Day: July 29, 2021

Water is life. don’t waste it.

Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources.

With the growing uncertainities of global climate change and the long term impacts of management actions, the decision making will be even more difficult.

Earth’s Freshwater

Fresh water is an important natural resource necessary for the survival of all ecosystems. The use of water by humans for activities such as irrigation and industrial applications can have adverse impacts on down stream ecosystems.

Fresh water is any naturally occurring liquid/solid water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids.

Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include non-salty mineral rich waters such as chalybeate springs.

Fresh water may encompass frozen and meltwater in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, snowfields and icebergs, natural precipitations such as rainfall, snowfall, hail/sleet and graupel, and surface runoffs that form inland bodies of water such as wetland, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, as well as groundwater contained in a quires, subterranean rivers and lakes.

Water is critical to the survival of all living organisms. Many organisms can thrive on salt water, but the great majority of higher plants and most insects, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds need fresh water to survive.

Fresh water is not always potable water, that is, water safe to drink by humans. Much of the earth’s fresh water on the surface and groundwater is to a substantial degree unsuitable for human consumption without some treatment. Fresh water can easily become polluted by human activities or due to naturally occurring processes, such as erosion.

Fresh water is a renewable and variable, but finite natural resource. Fresh water can only be replenished through the process of the water cycle, in which water from seas, lakes, forests, land, rivers and reservoirs evaporates, forms clouds, and returns back inland as precipitation.

Locally, however, if more fresh water is consumed through human activities then is naturally restored, this may results in reduced fresh water availability or water scarcity from surface and underground sources and can cause serious damage to surrounding and associated environments.

Water pollution and subsequent eutrophication also reduces the availability of fresh water.

The History of Money

According to various individuals: Money is said to be the root of all evil. Yet it is money which controls the world. But what exactly is money? Money is a term that refers to two concepts: the abstract unit of account in terms of which the value of goods, services, and obligations can be compared; and anything that is widely established as a means of payment. Frequently the standard of value also serves as a medium of exchange, but that is not always the case. Nowadays we have digital currencies such as Bitcoin alongside our modern-day dollars and pounds. But how exactly did we reach to these currencies in the 21st century?

The Beginning: The Barter System

Barter is the exchange of resources or services for mutual advantage. Tribes in Mesopotamia were likely the starting point of the bartering system back in 6000 BC. Phoenicians (in the eastern Mediterranean; a part of modern-day Lebanon) saw the process, and they adopted it in their society. The barter system was frequently used by ancient people to get the food, weapons, and spices they needed. Because of salt’s great value, Roman soldiers bartered their services for the empire in exchange for it. In Colonial America, the colonists used bartering to get the goods and services they needed. Today, individuals, organizations, and governments still use, and often prefer, barter as a form of exchange of goods and services.

9000 – 6000 B.C.: Cattle and Grains

Cattle, which includes not only cows but also sheep, camels, and other livestock, are the first and oldest form of money. The livestock was also frequently bartered in exchange for various commodities. With the advent of agriculture also came the use of grains and other plant products as a standard form of barter in many cultures

1200 B.C.: Cowrie Shells

The first use of cowries, the shells of a mollusc available in the shallow waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, was in China. Historically, many societies have used cowries as money, and even as recently as the middle of this century, cowries have been used in some parts of Africa. The cowrie is the most widely and longest used currency in history.

1000 B.C.: First Metal Money

Bronze and Copper cowrie imitations were manufactured by China at the end of the Stone Age and are considered some of the earliest forms of metal coins. Metal tool money, such as knife and spade monies, was also first used in China. These early metal monies developed into primitive versions of round coins. These coins were made out of base metals, often containing holes so they could be put together like a chain.

500 B.C.: Coins

Outside China, the first coins developed out of lumps of silver. They soon took the familiar round form and were stamped with various Gods and emperors to mark their authenticity. These coins first appeared in Lydia (a part of present-day Turkey) but the techniques were quickly copied and further refined by the Greek, Persian and later the Roman empires. Unlike Chinese coins these new coins were made from precious metals such as silver, bronze, and gold, which had more inherent value.

118 B.C.: Leather Money

Leather money was used in China in the form of small pieces of white deerskin with colourful borders. This could be considered the first documented type of banknote.

806: Paper Currency

The first known paper banknotes appeared in China. China experienced over 500 years of early paper money, spanning from the ninth through the fifteenth century. Over this period, paper notes grew in production to the point that their value rapidly depreciated and inflation soared. Then beginning in 1455, the use of paper money in China disappeared for several hundred years. This was still many years before paper currency would reappear in Europe, and three centuries before it was considered common.

1816: The Gold Standard

Gold was officially made the standard of value in England in 1816. At this time, guidelines were made to allow for a non-inflationary production of standard banknotes which represented a certain amount of gold. Banknotes had been used in England and Europe for several hundred years before this time, but their worth had never been tied directly to gold. In the United States, the Gold Standard Act was officially enacted in 1900, which helped lead to the establishment of a central bank.

1930: End of the Gold Standard

The massive Depression of the 1930s, felt worldwide, marked the beginning of the end of the gold standard. In the United States, the gold standard was revised and the price of gold was devalued. This was the first step in ending the relationship altogether. The British and international gold standards soon ended as well, and the complexities of international monetary regulation began.

The Present:

Modern Day money is now longer restricted to simply coins or banknotes but has also advanced to the virtual world with new digital currencies outside the jurisdiction of governments such as cryptocurrency and various electronic wallets which are done through a portable electronic device, such as a smartphone, or a tablet now called mobile payment.

The evolution of money has truly seen various forms including physical ones such as livestock and coins made out of precious metals and has now even included virtual ones which now fit in the palm of your hand. Money makes the world round and its unknown what its new form will be.

Difference between click wrap, shrink wrap and browse wrap contracts

Introduction:

Have you ever wondered how you could have signed a deal with a corporation as large as Amazon while sitting in your recliner? Have you ever agreed to the terms and conditions of an app before using it? Have you clicked “I accept” without understanding what the contract entails? During this time, the pandemic has spurred innovation and the development of new business models. Everything is now available with a single click, whether you want to purchase meals from Zomato, electronics from Amazon, or groceries from Grofers. Have you ever been curious about how they sign contracts with you? Contract signing is also a click away these days.

What are e-contracts?

Contracts that went overseas and returned with new electronics and a fancy name are referred to as e-contracts. Electronic contracts are contracts that exist in a digital format and are in high demand these days. E-contracts are quite similar to normal contracts; the only difference is that they take place through an online digital means of communication. E-contracts have eliminated the need for middlemen, and merchants may now reach out to buyers directly. The computer programmes that link the vendor with an electronic agent, i.e. the app, and the buyer with an electronic agent are now the middlemen. Essentially, it provides a venue for the buyer and vendor to meet.

Are e-contracts binding and valid?

In India, the Indian Contract Act, 1872, Section 10 states that “All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void.” 

Also, Section 10(A) of The Information Technology Act 2000 states that “Where in a contract formation, the communication of proposals, the acceptance of proposals, the revocation of proposals and acceptances, as the case may be, are expressed in electronic form or by means of an electronic record, that such contract shall not be deemed to be unenforceable solely on the ground that such electronic form or means was used for that purpose.”

Electronic signatures are also considered as proof of signing under the Indian Evidence Act of 1882, and Digital Signature Certificates are created when a document is electronically signed, and this certificate is also legally valid and binding under the IT Act of 2000.

Contracts in India are governed by The Indian Contract Act, 1872, and electronic contracts must be legitimate within the law’s interpretation. The following are the fundamentals of electronic contracts:

  1. Offer,
  2. Acceptance,
  3. Lawful consideration,
  4. Lawful object,
  5. Competent parties to contract,
  6. Free consent,
  7. Certainty of terms.

E-contracts are favoured over time-consuming paper documents since they are less expensive and more efficient. Electronic contracts, on the other hand, are more efficient to utilize and have a lot faster response time than long paper works. In reality, e-signatures save a significant amount of time and work. As a result, even if they are digitally signed and executed, e-contracts are legally binding and enforceable. However, this is not the case with click-wrap contracts.

Types of e-contracts:

To mention a few, there are shrink-wrap contracts, click-wrap contracts, browse-wrap contracts, source-code escrow contracts, software development and licence agreements, and many more. The following are three distinct types of contracts:

1. Shrink wrap contracts:-

The name of this contract was inspired by the shrink wrap packaging of CD-ROMs, which were used to deliver software. The licence agreements for various software are known as shrink-wrap contracts. These contacts are the licencing agreements, boilerplate, or terms & conditions that come with the product. When a consumer utilises the goods, he has agreed to the terms of the contract. Shrink wrap is the plastic wrapping that is done on the product’s cover. IT businesses are the most likely to utilise shrink wrap. The most intriguing aspect of this contract is that acceptance may be revoked by returning the merchandise. Furthermore, these days, licencing agreements are not supplied with the product, but rather shown before installing the software.

2. Click wrap contracts:-

Have you ever seen the lengthy paragraphs with comprehensive terms and conditions for utilising an app or programme that no one reads? Those are the Click wrap contracts, to be sure. The party is only a click away from signing this contract, as the name implies. To accept the contract, they only need to click a button or check a box. Essentially, the user is compelled to sign the contract or else he would be unable to progress, and therefore they are not negotiable at all. There are certain legal problems that will be addressed later.

3. Browse wrap contract:-

Have you ever seen a sentence that says something like, “By continuing to use these services, you agree to the terms and conditions” or “By signing up, I agree to the terms of usage”?

Browse wrap contracts may be found at the bottom of the page, and acceptance is presumed if the client uses the application. These contracts are often seen on websites, as well as in various mobile apps and software programmes. They can also be accessed via a hyperlink.

Critical analysis:-

Click wrap contracts and shrink wrap contracts are unilateral and presented as fixed contracts, but browse wrap contracts are significantly different in that they do not compel the customer to accept the contract, but rather presume approval when browsing the website.

Contracts such as click wrap and browse wrap are commonly employed by websites that wish to force their customers to adhere to their terms and conditions. The only difference between the two is how they are mandated. While browse wrap does not need consent, click wrap requires customers to click the “I agree” button.

Contracts with customers can be entered into through browse wrap, click wrap, and shrink wrap. Because it was basic and included all of the necessary information, browse wrap is the earliest and typical form of agreement. Shrink wrap was only discovered in the software business, although in a different form.

The agreement is contained inside the packaging of the shrink wrap contract, and the consumer’s approval of the same is indicated by the opening of the package. The terms and conditions and privacy policy for browse wrap contracts are posted on the website and indicated with a link. By default, the customer has consented to this contract. And, in most cases, the phrase reads something like, “Your use of our site implies your acceptance of our Terms of Use and your commitment to be bound by them.” So, if you disagree with the terms and conditions, simply do not use the website.

A click wrap contract, on the other hand, has more criteria than a shrink wrap or browse wrap contract. The two main components that make a significant difference are that, first and foremost, click wrap contracts include a link, but they also include a notice that summarises all of the legal terms and conditions. Second, they request actionable consent via a pop-up window, such as a “I agree” button or a check box. If a website or app employs this contract, it implies that they demand the consumer’s affirmative consent before proceeding. The consumer can also reject the terms and conditions by clicking on a “Cancel” button.

Conclusion:

The Indian Contract Act, 1872 controls all contracts in India, whereas the Information Technology Act, 2000 governs all electronic transactions. The majority of electronic contracts are provided to customers in the form of click wrap and browse wrap. The term wrap is originated from shrink wrap contracts, in which the terms and conditions were shrunk and wrapped in the product packaging. However, click wrap and browse wrap are only employed in digital form. Shrink wrap may be utilized for both digital and physical applications.

Previously, the owner of a website could choose between click wrap and browse wrap, and both were regarded equally legally, such as privacy policies and terms and conditions, but things have changed.

Finally, I’d like to emphasise that while a browser wrap contract can be used for terms and conditions, legal documents such as privacy policies must be accompanied by a click wrap contract to ensure affirmative permission.

The blind cricketer

Lachma Shekhar Naik was born on 7 April 1986, in a nomadic Banjara Family in southern Karnataka, as the son of a farmer. He was born completely blind as his mother and other 15 members of his family suffered from visual impairment, Naik was seven when he injured his head after falling along the bank of the River he was taken to a health camp where the doctor released that the possibility of restoring sight his right eye, he was operated in Bangalore and was able to restore 60 % of his right eye vision.


He was sent to Shri Sharada Devi School for blind in Shimoga, he learned to play cricket while at school, he used to work in filed in summer holidays to save money for his cricket ambitions, his mother died when he was the age of 12, while he off from playing he used to work as sports coordinator for an NGO ‘Samarthanam’ which funds for the cricket Association for Blind people in India.
He was selected in Karnataka Team in 2000, he was called up to India national Blind Cricket Team in 2002, went to captain the team in 2010. He was the man of the match in the 2006 World cup, he also led the team to victory in the 2014 cricket world cup.
In 2017 he was honored by the country’s fourth highest Civilian honor Padma Shri by the Government of India.

Women empowerment

Women empowerment refers towomen to make them capable of deciding for themselves. Women have suffered a lot through the years at the hands of men. In earlier centuries, they were treated as almost non-existent. As if all the rights belonged to men even something as basic as voting. As the times evolved, women realized their power. There on began the revolution for women empowerment.

Essay on Women Empowerment

As women were not allowed to decision for them, women empowerment came in like a breath of fresh air. It made them aware of their rights and how they must make their own place in society rather than depending on a man. It recognized the fact that things cannot simply work in someone’s favor because of their gender. However, we still have a long way to go when we talk about the reasons why we need it.

Need for Women Empowerment

Almost every country, no matter how progressive has a history of ill-treating women. In other words, women from all over the world have been rebellious to reach the status they have today. While the western countries are still making progress, third world countries like India still lack behind in Women Empowerment.

In India, women empowerment is needed more than ever. India is amongst the countries which are not safe for women. There are various reasons for this. Firstly, women in India are in danger of honor killings. Their family thinks its right to take their lives if they bring shame to the reputation of their legacy.

How to Empower Women?

There are various ways in how one can empower women. The individuals and government must both come together to make it happen. Education for girls must be made compulsory so that women can become illiterate to make a life for themselves.

Women must be given equal opportunities in every field, irrespective of gender. Moreover, they must also be given equal pay. We can empower women by abolishing child marriage. Various programs must be held where they can be taught skills to fend for themselves in case they face financial.

Most importantly, the shame of divorce and abuse must be thrown out of the window. Many women stay in abusive relationships because of the fear of society. Parents must teach their daughters it is okay to come home divorced rather than in a coffin.

Printers:

Printer is an output device that prints text or images on paper or other media (like transparencies). By printing you create what is known as a ‘hard copy’. There are different kinds of printers, which vary in their speed and Print quality.

The two main types of printers are:

🔹️impact printers:
🌟 Line printer
🌟 Serial printer(Dot matrix printer)

🔹️Non-impact printers:
🌟 Thermal printer(fax)
🌟 Laser printer
🌟 Inkjet printer

Impact printers include all printers that print by striking an ink ribbon. Impact printers use a print head containing a number of metal pins which strike an inked ribbon placed between the Print head and the paper. Line printers, dot matrix printers are some of the Impact printers.

Characteristics of Impact printers:

🔸️In Impact printers, there is physical contact with the paper to produce an image.
🔸️Due to being robust and low cost, they are useful for bulk printing.
🔸️Impact printers are ideal for printing multiple copies (that is, carbon copies) because they can easily print through many layers of paper.
🔸️Due to its striking activity, Impact printers are very noisy.
🔸️Since they are mechanical in nature, they tend to be slow.
🔸️Impact printers do not support transparencies.

Non-impact printers are much quieter than Impact printers as their printing head do not strike the paper. Non-impact printers include laser printers, inkjet printers and thermal printers.

Characteristics of Non-impact printers:

🔸️Non Impact printers are faster than Impact printers because they have fewer moving parts.
🔸️They are quiet than Impact printers because there is no striking mechanism involved.
🔸️They possess the ability to change typefaces authentically.
🔸️These printers produce high-quality graphics.
🔸️These printers usually support the transparencies.
🔸️These printers cannot print multipart forms because no Impact is being made on the paper.

Line Printer:

Line printer are high-speed printers capable of printing an entire line at a time. A line printer can print 150 lines to 3000 lines per minute. The limitations of line printer are they can print only one front, they cannot print graphics, the print quality is low and they are noisy to operate. But it can print la,large volume of text data very fast compared to the other printers. It is also used to print on multipart stationaries to prepare copies of a document.

Dot Matrix Printer:

The most popular serial printer is a Dot matrix printer. It prints one line of 8 or 14 points at a time ,with print head moving across a line. They are similar to typewriters. They are normally slow. The printing speed is around 300 Characters per second. It uses multipart stationaries to prepare copies of a document.

Thermal Printer:

Thermal printers are printers that produce image by pushing electrically heated pins against special heat-sensitive paper. They are inexpensive and used widely in fax machines and calculator. Thermal printer paper tends to darken over time due to exposure to sunlight and heat. So the printed matters on the paper fade after a week or two. It also produces a poor quality print.

Laser printer:

Laser printers uses the laser beam and dry powered ink to produce a fine dot matrix pattern. It can change very good quality of graphics images. One of the chief characteristics of laser printers is their solution – how many dots per inch (dpi) that lay down. The avaliable resolution range from 300 fpi at the low end to around 1200 dpi at the high end.

Inkjet Printer:

Inkjet printers uses color cartridges which combine magneta, yellow and cyan inks to create color tones. A black cartridge is also used for crisp monochrome output. Inkjet printers work by spraying ionizing ink at a sheet of paper. Magnetized plates in the ink’s path direct the ink onto the paper in the described shapes.

Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was a great patriotic Indian, if not the greatest. He was a man of an unbelievably great personality. He certainly does not need anyone like me praising him. Furthermore, his efforts for Indian independence are unparalleled. Most noteworthy, there would have been a significant delay in independence without him. Consequently, the British because of his pressure left India in 1947. In this essay on Mahatma Gandhi, we will see his contribution and legacy.

Essay on Mahatma Gandhi

Contributions of Mahatma Gandhi

First of all, Mahatma Gandhi was a notable public figure. His role in social and political reform was instrumental. Above all, he rid the society of these social evils. Hence, many oppressed people felt great relief because of his efforts. Gandhi became a famous international figure because of these efforts. Furthermore, he became the topic of discussion in many international media outlets.

Mahatma Gandhi made significant contributions to environmental sustainability. Most noteworthy, he said that each person should consume according to his needs. The main question that he raised was “How much should a person consume?”. Gandhi certainly put forward this question.

Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi has influenced many international leaders around the world. His struggle certainly became an inspiration for leaders. Such leaders are Martin Luther King Jr., James Beve, and James Lawson. Furthermore, Gandhi influenced Nelson Mandela for his freedom struggle. Also, Lanza del Vasto came to India to live with Gandhi.

The United Nations has greatly honored Mahatma Gandhi. UN has made 2nd October as “the International Day of Nonviolence.” Furthermore, many countries observe 30th January as School Day of Nonviolence and Peace.

The awards given to Mahatma Gandhi are too many to discuss. Probably only a few nations remain which have not awarded Mahatma Gandhi.

In conclusion, Mahatma Gandhi was one of the greatest political icons ever. Most noteworthy, Indians revere by describing him as the “father of the nation”. His name will certainly remain immortal for all generations.

Save Trees

From childhood, we have heard that trees are our best friend but in practical life, we didn’t see anyone who treats trees as their friends. Although they are the most valuable life source on the earth. They benefit every life form in a direct or indirect way. And the earth is connected to them to maintain a natural balance. In this essay on save trees, we are discussing the reason why our friends need saving.

They nourish us and protect us in many ways. Also, they keep our  green and clean. So, it becomes our responsibility to repay them for the things they do for us by saving them. Besides, large trees are more beneficial than small ones because they capture more carbon, capture more water, combat the heat, filtergreenhousegases, gives shelter from heat and sunlight, etc. So, it can be said that we depend on them more rather than they on us.

essays on save trees

Advantages and Importance of Trees

As we have discussed the benefits of trees in short but here we are going to discuss them in detail.plants and trees fight the climatic changes that are destroying the earth. They also filter the air that we breathe and absorb all the harmful chemical gases and odors from the environment. Also, they take in the harmful carbon dioxide and gives out oxygen.

They are good for the diversity of flora and fauna. They give us food, shelter and many more things that we can’t count. Besides, they never demand anything from us and also prevent . Above all, they control and manage the effects .

7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD

A campaign launched by Swiss Foundation in the year 2000 to determine New 7 wonders of world, selecting them out of 200 existing monuments around the world. Bernard Weber, a Canadian-Swiss and the New 7 Wonders Foundation (N7W) based in Zurich, Switzerland organized a poll via free Web-based voting and small amounts of telephone voting too. Around 100 million votes were recorded on internet or text message, and people around the world agreed with that. The closing decision was declared in the year 2007, appreciated with cheers as well as received some taunts too. But after all this we finally got our 7 wonders i.e., Great wall of China, Chichen Itza, Petra, Machu Picchu, Christ the Redeemer, Colosseum and Taj Mahal.

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

Must be thinking, what is there to talk about a wall? Great is just a small word for this wall build in China. One of the tremendous projects which gave us the longest building ever constructed. It is claimed that The Great Wall of China is 5,500 miles (8850 kms) long in length. The project began in 7th century and continued for 2000 years. Thought the wall was constructed parallelly to prevent raid and incursion but the wall couldn’t succeed to provide the security.

CHICHEN ITZA

Chichen Itza is situated in Mexico on Yucatan Peninsula in Mayan city. Developed in the 9th and 10th centuries CE. The steps of pyramid EI Castillo (the castle) which is 24 meters above the plaza. The total 365 steps feature the numbers of days in a year. During the spring and autumn season the setting sun throws the shadow on the pyramid gives the illusion of snake moving smoothly.

PETRA

Petra, the ancient city is in remote valley settle in the middle of the sandstone mountains and cliffs. In addition, there is a water system constructed only for gardening and farming. City began to turn down when trade direction shifted, it was also hit by an earthquake in 363 CE and Petra was slowly abandoned.

MACHU PICCHU

It is in Peru near Cuzco. Machu Picchu was discovered in the year 1911 by Hiram Bingham. He believed that it is a shelter to “virgins of the sun” women who gives their lives to God, and helps in preprint ritual food, weaving the garment use for rituals etc. Nearly in the year 2000 a crane was use for ad fell and left the monument cracked.

CHRIST THE REDEEMER

Christ the redeemer 98 feet tall, excluding the base which is about 26 feet high, and it’s expanded arms spreads about 92 feet. It is counted in world’s largest art sculpture. Redeemer is build-up of reinforced concrete and approx. six million tiles are used to cover it. In the year 2014 during the storm Redeemer’s right thumb got damaged.

COLOSSEUM

Vespasian order to build the Colosseum in Rome by a feat of engineering. The amphitheatre measures 620 by 513 feet with the capability of holding 50000 people, who can watch variety of events. Over 5,00,000 people died in Colosseum. Some of the animal species became extinct.

TAJ MAHAL

Taj Mahal is considered as one of the iconic monuments in the history. It was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It took 20,000 workers and 22 years to construct this magnificent mahal. This mahal is made of white marble with floral pattern.

Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam

Dr.APJ ABDUL KALAM is a famous name in the whole world. He is counted among the greatest scientists of the 21st century. Even more, he becomes the 11th president of India and served his country. He was the most valued person of the country as his contribution as a scientist and as a president is beyond compare. Apart from that, his contribution to the ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) is remarkable. He headed many projects that contributed to the society also he was the one who helped in the development of Agni and Prithvi missiles. For his involvement in the Nuclear power in India, he was known as “Missile Man of India”. And due to his contribution to the country, the government awarded him with the highest civilian award.

Career and Contribution of APJ Abdul Kalam

APJ Abdul Kalam was born in Tamil Nadu. At that time the financial condition of his family was poor so from an early age he started supporting his family financially. But he never gave up education. Along with supporting his family he continued his studies and completed graduation. Above all, he was a member of the Pokhran nuclear test conducted in 1998.

There is a countless contribution of Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam to the country but he was most famous for his greatest contribution that is the development of missiles that goes by the name Agni and Prithvi.

Source: sivadigitalart

Presidency Period

The great missile man becomes the President of India in 2002. During his presidency period, the army and country achieved many milestones that contributed a lot to the nation. He served the nation with an open heart that’s why he was called ‘people’s president’. But at the end of his term period, he was not satisfied with his work that’s why he wanted to be the President a second time but later on forfeited his name.

Post-presidency Period

After leaving the presidential office at the end of his term Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam again turn to his old passion which is teaching students. He worked for many renowned and prestigious institute of India located across the country. Above all, according to his the youth of the country is very talented but need the opportunity to prove their worth that’s why he supported them in their every good deed.

The Modi Era

The smooth transition of governments witnessed by India on the basis of power of ballots has been a testimony to the real functioning of the entire nation. While our neighbours have had their struggles with political instability and various other issues, The Indian democracy has paved its way through to become a role model at the global front. In spite of numerous numbers of problems like poverty, illiteracy, malnourishment and infrastructural deficit India has still managed to ensure that political masters still remain committed to the right cause. The establishment of universal adult franchise has been one of the strongest bases for our democratic success. With the reduction of voting age from 21 to 18, Indian has further strengthened its democracy as it recognized the role of youth in nation building process. Irrespective of any stratified society, people of all colour, caste, creed, language religion, region make up in a single line to express their choice on the Election Day. This integral approach has been the strength of Indian democracy which helped to empower the nation. Indian democracy has managed to go from strength to strength. With the passing of 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts, the democratic decentralization percolated to the Indian grassroots. Panchayati Raj and Municipality Institutions have brought governance closer to the people. They have managed to empowered the people by giving an elected forum to bring about local level and grassroot level development. Democracy in the country brought new vibrancy through local governance to enable rapid social-economic progress in the Indian villages.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was elected in the year 2014. He is the 14th prime minister of India. Before becoming the Prime Minister of the country, Mr Modi was the chief minister of state of Gujarat from the year 2001 to 2014. Narendra Modi is one of the most popular prime ministers in India after Rajiv Gandhi and Indira Gandhi. He is known to make tough decisions to fight terrorism, poverty, corruption and other important problems that the country is going through. Mr. Modi won the second term as prime minister in 2019 with even more majority of votes than what was obtained in the year 2014. His government is the only government that has no strong opposition in the parliament since the years he has been appointed as a prime minister. His humbleness when he was initially a tea seller makes him a loved leader by the citizens of India.

Narendra Modi Biography, Success Story, Inspiration - MBA Rendezvous

He is one of the most known Prime Minister of country who rose to power after defeating the incumbent National Congress which was corruption-ridden. Being chief minister of Gujarat for more than 11 years, he is a seasonal politician and a very smart decision-maker. Narendra Modi is a member of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh which is an ideological arm of Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) Before making his career in politics, Mr Modi was a tea seller in the railway station in the state of Gujarat. His tenure includes certain tough decision making like demonetisation and goods and services tax. He took the decision to lockdown India to prevent the spread of the deadly coronavirus in the country is hailed by people all over the world. Mr. Modi has one of the highest followers on Twitter and Instagram among various global leaders of the world. Mr. Modi is also often criticized by people across the globe for his lack of interaction with the press and his right-wing ideological approach in his work. Irrespective of his ups and downs the Modi government has gained immense applauds, the popularity of Mr. Modi in India is as high as it was in the beginning of his tenure. 

In the span of his work as prime minister, Mr. Modi is credited to have introduced long-awaited reforms in the country which have been beneficial. However, with his four years still remaining in his second term, his government has been recognized as one of the best governments after Indian national congress. Some of his achievements-

  • Jan Dhan Yojana- Over 10 crore RuPay debit cards were issued and with life cover, pension. More than 15 crore bank accounts were opened.
  • The corporate sector adapts his reforms of “Swachh Bharat” mission with promise of sanitisation.
  • Cooking gas is now under direct-cash-benefit transfer scheme, with the potential saving over $5 billion annually in subsidies, plus the Diesel prices have de-regulated in the country. 
  • Foreign equity in rail infrastructure is allowed and is without any limit
  • Foreign equity cap in defence was raised up to 49 per cent; 74 per cent in case of any technology transfer.
  • Fast-tracking of the defence purchases: 36 Rafale fighters being bought, orders for many long-pending purchases placed.
  • Foreign equity cap in insurance and pension sectors were increased up-to 49 per cent.
  • Nod was for IPOs/FPOs by banks to raise the funds, as long as the government equity remains 52 per cent or over it.
  • Nod for real estate and infrastructure investment in trusts, with tax benefits was also done.
  • Cabinet nodded for Prime Minister’s 100 Smart Cities Project which was
  • $130 billion proposed spending on railways over five years on schemes including the high-speed trains.
  • Definitive steps forward in introducing the pan-India goods and services regime in the country was introduced.
  • Successful conclusion of two rounds of coal block auctions is more lined up which is beneficial.
  • Impasse in mining sector ended with passage of new bills for regulation and development in India.
  • The Successful conclusion of auctions for the telecom spectrum for mobile telephony and broadband in the country.
  • The Launch of ‘Make-in-India’, ‘Digital India’ and ‘Skill India’ initiatives  like this were with the focus on the defence and electronics, primarily to create jobs in the country to decrease the rate of unemployment.
  • The Mudra bank launched with Rs 20,000 crore corpus to extend loans of between Rs 10 Lakh rupees and Rs 50,000 to small entrepreneurs to help them establish their business and improve their income and moreover to make their businesses expand across the globe with this.
  • The Commencement of divestment programme in the public sector companies was bought forward.
  • Disbanding of the various ministerial groups for faster decision-making was beneficial.
  • Adoption of  the14th Finance Commission recommendation on far-reaching changes in sharing of revenues between the Center and the State government was brought forward under his government.
  • Single-window scheme for the various clearances to steel, coal and power projects was introduced by his government.
  • Price stabilisation fund set up for the agricultural -commodities to check inflation has helped the farmers.
  • The Warehouse Infrastructure Fund with Rs 5,000 crore corpus to increase the shelf-life of the farm produce (replace if it’s possible).
  • Clarity of tax treatment on income of foreign funds whose fund managers are located in the country, as also on transfer pricing for resident and non-resident tax payers which are there.
  • The Panel set up under law commission chairman on issue of minimum alternate tax has helped the country in some aspects.
PM Modi to deliver speech virtually at UN General Assembly today | India News – India TV

Modi has a huge mass appeal and there is a strong reason as to why crowds gather in large numbers to hear Mr.Modi. His campaigns have always been multidimensional focusing on the youth empowerment, fighting over corruption, wiping out terrorism and there is much more. With an aim to replicate social-economic success, he strives to connect with the masses and the youth of the country on a deeper level. He has managed to vow to enforce a contemporary the uniform civil code for harmonising tradition with the present times. Prime minister Modi’s government will continue to focus on the “Jan Dhan” or financial inclusion of the poor from the country. The two new aspects are also included which are: “Jal Dhan” programmes for increasing the agriculture network and the other is the “Van Dhan” programmes for protecting the forest resources. Mr. Modi vows to rationalise the ministries and departments present in the country. Mr. Modi is going well on his way to expand and empower the nations pool of diplomats. This happens to be a Part of his proactive diplomacy has begun with the invites to neighbouring countries for his swearing-in ceremony.

Howdy, Big Data! PM Modi Pitches India As The New Global Data Haven

The Swacch Bharat Abhiyan is a brilliant initiative of how the PM Modi has managed to reign in the youth and the children of the country to battle the issue of cleanliness and the hygiene which has been a traditional concern of India. In this process, he has managed to introduce various healthy competition by naming many clean cities and clean railway stations as well, putting cleanliness on the national agenda of India.  The Modi government’s focus on the economic development of the country is termed to be undeniable. It is here that we should let numbers do the talking. In the economic growth rate of the country in 2013-14 was pegged at the rate of  about 4.7 percent, which  a slight increase over the 4.5 percent of  growth  as compared to of 2012-13. Make in India is an initiative which was declared by the Prime minister of the country from the ramparts of the Red Fort managed to woke the nation up to its potential. Mr. Modi’s flagship campaigns – Digital India and skill India is nation’s turning point on a global platform.

Howdy, Modi!, global award, statesman UN speech: Highlights of PM Modi's US visit in 10 points

Why is water important?

This material accounts for the majority of your body weight and plays a role in a variety of critical functions, including:

removing waste from the body

controlling body temperature and assisting brain function


The majority of your daily water intake comes from liquids, but food also provides a minor quantity.

Photo by Andre Moura on Pexels.com

It helps create saliva

Saliva contains a lot of water. Saliva also contains electrolytes, mucous, and enzymes in minute amounts. It’s necessary for breaking down solid foods and maintaining oral health.

When you drink enough water, your body generates adequate saliva. However, as you become older or take certain medications or therapies, your saliva production may decrease.

If your mouth is drier than usual and increasing your water intake isn’t helping, see your doctor.

It regulates your body temperature

Maintaining your body temperature requires staying hydrated. During physical exercise and in heated situations, your body loses water through sweat.

Sweat keeps your body cool, but if you don’t replace the water you lose, your body temperature will rise. That’s because when you’re dehydrated, your body loses electrolytes and plasma.

If you’re sweating more than normal, make sure you’re getting plenty of rest.

It protects your tissues, spinal cord, and joints

Water keeps your joints, spinal cord, and tissues lubricated and cushioned. This will allow you to enjoy physical exercise while also reducing the agony caused by ailments such as arthritis.

It helps excrete waste through perspiration, urination, and defecation

Water is used by the body to sweat, pee, and pass bowel movements.

Sweat helps to keep your body temperature in check whether you’re exercising or in hot weather. Water is required to replace the fluids lost via sweating.

To have good faeces and avoid constipation, you also need enough water in your system.

Your kidneys are also responsible for removing waste from your body through urination. Adequate hydration is beneficial.

Photo by Daria Shevtsova on Pexels.com

It helps maximize physical performance

Your strength, power, and endurance are all affected by hydration.

If you engage in endurance training or high-intensity sports like basketball, you may be more susceptible to the consequences of dehydration.

Exercise in the heat without adequate hydration can result in dangerous medical issues such as low blood pressure and hyperthermia. Seizures can be caused by severe dehydration.

It aids in digestion

Experts affirm that drinking water before, during, and after a meal will assist your body break down the food you eat more easily, contrary to popular belief. This will aid in your digestion and allow you to get the most out of your meals.

The body adjusts to variations in the composition of food and stomach contents, whether they are more solid or liquid, according to a reliable source.

It helps with nutrient absorption

Water not only aids in the digestion of food, but it also aids in the dissolution of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. The vitamin components are subsequently delivered to the remainder of your body for usage.

Reference

http://www.healthline.com

International Youth Day

It is observed on 12 August every year to raise awareness about the youth and draws attention to the issues faced by the youth all across the world. For the first time, it was declared by the United Nations General Assembly.

From 1965 to 1975 an International policy on youth was emphasised and both the General Assembly and the Economic & Social Council focus on three basic themes that is participation, development, and peace in the field of youth.

WATER

How much water should you drink?

Drink plenty of water throughout the day to avoid dehydration.

How much water should you drink a day? You probably know that it’s important to drink plenty of fluids when the temperatures soar outside. But staying hydrated is a daily necessity, no matter what the thermometer says. Unfortunately, many of us aren’t getting enough to drink, especially older adults. “Older people don’t sense thirst as much as they did when they were younger. And that could be a problem if they’re on a medication that may cause fluid loss, such as a diuretic,” says Dr. Julian Seifter, a kidney specialist and associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.

Benefits of drinking water:

Water keeps every system in the body functioning properly. The Harvard Medical School Special Health Report 6-Week Plan for Health Eating notes that water has many important jobs, such as:

•Carrying nutrients and oxygen to your cells

•Flushing bacteria from your bladder

•Aiding digestion

•Preventing constipation

•Normalizing blood pressure

•Stabilizing the heartbeat

•Cushioning joints

•Protecting organs and tissues

•Regulating body temperature

•Maintaining electrolyte (sodium) balance.

Giving your body enough fluids to carry out those tasks means that you’re staying hydrated.

If you don’t drink enough water each day, you risk becoming dehydrated. Warning signs of dehydration include weakness, low blood pressure, dizziness, confusion, or urine that’s dark in color.

So how much water should you drink? Most people need about four to six cups of water each day.

How much water should you drink a day?

The daily four-to-six cup rule is for generally healthy people. It’s possible to take in too much water if you have certain health conditions, such as thyroid disease or kidney, liver, or heart problems; or if you’re taking medications that make you retain water, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opiate pain medications, and some antidepressants.

How much water a day should you drink if you fit into that category? There’s no one-size-fits-all answer. Dr. Seifter says water intake must be individualized, and you should check with your doctor if you are not sure about the right amount for you.

But even a healthy person’s water needs will vary, especially if you’re losing water through sweat because you’re exercising, or because you’re outside on a hot day. If you’re wondering how much water you should drink on those occasions, speak with your doctor, but a general rule of thumb for healthy people is to drink two to three cups of water per hour, or more if you’re sweating heavily.

Tips for avoiding dehydration:

It’s not just water that keeps you hydrated. All beverages containing water contribute toward your daily needs. And it’s a myth that caffeinated beverages or those containing alcohol are dehydrating because they make you urinate. They do, but over the course of the day, the water from these beverages still leads to a net positive contribution to total fluid consumption.

Of course, there are many reasons why water is still the better choice. Remember, sugary drinks can lead to weight gain and inflammation, which can increase your risk for developing diseases such as diabetes. Too much caffeine can give you the jitters or keep you from sleeping. And, alcohol intake should be limited to one drink per day for women, and 1-2 drinks per day for men.

To ward off dehydration, drink fluids gradually, throughout the day. An easy way to do this is to have a drink at each meal, as well as socially, or with medicine.

And know that you also get fluids from water-rich foods, such as salads, fruit, and applesauce.

Love yourself but don’t Hate others.

Love Yourself, is word that tells a person about loving himself. The ones who have nothing but themselves or those who don’t have a support system to lean on, It provides them confidence of being able to have themselves. But is it all that it does. The concept of love yourself has been around for quite a time but it became more evident to everyone after the campaign,’ Love Yourself.’

BTS

The campaign was launched by BTS, a South Korean Band or a K-POP band. The group has gained recognition from their Album, Wings. Prior to this they have released several albums but they were not as successful as this one. After that BTS released Love Yourself. This album also was very successful and lead the campaign for Love Yourself. The campaign is still going in and gave the band a chance to present a speech at UN.

But there are not only positive outcomes of a thing. If it had a 9 good impact then it certainly an have 1 impact that would ruin the whole thing. Many of the fans who watched and followed the campaign turned out to love them so much that they started being offended on little things.

I have seen videos where they just blur out anything to all those who do not like BTS or does not follow them. They also start telling everyone about it and its just irritating for some people.

Now you must be thinking, all of sudden but it has a reason. I saw a video titled Reply to army’s( BTS’s fandom name) parents. The video said about how the parents hate her for watching BTS and wanting to be a K pop Star. And this is not acceptable. Parents don’t like the stuff their children do all the time and they do say stuff like why you watch this and say you just have to do this all day. But that does not mean that they hate you.

BTS

These people need to understand that not everyone out there is against someone. And about BTS they’ don’t know anything except that you spend your whole time watching them so it will be problematic to them. And they will say stuff to you but it does not turns them in someone who hates you. so i would like to request all of you to stop doing it and stop making things like BTS is making you hate your parents.

Thank you for reading abd don’t forget to tell what do you think about this in the commnents.

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