➢ How a hot cup of coffee left in a cool room gets colder?

This process is an example of second law of thermodynamics, which states that heat transfers occur spontaneously only from higher to lower temperature bodies. If a hot object comes in contact with any cold object physically, then there will be transfer of energy from hot object to cold object. After some time, the temperature of the hot body will fall down and the temperature of the cold body will rise up till the time they both achieved the same temperature (situation of thermal equilibrium). So, the hot cup of coffee gets cold because it transfers heat to its surroundings.

New Delhi says India will continue to supply COVID-19 vaccines to partner countries in phased manner

India will continue to supply COVID-19 vaccines to partner countries over the coming weeks and months in a phased manner. Official Sources said, India has not imposed any ban on exports of vaccines unlike many other countries.

More than 60 million doses of Made in India vaccines have been supplied to over 75 countries so far. 

No other country has supplied the world with as many doses as India has supplied so far. India commenced domestic COVID-19 vaccination programme on 16th January this year and within days, it also commenced external supplies.

India remains committed to help the world with vaccines, including through COVAX facilities. Given the current manufacturing capacity and requirements of national vaccination programmes, there may be a need to calibrate the supply schedules from time to time. 

CBI conducts searches at more than 100 places across country in connection with bank fraud of over Rs 3,700 Cr

Central Bureau of Investigation has conducted searches at more than hundred places across India in connection with more than 30 cases of bank fraud amounting to over 3,700 crore rupees. These searches are part of Special Drive to book the fraudsters on the complaints received from different public sector banks. The complainant banks include Indian Oversea Bank, Union Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, State Bank of India, IDBI, Canara Bank, Indian Bank and Central Bank of India.

The cities or towns where the searches were conducted include Kanpur, Delhi, Ghaziabad, Mathura, Noida, Gurugram, Chennai, Thiruvarur, Vellore, Tiruppur, Bangalore, Gantur, Hyderabad, Bellary, Vadodara, Kolkata, West Godavari, Surat, Mumbai, Bhopal, Nimadi, Tirupati, Visakhapatnam, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Karnal, Jaipur and Sri Ganganagar.

During searches, various incriminating documents and other material, digital evidence have been recovered.

CBI has been receiving a number of complaints from various  Banks  alleging cheating, diversion of funds, submission of fake or forged documents by different defaulting firms while obtaining loans or credit facilities. There have been allegations that such firms have been turning defaulters resulting into the loans becoming Non Performing Assets, thus causing heavy loss to the public sector banks. 

Former Mumbai Police Commissioner moves Bombay HC seeking CBI probe against Maharashtra Minister Anil Deshmukh

Former Mumbai Police Commissioner Param Bir Singh has filed a public interest litigation in the Bombay High Court seeking an immediate and unbiased probe against Maharashtra Home Minister Anil Deshmukh. 

This comes a day after the Supreme Court asked Singh to approach the Bombay High Court with his grievances. The apex court had said that Singh’s claims that Anil Deshmukh had asked police officer Sachin Vaze to collect 100 crore rupees from bars and restaurants as extortion money was quite serious. 

In his plea filed before the High Court, the former Mumbai top cop has reiterated that Deshmukh held several meetings with Mumbai police officials in February this year. Seeking a CBI probe, the plea added that Deshmukh regularly interfered with police functioning and often misused his office. 

BJP releases list of 11 candidates for Lok Sabha and Assembly by polls

BJP has released a list of candidates for Lok Sabha by-polls in six States. Party has fielded Mangala Suresh Angadi for Belgaum Lok Sabha by-poll in Karnataka and K Ratna Prabha for Tirupati Lok Sabha in Andhra Pradesh.

Ganga Narayan Singh will contest from Madhupur assembly seat in Jharkhand, Ashrit Pattanayak in Pipili seat in Odisha, Rahul Singh in Damoh, Madhya Pradesh and Deepti Maheshwari from Rajsamand seat in Rajasthan.

Byelections to the Lok Sabha Constituencies and 14 Assembly Constituencies in various States will be held on 17th April. 

First phase of assembly elections to be held in Assam, West Bengal tomorrow

Campaigning for the first phase of polls in Assam concluded last evening and Voting will be held tomorrow for 47 assembly constituencies. People will exercise their right to franchise in more than eleven thousand five hundred and thirty polling booths spread across the State.

As the intense election campaigning has subsided from last evening, now all turned to the voters of Assam who will decide the fate of contesting candidates in the voting process to be held tomorrow in the first phase election in Assam.

The concerned district administrations has set up all necessary polls related structures and polling personals started journey to their designated polling stations.

Meanwhile, the police have also intensified patrolling and checking in various places to avoid any unwanted situation. The Assam Assembly Election will have three phases and the counting will be held on 2nd May.

The Election Commission is fully geared up to conduct safe, smooth and peaceful polls on Saturday in the first phase in Assam. Polling will be held in 47 seats in this phase.

Chief Electoral Officer Nitin Khade  said that a total of 264 candidates including 23 women are in fray in the first phase. Mr. Khade said that there would be 11 thousand 537 polling stations in the first phase.  He said that there would be 11 thousand 537 polling stations in the first phase. The CEO mentioned that all Covid related protocols would be followed during the voting process. Mr. Khade mentioned around cash and liquor of  88 crore rupees were seized by the various agencies in the state so far.

50 percent polling stations will be covered through a web casting system in Assam. Participating in an AIR talk show last night, Joint CEO Rahul Chandra Das said that webcasting will be arranged especially in the vulnerable, critical and sensitive polling stations, and in those polling stations having large numbers of electors.

He said that all arrangements are put in place to ensure free , fair and safe polling. Mr. Das informed that special emphasis has been given to ensure voters safety in the wake of Covid 19.

Similarly, polling will also take place in 30 assembly constituencies of Five districts of West Bengal tomorrow under the first phase of election. These districts are East Medinipur, West Medinipur, Purulia, Jhargram and Bankura. The Election Commission is all set to conduct the polls smoothly.Polling parties will reach polling stations by this evening. AIR correspondent reports that security has been briefed up in those places where polling is scheduled tomorrow. 

The Election Commission has deployed a large number of paramilitary forces to ensure a peaceful and fearless environment for the polling. The borders of the state are being closely monitored by the security personnel. Vehicles entering the borders of the district and cities are being checked by the paramilitary personnel in the presence of a magistrate.

Meanwhile, senior leaders of BJP, Trinamool Congress and Sanyukta Marcha have shifted their election campaign in those constituencies where polling will take place in the second and third phase.

PM Modi leaves for Dhaka on 2-day visit to Bangladesh; Says India shares deep cultural, linguistic, people-to-people ties with Bangladesh

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be on a two day visit to Bangladesh from today. The visit is in connection with the commemoration of three epochal events including Mujib Borsho, the birth centenary of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The other events are 50 years of the establishment of diplomatic ties between India and Bangladesh and 50 years of Bangladesh’s war of liberation. During the visit, the Prime Minister will attend the National Day programme of Bangladesh as the guest of honour. He will also call on Bangladesh President Md. Abdul Hamid. Foreign Minister of Bangladesh Dr. A.K. Abdul Momen will call on the Prime Minister.

This will be the first visit of Prime Minister Modi to a foreign country since the outbreak of the Covid pandemic, which highlights the priority India attaches to Bangladesh. The Prime Minister had last visited Bangladesh in 2015.

We spoke to our correspondent Yogesh Pandya from Air Force Station Palam just before the departure of Prime Minister Modi to Dhaka.

Prime Minister Modi will be the guest of honour at the National Day celebrations of Bangladesh in Dhaka today. It will also commemorate the birth centenary of the Father of the Nation of Bangladesh, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

Prime Minister will also visit Bangabandhu’s Samadhi in Tungipara to pay his respect. He will also visit the ancient Jashoreshwari Kali Temple, one of the 51 Shaktipeeths in the Puranic tradition to offer prayers to Goddess Kali. He will also visit Orakandi and interact with the representatives of the Matua community. Apart from this, Prime Minister will also have substantive discussions with Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. He will also meet Bangladesh President Abdul Hamid and dignitaries.

This is the first foreign visit of Prime Minister Modi after Covid19 pandemic, which itself signifies its importance. Mr. Modi is visiting Bangladesh at the invitation of his Bangladeshi counterpart Sheikh Hasina. 

Moreover, Bangladesh is our friendly neighboring country, which shares deep cultural, linguistic and people-to-people ties with India.

India and Bangladesh are likely to sign several MoUs during Prime Minister Modi’s visit. These will be in the field of disaster management and cooperation between some institutions of the two countries. The focus will remain on people to people contact and strengthening the bilateral ties on the strong bonding of history, culture, language and other similarities. India will also extend its support to Bangladesh’s remarkable economic development. India will also express its solidarity and support for Bangladesh’s fight against COVID-19.

Both the leaders first met in 2014 on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York. Since then, both the leaders have already met several times and are enjoying strong personal bonding, which has further strengthened the bilateral ties between the two neighboring countries. Prime Minister Modi described Bangladesh as a key pillar of India’s “Neighbourhood First” Policy, while his Bangladeshi counterpart Sheikh Hasina also called India a true friend.

BILLIE EILISH

Billie Eilish, a girl who can dance, sing and have millions of fans and followers on social media. She is an American singer-songwriter. Her full name is Billie Eilish Pirate Baird O’Connell. Her mother is an actress, musician, and songwriter, her mother was the one who taught her song writing. Her father is also an actor. Phineas, her older brother, and Billie were home-schooled. Her brother is the lead singer and songwriter for the band The Slightlys, he also produces Billie’s music.

Born:18 December 2001(Los Angeles)

Instagram followers:

Billie wrote her first lyrics at the age of 11 about the zombie apocalypse, inspired by The Walking Dead, a television series. She was just 13 when she recorded her first song ‘ocean eyes’ and posted the song online for her dance teacher to hear, so he could choreograph a dance for her but the song took off and made her famous overnight, after that, we all know about her success story.

when she was a child she was diagnosed with Tourette’s syndrome, it’s a neurological syndrome that causes a person to have involuntary physical or verbal tics. She has spoken about her struggle with the disorder.

Her voice is very soft, some people make fun of her voice by saying that she can only whisper-sing and some people finds her voice is unique. In the 2020 Grammy awards, the singer took home 5 trophies. the 18-year-old won the big four awards- best new artist, song of the year, a record of the year, the album of the year. By replacing Christopher Cross She became the second artist in history to ever win all major 4 Grammy awards in one year.

she was on Forbes 2019, 30 under 20 list for music.

FASHION

The singer is also famous among people for her baggy clothes. Her dressing style is very different from other celebrity singers, she likes to wear baggy and ill-fitted clothes. after her voice, her clothes are the one thing that grabs people’s attention. She is one of the celebrities who have broken the strict rules of fashion. Some people love her fashion style and people also style outfits inspired by her. 

Love Is A Parallax by Sylvia Plath

 ‘Perspective betrays with its dichotomy:

train tracks always meet, not here, but only

 in the impossible mind’s eye;

horizons beat a retreat as we embark

on sophist seas to overtake that mark

 where wave pretends to drench real sky.

‘Well then, if we agree, it is not odd

that one man’s devil is another’s god

 or that the solar spectrum is

a multitude of shaded grays; suspense

on the quicksands of ambivalence

 is our life’s whole nemesis.

So we could rave on, darling, you and I,

until the stars tick out a lullaby

 about each cosmic pro and con;

nothing changes, for all the blazing of

our drastic jargon, but clock hands that move

 implacably from twelve to one.

We raise our arguments like sitting ducks

to knock them down with logic or with luck

 and contradict ourselves for fun;

the waitress holds our coats and we put on

the raw wind like a scarf; love is a faun

 who insists his playmates run.

Now you, my intellectual leprechaun,

would have me swallow the entire sun

 like an enormous oyster, down

the ocean in one gulp: you say a mark

of comet hara-kiri through the dark

 should inflame the sleeping town.

So kiss: the drunks upon the curb and dames

in dubious doorways forget their monday names,

 caper with candles in their heads;

the leaves applaud, and santa claus flies in

scattering candy from a zeppelin,

 playing his prodigal charades.

The moon leans down to took; the tilting fish

in the rare river wink and laugh; we lavish

 blessings right and left and cry

hello, and then hello again in deaf

churchyard ears until the starlit stiff

 graves all carol in reply.

Now kiss again: till our strict father leans

to call for curtain on our thousand scenes;

 brazen actors mock at him,

multiply pink harlequins and sing

in gay ventriloquy from wing to wing

 while footlights flare and houselights dim.

Tell now, we taunq where black or white begins

and separate the flutes from violins:

 the algebra of absolutes

explodes in a kaleidoscope of shapes

that jar, while each polemic jackanapes

 joins his enemies’ recruits.

The paradox is that ‘the play’s the thing’:

though prima donna pouts and critic stings,

 there burns throughout the line of words,

the cultivated act, a fierce brief fusion

which dreamers call real, and realists, illusion:

 an insight like the flight of birds:

Arrows that lacerate the sky, while knowing

the secret of their ecstasy’s in going;

 some day, moving, one will drop,

and, dropping, die, to trace a wound that heals

only to reopen as flesh congeals:

 cycling phoenix never stops.

So we shall walk barefoot on walnut shells

of withered worlds, and stamp out puny hells

 and heavens till the spirits squeak

surrender: to build our bed as high as jack’s

bold beanstalk; lie and love till sharp scythe hacks

 away our rationed days and weeks.

Then jet the blue tent topple, stars rain down,

and god or void appall us till we drown

 in our own tears: today we start

to pay the piper with each breath, yet love

knows not of death nor calculus above

 the simple sum of heart plus heart.

FRANZ KAFA

I think we ought to read only the kind of books that wound or stab us. If the book we’re reading doesn’t wake us up with a blow to the head, what are we reading for? So that it will make us happy, as you write? Good Lord, we would be happy precisely if we had no books, and the kind of books that make us happy are the kind we could write ourselves if we had to. But we need books that affect us like a disaster, that grieve us deeply, like the death of someone we loved more than ourselves, like being banished into forests far from everyone, like a suicide. A book must be the axe for the frozen sea within us. That is my belief. -Franz kafka

Franz kafa was born on July 3, 1883 in Prague, Bohemia.

He grew up in a middle class Jewish family Both of his brother’s died before he was seven year’s old and his sisters died in concentration camps during the holocaust.

He studied law at the University of Prague.

During his lifetime, he didn’t publish much of his work, his  friend Max Brod published his work posthumously.

The metamorphosis is his most popular and best selling short story. It was completed in 1912 and got published in 1915. In his book ‘The Judgement’ he wrote about his relationship with his father.

Kafka burned many manuscripts before his death because he was not completely satisfied with his works.

Notable Work

The Metamorphosis

The Castle

Amerika

The Trial

If By Rudyard Kipling

If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies,
Or being hated, don’t give way to hating,
And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise:

If you can dream—and not make dreams your master;
If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools:

If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: ‘Hold on!’

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch,
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!

Wind And Window Flower by Robert Frost

Lovers, forget your love,
And list to the love of these,
She a window flower,
And he a winter breeze.

When the frosty window veil
Was melted down at noon,
And the caged yellow bird
Hung over her in tune,

He marked her through the pane,
He could not help but mark,
And only passed her by,
To come again at dark.

He was a winter wind,
Concerned with ice and snow,
Dead weeds and unmated birds,
And little of love could know.

But he sighed upon the sill,
He gave the sash a shake,
As witness all within
Who lay that night awake.

Perchance he half prevailed
To win her for the flight
From the firelit looking-glass
And warm stove-window light.

But the flower leaned aside
And thought of naught to say,
And morning found the breeze
A hundred miles away.

10 BEST BOOKS OF ALL TIME

1.Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy

Leo Tolstoy was a Russian write. Tolstoy is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time.

2.Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov

Vladimir Nabokov was a Russian -American novelist, poet and translator and entomologist. He wrote in both Russian and English.

3. Hamlet by William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare was a English playwright, poet a and actor. He is regarded as the greatest writer in the English language.

4. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

Fitzgerald is a short- story writer and novelist. He is famous for his depictions of the jazz age.

5. Middlemarch by George Eliot

George Eliot was a poet, novelist, journalist and translator. She was one of the leading writers of the Victorian era.

6. Ulysses by James Joyce

James Joyce was an Irish poet, novelist, short stories writer, teacher and literary critic. He is regarded as one of the most influential writer of 20th century.

7. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin

Jane Austin was an English novelist. she published only four novels during her lifetime- Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Emma and Mansfield park.

8. Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte

English novelist and poet, Emily Bronte wrote over 200 poems but only a small fraction was published.

9. Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell

George Orwell was an English novelist. essayist, journalist and critic. He is one of the worlds most influential author.

10. Great Expectations by Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens was an English writer and social critic, he is considered as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era.

Why artificial pollination industry is blooming?

Decline in bee population, forcing some farmers to pollinate crops by hand.

Pollination is the main mode of reproduction in plant’. It’s a method of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds and a pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower, Majority of the flower’s plants rely on pollinators move pollen from plant to plant. Honey bee is the most widely knows pollinator. Without pollinators we won’t be able to grow the crops necessary for food, majority of our staple crops and food crops requires pollinators. Increasing air pollution, climate change, loss of habitat and over- development, pollinators are pollinating less. To overcome this problem artificial techniques have been developed.

In artificial pollination the plants are hand pollinated. In this method pollination is done by manually transferring pollen from the stamen of one plant to the pistil of another and for pollinating tall trees mechanical devices have been developed. The devices used in mechanical pollination is generally made of long telescopic light metal or plastic tubing to reach the target. The existing methods for mechanical pollination are difficult, uneconomical and time consuming also.

Recent studies revealed that electrostatic forces play an important role in pollination. Electrostatic is a scientific study and application of electric charges which accumulate on a surface. Electrostatic devices can be used for both non-contact detachment as well as electro-deposition of pollen. The biggest advantage of non detachment method using electrostatic forces is that it reduces physical damage to the pollen grains and flowers, enables safe and healthy pollination which ensures higher field, better quality and expected market rates. Electrostatic pollination is very important, it could reduce the pollen requirement to one third of conventional artificial pollination and could double the full seed percentage without reduction in viability. It is the need of the hour to bring in expertise from both plant breeding and agricultural engineering fraternity to develop a versatile and cost-effective electrostatic artificial pollination technology system. AS the population of natural pollinators in the world is declining so the Electrostatic pollination technique seems to be the saviour of the global food security and food-supply chain.

In conventional hand pollination method, there is a high wastage of pollen grains that need to be produced to ensure fertilization occurs, which greatly raises production costs. On the other hand, the process of artificial pollination using electrostatic charging would scatter lesser pollen mass to pollinate similar number of plants. The concept of electrostatic non contact detachment and deposition of charged pollens in plant pollination ensures less physical damage to pollen therefore, it has better potential to increase the fruit set and its quality. Moreover, the Electrostatics in artificial pollination is reliable, economic and much convenient while dealing with pollination of larger tress which is a very tedious job while working with manual method.

At present, electrostatic pollination method is routinely used for date palms in Arab countries, for larch in forestry and pistachio pollination, etc.

FANDRY MOVIE


Fandry is a Marathi word which means pig. The movie is directed by Nagraj Manjule who is best known for his Marathi film Sairat. Many scenes in the movies are inspired from Nagraj own experience. The movie focuses on the hardships faced by a poor family living on the outskirts of village in Maharashtra. Nagraj touched so many issues in this film from social discrimination, dowry, Ill treatment of women to superstition. It’s very hard to believe that it’s the story of today’s India. In the movie we can see lot of photo frames of great thinkers on the school wall but there were many scene’s which shows how we forget to learn or understand what those thinkers did.
The main protagonist Jabya belongs to a lower cast family. Samnath Awghade played the role Jabya.
Kachru, Jabya’s father role is played by Kishor Kadam who is best known for his works in Marathi and Hindi cinema. Kachru serves as an all-purpose peon for the village. Most of the time his job is to catch pigs. Jabyas Nani (Chhaya kadam) sometimes also helps Kachru in catching pigs and other laborious work.
The movie shows the hardships faced by a Dalit family on a daily basis in India. From the very beginning we get to know that Jabya wants to study but his father forces him to get involved in the butchering and selling of pigs in which Jabya’s family is involved. He never refuses to do what his father and other family is doing. Whenever his schoolmates are around, he escapes from the pig hunting site. Jabya tries to run away from his identity but he failed miserably.

  1. The Whole village always ignored Jabyas family and makes fun of them. They only speak to them when they want to get their work done.
  2. The head of the village told Jabya father “your pig created havoc” and told him to catch the pig before the village wresting tournament starts. As his family starts hunting the pig. Jabyas class fellow and villagers starts gathering. Now Jabya knows that everyone is watching him and there is no escape from humiliation. when Jabya’s family finally get successful in catching the pig and they were carrying it out of the village, they pass through a wall which has paintings of revolutionaries like B.R Ambedkar, Savitribai Phileas, Jyotiba Phule, they are the people who worked hard to eradicate caste system out of our country. This scene shows that not much has been changed because we all are too thick skinned to be touched by these kinds of tragedy. Jabya family humiliation shows that the past efforts of revolutionaries have been whitewashed by the present.
    The last stone he throws directly towards the camera, the stone comes at us- the audience because we all know about the caste discrimination but we all are so insensitive towards this and always turns blind eye from the truth, it’s a shame and the most shameful part is that nobody is ashamed.