 13% of internet users in Asia and 7.36% that of the world. 70% of people who know computer have used internet which is a healthy sign.

Shopping on the Internet is convenient as there is no time restriction, it is comfortable since it is in a user friendly environment and there is also an instant satisfaction of ordering, paying and delivering. A one-to-one basis, as well as, a two way communication with customers through the Internet is possible. Enhancing brand image, creating awareness and providing customer service are more important than just selling the products or entertaining customers. With better technologies, companies can create a stronger brand image and thus increase sales. On the other side, it is easier for customers to receive a kind of acknowledgement; feeling that they did not waste their time . Nowadays, people live a busy life and shopping online is time consuming for them. The company also saves time since whenever a customer uses his/her credit card to purchase a product.E-marketing is seen as a promotional as well as informational tool. This new era of commerce is beneficial for marketing logistics, a global presence, to establish and maintain a competitive edge, shorten components of supply chains, for cost savings and research advantage in india.

The companies like ebay,myntra,flipkart,quikr,olx are some of the companies which have established their name in the indian e commerce market. All these sites are selling varieties of products,movies tickets,electronic gadgets,accessories,household items and much more. Now the stock exchange has also become online now. Delivery of goods to consumers by couriers at a faster rate,moreover the quality of product delivered is satisfactory.Many indian banks are also using internet banking facilities.

India’s economic industry is on a growth curve and is undergoing a spurt in growth.The Online Travel Industry is one of the biggest segment in ecommerce in india and is booming due largely to the Internet-savvy urban population. The online travel industry inclused some private firms such as Makemytrip, Cleartrip and Yatra. The government has also started IRCTC, which is a successful Indian Railways initiative. The online classifieds segment is also increasing. It is broadly divided into three sectors; Jobs, Matrimonial and Real Estate. Mobile Commerce is also growing rapidly and proving to be a stable and secure supplement to eCommerce due to the record growth in mobile user base in India, in recent years.

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Today, most corporations are characterized with online survival as it has become inevitable in the modern world. Electronic deals have been popular for quite some time in the form of Electronic Data Interchange.

Types of E-commerce

E-commerce has various categories. There are six major divisions of e-commerce, i.e. Business to Business (B2B) that is an e-commerce category, which entails all electronic transactions of goods and services conducted among businesses (Fernandes, 2014). Manufacturers and traditional commerce wholesalers stereotypically function using this category of e-commerce.

Business to Consumer (B2C) is an e-commerce platform that is popular for its formation of electronic business associations between commercial and eventual clients. It tallies to the merchandizing segment of electronic commerce, where customary retail trade usually functions. Business to Consumer affiliations are not only easier and more vibrant, but also more intermittent (Fernandes, 2014). This brand of commerce has grown progressively due to the emergence of a network, and the existing copious computer-generated outlets on the Internet, which sells all kinds of end user merchandises and services such as computers, footwear, books, vehicles, foodstuffs, monetary merchandises, digital periodicals, etc. The shoppers usually have access to more gen provided about informative content compared to shopping in the old-fashioned market (Fernandes, 2014). There is also a universal concept that buying via the internet is relatively cheaper, and it does not put in danger a personalized customer service. Business to Consumer e-commerce further warrants a quick processing and delivery of products.

Consumer to Consumer (C2C) e-commerce is a type that includes all electronic transactions of goods and services carried out by users (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). As a rule, such deals are made by the third parties. E-commerce provides an online platform specifically where these transactions will be carried out.

Consumer to Business (C2B) is an e-commerce category that offers a complete reverse of the traditional approach to buying and selling of goods and services. This form of e-commerce is commonly used in a multitude of funded projects (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). A wide range of people make their products available for procurement to companies precisely seeking the products they are offering. The key illustrations of C2B deals include the websites where inventers provide numerous suggestions for a corporation insignia. Eventually, just one emblem is chosen and efficiently procured. Another platform is the arcades that trade free royalty pictures, imageries, and designs (Fernandes, 2014).

Business to Administration (B2A) is the type of e-commerce that embraces all online transactions carried out by corporations and public administration (Fernandes, 2014). B2A e-commerce provides significant services in such areas as the pecuniary sector, societal security, business operations, lawful documents, catalogues, etc. This e-commerce platform has grown briskly over the years with significant investments made in the e-government.

Consumer to Administration (C2A) is an e-commerce platform that embroils all automated businesses owned by individuals and the government (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). The Consumer to Administration contracts include educational applications that involve the dissemination of information over the internet and distance learning that allows students from all over the world to gain knowledge in different educational centers across the globe without physically attending classes in the given institution. Another application is the social security where this type of e-commerce is evidenced through the distribution of information of the social security holder and their beneficiaries. Making payments to the social security accounts can also be done online (Fernandes, 2014). Taxes are another C2A application where filing of tax returns and making payments have been simplified hence making governments collect more revenues as this platform closes all the tax evasion loopholes. C2A e-commerce has also enabled the advancement of the health sector as patients can now make online appointments with their doctors. This is convenient as patients do not have to physically visit the doctors’ offices to make appointments. The information about the patients can also be stored online to avoid excessive paperwork. Patients can also pay for their treatment online (Fernandes, 2014).

ADVANTAGES OF E- COMMERCE:

E-Commerce is the easiest and the quickest way to boost up the business. E-commerce is gratifying the just alternative and electronic mail is a computer application which transmits the messages to the email boxes of other people using data communication which is called as email. There are a lot of internet sites which provide free email services related to the E-Commerce and business to the internet users and the customers. Computer softwares are used to promote the Electronic business. The computer softwares refer to the collective set of instructions called programs that can be interpreted by the business computers and cannot be touched by the human. The program causes the computer to perform desired functions such as flight simulation, the generation of business graphics or word processing. Following re the basic types of business software:

• System Software
• Application Software
• Utility Programs

Whereas an operating system is an integrated set of programs that is used to manage the various resources and overall operations of a business. T s designed to support the activities of a computer installation. Its primary objective is to improve the performance and efficiency of a computer system and increase facility and ease with a system can be used. It also makes computer system user friendly. Business operating systems are used by many of business computers at this era. Operating systems include the disk operating system, windows, macintosh system from apple computer and Warp of IBM, and UNIX and Linux are using in the Electronic Business now a days. Business computer can only understand the machine or hardware language. It is necessary to convert the instructions of a program written in high level language to machine instructions before the program can be executed by the computer. A complier carries out this business job. Thus a complier is a translating program that translates the instructions of a high level language into machine language. A complier is called as business complier because the complier a set of business activities for every program instruction of a high level instruction. Complier can translate only those sources program which have been written in the language for which the computer is meant. For example, FORTAN complier is only capable of translating source programs which have been written in FORTAN, and therefore each requires a separate complier for each high level language. While interpreter is another type of business high level languages into machine codes. It takes one statement of a high level language and translates it into a machine instruction which is a useful technique for the business.

DISADVANTAGES:

E-Business is only dependent to the internet based advertisement and business which is a big drawback for the specific company in those cities where the people are not too much educated and then those people cannot access the internet and computer media. This factor can be a big loss for the company and its business. Some of the internet sites are charging too much from the customers and therefore customers and clients feel hesitation to go and view for those sites and this creates a major hindrance to enhance and boost up the business and the trade of the company. E-Business s not too much useful for the illiterate people and thus those people remain unaware by the policies and strategies of the big and well named companies. No doubt, E-Business has many advantages for the company and the trade for the company but we cannot neglect the disadvantages of the E-Business.

E-commerce is for effluent society i.e. why population in USA use is 50%, in Europe 13 percentage, in poor countries only 1-2 percent and in some countries it is negligible. Thus e-commerce is for classes and not for masses.

Brand equity means the value of your brand. How much your brand isreferred by your customer. How much trust your customer have in your brand. Will your customer choose your brand even having choice of other brands. Will your customer buy your product even if you charge more than your locompetitors. If question for all these questions is yes. That means you have a very good brand equity. Your brand is the king of your domain but if the answer of these questions is NO. It is a matter of concern.

Establishing the Brand equity and Maintaining Brand equity are two different things. They both requires different strategy. If you are a startup or a new comer you should focus on establishing your brand equity. Try to acquire more and more customers and satisfy them to your best. They will automatically become your unpaid promoters. They will refer you to others. In initial stage. don’t focus on making more profit just keep acquiring customers and become a well known name in your market. Once you are established and having enough trust among your customers then slightly start increasing your price. This very crucial make sure your customers have genuine trust in your brand and they are okay to pay more for it or come up with a new product with increased price.

MARKETING IS TELLING SOMEONE TO BUY YOUR PRODUCT AND IS THE REASON FOR THEM TO BUY

If you are a established firm. Then obviously you to focus on maintaining your Brand equity. There is always a chance that a new comer can capture your market. Maybe be your competitor can come up with very cheap substitute for your product . What you will do in this condition? Either compromise on gross margin or plan your marketing strategy in such a way that you can convince your customer that you are best and providing best value for what they pay. For example there are very cheap mobiles available but still apple remains the premium brand because they have that brand equity and brand value among customers.

The Indian liberty fighter Lala Lajpat Rai. In the Independence Movement, he played a crucial role. Punjab Kesari was popularly regarded. He was one of the 3 triumvirate of Lal Bal Pal. In its initial stages in 1894, he was also affiliated with Punjab National Bank and the Lakshmi Insurance Company.

Lajpat Rai was born in Dhudike on January 28 1865 in a jain family.

In the late 1870s his father had been moved to the Rewari Higher School in the Rewari province of Punjab, where his father was appointed an Urdu teacher. During Rai’s early years, his father and profoundly religious mother, respectively, influenced Rai’s liberal view and belief in Hinduism, effectively implementing it to establish a political and journalistic career in the reform of religion and Indian politics. In 1880, Lajpat Rai entered the Lahore Government College to study Law and became in contact with patriots, such as Lala Hans Raj and Pandit Guru Dutt, and future freedom defenders. During his study in Lahore, he became a member of the current Arya Samaj Lahore and the founding editor of the Lahore-based Arya Gazette, inspired by the Hinduism reformist movements of Swami Dayanand Saraswaati. When he studied law, he believed strongly that Hinduism was the fundamental point on which an Indian lifestyle was to be founded, above nationality. He thought Hinduism leading to peaceful practises for humanity and the concept that a secular nation could be created by incorporating nationalist ideas to this peaceful belief system. His association with Hindu Mahasabha leaders was criticised in a way that is non-secular by Naujawan Bharat Sabha and that was not in line with the Indian National Congress framework. In the end, this emphasis on Hindu tradition in this subcontinent will lead him to continue peaceful protests for the independence of Indians.

In May 1907 Lala Lajpat Rai was deported to Mandalay, Burma without trial following a departure from the Indian National Congress and political unrest in Punjab.

But in November, when Lord Minto, the viceroy, concluded it was difficult to prove him subversive in ample ways. The supporters of Lajpat Rai tried in December 1907 to secure his election for chair of Surat, but he was unsuccessful.

Bhagat Singh was an alterative of British institutions to the National College, which he established in the Bradlaugh Hall in Lahore. At the 1920 Special Session in Calcutta, he was elected President of the Indian National Congress. He founded Servants of the People’s Society in Lahore in 1921, which moved its base after partition to Delhi and has branches in many regions of India. in 1921 he formed the People Society. According to him, Hindu society must fight against a caste system, women’s position and untouchability in its own right. Vedas were an important part of the Hindu faith, but they could not be read by the lower caste.

Lajpat Rai went on a tour of Sikh villages along America’s West Coast, visited Tuskegee University in Alabama and met the Philippines’ employees in 1917 and returned to the U.S, then during the First World War. His travels, The USA, documents these journeys and includes detailed quotes by leading African American intellectuals such as W.E.B. Du Bois and Fredrick Douglass. He created the Indian Home Rule League in New York as well as a monthly newspaper Young India and Hindustan Information Services. He had petitioned the Senate of the US Parliament’s foreign affairs committee to send a vivid pictorial of British Raj’s mismanagement in India and the Indian people’s aspirations for democracy, among several other points, for moral support for India’s independence. The 32-page petition was debated in the U.S. overnight.

The British government formed the Commission in 1928, led by Sir John Simon, to report on India’s political situation. The Indian political parties boycotted the Commission because it did not have one Indian and had national protests. On 30 October 1928, when the Commission visited Lahore, Lajpat Rai led a non-violent march in protest. The demonstrators sang “Simon is going back” and wore black flags.

On 17 November 1928 he died. He did not recover from his injuries. Doctors claimed Scott’s blows had prolonged his death. The British government, however, denied any involvement in Rai ‘s death when the matter was discussed in the British Parliament. While Bhagat Singh did not withip the case, he pledged to take vengeance because the murder was a major freedom movement leader. In his attempting to kill Scott he carried a message to British Raj, Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar and Chandrashekhar Azad. Bhagat Singh was ordered to shoot John P. Saunders, the assistant police superintendent, on his apparition, in the case of an erroneous identity. On 17 December 1928, when he left Lahore’s District Police Head office, he was shot by Rajguru and Bhagat Singh. Azad ‘s cover fire fatally wounded Chanan Singh, a lead constable who was pursuing them.

This case did not deter the revenge of Bhagat Singh and his Hindustan Socialist Republican Association supporters.

Article by – Shishir Tripathi

In life everybody has their own struggles, their own circumstances and their unique life stories. All across the globe, there are 7.8 billion people who are entirely different from each other with just totally different lives, mindsets and different approaches for peace in life. Some people smoke whereas some don’t, some people do their own business whereas others go for a job, some people think like they should work whereas some don’t, and some people try whereas some, they just make compromises in life. Compromises because of harsh and difficult situations in life and some compromises are made just because of the fear of not getting successful.
In life there are different types of problems, problem of everyday food for the needy people. problem of shelter in adverse seasons for the homeless people, problem of being raised in an orphanage where the nurses beat you, problem of living with your relatives who are just so bad, problem of not getting your desired stream in higher studies, problem of sitting at home without a job, problems of not getting the love that you actually deserve, problem of doing a job which is not as per your likings and expectations and many more problems of different types in different peoples’ lives.
Some people always get scared when trying something which their heart says. Some people think about the society, the relatives’ reaction when they’ll listen of this and also there are some people who think that they are simply physically or mentally incapable of doing the desired work or the task which the heart always thought of.

Each day comes with 24 hours in it. The same morning, the same afternoon and the same night but there’s just one difference of surroundings. A person might be sitting and reading this article of mine in an Air Conditioned room with his belly filled with all the food he likes, whereas the other person who might be sitting in a somewhat uncomfortable surroundings. But most of the things are literally the same. Now how to make these differences equal and who will make these differences equal?
The answer is ‘YOU’. Oh c’mon yes you are the one who is going to make a change. Change not for others but for self. It is well known to everyone that an individual who is himself r herself in a good state or condition is actually the person in a much better position to make a change. Now one person will argue by saying that we must not be selfish and should think about society first. But as per the author of this article, it’s believed that do for yourself first. Try to come in a better position so that you are physically, mentally and financially in a position to help the needy ones.
Just try, try and try, each day and each moment. Giving up has always been the easiest task in the lives of human beings and due to which most of the people just live an average life and at the death bed realize that they should have at least tried that thing in life at that particular point of time at that moment. It is a known fact that every desire of the heart won’t get fulfill. But regretting at a later stage is worse than anything.
So, in life try everyday and every hour and every minute. Have faith in yourself and get back to it immediately and say ‘NO’ to everything else that takes you away from your goal. Admire your friends, your family members and your loved ones when they achieve their desired pedestal in life.
Keep trying each day and each moment.
“This endless ocean of uncertainty will come to an end and you will approach your desired island of peace and self satisfaction”.
Quote by – kalam_se_kaleje_tak/ Instagram

IPL 2020 will get underway from September 19 with its final being played on November 10. The lucrative tournament will be played for the second time in UAE. However, the fixtures are still to be confirmed, but it looks like Chennai Super Kings (CSK) will face off against Mumbai Indians in the inaugural contest.


All the matches will be played in bio-secure environment maintaining the safety of players. Commentator Sanjay Manjrekar believes that the television experience for players will be good but it will not matter much for they players as they will still want to win matches even behind closed doors.

“The production team is so smart, they will ensure that the television experience is great. The players will miss the buzz at the ground but again their is so much at stake….Noise is a big part of IPL. Mumbai Indians when they play at Feroz Shah Kotla stadium….players will miss it. But will it result into less intense performance, no way, someone like a Virat Kohli will want to win, crowd or no crowd will not make,” Sanjay Manjrekar told on Star Sports connected.

Kohli is a determined spirit who made his way to become one of the finest cricketers of all-time through sheer self belief and hard-work. He has made run-scoring look easy and has many records to be broken in line


Kohli has often showed his love for the sport through his aggression and hardly gives an inch to his opponents on the field. But off it, Kohli is a completely different personality, he likes to spend time with his family, read books, train consistently and maintain his vegan diet, and to top it all he is not fond of fame or attention.


In normalcy, Kohli would be leading RCB in the IPL 2020 at the moment, but due to the pandemic situation he has resorted to training at home and interacting with sports personalities on social media.

As the world still struggles to overcome the coronavirus pandemic, a new virus from China has arrived, this new virus has started attacking China fatally and experts alert the world to get cautious.

As the world fights the deadly Corona virus, there is a new virus that has come to scare the world and this virus too has been reported to come from China.

A new infectious disease caused by a tick-borne virus has killed over seven people and infected 60 others in China, official media here reported on Wednesday, warning about the possibility of its human-to-human transmission.

More than 37 people in East China’s Jiangsu Province contracted with the SFTS Virus in the first half of the year. Later, 23 people were found to have been infected in East China’s Anhui province, state-run Global Times quoted media reports.

A woman from Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu, who suffered from the virus showed onset of symptoms such as fever, coughing. Doctors found a decline of leukocyte, blood platelet inside of her body. After a month of treatment, she was discharged from the hospital.

At least seven people have died in Anhui and East China’s Zhejiang province due to the virus, the report said. SFTS Virus is not a new virus. China has isolated pathogen of the virus in 2011, and it belongs to the Bunyavirus category.

Virologists believe that the infection may have been passed on to humans by ticks and that the virus can be transmitted between humans, it said.Sheng Jifang, a doctor from the first affiliated hospital under Zhejiang University, said that the possibility of human-to-human transmission could not be excluded; patients can pass the virus to others via blood or mucous.

Doctors warned that tick bite is the major transmission route, as long as people remain cautious, there’s no need to over panic over such virus contagion, it said.

The first cases of novel coronavirus infection were noticed in the wuhan city of China in December 2019 and within a few weeks it spread across the world creating a global catastrophe

The outbreak of another new virus in China is alarming to the world and the experts are of the opinion that countries must get cautious of this virus lest it caused an onset of another pandemic.