10 Things In Life Everybody Should Know

Just like how we require a driving license test to be cleared in-order to drive any vehicle on the road, there are certain life lessons which are tested since the very beginning of our lives. There are a certain few things in life which does not require any examination to be given, but at the same time, assesses us in the same way as any other examination. Few of those life lessons are as follows:

Nobody will get out of this life alive- One should acknowledge the fact that life is finite and that everybody is here for a short life span. The very fact that life is temporary will help us acknowledge that we should live our lives to the best each day.
Life is unpredictable, but one can have a plan- Life is very unpredictable, there can be many unforseen circumstances unfolding us in our journey of life. But, a simple plan can ensure us to face the obstacles better and though a plan is not sure about the outcome, it will lessen our fear and obstacles in such a way that we will be able to face anything.
Great Friendships enhance the quality of life- We come across many people in our lives. Some of them stay with us throughout our lives. Always ensure to invest in a few friends, they will be worth it, they bring in the best out of you. But always do remember that quality of friends is more important than quantity.
Always expect and accept setbacks- Setbacks and uncompleted goals or tasks are sure be to there with us. It is on us to move on from it and if those setbacks sets apart our direction or goal, accept it, as it might give us surprises which we would never have imagined.
Do not be materialistic- We might earn a lot of money when we are into any business or profession. But always keep in mind not to be materialistic. Managing with the amount of money we have is the most effective way and the lesser the money we have, we’ll be more effective in spending it.
Always invest on our health- Health is Wealth! Maintaining our body is very important in the long run. Always ensure to pick a good new exercise each day as it will keep our body and mind fit throughout. Always cling on to the new good habits learnt.
Self-discipline is important- Self-discipline is very important to achieve all of our desires. Self-discipline can sometimes be defined as doing what we do not want to do in-order to acheive the thing or result which we wanted to do. Self-discipline will ensure balance among work life, social life and personal life.
Make provision for future- The very fact that life is unpredictable will make us always think about having an emergency fund. Save a certain amount of money for any sort of future emergencies, start off small and then keep increasing your savings.
Mean what you say- Always say what you mean and mean what you say. It brings about clarity in our mind and our spoken words. It will bring about confidence in yourself and the people around you will be confident with you too.
No Procrastination- The habit of postponing things on a later date should never be learnt. What is to be done, one should be determined to do it. Procrastination makes tasks harder.

So, these are some of the ways in which one can lead to an easy life and will be able to lead a meaningful life.

21 Things Everyone Should Know About Life

Chokher Bali: Liberty of Free Thinking

Rabindranath Tagore’s Chokher Bali portrays a society in a way that is realistic and on point. Tagore is considered to be one of the greatest writers in modern Indian Literature.

The poet, the composer, short story writer, playwright, essayist, and artist, has achieved proficiency in almost all forms of literature.

On his 160th birth anniversary, we are going to look back on one of his stories “Chokher Bali” to understand how he portrayed the condition of people and the societal set up at that time. He showcased issues that are even relevant till now.

Stories by Rabindranath Tagore includes Choker Bali

Chokher Bali: Synopsis

Choker Bali, a story set in the aesthetics of Kolkata depicts the pain of widows, the societal setup which ignores the needs of women and considers widows as bad omen and keeps them away from happiness.

Through this, he also highlighted the issues of women’s education, child marriage and shows how psychologically confused a person can be because of the pressure by society.

The story revolves around 4 characters Binodini, Ashalata, Mahendra, and Behari.

Radhika Apte as Binodini in Stories by Rabindranath Tagore(2015)

Binodini, an educated woman who witnessed the death of her husband at a very young age. She was forced to live her life as a widow for the rest of her life. She was first rejected by Mahendra and he then marries a beautiful but uneducated woman, Ashalata. Binodini’s life became as colourless as her saree.

But when she met Behari, he was Mahendra’s friend a feeling of attraction came to them for each other, but they did not confess. Binodini came to know how happy Ashalata and Mahendra are together, this came with a feeling of envy in her empty heart.

Conflicted thoughts in her brain made her think that Ashalta is living a life that Binodini deserves. These thoughts gave her purpose in her empty life, now she wants Mahendra to realize the mistake he has done to reject Binodini. She uses Mahin’s mother Rajlaxshmi’s dislike of Asha to manipulate her way into their lives. The feeling of envy for Ashalata and Mahin dominated the feeling of attraction towards Behari.

“Clouds come floating into my life, no longer to carry rain or usher storm, but add color to my sunset sky”.

Mahindra represented the part of a superficial male-dominated society, which ignores the needs of others. He loved Ashalata very much but after he comes across Binodini, his interest shifted. He started taking her for granted.

On the other hand, Ashalata uneducated but an innocent soul, she was unaware of Bindoni’s intentions and she considers Binodini her friend. She worships her husband and was helpless as she must always depend on the man in her life, first her uncle and then her husband. Due to this dependence, we can witness the patriarch of society and the vulnerability of women because of the lack of education.

Binodini and Ashalata: Victim of Patriarch

Tagore draws parallels between the educated and the uneducated through Asha and Binodini. Binodini is likewise left without any financial provision but is left with education which allows and helps her with the liberty of free-thinking.

She represents a new female subjectivity whose western education transforms her into a woman with her own heart and mind. One who isn’t bound with traditional customs. Binodini to an extent had that sense of differentiating between right and wrong.

Tagore structured the story in such a way that all the decisions by Binodini seem rational and all her desires appear to be natural. Society has restricted her to live in a specific way and she’s liberated to mould her life in accordance with her needs and desires.

Chokher Bali: An attempt to educate people about the needs of women.

A century after Chokher Bali, education is still a struggle for many women to access easily throughout the world. Tagore’s novel is unconventionally presenting a viewpoint that is ahead of the conservative times of 19th and 20th century India.

Through the story of Binodini, Tagore questions most of the societal norms. He condemns all kinds of taboos that are being fed to humans from the start of life.

Tagore, a man from a privileged background, his understanding of the emotions of Indian women and his empathetic attitude towards them is sensational.

Chokher Bali has been adapted several times in films, television. Most notable examples: Chokher Bali by Rituparno Ghosh in 2003, and the television series Stories by Rabindranath Tagore in 2015 directed by Anurag Basu.

Chokher Bali, a work of art presented by Tagore beautifully puts a light on issues related to women, which he witnessed in the 19th century. These social evils are so difficult to get rid of as those issues are even relevant till now. Chokher Bali perfectly encapsulates how gender plays a large role in a person’s treatment by society.

Tagore made us understand that education moulds a person to be independent of societal pressure. Education can emancipate a woman to be liberated enough. Enough to get rid of the patriarchal structure which oppresses them from birth.

a truth on how women are treated

Overview
Have you ever thought of what do women go through every single day? It’s not about what you see them going through it’s about things that she can never express. It’s about seeing it yourself and accepting them. It is about recognizing them, considering them, and appreciating them. Men do a lot to their part, but neither man can take women’s position nor women can take men’s position. Both have a separate role to play. In the ancient times, women were not even considered to be the part of the society, they were just seen as a caretaker of the households and nothing else. They have discriminated then also and now also in some backward areas and somewhere in the cities too. Poor Women were always seen with a thought that they will never be able to do something other than household and that’s why she doesn’t even get an opportunity to do anything. They are not appreciated for the work they are doing daily, finding it to be their day-to-day responsibility. Instead, they are treated like she is meant to do it. This does not happen everywhere but, happens in most places.
She is sometimes seen as a machine, and when she is seen taking a rest or taking time for herself she is questioned that, have you completed all the work?
What problems do they face due to this?
It is human nature that when you don’t get an appreciation for the work you have done and the efforts you have put in to successfully complete it, you feel disheartened or not doing it again. Similarly, it happens with women. As, they work so hard to keep his family, friends happy and satisfied with so much effort and she doesn’t even get acknowledged or appreciated for it. Then she starts feeling lonely and unwilling to take up more things. She feels as if she has a daily basis job to do where there are no incentives and recommendations. She starts feeling underconfident, anxious and becomes the victim of depression. It makes them feel that they could not be a good house maker. And, this happens with each and every woman at a certain point in time.
The solution to this problem
Start acknowledging their efforts. Appreciate each and everything whether it is small or big. You can also be a part of her efforts to provide her more support and to tell her that you are there to help her every time single time. This way it will help you to bond and the work she is doing alone and taking more time will be reduced.

ORGANIC FARMING

” With wrong farming methods, we turn fertile land into desert. Unless we go back to organic farming and save the soil, there is no future” Today more and more people across the globe are accepting and practicing organic farming. What is Organic farming exactly? Well Organic farming is a agriculture method which is done without using any chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides, it was introduced in the world in 20^th century. As we know that by 20^thcentury our world became more advanced in technology and started using chemicals in agriculture to increase the production rate. But as the time went by people realized that these chemicals were actually degrading the quality of soil and the food crops. Also, people were tired of eating food which was full of chemicals, they were not getting any nutrients from the food. Hence, the idea of Organic Farming originated in the west which was accepted by people across the globe with open arms. The basic idea of Organic Farming was to provide food products with maximum nutritious value and minimum dangerous ingredients.

Big Misconception about Organic Farming : There is a big misconception that organic foods are relatively expensive. The truth is they are actually cheaper because they don’t require the application of expensive pesticides, insecticides, and weedicides. In fact, you can get organic foods direct from the source at really reasonable prices.

BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FARMING:-

1. To Accrue the Benefits of Nutrients Foods from organic farms are loaded with nutrients such as vitamins, enzymes, minerals and other micro-nutrients compared to those from conventional farms. This is because organic farms are managed and nourished using sustainable practices.

2. Natural and Better Taste Those that have tasted organically farmed foods would attest to the fact that they have a natural and better taste. The natural and superior taste stems from the well balanced and nourished soil. Organic farmers always prioritize quality over quantity.

3. Direct Support to Farmers Purchasing food items from organic farmers is a surefire investment in a cost-effective future. Conventional farming methods have enjoyed great subsidies and tax cuts from most governments over the past years. This has led to the proliferation of commercially produced foods that have increased dangerous diseases like cancer.

Four Principles of Organic Farming 1. Principle of Health Organic agriculture must contribute to the health and well being of soil, plants, animals, humans and the earth. It is the sustenance of mental, physical, ecological and social well being. For instance, it provides pollution and chemical-free, nutritious food items for humans.

2. Principle of Fairness Fairness is evident in maintaining equity and justice of the shared planet both among humans and other living beings. Organic farming provides good quality of life and helps in reducing poverty. Natural resources must be judiciously used and preserved for future generations.

3. Principle of Ecological Balance Organic farming must be modeled on living ecological systems. Organic farming methods must fit the ecological balances and cycles in nature.

4. Principle of Care Organic agriculture should be practiced in a careful and responsible manner to benefit the present and future generations and the environment. As opposed to modern and conventional agricultural methods, organic farming does not depend on synthetic chemicals. It utilizes natural, biological methods to build up soil fertility such as microbial activity boosting plant nutrition. Secondly, multiple cropping practiced in organic farming boosts biodiversity which enhances productivity and resilience and contributes to a healthy farming system.

5 Things No One Will Tell You About Your First Job

1. Money doesn’t always matter. You will need almost a year before you get used to a lifestyle you can afford, hang in there things will get better. First jobs should be about experience and learning anyway. On the way your paycheck will rise in accordance with your work.

2. First impressions. Its true, first impressions matter but if you mess things up, it would not be the end of the world. You are new. You need time and it will be alright. People will come around eventually as they see what a nice and hardworking person you are.

3. Hard Work. No matter what field you work in, no matter how supportive people you have got around you, you have to work for yourself and it is not going to be easy. There are 100s of people out there who would want to be in your place but you need to try harder and maintain your position.

4. Do Not Assume. Ask if you are confused, do not shoot in the dark and do not beat around the bushes. There is no shame in asking for help and you are here to learn anyway. Assuming things and then messing it up is not what you want to do on your first job, so it is better to consult someone or make sure what you have been asked to do and then go ahead.

5. It is okay to not be okay. Not everyday is going to be glamorous as the job brochure may say. Not everyone is going to like you and you won’t be able to please everybody. Take out time for your own sake, for the sake of your mental health. You won’t come out of the office every single day and be satisfied with your work. Some time things will run smoothly and some times it might get rough. A break might not fix everything but it will atleast give you the energy to face things again.

Hang in there. You will do great, it might take time but you will eventually catch up. And in the end it will all be worth it.

Feminism In History

Sita Devi, Malala Yousafzai, Arunachalam Muruganantham, Justin Trudeau, Jim Parsons – they have one thing in common – Feminism.

Equality is like gravity. We need it to stand on this earth as men and women, and the misogyny that is in every culture is not a true part of the human condition.
Joss Whedon

A whole lot of us choose not to be called feminists due to the envelope of wrong teachings of ancient patriarchy. Despite standing for nothing but inclusivity and equality, it is seen as a gimmick to assert the dominance of women over men, something that it is just “anti-men.” This is the root cause of the negative connotations attached to feminism. Years of wrong, limited portrayals in the media have stereotyped a feminist as the one uncouth woman who drinks, smokes carelessly, abuses shamelessly, does not understand the need to get married, hates pink, and loathes men. That is definitely not what feminism specifically stands for.

The #MeToo movement has made a ton of heads turn and as it forged ahead, feminism reached the level of cultural relevance that it hadn’t been subjected to in years. Now, a major item of cultural discourse, it has definitely led to the ‘clear as mud’ conversations as quite a lot of the population was unaware of the basic terminology of feminism.

One can’t give a single definition to the word ‘feminism’, but in short, it signifies putting a full stop to gender discrimination and focusing on gender equality. There’ve been different types of feminism that’ve come into the picture. Instead of describing them separately, feminism was divided into different phases based on the timeline called the “waves of feminism.” You might think that this history is a straightforward arc. The reality is that there are many sub-movements building on (and standing against ) each other. That being said, the wave metaphor serves as a good starting point. It doesn’t tell the whole story, but it helps outline it.

The First-wave feminism of the early 1900s had a fairly simple goal: have society recognize that women are humans too, not property. However, it only focused on the privileges and freedom of white women primarily.

The Second-wave feminism of the 1960s, built on first-wave feminism challenged women’s roles in the society. Traditional gender and family roles were questioned and the theory of Queer population was more in discussion. Women were now given access to male-dominated spaces, promoting equality. The system was questioned of being inherently patriarchal and that only an overhaul could liberate women.

While first and second-wave feminism had largely neglected racial disparities within gender, the Third wave brought attention to it. The term ‘intersectionalism’ was brought into the picture – how different kinds of oppression – like those based on gender and race – intersect with each other.

Social media has lobbed the movement into the technological age. The fourth wave emphasizes on inclusivity and trans rights are a big part of the conversation, too.

Half-knowledged people say that the misogyny faced by women today is idealized by Sita who faced similar things in her life too. The despotism tolerated by Sita has set a baseline for torment in our culture for the women to follow today. However, this is untrue. The truth had just lost its translation. She had her own fight against the patriarchal world but she rose above her status to show free will and courage to stand up against injustice. In the end, she stopped looking for any saviour and reclaimed her honour and defied what she thought was wrong.

Feminism does not associate itself only with equality of women. It addresses the issues of caste, race, disabilities, and more. By the same token, it works to liberate men from the toxicity of society. It serves as a means to uplift marginalized people who were denied equality historically. Hence, trying to shun it by using the concept of ‘equalism’ would be like overlooking the centuries of trauma and injustice. Its aim now is fighting kyriarchy ( a social system or set of connecting social systems built around domination, oppression, and submission) as well.

It’s the perception of feminism that needs a change. The only bad guy here is the structural oppression which affects every person – man or woman, in some way. A man tied in the shackles of patriarchy needs a voice too and that’s the perk of feminism. It is time to stop looking at it in the wrong light as it would only drive you away from the reality of intersectional problems.

Dreams: The world of delusions

When we sleep we enter into a world unknowingly which is full of delusions, fantasies, and imaginations. The series of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur in our subconscious mind involuntarily during certain stages of sleep is known as Dream.

Dreams occur in the rapid- eye movement (R.E.M.) stage of sleep when the brain activity is high. If a person is awakened during this stage of sleep then they generally remember the dream which is seen by them during this stage. R.E.M. sleep is understood by the continuous movements of the eyes. The eye movement can be caused due to the changing of scenes in a dream. Dreams can appear in an average of three to seven times during a one night sleep. It can last for a few seconds to 20-30 minutes.

During sleep, the mind and the body relaxes from the long day activities. People experience a lot during the day and there is actually a little time to process each thing while being awake. So it is during sleep when all the things experienced during or throughout the day are processed. This shows that the mind is more active during a dream than when someone is awake.

Dreams take place in the subconscious mind. During sleep, the conscious mind sleeps but the subconscious mind never really sleeps. The subconscious mind becomes busy processing the thoughts and the concerns during sleep. This process thus generates dreams. Thus it is believed that dreams are what what we see or experience throughout the day. It is the summation of all the events and the physical and emotional exercises that we undergo during the day appears to us in the form of dreams in a more creative way .

In dreams we can see only the familiar faces. Subconscious mind cannot invent new faces as it only contains the memory that it has stored when the conscious mind was awake. It is very interesting to know that dreams do not show reading. Meaning a person can’t dream about reading a book during their sleep. It is because the dreams take place in the subconscious mind and it cannot make any words or letters as it is the job of the conscious mind.

Men and women dream differently. It is observed that the dreams of men usually contains aggression, physical activities, and also the quantity of people in a man’s dream is usually less. But a woman’s dream is totally opposite. The dream of women usually contains emotional situations and their dreams generally have more number of people unlike that of a man’s dream.

If a person is undergoing through underlying stress and anxiety then the negative dreams can appear which consists of anger, fear, insecurity, and sadness. Unpleasant dreams give a sign that the mental health of the person is disturbed and it needs to be taken care of immediately.

Sometimes the dreams give the feeling of “déjà vu”. After waking we feel that the thing that appeared in the dream is taking place in reality. The researches suggest that dreams recharge creativity. While sleep, the subconscious mind is dealing with and working out the problems and thus provides solutions by reliving the events. For example James Watson envisioned the DNA double helix.

There are different kinds of dreams:

• Daydreams: It is referred to as the dreaming while we are awake.

• Recurring dreams: These are the dreams which occurs repeatedly for more than once.

• False awakening: Sometimes while dreaming we find ourselves woken up from sleep but later it is understood that we are not actually awake it was just a part of the dream.

• Healing dreams: These dreams are generally the comfort giving and good vibes giving dreams.

• Nightmares: These are the dreams which are full of negativity. People having nightmares see dreams having the theme of dying or any other type of violence. Also, sometimes if anyone sees a scary dream it is also referred to as a nightmare. Some nightmares can be so dangerous that people just wake up from sleep and starts to scream.

• Lucid dreams: These dreams generally take place in the R.E.M. stage of sleep. Lucid dreams are the ones when someone know that they are dreaming and thus they can control their dreams too at that stage of sleep.

People experience a lot everyday so it is very much normal to have dreams everyday as it is the processing of the memories stored in the subconscious mind. So even if people dream everyday 3-7 dreams, not all dreams can be remembered.

What is Python programming language?

Python is one of the most popular and fastest-growing programming language. Inherently, it is interpreted, high-level, general-purpose, and object-oriented scripting language, which means the following:

•Interpreted

An interpreter processes the source file at runtime, it reads the lines of code, one by one and performs what is said. Similarly to Perl and PHP, Python does not require that you compile your program before executing it. So, you do not have to invoke a compiler. Instead of running the compiler that helps turn source files into compiled class files, you simply run a .py file. Python byte code compilation is automatic and entirely implicit.

•High-level

Python relies on easy-to-read structures that are later translated into a low-level language, the original code that is run on a computer’s central processing unit (CPU). A high-level language is intended to be used by a programmer and the written code is further interpreted into a low-level language. Like C++ or Java, before running, Python has to be processed. This enables Python’s portability — it can run on different kinds of computers with nearly no modifications.

•General-purpose

Python can be used for nearly everything. It is applicable to almost every field for a variety of tasks. Be it the execution of such short-term tasks as software testing or long-term product development that involves roadmap planning, Python works well for them all, it is applicable all over the map. Its roles are unlimited. It is popular not only among software engineers, but also among specialists in other fields: mathematics, data analysis, science, accounting, and network engineering. Likewise, Python cliques with young people because it’s a very beginner-friendly scripting language.

•Object-oriented

This programming paradigm gives an overall orientation towards scripting and powerful code structuring. This object-oriented approach allows thinking of problems in terms of classes and objects. Then, objects are composed in such a way to make up complex computer programs. Beside the object-oriented programming, Python also supports a procedural paradigm. With OOP being only one of the options, you can make Python programming more advanced by going for an object-oriented programming approach. Developers can create reusable patterns of code thus curtailing redundancy in development projects.

Aloe-e cell

Aloe Ecell Pvt Ltd, is a startup company based in India, who won national startup award 2020 by startup India for their invention of 100% natural, eco-friendly battery Out of aloe-vera. This amazing invention is done by two engineering graduates Nimisha Verma and Naveen Suman. The headquarters of the company is in Rajiv Nagar, Lucknow.
Batteries are used everywhere as a primary source of energy for electronic devices. These conventional small, disposable batteries that we use in our remotes, clocks, toys are alkaline batteries. They are made of many harmful chemical substances like sulfuric acid, sodium bicarbonate etc. And the reusable batteries which can be recharged and used multiple times are lithium-ion batteries and lead acid batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are used in laptops and smartphones. Lead acid batteries are used in cars. These batteries also contain lead, nickel, cadmium, mercury etc. which are very hazardous. If these were not handled carefully, end up leaching into the environment and the ultimate result is pollution. The polluted water and soil will confirm accumulation of these compounds in plants and animals. And also, these batteries are used only up to their 70-80% efficiency and landfilling of these waste batteries may cause explosion. They also cause liver cirrhosis and pulmonary heart disease. As reported by India today Our country contributes for 82% of E-waste. In addition, All the raw materials for the preparation of these batteries are almost imported from different countries. This import applies a high pressure of $148 billion on the Indian economy.
Till this invention Aloe-vera is only known for its medicinal property and as a natural moisturizer. But the scenario has changed now. A new belief on manufacturing of eco-friendly batteries is built. As Nimisha Verma says she always has been an environment friendly person and when she saw Ghaziabad landfill which had huge amount of waste filled made her to think about contributing towards the waste management.
As consequence aloe-ecell created aloe-vera batteries. These can be used to power remotes, clocks, torches and cameras. and it is of 1.5V power liquid battery at a cost of 9-10 rupees per battery which is 10% less than existing ones. These batteries can easily be recycled or refilled. It is safe during use and also after disposal. They will never cause any kind of pollution. The internal structure of the battery is like that it will help in better ion transport. It is leakproof. And no special segregation and disposal processes are needed. An increased use of these batteries will decrease the pressure on the economy by up to 78% saving approximately $109 billion. It will increase the market demand of aloe-vera and benefits the farmer as 2-3 crops of aloe-vera can be easily grown on a small land. A profit of 8400 USD can happen on growing aloe-vera on 2 acres of land per harvest. This will also decrease pollution by 71.6% and disease caused by dry cell batteries by 97%. Zinc usage will also decrease by 89%. Nimisha also hopes to produce mobile batteries as well.
Like aloe-ecell there are many startups which can make India’s Athmanirbhar dream come true if executed with a vision and will help India grow bwtter.

Mutual Funds 1O1- Types (Part II)

In this article, we will take forward the conversation we started in “Mutual Funds 1O1- Types (Part I)”. If you haven’t given the previous article a read at- https://eduindexnews.com/2021/06/22/mutual-funds-1o1-types-part-i/ ,I would recommend doing that for better understanding.

Now, that we are all caught up let’s start from where we left:

3. Debt Funds Debt funds aim to provide safety and regular income to investors through investing in the fixed income instruments like Government bonds, corporate debentures etc. The periodic interest received on these bonds is used to provide regular income to unit holders in the form of dividend. These funds are considered less risky in comparison to equity funds. However the NAV of these funds is influenced by the market interest rate movements. If the interest rates in the market moves up, NAV of these funds declines and vice-versa. If an investor plans to exit at the maturity of the scheme then he is not affected by such movements. There are several types of debt funds like:

3.1 Diversified Debt Funds: Diversified debt funds invest the corpus of the scheme in the debt securities of various sectors and in the government as well as corporate debt instruments. Because of inherent safety of debt and added diversification, these schemes are considered to offer moderate to low risk and return to its investors.

3.2 High Yield Debt Funds: High yield debt funds are the mutual fund schemes which invest in the below investment grade bonds with a rating of BB or lower than that. Because these bonds are quite risky therefore in order to attract the investors they offer high yield. Thus in spite of debt investments these schemes offer high risk-high return to its investors. The NAV of these schemes is quite volatile and the scheme’s portfolio has high default risk and in turn high return.

3.3 Fixed Maturity Plan (FMP): FMPs are Close ended schemes, issued by Mutual funds, and mature at fixed maturity date. It could be 15 days, 30, 90, 141, 180 or even 365 days. Some even have a three or five-year time frame. At the end of this period, the scheme matures, just like a fixed deposit. FMPs invest in fixed income instruments, like bonds, government securities, money market instruments (very short-term fixed return investments) etc. The objectives of FMPs are to generate steady returns over a fixed maturity period and protect the investors against market fluctuations. FMPs are typically passively managed fixed income schemes with the fund manager locking in to investments with maturities corresponding with the maturity of the plan.

3.4 Floating Rate Debt Funds: These funds invest in floating rate debt securities. Example: rate of 10 year G-Sec +1%. Their NAV fluctuates less than debt funds investing in fixed rate instruments because their coupon rate moves in line with the market interest rate.

3.5 Gilt Funds: Gilt funds as the name implies are the schemes which invest in the safest debt instruments. These schemes invest in the long term government bonds which do not have any risk of default. However these long-term bond prices are affected by the general interest rate movements and follow an inverse relationship. Thus NAV of the gilt fund goes down when interest rates in the market go up and vice-versa. A short term investor has to be careful about these movements

3.6 Money Market or Liquid Fund: Money market mutual funds are often used by short term retail investors or corporates to park their short-term surplus funds. These funds offer the highest safety of principal and liquidity of funds to its investors. These funds invest the investor’s money in safe and liquid debt instruments like certificate of deposits, commercial papers, call and notice money market etc. These instruments are quite safe and have negligible default risk. At the same time they have very short maturities and therefore are not much influenced by interest rate movement because in such a short span of time there is very low probability of adverse interest rate movements. Thus money market mutual funds are considered as least risky among all the mutual funds

4. Hybrid Funds: Hybrid funds are the funds which allocate the funds in the equity as well as debt securities. There are various types of such funds like:

4.1 Balanced Fund: Balance funds also known as hybrid funds aim to provide the investor the capital appreciation of equity as well as regular income and safety of debt investment. They invest the pool of funds received from the investors under the scheme in the judicious mix of equity and debt instruments. The perfectly balanced fund will invest 50% of corpus in debt and 50% in equity. An equity oriented balanced fund will invest more than 65% of corpus in equity while a debt oriented balanced fund will allocate less than 65% of its corpus in equity. Thus they offer moderate risk and return to investors.

4.2 Monthly Income Plan (MIP): The investment objective of the Monthly Income Plan is to distribute dividends among its unit holders, every month. It therefore invests largely in debt securities (75 to 80% of their corpus) so that periodic interest received from such debt investments can be used to declare regular dividends. However, a small percentage is invested in equity instruments to improve the scheme’s yield.

4.3 Capital Protection Funds: Capital protection fund is a fund whereby the AMC (asset management company) safeguards the capital invested, irrespective of the fund’s performance. These schemes ensure the capital protection for the investors by investing in the government securities with no risk of default. A calculated portion of corpus is invested in fixed income instruments to ensure the capital protection and balance in equity for some capital appreciation in the portfolio. This calculated portion is decided by applying the time value of money concepts to the returns received in the fixed income instruments. For example, Let us assume in a capital guaranteed scheme, a person invests Rs.10000 and the scheme is a close ended scheme for 3 years. After 3 years, he has to be given back at least Rs.10000.Fund will invest Rs.7938 in Debt fund generating a return of 8% which will provide Rs.10000 after 3 years. Rs.2062 will be invested in the derivative market and will generate returns or at the most it may remain Rs.2062. If it remains Rs.2062, the investor will get back Rs.10000+2062= Rs.12062 a return of 6.45%.

5. Fund of Funds: A mutual fund which invests the pool of funds collected from the investors under the schemes, in the other mutual fund schemes is called Fund of Funds. Just as a mutual fund invests the funds in different securities like equity, debt etc., a fund of funds holds units of many different mutual fund schemes and cash/ Money market securities / Short term deposits. A fund of funds permits investors to achieve the appropriate diversification and suitable asset allocation with investments in various fund categories that are all packaged in the form of one fund. However, if the fund of funds carries an operating expense, investors are essentially paying double for an expense that is already included in the expense figures of the underlying funds.

While the liquid funds are perceived as least risky and therefore offering lowest returns, the sector funds give highest returns though at the cost of huge risk. Other schemes have varying risk-return profiles which may be categorized as high, moderate & low risk-return combinations etc. as shown in the figure.

Important dates of year

Important dates of year

Important dates that remembers tha value of that day’s special on that dates there where happens many..

Some Dates are remember to proude to be that day and few days are treated important if they have a significant history behind them, such as an event or something of high importance that brought a revolutionary change to people and all mankind at large had occurred on that day

And some dates are important for Exams

Let we know that dates are :

Important Days in January

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	January 04	World Braille Day	To recognize efforts of Luis Braille who invented the Braille language which helps blind people to read and write.
2.	January 09	Pravasi Bhartiya Divas (NRI Day)	The day commemorates the return of Mahatma Gandhi from South Africa in Bombay on 9 January 1915.
3.	January 10	World Hindi Day	To promote the use of Hindi language abroad and to mark the anniversary of first World Hindi Conference which was held in 1975.
4.	January 12	National Youth Day	To commemorate the birthday of great spiritual leader, Swami Vivekananda.
5.	January 15	Indian Army Day	In recognition of Lieutenant General K. M. Cariappa becoming the first Indian Commander-in-Chief in 1948.
6.	January 23	Desh Prem Divas	To celebrate the birth anniversary of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
7.	January 24	National Girl Child Day	To create awareness among people about the inequalities faced by the girl child in the society.
8.	January 25	National Voters Day	To increase participation of citizens of the country in the political process.
National Tourism Day	To raise awareness about the importance of tourism for the Indian economy.
9.	January 26	International Customs Day	To commemorate the very first official conference of the Customs Co-operation Council i.e. World Customs Organization.
India’s Republic Day	On this day, the Constitution of India came into force and replaced the existing Government of India Act,1935.
10.	January 30	World Leprosy Eradication Day (Last Sunday of January)	To increase awareness among people regarding Leprosy or Hansen’s Disease.
Martyr’s Day/ Mahatma Gandhi Death Anniversary	To honour those who lost their lives defending the sovereignty of the nation.

Important Days in February

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	February 02	World Wetland day	To mark the date of the signing of the Convention on Wetlands, on 2 February 1971, in the Iranian city of Ramsar on the shores of the Caspian Sea.
2.	February 04	World Cancer Day	To raise awareness of cancer and to encourage its prevention, detection and treatment.
3.	February 06	International Day of zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation	To raise awareness about the female genital mutilation and to promote its eradication.
4.	February 11	International Day Women and Girls in Science	To highlight the achievement of female, equal participation and access in the science field.
5.	February 13	World Radio Day	To celebrate radio as a medium to promote and access information.
6.	February 20	World day of Social Justice	To promote efforts to tackle issues such as poverty, exclusion, and unemployment.
7.	February 21	International Mother Language Day	To promote awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.
8.	February 24	Central Excise Day	To encourage the employees of excise department to carry out the central excised duty all over India in a better way to prevent corruption.
9.	February 28	National Science Day	To mark the discovery of Raman Effect by C V Raman on 28th February 1928.

Important Days in March

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	March 02	Red Cross America Day	This day is a motivational and awareness day, calling all children and youth in every community across the United States to celebrate reading.
2.	March 03	World Wildlife day	To raise awareness of world’s wild fauna and flora.
3.	March 04	National Security Day	To praise the work of security forces who plays a major role in the security of people of the nation.
4.	March 08	International Women’s Day	To celebrate social, economic, cultural and political achievements of women.
5.	March 15	World Consumer Rights Day	To promote the basic rights of all consumers and to demand that those rights are protected.
6.	March 18	World Sleep Day	To celebrate the benefits of good and healthy sleep.
7.	March 19	Earth Hour	To create awareness for global warming with a simple message to switch off non -essential lights for one hour.
8.	March 20	International Day of Happiness	To recognize the importance of happiness in the lives of people around the world.
World Sparrow Day	To create awareness of house sparrows and other birds to the rapidly changing environment and, of threats to their population.
9.	March 21	International day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination	It aims to remind people the negative consequences of racial discrimination.
World Poetry Day	To promote reading, writing, publishing and teaching poetry throughout the world.
International Day of Forests	To raise awareness of the forests and trees across the world.
10.	March 22	World Water Day	To create awareness about the importance of water and conservation of water for future generation.
11.	March 23	World Meteorological Day	To commemorate the establishment of the World Meteorological Organization to keep the constant watch on the weather and climate for better life and future.
Martyrs Day	On this day, Indians pay homage to three martyrs who sacrificed their lives for the country-Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and Shivaram Rajguru.
12.	March 24	World Tuberculosis Day	To create awareness about Tuberculosis and efforts to eliminate the disease.
13.	March 25	International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade	To honour and remember those who suffered and died at the hands of the brutal slavery system.
14.	March 27	World Theatre Day	The day allows people to celebrate performing arts.

Important Days in April

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	April 02	World Autism Awareness Day	To raise awareness about children with autism throughout the world.
2.	April 04	International Day of Mine Awareness	To raise awareness about landmines and work towards their eradication.
3.	April 05	National Maritime Day	To commemorate the maiden voyage of the first Indian vessel S S Loyalty of the Scindia Steam Navigation Company from Mumbai to the UK.
4.	April 06	International Day of Sport for Development and Peace	To commemorates the inauguration of the first Olympic games of the modern era, in Athens (Greece) in 1896 and recognize the power of sport in promoting peace and erasing cultural barriers worldwide.
5.	April 07	World Health Day	To mark World Health Organization’s founding and to draw the mass people attention towards the importance of global health.
6.	April 17	World Haemophilia Day	To create awareness for Haemophilia and other bleeding disorders and to raise funds and attract volunteers for the World Federation of Haemophilia.
7.	April 18	World Heritage Day	To raise awareness about the diversities and vulnerability of world’s built monuments and heritage sites and the efforts required to protect and conserve them.
8.	April 21	Civil Service Day	It is observed by all civil services people to re-dedicate and re-commit themselves to the cause of the people.
9.	April 22	World Earth Day	To increase the awareness among people about environment safety as well as to demonstrate the environmental protection measures.
10.	April 23	World Book and Copyright Day (World Books Day	To pay a worldwide tribute to books and authors and to encourage people to discover the pleasure of reading.
English Language Day	To mark the birth and death anniversary of William Shakespeare and inform people about the history, culture and achievements associated with the language.
11.	April 24	World Animal Day	To mark the birth anniversary of National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS) president Hugh Dowding and raise awareness about the cruel animal tests.
National Panchayati Raj Diwas	To mark the passing of the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 that came into force with effect from 24 April 1993.
12.	April 25	World Malaria Day	To promote or learn about the efforts made to prevent and reduce Malaria around the world.
13.	April 26	World Intellectual Property Day	To raise awareness of how patents, copyright, trademarks and designs impact on daily life and the contribution made by creators and innovators to the development of societies across the globe.
14.	April 28	World Day for Safety and Health at Work	To focus on the critical need for countries to improve their capacity to collect and utilize reliable occupational safety and health (OSH) data.
15.	April 29	International Dance Day	To attract the attention of the wider public to the art of dance.

Important Days in May

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	May 01	International Labour day	To celebrate achievements of workers in achieving economic and social rights all over the world.
2.	May 03(First Tuesday in May)	World Press Freedom Day	To inform the international community that freedom of the press and freedom of expression are fundamental human rights
World Asthma Day	To improve Asthma awareness and care around the world.
3.	Second Sunday in May	Mother’s Day	To show appreciation towards mothers and mother figures worldwide.
4.	May 04	Coal Miners Day	To commemorate the spirit of our founding residents and to highlight all the great amenities our community has to offer.
5.	May 08	World Red Cross Day	To commemorate the birth anniversary of the founder of the Red Cross, Mr. Jean Henry Dunant.
6.	May 11	National Technology Day	To commemorate the history of India’s technological innovations and excellence.
7.	May 12	World Hypertension Day	To promote public awareness of hypertension and to encourage citizens of all countries to prevent and control this silent killer.
International Nurses Day	To mark contributions nurses make to society and the birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale.
8.	May 15	International Day of the Family	To celebrate the importance of families, people, society and culture around the world.
9.	May 17	World Telecommunication Day	To raise awareness of the possibilities that the use of the Internet and other information and communication technologies (ICT) can bring to societies and economies.
10.	May 21	Anti-terrorism Day	To commemorate the death anniversary of former Prime Minister of India- Shri. Rajiv Gandhi.
11.	May 22	International Day of Biological Diversity	To increase understanding and awareness of biodiversity issues.
12.	May 31	World No Tobacco Day	The objective of the day is to urge tobacco users worldwide to abstain from using tobacco products for 24 hours and to aware the people about harmful effects of tobacco consumption.

Important Days in June

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	June 04	International Day of innocent children	To acknowledge the pain suffered by children throughout the world who are the victims of physical, mental and emotional abuse.
2.	June 05	World Environment Day	For encouraging worldwide awareness and action for the protection of our environment.
3.	June 07	World Level Crossing Awareness Day	Aimed at making the road users and pedestrians aware of the dangers at and around the level crossings
4.	June 08	World Oceans Day	To remind peoples the role of oceans in our life and educate the public of the impact of human actions on the ocean.
5.	June 12	World Day against Child Labour	To highlight the global extent of child labour and raise awareness on the situation of millions of children, girls and boys, working across the globe.
6.	June 14	World Blood Donor Day	To raise awareness of the need for safe blood and blood products, and to thank blood donors for their voluntary, life-saving gifts of blood.
7.	June 15	World Elder Abuse Awareness Day	To focus global attention on the problem of physical, emotional, and financial abuse of elders.
8.	June 17	World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought	To highlight ways to prevent desertification and recover from the drought.
9.	June 20	World Refugee Day	To honour millions of refugees worldwide, who have been forced to flee their homes due to war, conflict and persecution.
10.	June 21	International Yoga Day	To encourage the practice of Yoga & Meditation, creating awareness about Yoga and its benefits in daily life.
World Music Day	To promote music and to celebrate the spirit of music in all its forms.
11.	June 23	International Olympics Day	To promote participation of people in sports all across the world, irrespective of athletic, gender or age ability.
United Nations Public Service Day	To celebrate the value and virtue of public service to the community, and to recognize the work of public servants, and encourage young people to pursue careers in the public sector.
International Widow’s Day	To address the poverty and injustice faced by millions of widows and their dependents in many countries.
12.	June 26	International day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking	To raise awareness of the major problem that illicit drugs represent to society and to the need for action and cooperation in order to achieve a drug-free world.
13.	June 29	National Statistics Day	To mark the birth anniversary of eminent statistician P C Mahalanobis and to create public awareness among people about the importance of statistics in daily life.

Important Days in July

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	July 01	National Doctor’s Day	To honour the legendary physician and the second Chief Minister of West Bengal, Dr. B C Roy and to lay emphasis on the value of doctors in our lives.
2.	July 06	World Zoonoses Day	To emphasize and bring awareness amongst people, and teach them to take the right action against the disease.
3.	July 11	World Population Day	To raise awareness of people on various population issues such as the importance of family planning, gender equality, poverty, maternal health and human rights.
4.	July 12	Malala Day	To raise awareness and to help girls to get their right to education. Malala Yousafzai is a global symbol of every girl’s right to education.
5.	July 15	World Youth Skills Day	To raise awareness on the role of youth to improve the world through the power of skills.
6.	July 18	Nelson Mandela International Day	To remember Mandela’s achievements in working towards conflict resolution, democracy, human rights, peace, and reconciliation.
7.	July 26	Kargil Vijay Divas	To honour Kargil war heroes, who laid down their lives fighting infiltrators from Pakistan who had occupied Indian positions on the Line of Control (LOC) in Kargil and Dras sectors, Ladakh.
8.	July 28	World Hepatitis Day	To raise global awareness of hepatitis and encourage prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
World Nature Conservation Day	To increase the awareness about the resources and to protect the natural resources of the earth.
9.	July 29	International Tiger Day	To promote a global system for protecting the natural habitats of tigers and to raise public awareness and support for tiger conservation issues.

Important Days in August

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	First Sunday in August	International Friendship Day	To promote the role that friendship plays in promoting peace in many cultures.
2.	August 06	Hiroshima Day	To console the victims of the atomic bombs dropped on the city of Hiroshima and to pray for the realization of lasting world peace.
3.	August 07	National Handloom Day	To highlight the contribution of handloom to the socioeconomic development of the country and promote handlooms to increase the income of weavers and also enhance their pride.
4.	August 08	World Senior Citizen’s Day	To recognize the contributions of older persons and to raise awareness about the issues that affect their lives such as senescence and elder abuse.
5.	August 09	Quit India Movement	To mark the anniversary of Quit India Movement which was initiated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942.
Nagasaki Day	To celebrate the spirit of survivors and those who have dedicated themselves to ensuring that such events are never repeated and that nuclear weapons are never used again.
International Day of World’s Indigenous people	To promote and protect the rights of the world’s indigenous population.
6.	August 10	World Bio- fuel Day	To commemorate the anniversary of the successful working of a diesel engine, run on peanut oil, by German innovator Rudolf Diesel in 1893 and to create awareness about non- fossil fuels (Green Fuels).
7.	August 11	National Daughter’s Day	To celebrate love and affection towards the girl child and women’s contribution to the family.
8.	August 12	International Youth Day	To draw public awareness to problems surrounding youth, their issues and promote ways to engage them in becoming more actively involved in positive contributions to the globe.
9.	August 13	Organ Donation Day	To motivate normal human beings to pledge to donate organs after death and to spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.
10.	August 14	Pakistan’s Independence Day	To celebrate independence from British rule in 1947 and to promote patriotism and national unity.
11.	August 15	Indian Independence Day	To commemorate the nation’s independence from British Empire on 15th August 1947 and to promote patriotism.
12.	August 19	World Photography Day	To celebrate the passion for photography and to inspire photographers across the planet to share a single photo with a simple purpose: to share their world with the world.
World Humanitarian Day	To honour all humanitarians who have worked in the promotion of the humanitarian cause, and those who have lost their lives in the cause of duty.
13.	August 23	International Day for the Remembrance of Slave trade & its Abolition	To remind people of the tragedy of the transatlantic slave trade and to pay tribute to all those who fought for freedom.
14.	August 29	National Sports Day	To mark the birth anniversary of the hockey player, Dhyan Chand, who won gold medals in Olympics for India in the years 1928,1932 and 1936.

Important Days in September

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	September 05	National Teacher’s Day	To commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and to give tribute to the contributions made by the teachers to the society.
International day of charity	To mark the death anniversary of Mother Teresa and to promote charitable efforts made to alleviate poverty across the world.
2.	September 08	International Day of Literacy	To highlight the importance of literacy to individuals, communities and societies.
3.	September 14	World First Aid Day	To raise public awareness of how first aid can save lives in everyday crisis situations.
Hindi Diwas	To uphold the importance of Hindi as the national language of India which was adopted as the official language of Constituent Assembly on 14th September 1949.
4.	September 15	Engineer’s Day	To commemorate the birthday of the legendary engineer Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya.
5.	September 16	World Ozone day	To mark the day of the signing of Montreal Protocol and to spread awareness of the depletion of the Ozone Layer and search for solutions to preserve it.
6.	September 21	World Alzheimer’s Day	To raise awareness about the Alzheimer’s and dementia disease and identify the challenges and hardships of the disease.
World Peace Day	To strengthen the ideals of peace, both within and among all nations and peoples and to recognize the efforts of those who have worked hard to end the conflict.
7.	September 25	World Rivers Day	To highlight the many values of rivers and to increase public awareness and hopefully encourage the improved stewardship of rivers around the world.
World Pharmacists Day	To organize activities that promote and advocate for the role of the pharmacist in improving health in every corner of the world.
8.	September 26	World Environment Health Day	To increase knowledge about environmental health among people and create health supportive environment.
International day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons	To highlight the need of total elimination of nuclear weapons.
9.	September 27	World Tourism Day	To raise awareness among the international community of the importance of tourism and its social, cultural, political and economic value.
10.	September 29	World Heart Day	To inform people around the world and spread awareness about heart disease and stroke prevention.
World Maritime Day	To focus on the importance of shipping safety, maritime security and the marine environment.
11.	September 30	International Translation Day	To show the solidarity of the worldwide translation community in an effort to promote the translation profession in different countries.

Important Days in October

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	October 01	International day of the Older Persons	To highlight the important contributions that older people make to society and raise awareness of the issues and challenges of ageing in today’s world.
2.	October 02	International day of Non-violence	To mark the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi and to disseminate the message of non-violence, including through education and public awareness.
3.	October 03	World Habitat Day	To raise awareness about the need for well -designed and managed public spaces and streets.
4.	October 04	World Animal Welfare Day	To raise the status of animals in order to improve welfare standards around the globe and make the world a better place for all animals.
5.	October 05	World Teacher’s Day	To mobilize support for teachers and to ensure that the needs of future generations will continue to be met by teachers.
6.	October 08	Indian Air Force Day	To increase awareness about Indian Airforce, to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during a conflict.
7.	October 09	World Post Office Day	To mark the anniversary of the establishment of Universal Postal Union in 1874 in Bern, Switzerland.
8.	October 10	World day against the Death Penalty	To raise awareness around the application of the death penalty for terrorism-related offenses and to reduce its use.
9.	October 11	International Day of the Girl Child	To raise public awareness about gender inequality and support more opportunity for girls.
10.	October 12	World Arthritis Day	To raise awareness about the early diagnosis of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.
11.	October 13	World Sight Day	To focus global attention and raise public awareness about blindness and vision impairment.
International day for Disaster Reduction	To promote a global culture of risk awareness and disaster reduction.
12.	October 14	World Standards Day	To raise awareness among regulators, industry and consumers as to the importance of standardization to the global economy.
13.	October 15	International Day of Rural Women	To recognize rural women’s importance in enhancing agricultural and rural development worldwide.
14.	October 16	World Food Day	To spread awareness and encourage all nations to fight against hunger, malnutrition and poverty and to draw attention to agricultural development.
15.	October 17	International Day for the Eradication of Poverty	To promote awareness for the need to eradicate poverty and destitution in all countries particularly in developing countries.
16.	October 20	World Statistics Day	To recognize the achievements of global statistics system both at national and international level.
World Osteoporosis Day	To raise global awareness of the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease.
17.	October 21	Global Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention Day	To generate awareness about the adequate use of iodine and to highlight the consequences of iodine deficiency.
18.	October 24	World Development Information Day	To draw the attention of worldwide public opinion towards development problems and the need to strengthen international cooperation to solve them.
United Nations Day	To mark the anniversary of Charter of United Nations and to create awareness among people about the aims and achievements of the United Nations Organization.
World Polio Day	To commemorate the birthday of Jonas Silk, the man who developed the first vaccine for the disease and to raise awareness about the infectious disease and its eradication.
19.	October 28	International Animation Day	To commemorate the first public performance of Charles-Emile Reynaud’s Theatre Optique and to celebrate the art of animation.
20.	October 29	International Internet Day	To remember the event of the sending of the first electronic message which was transferred from one computer to another in 1969.
21.	October 31	National Unity Day	To commemorate the birth anniversary of Independent India’s first Deputy Prime Minister Sardar Vallabhai Patel.
World Thrift Day	The day marks the importance of savings, for the unexpected events when we use this protected net to come out of the tough times. To promote the benefits of savings among people at large.

Important Days in November

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	November 05	World Tsunami Day	To spread the awareness in matters related to the dangers of the tsunami and share innovative approaches to risk reduction.
World Radiography Day	To mark the anniversary of the discovery of x-radiation by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895.
2.	November 06	International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict	To educate people about the damaging effects of war and armed conflicts.
3.	November 08	International day of Radiology	To mark the importance of radiology in detection and diagnosis of severe diseases like cancer.
4.	November 09	Legal Services Day	To offer the free of charge, proficient and legal services to the people of weaker sections of society may be women, children, SC/ST, disabled persons.
5.	November 10	World Science Day for Peace and Development	To mark the importance of science for the benefit of the society and to draw attention to the challenges faced by science and raising support for the scientific endeavour.
6.	November 12	World Pneumonia Day	To raise awareness of pneumonia, promote prevention and treatment, and generate action to fight the illness.
Public Service Broadcasting Day	To commemorate the Mahatma Gandhi’s maiden visit to All India Radio (AIR) station in Delhi for the first and last time.
7.	November 13	World Kindness Day	To encourage individuals to overlook boundaries, race and religion and encourage people to be kind to each other and spread happiness, joy and peace through kindness.
8.	November 14	Children’s Day	To mark the birth anniversary of India’s first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and to encourage the welfare of children all over the country.
World Diabetes Day	To raise awareness about diabetes and its prevention.
9.	November 16	International Day for Tolerance	To raise awareness about the dangers of intolerance and to educate people about the need of tolerance.
National Press Day	To mark the day on which the Press Council of India started functioning.
10.	November 17	National Epilepsy Day	To increase public awareness of epilepsy as a universal and treatable brain disorder.
National Journalism Day	To celebrate the freedom of speech, thoughts and virtues as well as the role of media in shaping our society.
World Philosophy Day	To encourage people around the world to share their philosophical heritage and to open their minds to new ideas.
11.	November 19	National Integration Day	To mark the birth anniversary of India’s first woman Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and to enhance love and unity among people all across the country.
12.	November 20	Africa Industrialization Day	To examine ways to stimulate Africa’s Industrialization process and to draw attention to the problems and challenges of industrialization in Africa.
13.	November 21(Third Sunday in November)	World Television Day	To recognize the major role of television in presenting different issues that affect people.
World Day of Remembrance of Road Traffic Victims	To remember those who died or were injured from road crashes.
14.	November 25	International Day for the Elimination of Violation Against Women	To raise awareness of the fact that women around the world are subject to rape, domestic violence and other forms of violence.
15.	November 26	Constitution Day (Samvidhan Diwas)	To commemorate the adoption of Constitution and to spread thoughts and ideas of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
16.	November 29	International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People	To mark the day of adoption of resolution 181 on the partition of Palestine by the General Assembly.

Important Days in December

S.No.	Important dates	Important Days	Objective
1.	December 01	World AIDS Day	To raise awareness about AIDS spread by HIV infection and to commemorate people who have died.
2.	December 02	World Computer Literacy Day	To increase awareness about the information technology and also bridge the effects of the digital divide.
International Day for the Abolition of Slavery	To eradicate contemporary forms of slavery, such as trafficking in persons, sexual exploitation, forced marriage, and the forced recruitment of children for use in armed conflict.
3.	December 03	International Day for the Person with Disabilities	To enable government and organizations to implement measures to improve the life of disabled persons all over the world.
4.	December 04	Indian Navy Day	To celebrate the magnificence, achievements and role of the naval force to the country.
5.	December 05	International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development	To show volunteer contributions at the international, national and local levels in order to get the Millennium Development Goals.
World Soil Day	To raise awareness about the dangers of soil loss and importance of soil as a critical component of the natural system.
6.	December 07	Indian Armed Forces Flag Day	To collect funds from people of India for the welfare of the Indian Armed Forces personnel.
International Civil Aviation Day	To generate and reinforce global awareness of the importance of international civil aviation in the social and economic development.
7.	December 09	International Anti-Corruption Day	To engage the general public to effectively fight against corruption and fraud in communities.
8.	December 10	Human Rights Day	To improve physical, socio, cultural and spiritual well-being and welfare of the vulnerable group of people globally.
9.	December 14	World Energy Conservation Day	To highlight the importance of energy consumption and its use in our day-to-day life.
10.	December 16	Vijay Diwas	To mark the anniversary of the win of Indian Army in the Indo-Pak war on 16th December 1971.
11.	December 18	International Migrants Day	To recognize the efforts, contributions, and rights of migrants worldwide.
Minorities Rights Day	To protect the rights of minorities communities as well as bringing better understanding among religious communities in India.
12.	December 22	National Mathematics Day	To mark the birth anniversary of great Indian Mathematician Srinivas Ramanujan.
13.	December 23	Farmer’s Day	To promote awareness to help and reward farmers for their contribution to society.
14.	December 25	Good Governance Day	To mark the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and to foster among the Indian people the accountability in government.
Christmas Day	To mark the birth anniversary of Jesus Christ.

Importent dates of year

paavai institution.

Paavai Engineering faculty (PEC) was established in 2001 at Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India. it’s attached to Pakistani monetary unit University and a part of the Paavai establishments in conjunction with Paavai faculty of Engineering, Paavai faculty of Technology.

The chairman of paavai establishment is CA Sagebrush State Natarajan and also the principal is Dr.M.Premkumar.

There area unit 10 collegian departments, granting BE in technology, Computers Science Engineering, physics & Communication Engineering, Electrical & physics Engineering, technology, info Technology, Mechatronics Engineering, Agriculture Engineering, physical science Engineering, Chemical engineering.

Postgraduate courses, granting ME area unit instructed in engineering science, Engineering style, Power physics & Drivers and VLSI style.[2] PEC additionally grants degrees for Master Of pc Application and Master Of Business Administration.

These departments area unit conducting national level technical conference each year , specifically Techfinix .

2008-Dr. C. Subramaniam, vice-chancellor, was the chief guest.,

2009- fourth graduation day ceremony was command in March. VIT UniversityChancellor G. Viswanathan was chief guest.

2010-M.Thangaraju, Periyar University Vice-Chancellor, was the chief guest.

2011-SRM institute of science and technology Chancellor and founding father of Indiya Jananayaka Katchi (IJK) T.R. Pachamuthu was the chief guest.

Paavai Engineering faculty is that the “Champion of Champions” at The Pakistani monetary unit University Sports Board competitions http://paavai.edu.in/campus-life/sports-games/

Paavai establishments within which firms together with MPhasis, Hurix Systems, HCL, SPI Technologies and KGISL.

PAAVAI ENGINEERING faculty ACHIEVED “BEST office RECORD : ALL INDIA”

B VENKATESAN HOD/IT HAS BEEN presented WITH “TOP fifty administrators OR COORDINATORS OF IQAC ACROSS INDIA”

B Venkatesan, HoD/IT appreciated from AICTE Chairman for serving to Paavai Engineering faculty secure associate degree All Bharat Rank 1out of 2830 schools collaborating in office Day 2019.

EST NSS PROGRAMME OFFICER AWARDS (2018-19) AT Pakistani monetary unit UNIVERSITY LEVEL :
National Service theme (NSS) Pakistani monetary unit University, urban center appreciates all the attached engineering schools in state for his or her NSS activities and offers the award per annum. The NSS award perform for the year 2018-19 was conducted .

*Paavai ladies polytechnic institute
*Paavai polytechnic institute faculty
*Paavai Engineering faculty
*Paavai faculty of Engineering
*Pavai faculty of Technology
*Pavai Varam polytechnic institute faculty
*Pavai Arts & Science faculty for girls
*Paavai Teacher coaching Institute
*Paavai Vidhyashram CBSE international college
*Paavai admission Higher school

LinkedInprofile:

https://www.linkedin.com/company/paavai-institutions

Paavai establishments,Paavai Nagar,NH-44, Pachal,
Namakkal – 637018.

Official Mail : info@paavai.edu.in
Admission’s Mail : admissions@paavai.edu.in
HRM Mail : careers@paavai.edu.in

HRM web site : careers.paavai.edu.in

Phone : +91 4286 243038 / +91 4286 243058

Why should you learn to code in 2021?

We all are aware of the fact of how we are dependent on technology. Being technological illiterate is just something you do not want to be in this era. And the current trend for being literate about technology is to start “coding”. So why “coding” is so important in today’s world? Read on to find out why.

Top 5 reasons why everyone should learn coding

Gets a basics understanding of how technology works around us

The foremost and most important reason to learn to code is that it presents us with an aspect of how technology works. In today’s digital-oriented world, it is quite intriguing to find out how technology works. Besides, you will also be fluent in technology. You will become more aware of the technology.

Coding improves math and problem-solving skills

Mathematics is the building block of coding. So, when you learn to code it will be like an exercise for your brain. Coding involves computational thinking meaning breaking down complex things into simpler ones. Coding also sharpens your problem-solving skills.

Sharper future

Learning things never go in vain. Coding can open up the world with variable opportunities. Having technical knowledge can help you start your dream start-up. Coding may also lead you to a software development job at top mnc’s including Google, Facebook, Apple.

Whether you want to uncover the secrets of the universe, or you just want to pursue a career in the 21st century, basic computer programming is an essential skill to learn
Stephen Hawking

Higher pay grade

An average software developer earns more than around 100,000$ per year in the USA. That is a hefty amount of money you could make in software development. You can also work as a freelancer without the bondage of working under someone. Coding is one of the most valued skills currently in the market

Anyone can do it

Coding can be learnt even from the comfort of your home. It is something that does not require much study material to start. There are thousands of websites that provide to teach you for free. It can be learnt flexibly at your pace.

Race and class in Harper Lee’s ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’

‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ is a Southern gothic bestseller written by Harper Lee. The novel is narrated by Scout Finch, a six-year-old white girl who learns about life, people and the injustices prevalent in her society. Through her, Lee cleverly portrays issues such as gender, race and class discrimination in the fictional setting of Maycomb county, Alabama. Readers have speculated that the character of Scout was based on Lee’s own childhood experiences, wherein she combines the nostalgic elements with the political situation that she witnessed around her in America. Scout’s innocence and her defiance against the social hierarchies in Maycomb cuts a deeper meaning into the futility of these societal constructs.

Race is one of the issues that is evidently portrayed in the novel. Scout’s father Atticus Finch is a lawyer who defends the less privileged. He strives hard to stand by his moral compass and wishes to set an example for his children through his actions. One of the major events in the novel takes place when Atticus chooses to defend Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping a white woman. The racist residents of Maycomb, as well as his family members are horrified and attempt hard to dissuade him. So much so, that even Scout and her brother Jem are subjected to verbal abuse by other children for his actions. During the trial, Atticus provides clear evidence to prove Tom’s innocence. Despite the impressive evidences, the extremely racist jury sentences him to jail where he later attempts to escape, but is shot and killed. We see that even the law is corrupted when it comes to rendering justice to innocent African Americans. Tom Robinson’s trial scene is monumental in proving the racial discrimination in America.

Calpurnia, the Finch family’s black maid plays a significant role in Scout’s life. Unlike most southern black characters, she is well- educated and is highly respected within the Finch family. Having lost her mother at a young age, Scout regards Calpurnia as a mother-like figure. One of the important moments in the novel is when Calpurnia takes Jem and Scout to the Black Church. Here, the children witness a different side of characteristics in Calpurnia as she interacts with the rest of her community. W. E. B. Du Bois refers to this as “double consciousness”; a phenomenon wherein a person exhibits two different personalities with the blacks and the whites. This can be seen as a defence mechanism to gain acceptance in a white supremist society due to their own internalised racism. Furthermore, despite being a novel that is concerned with issues like racism, it only portrays a subjective version of it. The black community are not given a voice of their own against this prejudice, which marginalises them within the text. If they are given a voice, it is usually to show gratitude to the good white people instead of raising their anger and frustration against the racial injustices in Maycomb.

Social class prejudice is an important element highlighted in ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’. This can be understood clearly when Jem imagines ‘folks’ as being divided into four different kinds. “Our kind of folks don’t like the Cunninghams, the Cunninghams don’t like the Ewells, and the Ewells hate and despise the coloured folks.” (Lee, 249) Through Jem, Lee clearly explains the class hierarchical structure of Maycomb. It is a prejudice engrained in Maycomb which even dictates the relationship between children at school. But the novel also explains that the class system can eventually be dismantled. Initially, when Scout treats Walter Cunningham Jr differently, Calpurnia teaches her otherwise and makes her realise that a person’s financial background has nothing to do with their personality. When Cunningham Sr. arrives with a mob to lynch Tom Robinson, Scout’s innocence humbles him, saving Tom’s life briefly. Scout thus is able to achieve a small proportion of justice by disregarding the class system. Her reply “I think there’s just one kind of folks. Folks.” (Lee, 250) is an innocent yet powerful statement against the prevailing class structure in the society.

“You never really understand a person until you consider things from their point of view…”
Harper Lee

Aside from race and class, the novel also deals with other important issues like gender, disability, and sexuality. As Scout belongs to a middle-class white family, the primary concern that she personally deals with is sexism. She is portrayed as a tomboy, who is forced to confirm to the conventional idea of a girl. Over the years, readers have come up with multiple theories from the book pertaining to current social issues which proves that even after sixty years, it is still contemporary. Atticus’s advice that “You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view . . .” is a principle that could serve as a solution for all types of prejudices. And as mentioned by John Green, the “combination of nostalgia and criticism makes Mockingbird both endearing and enduring.” To Kill a Mockingbird is revolutionary in the fact that it brilliantly portrays multiple serious themes through the eyes of an innocent child.

Reference Links:

World that lives inside : In consideration to Mental Health .

“There is hope, even when your brain tells you there isn’t.”
John Green

A great quote by a great person , yeah I also believe it but do you ? .

Who am I ? Am I gaining weight , what if people doesn’t like me ?

What will happen when I tell her I am depressed ?

How do I know I’m unwell ?

How do I react if my relatives finds out ? .

These are some questions that we asked ourselves in our daily life . 5Ws and 1H (Why , who , how , what , when, where ) . Aristotle used them as an element in order to distinguish vocabulary. And what we are doing. is we are using them to explain one’s personality ,distinguish them and then despise them .

That’s how it starts , THE MIND GAMEPLAY . We differentiate , we compare , we make fun of others , we got jealous , we take harsh decisions, we judge others and we ask ourselves that where I was wrong .

Then , we start to get depressed , cry , nervous – breakdown , anxiety and so on……. This cycle is more complicated than Ojo – mojo friendship . Just kidding …

Let’s get in the topic .

Yes , we are talking about mental health . Which most of us ignore more than advertisements on TV’s . Like I said doesn’t matter . But what matters the most is the ignorance of your own health .

In present scenario , mental health takes a major role world wide and our mother land India is not far behind .

As , the pandemic takes a harsh troll on people of all over the world . Others died due to the confined places , loneliness , family members death and anxiety attacks caused by lack of oxygen and also one of the important aspect of mental illness.

How we can check our metal health ? Are we mentally fit or not . Now , if you ask me I do have solution . And u want to know about one secret . It will only take 5 min. so now you don’t have to waste more time on search .

5 min. Mental Health Check :-

1. Have my muscles been streched ? 2. Have I been nice to myself and others?
3. Have I eaten regularly and healthy ?
4. Have I had good enough sleep ?
5. Am I hydrated enough ?
6. How am I feeling ?
And yes last but not the least be truthful to yourself .
And like this you get to know that you are mentally healthy or not .

Conclusion

Like physical health , mental health is equally important .
Small things can cause a lot of problems . So before things get out of your hands , grip it with a tight leash .

“You don’t have to control your thoughts. You just have to stop letting them control you.”

– Dan Millman

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Chokher Bali: Synopsis

Chokher Bali: An attempt to educate people about the needs of women.

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1. To Accrue the Benefits of Nutrients Foods from organic farms are loaded with nutrients such as vitamins, enzymes, minerals and other micro-nutrients compared to those from conventional farms. This is because organic farms are managed and nourished using sustainable practices.

2. Natural and Better Taste Those that have tasted organically farmed foods would attest to the fact that they have a natural and better taste. The natural and superior taste stems from the well balanced and nourished soil. Organic farmers always prioritize quality over quantity.

3. Principle of Ecological Balance Organic farming must be modeled on living ecological systems. Organic farming methods must fit the ecological balances and cycles in nature.

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5 min. Mental Health Check :-

Conclusion

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