AUGUST 8- THE QUIT INDIA DAY

Indian history plays a very crucial role in several developments and changes that have laid the foundation to the current scenario we are in today. We have several important dates in our calendar devoted to the biggest struggles our people fought to free our nation from the intruders. We all know about the Independence day, the republic day and certain other days when our freedom fighters were born or when they died fighting but out of these there are dates when our struggle to independence was initiated and one of them is the QUIT INDIA DAY.

The Quit India Movement is also known as the “August Movement” and the “Leave India Movement”. This movement was launched at the Bombay session of All-India Congress Committee led by Mahatma Gandhi on August 8,1942, during the World War II, which was done to end the British rule in India and was supported by Jawaharlal Nehru and many other leaders.

Recently, last year we have completed 78 years of this Quit India Movement on August 8, 2020.

WHY IS QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT IMPORTANT?

Well, before answering this question I would like you to just imagine yourself being locked in a room in your own house by some strangers who want to occupy your house and want you to do slavery for them. Somewhat relatable to what happened in the past to our country and to the people. Mahatma Gandhi gave the call for the public to join hands and end the British rule and thus he initiated this movement with the slogan “DO OR DIE“(karo ya maro) at the Gowalia Tank Maidan, which is now popularly known as the “AUGUST KRANTI MAIDAN”. It makes us very proud to turn back the pages of History and see that even though women have always been suppressed in our society yet they somehow managed to make their contribution towards the Independence of our country wherever they could find an opportunity. Aruna Asaf Ali popularly known as the “Grand Old Lady” of the Independence movement hoisted the Indian Flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai during this movement. The slogan “QUIT INDIA” was given by Yusuf Meherally who was a socialist, a trade unionist and also served as a Mayor of Mumbai. He also coined the slogan “SIMON GO BACK”.

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES FOR THIS MOVEMENT?

The immediate cause for this movement can be taken to be the British assumption of unconditional support from India to British in the World War II was not taken well by the Indian National Congress. Also the Anti- British sentiments and demand for full-Independence had gained popularity among the Indian masses.

WHAT WERE THE DEMANDS OF THE QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT?

The demand was very clear with the struggle every Indian faced back then. They wanted to end the British Rule in India and form a provisional government after the withdrawal of Britishers.

OUTCOMES OF THIS MOVEMENT

This movement was violently suppressed by the British Rulers- people were shot dead, lathi-charged, heavy fines were imposed on them and were forced to pay, villages were burnt around. While the Quit India Movement was crushed in 1944, with the British refusing to grant immediate Independence, they came to this important realization that India was ungovernable in the long run due to the cost of World War II. It changed the nature of political negotiations, paving way for Independence.

Lord Alfred Tennyson (1809-92) 

Tennyson was the most representative Victorian and was also the most popular poet of his age. He won the Chancellor’s prize at Cambridge in 1829 for a poem on Timbuctoo. In 1930 his Poems, Chiefly Lyrical was published. The publication of his two volumes of poetry under the title Poems in 1942 proved Tennyson’s worth. The collection consisted of poems like Locksley Hall, Break Break Break, Ulysses, and also a renewed version of The Lady of Shalott. In 1850 Tennyson’s In Memoriam raised his stature as a poet and won him a unique place in the world of Victorian poetry. Some of his memorable works include Maud and Other Poems, Idylls of the king, Enoch Arden, Ballads and Other Poems, The Lotos Eater, The Palace of Art, and Tithonus. 

The most striking feature of Tennyson’s poetry is his ability to create word pictures. His true merit lies in his genius as a craftsman. Metre, rhythm, and sound effects are all turned into the mood. He uses rhetorical devices such as assonance, onomatopoeia, and alliteration to intensify the sensuousness. In the Choric Song he uses long drawn-out vowel sounds like ‘soon’, ‘afternoon’, ‘swoon’, and ‘moon’.

Tennyson was drawn to legendary themes and nature, but from 1942 he seemed drawn towards social and political themes. In The Princess, he dealt with the higher education of women. Ulysses, the hero of his dramatic monologue Ulysses with his passion for exploring is often said to represent the Victorian thirst for knowledge and for going beyond boundaries known to man. Tennyson’s Locksley Hall is full of the free spirit of young England and its faith in science, commerce, and the progress of mankind.

Tennyson does not belong to the galaxy of the great, but when it comes to lyricism, artistry, and workmanship he is simply irreplaceable. Tennyson lacked originality and depth. He was content capturing feelings and aspirations of his time. His last poems contain harsher notes as if he had become disillusioned and discontent with the pleasant artifices that had graced his prime due to age.

Learning

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Mahabharat is one of the major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being Ramayana.

The story is the biggest war in the world, the god of all wars. Then what is it about?

 There are various lessons which were thought to us by this ancient epic. Mahabharata involves the story of the two brothers Dhritrastra sons and Pandu’s sons the rivalry between them which took turn after turn.

The few lessons which this epic taught us are: –

• Skills and ability to gain knowledge are not based on one’s birth.

Karna upbringing was made in the low caste/category class (which did not have the right to many things which include gaining knowledge) but in order to gain knowledge though which was his desire he challenged the norms of the society and gained knowledge and turned him out to be warrior.

• Proper knowledge and education require discipline.

There is no knowledge which you get over night you must be disciplined about it. Consistently practicing improving yourself in you desired field like Arjuna did when he was in Gurukul(school) he initially find it difficult to aim perfectly while continuously challenging himself.

• Follow the right.

Though Karna was a wise and educated person he was on the side of Duryodhana he was his friend, he did not oppose him in his bad discission which resulted in his involvement because he kept quite he too got involved in all the bad works he did.

• One should not take immediate action under pressure or circumstances.

The time when Bhisma(Shantanu and ganga son), because of his father happiness took the steps like not taking up on the throne which was a not good decision. So one should not take decision on current circumstances.

• One should stand for other.

When someone is in danger, we should stand for others right. When some is getting suppress under others power, we should stand for the needy one.

When Duryodhana ordered Dushashan to take off Draupadi clothes in the assembly the king (father of Duryodhan) should has stopped him.

• Nobody should harm other for their revenge.

Duryodhana always wanted to take revenge on the Pandavas on various situations. He did various bad things to get his revenge and one such was when he wanted to get revenge on why he was asked to take off his weapons in assembly of pandavas he took revenge by taking off The pandavas wife clothes in his father’s assembly.

• Karma comes back and takes away.

Whatever deed you did either good or bad comes back to you in return. Duryodhana always did bad deeds, so he was punished very intensely. There are various examples too.

We all should learn from this epic mythology it teaches us way more than just these few points. Once we will get more into this we will become or find a better version of ourselves we would we able to distinguish what is right and what is wrong So we will meet up in the next part of this.

INTRODUCTION

The option to cast an election has been an idea which has been joined as a key right of a person. In the prior periods this right was just vested in people of a specific class. In certain social orders, the option to cast a ballot was just vested with people and needed to confront a long battle before they were likewise permitted to cast a survey in open decisions or appointment of some other nature.

In India during the British guideline when self-administration was acquainted the right with vote was vested uniquely with individuals who had a place with a specific class and just with time and a long battle for opportunity was the idea of grown-up testimonial for example, the right vote was given to people similarly, proficient and ignorant similarly by the selection of the Indian constitution.

Notwithstanding, another measurement came into the political circle when an inquiry was mooted that whether there will be a right not to decide in favour of any of the applicants who were challenging the races and the decision stayed a mystery. This is the measurement that was investigated by the Supreme Court of India in the moment milestone judgment.

ADR and National Election Watch (NEW) have examined the quantity of votes got by NOTA in different decisions since 2013. The total report in English and the Executive Summary in Hindi and Kannada are connected herewith.

NOTA (None of the abovementioned) was presented in India through the Supreme Court’s judgment dated 27th September 2013 in WP (C) No. 161 of 2004, (People’s Union for Civil Liberties and another Vs. the Union of India and another). The SC guided the Election Commission to make essential arrangement in the voting form papers/EVMs and give a catch to ‘Nothing unless there are other options’ (NOTA) in EVMs so the citizens who go to the surveying stall and choose not to decide in favor of any of the competitors in the quarrel, can practice their right not to cast a ballot while keeping up their right to mystery. The arrangement of NOTA button was first executed in the State Assembly Elections of Chhattisgarh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh in 2013. ADR and National Election Watch (NEW) have dissected the quantity of votes got by NOTA in different decisions since 2013.

FACTS

PUCL, a social freedoms NGO, archived a writ offer under Article 32 of the Constitution, testing the consecrated authenticity of Rules 41(2) and (3), Section 33B of the Representation of People Act, and 49-O of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 communicating that these plans abuse the mystery of casting a vote which is vital for the free and sensible races and is needed to be kept up as per Section 128 of the Representation of the Peoples Act, 1951 and Rules 39 and 49-M of the Rules.

The sacrosanct authenticity of Rules 41(2), (3) and 49-O of the Rules of 1961, was condemned. The combined effect of these standards was that individuals who didn’t project a voting form in choices were recorded (by the overseeing official) as having not cast a voting form. The candidates battled this as an encroachment to one side to secret balloting, guaranteed by Articles 19(1) (a) and 21 of the Constitution.

In the above background, the applicants thus appealed to God for pronouncing Rules 41(2) and (3) and 49O of the Rules ultra vires and illegal and furthermore petitioned God for a course to the Election Commission of India, to give fundamental arrangement in the polling form papers just as in the electronic democratic machines for the assurance of the right of not to cast a ballot to stay quiet about the activity of such right under the current RP Act/the Rules or Article 324 of the Constitution.

Issues –

• The essential issue was that whether rule 41(2) and (3) and 49-O of the guidelines disregard the mystery of casting a ballot which is major to the free and reasonable decisions and is needed to be kept up according to Sec 128 of the Representations of the People Act1951 and rules 39 and 49-M of the standards.
• Whether a writ can be given for a situation managing a legal right of casting a ballot?
• Whether the choice set down in Kuldip Nayar in regards to right of a citizen should be returned to and whether the two decisions Association for majority rule changes’ and PUCL stands overruled?
• Whether the standards 41(2) (3) and 49 O of direct political decision rules1961 disregard the principal privileges of the citizen?

SUPREME COURT JUDGEMENT ON NOTA 2013

For the situation under investigation, the Supreme Court of India said, that they direct the Election Commission to give crucial game plan in the democratic structure papers/EVMs and another catch called “Nothing except if there are different alternatives” (NOTA) may be given in EVMs so the citizens, who go to the studying corner and decide not to rule for any of the up-and-comers in the battle, can rehearse their advantage not to project a voting form while keeping up their advantage of mystery. The Supreme Court additionally saw that it is fundamental that individuals of high good and moral qualities are picked as individuals’ agents for appropriate administration of the country, and furthermore be assigned for genuine organization of the country and accordingly, NOTA catch can urge ideological groups to designate a sound applicant.

Overview

NOTA has been depicted as the developing of India’s majority rules system. One sort of assessment is that the reason and benefit of NOTA have been crushed as the victor will be the competitor who gets the second-most elevated number of votes, regardless of whether NOTA gets the most noteworthy number of votes. Henceforth, “NOTA is a positive advance”, while “it doesn’t go far enough”. NOTA is considered a “misuse of vote”, “only restorative”, “an emblematic instrument to communicate hatred”, electors communicating their “upsetting with the current political framework” and potentially “a simple design”.

“A few groups contend that the execution of NOTA will drive up political decision costs. Be that as it may, a spoiled applicant who enjoys debasement and acts of neglect is a more noteworthy expense for the country. It is just the longing to proceed in influence and the insatiability for cash that take unmistakable quality over qualities.”