On July 2, 1937, the Lockheed aircraft carrying American aviator Earhart and navigator Frederick Noonan is reported missing near Howland Island within the Pacific. The pair were attempting to fly round the world once they lost their bearings during the foremost challenging leg of the worldwide journey: Lae, New Guinea , to Howland Island, a tiny island 2,227 nautical miles away, within the center of the Pacific . The U.S. Coast Guard cutter Itasca was in sporadic radio contact with Earhart as she approached Howland Island and received messages that she was lost and running low on fuel. Soon after, she probably tried to ditch the Lockheed within the ocean. No trace of Earhart or Noonan was ever found.
Amelia Earhart was born in Atchison, Kansas, in 1897. She took up aviation at the age of 24 and later gained publicity together of the earliest female aviators. In 1928, the publisher George P. Putnam suggested Earhart become the primary woman to fly across the Atlantic . The previous year, Charles A. Lindbergh had flown solo n”art-10″>In June 1928, Earhart and two men flew from Newfoundland, Canada, to Wales, Great Britain. Although Earhart’s only function during the crossing was to stay the plane’s log, the flight won her great fame, and Americans were enamored of the daring young pilot. The three were honored with a ticker-tape parade in ny , and “Lady Lindy,” as Earhart was dubbed, was given a White House reception by President Coolidge .
Earhart wrote a book about the flight for Putnam, whom she married in 1931, and gave lectures and continued her flying career under her maiden name. On May 20, 1932, she took off alone from Newfoundland during a Lockheed Vega on the primary solo n”art-15″>She was bound for Paris but was blown astray and landed in Ireland on May 21 after flying quite 2,000 miles in only under 15 hours. It was the fifth anniversary of Lindbergh’s historic flight, and before Earhart nobody had attempted to repeat his solo transatlantic flight. For her achievement, she was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross by Congress. Three months later, Earhart became the primary woman to fly solo n”art-19″>In 1935, within the first flight of its kind, she flew solo from Wheeler Field in Honolulu to Oakland, California, winning a $10,000 award posted by Hawaiian commercial interests. Later that year, she was appointed a consultant in careers for women at Purdue University, and the school bought her a modern Lockheed Electra aircraft to be used as a “flying laboratory.”
On St Patrick’s Day , 1937, she took faraway from Oakland and flew west on an around-the-world attempt. It would not be the primary global flight, but it might be the longest–29,000 miles, following an equatorial route. Accompanying Earhart within the Lockheed was Frederick Noonan, her navigator and a former Pan American pilot. After resting and refueling in Honolulu, the trio prepared to resume the flight. However, while beginning for Howland Island, Earhart ground-looped the plane on the runway, perhaps due to a blown tire, and therefore the Lockheed was seriously damaged. The flight was called off, and therefore the aircraft was shipped back to California for repairs.
In May, Earhart flew the newly rebuilt plane to Miami, from where Noonan and she or he would make a replacement around-the-world attempt, this point from west to east. They left Miami on June 1, and after stops in South America, Africa, India, and Southeast Asia , they received Lae, New Guinea, on Saints Peter and Paul . About 22,000 miles of the journey had been completed, and the last 7,000 miles would all be over the Pacific Ocean. The next destination was Howland Island, a tiny U.S.-owned island that was just a couple of miles long. The U.S. Department of Commerce had a weather station and a airstrip on the island, and therefore the staff was ready with fuel and supplies. Several U.S. ships, including the Coast Guard cutter Itasca, were deployed to assist Earhart and Noonan during this difficult leg of their journey.
As the Lockheed approached Howland Island, Earhart radioed the Itasca and explained that she was low on fuel. However, after several hours of frustrating attempts, two-way communication was only briefly established, and therefore the Itasca was unable to pinpoint the Lockheed’s location or offer navigational information. Earhart circled the Itasca‘s position but was unable to sight the ship, which was sending out miles of black smoke. She radioed “one-half hour fuel and no landfall” and later tried to offer information on her position. Soon after, contact was lost, and Earhart presumably tried to land the Lockheed on the water.
If her landing on the water was perfect, Earhart and Noonan may need had time to flee the aircraft with a Carling float and survival equipment before it sank. An intensive search of the vicinity by the Coast Guard and U.S. Navy found no physical evidence of the fliers or their plane.

Teke Teke  a Japanese urban legend about the ghost of a schoolgirl who is claimed to possess been tied by her bullies onto a railway line, where her body was cut in half by a train. She is an onryō, or a vengeful spirit, who lurks in urban areas and around train stations in the dark .
The Teke Teke is universally portrayed as a woman or a girl , usually with long, black hair. She is usually portrayed as having claws rather than fingernails or fingers, as these help her drag her torn body around. The legend is named “Teke Teke” due to the sound she makes while “walking” and carrying the scythe.
Like most urban legends, there are numerous versions of the Teke Teke story that it’s impossible to understand what the first story was or where it began from.
Every locality has its own version with different details. In some stories, the Teke Teke was the victim of a tragic accident; in others, it had been suicide. In some stories, certain magic charms can protect you from its wrath; in others, nothing can protect you and you’ll certainly die. In some versions, the Teke Teke’s victims become Teke Teke themselves. There are many things in common between these variations, and the most common ones point towards a woman from Hokkaidō named Kashima Reiko.
In the years after war II, an office worker in Muroran, Hokkaidō was assaulted by military personnel. She was left injured on the rail tracks and was hit by a train which stop her body in half. The severe cold of the Hokkaidō night caused her blood vessels to contract and prevented her from bleeding out quickly. Instead, she squirmed and wriggled around for help for several minutes. She was seen by an attendant. Instead of trying to assist her, the station attendant just covered her with a bag . She died a slow, agonising death.
According to legend, three days after hearing this story, you’ll see the ghost of a lady with no lower half. The ghost will attempt to catch you, and escape is impossible even during a car; the ghost can crawl at a speed of up to 150 km per hour. Some say that the ghost is checking out her missing legs. Others say that she is just bent slaughter as many of us as she will .
Another version of the story suggests that the legend was designed to discourage people from bullying, abusing or assaulting others. In many variations of the legend, the Teke Teke was mistreated by others in life and this ill-treatment directly caused her death. The only reason why she rose from the grave was to get revenge on others, albeit rather indiscriminately.

Tomino’s Hell may be a notorious damned poem believed to curse or maybe kill anyone who reads it aloud . Saijo Yaso, a famous Japanese poet, wrote the poem after the top of war I. Many believe he explained his suffering through the poem as his father died during the war.
On the contrary, others have given different meanings to the poem and related Tomino’s descent to hell because the suffering of a soldier during a war. The poem gained notoriety when people suffered losses after reading the poem.
It is also believed that a lass died few moments after reading the poem. People complained of getting sharp headaches, muscular spasms, or malaise after reading the poem; hence, declaring the poem cursed.
Saijo Yaso was a Japanese poet who wrote the famous poem, Tomino’s Hell. His work was crammed with strange symbolism and unsettling wordplay, greatly influenced by French arts and history. Additionally, his primary audience was children.
In 1919, Saijo released his 27th collection of poetry known as Sakin,Tomino’s Hell or Tomino no Jigoku was one of the poems from Sakin. The poem became quickly famous when it troubled those reading it.
Saijo lost his father during World War I and penned the poem after the war. Initially, it had been largely believed that Tomino’s Hell was a symbolic depiction of Saijo’s feelings of loss. Saijo may need been during a constant state of suffering after losing loved ones, and he explained the tough emotions within the poem. However, later people gave several explanations to the dark poem.
The poet efficiently left the reason of the dark poem to the reader’s imagination; that’s why there are humungous explanations to the poem. Tomino’s gender isn’t identified within the poem; hence, some descriptions portray Tomino as a woman while others depict him as a boy.
It is a widely accepted myth that Tomino was a woman who belonged to an abusive family. She wrote all her agonies during a poem that her parents read and eventually locked her during a cellar. They did not feed the poor girl for weeks leading to Tomino’s death from bronchitis. Tomino’s poem has since haunted anyone who read the poem aloud .
In another tale, Tomino was a woman whose sisters tormented her. Tomino was immensely hurt by her sister’s torture and wrote the poem explaining how she felt a day together with her sisters. She explained that living together with her sisters was like living within the lowest level of hell.
Another tale depicts Tomino as a murderer girl who killed her parents. The poem says that Tomino was heading towards “mugen Jigoku,” which is the Japanese translation of “Avīci”. In Buddhism, Avīci is the lowest of hells, and the one who falls in Avici, their torment lasts for eternity.
In another myth, the poem depicted a boy sent to the Buddhism’s lowest level of hell for an unknown crime. However, some also say that the boy was a soldier during war I. He pictured his life as a living hell using twisted words within the poem. The boy loved his three sisters, and upon his departure, the sisters threw up their soul.
The boy further explained his horrible journey, metaphorically relating it to his descent into the last level of hell. He explained seeing sharp, bloodied needles during his way right down to hell. Myths relate the pointed needles covered in blood to “Senninbari.”
During war time, the Japanese women gave soldiers a bit of fabric called Senninbari, made with thousand stitches. It was believed to guard the soldier from harm. Mothers, sisters, girlfriends, or wives would stitch the cloth 1000 times and give it as a good luck charm to the man.

Jatinga, alittle tribal village, is understood for the mysterious suicide of birds during certain weeks of the year.
At the top of the monsoon months especially on moonless and foggy dark nights between 6 p.m. and 9:30 p.m., birds aren’t disturbed by the locals but out of the dark northern skies will start to descend as they’re interested in lights. These dazed birds are captured using bamboo poles by the locals. The local tribals first took this phenomenon to be spirits flying from the sky to terrorize them. This phenomenon isn’t confined to one species, with tiger bittern, black bittern, Egretta garzetta , pond heron, Indian pitta, and kingfishers all being affected, also as hill partridge, green pigeon, emerald dove, necklaced laughingthrush, black drongo.
The late naturalist E. P. Gee brought this phenomenon to global attention within the 1960s. He drove to Jatinga with famed ornithologist late Salim Ali. The explanation for it’s likely to be disorientation at high altitudes and high speed winds thanks to the widespread fog characteristic at the time. The zoological survey of India sent Sudhir Sengupta to unravel this mystery. The most recent description of the phenomenon and its comparison with similar incidents elsewhere in Malaysia, Philippines, and Mizoram is found within the book The Birds of Assam by Anwaruddin Choudhury. He concluded that the birds, mostly juveniles and native migrants, are disturbed by high velocity winds at their roost. When the disturbed birds fly towards lights as refuge they’re hit with bamboo poles and killed or injured.
Conservation groups and wildlife officials in India have taken steps to stop wanton killing of birds across India, creating awareness within the illiterate villagers. Bikash Brahma, Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests of Dima Hasao, stated the killings also because the number of birds arriving at the village has been declining gradually since the last few years. Much of this is often thanks to loss of habitat caused by “development and environment degradation”.
OVER THE LAST 100 YEARS, thousands of birds have flown to their death over alittle strip of land in Jatinga. In a town of only 2,500 people, this bizarre Bermuda Triangle of avian death remains largely unexplained.

A. National Highways
National Highways from the most important system of road transportation in India. These highways are running through length and breadth of the country connecting capitals of states, major ports rail junctions, industrial and tourist centers.

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways of India, is responsible for the development and maintenance of National Highways in India. The longest National Highway is NH-44 which runs from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh to kanniyakumari in Tamil Nadu covering a distance of 2369 km. The shortest national highway is NH-47 A, which runs from Ernakulam to kochi port (willington Island) covering a distance of 6 km.

b) State Highways
The state highways are usually roads that link important cities, towns and district headquarters within the state and connect them with national highways or highways of neighbouring states. These roads are administered and financed by state governments.

C) District Roads
District Roads provide connectivity between the district and taluk headquarters with in state highways and national highways. District Roads are constructed and maintained by the Public Works Department of the states.

D) Rural Roads (Village Roads)
These roads are vital for providing links in the rural areas. It links the different villages with neighbouring towns. They are maintained by village panchayats.

E) Border Roads
These are the roads of strategic importance in border areas. They are constructed and maintained by Border Roads Organization. It was established in 1960 for the development of the roads of strategic importance in the northern and northeastern border areas. Border Roads Organization has constructed world’s highest road joining Chandigarh and Leh in Ladakh. This road runs at an average altitude of 4,270 meters.

F) Golden Quadrilateral
Golden Quadrilateral 5,846 km long road of4/6 lanes connects, India’s four metropolitan cities: Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai-Delhi. This project was launched in 1999.

G) North-South and East-West Corridors
North-South corridor aims at connecting Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir with Kanniyakumari in Tamil Nadu (including Kochi-Salem Spur) with 4,076km long road. The East-West Corridor has been planned connect silchar in Assam with 3640km of road length. The two corridors intersect at Jhansi.

H) Expressways
These are multi-lane good quality highways for high speed traffic. Some of the important expressways are;
Mumbai-Pune Road,
Kolkata-Dumdum Airport road
Durgapur-kolkata Road
Yamuna expressway between Delhi and Agra.

Pisciculture or Fish culture is the process of breeding and rearing of fishes in ponds, reservoirs (dams), lakes, rivers and paddy fields. It is the farming of economically important fishes under controlled conditions.

Types of Fish Culture

Extensive fish culture

Culture of fishes in large areas with low stocking density and natural feeding.

Intensive fish culture

Culture of fishes in small areas with high stocking density and providing artificial feed to increase production.

Monoculture

It is the culture of single type of fish in a water body. It is also called mono species culture.

Polyculture

It is the culture of more than one type of fish in a water body. It is also called composite fish culture.

Integrated fish farming

It is the culture of fishes along with agricultural crops or animal husbandry farming, Rearing of fish along with paddy, poultry, cattle, pig and ducks.

Types of Ponds for Fish Culture

Fish farm requires different types of pond for the various developmental stages of fish growth. They are given below:

Breeding pond

Healthy and sexually mature male and female fishes are collected and introduced in this pond for breeding. The eggs released by the female are fertilized by the sperm and fertilized eggs float in water as frothy mass.

Hatching pits

The fertilized eggs are transferred to hatching pits or hatching hapas for hatching.

Nursery ponds

The hatchlings are transferred from hatching pits after 2 to 7 days. The hatchlings grow into fry and are cultured in these ponds for about 60 days with proper feeding till they reach 2 – 2.5 cm in length.

Rearing ponds

Rearing ponds are used to culture the fry. The fish fry are transferred from nursery pond to rearing ponds and are maintained for about three months till they reach 10 to 15 cm in length. In these rearing ponds the fry develops into fingerlings.

Stocking pond

The stocking pond is also called as culture pond or production pond. These ponds are used to rear fingerlings upto the marketable size.

 

FROM BOOKSTORE TO SUPERSTORE

Can you believe that a little more than
two decades ago, Amazon was still one man, a light bulb idea and a home garage?

Circa 1994, Jeff Bezos began working on a
business plan (yes, in his garage) for what would eventually become the largest
internet retailer in the US. In 1995, the company made its official debut.

In those early days, Bezos and his
employees would pack books and bring them to the post office themselves, and
even after the company began to build warehouses and acquire more assets, many
investors still wrote them off as another dot-com pipedream. Of
course, even Bezos couldn’t have mapped out every twist and turn, as our
selection of key turning points in Amazon’s journey from garage to the globe
proves.

Jeff Bezos launched Amazon as an online
bookstore, and strategically chose Seattle, Washington as the home base
location. Due to Washington’s lack of sales tax, it allowed Amazon to sell
nearly all over without having to collect sales tax from its customers. Bezos finally
made the decision to go with “Amazon”, named after the largest river in the
world (his goal was to lead the company to become the largest bookstore in the
world.) He thought of the idea while looking through the dictionary,
specifically targeting names that began with “A” as he believed it would give
the company the advantage of being listed higher in alphabetized lists.
Amazon
moved into a whole new area of business as it began to allow third-party
sellers to move merchandise through the site.

In terms of revenue, Amazon is the biggest
internet-based company in the world. When it started out selling books online
in 1994, Jeff Bezos had an idea that the best way to succeed online was to grow
big and fast. Today, the company sells everything from
books to groceries to shipping container houses. It has become a one-stop-shop
and has many ambitions for its future.

Amazon was not the first company to hit on
this business strategy. Another company, Computer Literacy (a Silicon Valley
bookstore) began selling its own wares online as early as 1991.

The difference that Amazon.com had to
offer was its greater convenience. It, from the off, was based on a model of
delivering online orders directly to the customer’s address anywhere in the
world.

As we all know now, Amazon.com is about a
lot more than just books today. This was always the plan, according to Bezos.
During
an earnings call in 2005, Jeff Bezos announced a customer loyalty program that
offered free two-day shipping on any order, along with other perks and benefits
for only $79 per year. Prime has proved to be a massive success: it now has
more than 112 million members across the globe. Amazon
had been developing the Echo (and Alexa capabilities) since 2011, and finally
began selling the devices in June 2015. The idea of an in-home virtual
assistant was novel and exciting for many, but few realized just how big it
would become in such a short time.

No organisation has escaped the worldwide
impact of the Coronavirus pandemic, but few have been such prominent players as
Amazon.

• 

Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources.

With the growing uncertainities of global climate change and the long term impacts of management actions, the decision making will be even more difficult.

• 

Fresh water is an important natural resource necessary for the survival of all ecosystems. The use of water by humans for activities such as irrigation and industrial applications can have adverse impacts on down stream ecosystems.

Fresh water is any naturally occurring liquid/solid water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids.

Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include non-salty mineral rich waters such as chalybeate springs.

Fresh water may encompass frozen and meltwater in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, snowfields and icebergs, natural precipitations such as rainfall, snowfall, hail/sleet and graupel, and surface runoffs that form inland bodies of water such as wetland, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, as well as groundwater contained in a quires, subterranean rivers and lakes.

Water is critical to the survival of all living organisms. Many organisms can thrive on salt water, but the great majority of higher plants and most insects, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds need fresh water to survive.

Fresh water is not always potable water, that is, water safe to drink by humans. Much of the earth’s fresh water on the surface and groundwater is to a substantial degree unsuitable for human consumption without some treatment. Fresh water can easily become polluted by human activities or due to naturally occurring processes, such as erosion.

Fresh water is a renewable and variable, but finite natural resource. Fresh water can only be replenished through the process of the water cycle, in which water from seas, lakes, forests, land, rivers and reservoirs evaporates, forms clouds, and returns back inland as precipitation.

Locally, however, if more fresh water is consumed through human activities then is naturally restored, this may results in reduced fresh water availability or water scarcity from surface and underground sources and can cause serious damage to surrounding and associated environments.

Water pollution and subsequent eutrophication also reduces the availability of fresh water.

Lachma Shekhar Naik was born on 7 April 1986, in a nomadic Banjara Family in southern Karnataka, as the son of a farmer. He was born completely blind as his mother and other 15 members of his family suffered from visual impairment, Naik was seven when he injured his head after falling along the bank of the River he was taken to a health camp where the doctor released that the possibility of restoring sight his right eye, he was operated in Bangalore and was able to restore 60 % of his right eye vision.

He was sent to Shri Sharada Devi School for blind in Shimoga, he learned to play cricket while at school, he used to work in filed in summer holidays to save money for his cricket ambitions, his mother died when he was the age of 12, while he off from playing he used to work as sports coordinator for an NGO ‘Samarthanam’ which funds for the cricket Association for Blind people in India.
He was selected in Karnataka Team in 2000, he was called up to India national Blind Cricket Team in 2002, went to captain the team in 2010. He was the man of the match in the 2006 World cup, he also led the team to victory in the 2014 cricket world cup.
In 2017 he was honored by the country’s fourth highest Civilian honor Padma Shri by the Government of India.