PARENTAL LOVE -IRREPLACEABLE FOR CHILDREN’S WELL- BEING

      

Child rearing has become challenging during past years and great expectations are placed for parenthood . althrough the public upbringing has become professionalized and the day care and school services are available in today’s society .parents have the main responsibility for rearing children .how and into what should children be raised? in this article ,good parenthood is paralleled with parental love.as a result ,two valuable and demanding underlying contents of parental love are discussed in this article .setting up safe boundaries and constructing good self-esteem as the core of good parenthood and parental love .the perspective in this article is fundamentally positive .parental love appreciates and cares about the child and does not abandon the child even when his/her behaviour causes disappointments and trouble.

                The sacrifices , belives ,and values parents implant in their children will help determine the person they grow up to be . a child is like a sponge that absorbs their parents thoughts and view points that will stay with them for the rest of their lives.

                      Parents make great sacrifices for the care of their children .day after day, parents protect their children from danger, attend their cries ,and reassure their children after a bad dream. Parents give up many necessities for their children every day. In the poem “those winter sundays ” by robert hayden , the father displays the sacrifices he makes for this son. The father’s “cracked hand that ached” ,shows he sacrified pain and discomfort for this child. The father takes no thought for this own confront. Also ,self-sacrificing this own warmth so his child could wake up to a warm house. The father would get up in the “blueblack cold”,to make a fire. The sacrifices parents make for their childrens will have and impact on them when they become parents.

                                  Beliefs are taught to children in subtle ways such as just listening to their parents conversations. Its not uncommon to over hear a child explain something as being absolutely true because what their parents have told them. In the poem “the victims” by sharon olds ,the children hated their father because of the beliefs the mother in stilled in her children. Their mother “taught us to take it, to hate you…….” . the children pick up the hate the mother had against their father and this begun the hatred for their father. In “ the death of a salesman”, the father sets a foundation of beliefs for his son biff. The father believes that all it takes to be successful in life is to we well liked. He tells his son ,”be liked and you will never want . you take me, for instance. I never have to wait in line to see a buyer &apo.

                           In modern society, many aspects of life have become increasingly similar around the world -one of the rare exceptions to this is probably the way be parent our children. In the united states, there is some truth to the stereotype of “helicopter parents” who monitor and guide every step of their childrens lives. Scandinavian parents tent be the opposite. They are more interested in having their children develop imagination, independence and a sense of discovery, and they generally interfere much less with their childrens choice .

                     The  authoritative parents are more likely to be viewed as reasonable , fair and just, their children are more likely to comply with their parents requests. Also, because these parents provide rules as well as explanation for these rules, children are much more likely to internalize these lessons.

Rather then simply following the rules because they fear punishment, the children of authoritative parents are able to see why the rules exist, understand that they are fair and acceptable, and strive to follow these rules to meet their own internalized sense of what is right wrong.

                           Parenting styles are associated with different child outcomes, and the authoritative style is generally linked to positive behaviors such as strong self -esteem and self -competence. However , other important factors including culture, childrens temperament, childrens perception of parental treatment, and social influences also play and important role in childrens behaviour .

                            Modern society is giving more importance to parenting styles . it represent the different approaches parents use to raise their children. This paper looks into various kinds of parenting styles followed by families . modern parenting is mixed with various issues . the root cause of majority of the mental health problems arise in adolescence are related to parenting styles. Most parents use a variety of styles developing upon their culture and societal demands. The patterns of parenting styles and their impact on child development are explained in the paper the impact of the social changes on childhood in india derives attention parenting style needs change according to the changes taking place in a society

IS TIME TRAVEL POSSIBLE ??

Although many people are fascinated by the idea of changing the past or seeing the future before it’s due, no person has ever demonstrated the kind of back-and-forth time travel seen in science fiction, or proposed a method of sending a person through significant periods of time that wouldn’t destroy them on the way. 

But Ron Mallett built a machine that illustrates time machine

Ron Mallett has a dream: He wants to travel in time.Mallett is a respected professor of physics.Ron’s father, a heavy smoker, died of a heart attack at the age of 33 – when Prof Mallett was just 10 years of age. Ron was devastated and withdrew into his books.Prof Mallett explains: “If I could build a time machine, then I could go back into the past and see my father again and maybe save his life and change everything.”

Albert Einstein thought the three dimensions of space were linked to time – which serves as a fourth dimension. Einstein also thought it was possible to fold space-time, creating a shortcut between two distant locations. This phenomenon is called a wormhole, and it can be visualised as a tunnel with two openings, each emerging at different points in space-time.

Wormholes might exist naturally in the cosmos.The nearest ones could be many light-years away. And even if you could get to them and then survive the journey through them, there’s no guarantee where you’d end up.A wormhole will only work for time travel if its “mouth” can be held open for long enough that it allows something to travel through it. That requires something called negative energy, which doesn’t really exist in the everyday world.

So, as for now we only know to that it is possible to time travel but more proper examination should be done before doing it .Hope in future we will find a way regarding this.

Artwork : Wormhole illustration

Public Interest Litigation (PIL)

The concept of PIL originated and developed in the US in the 1960. In the USA it was designed to provide legal representation to previously unrepresented groups and interests. In India, the PIL is a product of the judicial activism role of the supreme court; it was introduced in the early 1980s. Justice V R Krishna Iyer and Justice P N Bhagwati were the pioneers of the concept of PIL.

Under the PIL, any public spirited citizen or a social organisation can move the court for the enforcement of the rights of any person or group of persons who because of their poverty or ignorance or socially or economically disadvantaged position are themselves unable to approach the court for the remedies.

The real purposes of the PIL are:

  • Vindication of the rule of law 
  • Facilitating effective access to justice to the socially and economically weaker sections of the society 
  • Meaningful realization of the fundamental rights 

Features of the PIL:

  •  PIL is a strategic arm of the Legal Aid movement and is intended to bring justice within the reach of the poor masses who constitute the low visibility area of humanity .
  • It is brought before the court not for the purpose of enforcing the right of one individual against another as happens in the case of ordinary litigation but it is intended to promote and vindicate Public Interest.
  • PIL demands that violation of constitutional and legal rights of large numbers of people who are poor, ignorant or in a socially and economically disadvantaged position should not go unnoticed and unredressed.
  • In PIL, the litigation is undertaken for the purpose of redressing public injury, enforcing public duty, protecting social, collective, diffused rights and interests or vindicating Public Interest.
  • In PIL the role held by the court is more assertive than in the traditional actions; it is creative rather than passive and it assumes a more positive attitude in determining acts.

Giggs, Scholes or Rooney: Who has the most appearances for Manchester United?

Manchester United are the most successful club in England with 66 trophies in their cabinet. The 143-year-old club has won every single title including the Premier League for a record 20 times.

Legendary players like Sir Bobby Charlton, George Best and David Beckham have donned the Red jersey over the years and have brought laurels to the club. 

But among all the greats who have played for the Red Devils, the legendary Ryan Giggs has played the most number of matches for the club. 

Goal takes a look at the top 10 players who have played the most number of matches for the Red Devils…

After graduating from Manchester United’s youth system, Giggs made his senior professional debut in 1990 and represented the English giants throughout his career until his retirement in 2014.

He went on to play for 24 years and appeared in 963 matches for the club. At Old Trafford, the Welsh winger won every major trophy including the Premier League a record 13 times and the Champions League twice.

Another club and English football legend Sir Bobby Charlton is the second most-capped Manchester United player of all time. 

Like Giggs, Charlton was also a United youth product who made his senior professional debut in 1956 and went on to play until 1973. In those 17 years, the World Cup-winning English international appeared in 758 matches wearing the red shirt.

United’s all time topscorer Wayne Rooney also features in this list, at the sixth position with 559 caps.

Rooney, a modern-day club legend, moved to Manchester United from Everton in 2004 and played at the club until 2017. He is the club’s all-time highest goalscorer with 263 goals to his name.

Here, we take a look at the top 10 players who have made the most appearances for the club.

5 Things you must not miss if you are traveling to Leh Ladakh

The world of virus has made all of us a couch potato. Eat, sleep, work and repeat has became our lifestory. Now lets recharge ourself and live our life happily like the way we were living before this virus, lets go on trip, a trip to Leh Ladakh. A heavenly beautiful travel destination in Himalayas. The moon-like landscapes, desert mountains with splashes of green and snow peaks the beautiful nature make you feel spaced out from this world. So if you are visiting to Leh Ladakh don’t forgot to do these 5 things.

1. Chadar Trek

While walking across frozen sheets of ice will make you feel like “ELSA”. The Frozen River trek while holidaying in Ladakh is one of the most popular things in Ladakh. You will also be capturing panoramic sights of frozen valleys while strolling here and the serene ambiance will surely make you fall in love with this place. This is one of the best activities to do in Ladakh.

2. Shanti Stupa

Shanti Stupa in Leh is amongst the most popular Tibetan structures that is known for its architecture and beauty. Shanti Stupa looks exceptionally beautiful during the full moon night when it is naturally illuminated by the moonlight. Its white-dome structure is truly mesmerizing and the place offers panoramic sights of the surrounding area. The place will surely give you a perfect chance to revive your soul amidst the peaceful ambiance of this stupa. Shanti Stupa is established by a popular Japanese Buddhist, Bhikshu Gyomyo Nakamura.

3. Zorawar Fort

This fort stands as a pride for the entire region and is made up of local clay, sun-dried bricks, stones, and wooden frames. If you are visiting Leh, a visit to Zorawar Fort would give you access to a majestic view of the entire city.

4. River Rafting

River rafting is a popular activity that all thrill-seekers find quite enticing and to satiate your souls. Witness the beauty of this region while you cross quaint villages and stunning monasteries for which Ladakh is famous all around the world.

5. Hall of Fame

Pay tribute for soldiers sacrifice. The displays give you chills and make you realize the sacrifices of the soldiers for the country.

MODERN TECHNOLOGY

Technological advances are about much more than the new electric car from Tesla or autonomous vehicles by Mercedes. It is much more than just advanced wrist jewelry from Apple and fitness trackers that can tell you what you ate two weeks ago.

For senior people, technological change can mean the difference between dependency and independence. Forget your Ubers and your social media; forget about Ultra HD TVs, virtual reality gadgets, and other ever-changing technology, as a senior, all these things mean nothing if you are going to be confined to a nursing home with no freedom to enjoy it all.

The kind of modern technological advancements that seniors need may not hit the headlines like the new rocket by SpaceX, but that does not mean that they are any less significant. To the seniors who need these gadgets, advanced wearable tech is fast becoming an integral part of their safety, health, and happiness.

WHAT IS MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND HOW IS IT CHANGING?

Modern technology is all about efficiency and speed; it is about ensuring face-to-face communication, connecting you to your healthcare provider, and empowering you by giving you more access and control to the kind of care you get as well as service you receive.

Think about it this way: how often do you go online to look up information on…everything, really? Millennials do that every day and would almost never buy into any kind of service without reading the reviews and comments online first.

It is one way to determine whether or not a provider is to be trusted as well as see just how beneficial whatever service they are looking into will be to their day to day lives.

The same should be for your health and care as a senior. Technological advancements such as the Internet and computers have opened up a whole new world for you to learn and choose what is best for your health and happiness.

By 2020, these ever-changing technology innovations will ensure the kind of care you receive will be faster, better, efficient, and more effective—even offering social change. But that does not mean that you have to wait for years to arrive before you can start enjoying these benefits. There are wearables right now that are built specifically for the seniors who need them.

Gadgets That Can Tell Your:

1.Blood pressure
2.Sugar levels
3.Gather data that can be interpreted by your caregivers for better care.
4.Suggest dietary needs
5.Sound off an alarm in case of sudden immobility on your part indicating falls or loss of consciousness.


The kinds of things these wearable gadgets can do are unimaginable. With that in mind, here is some wearable tech for seniors that you should try today if you want to lead a better and more medically secure life.

THE BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY TO AN AGING SOCIETY:

The benefits of technology on any senior’s life will depend entirely on how much of that technology the senior embraces. If you are open to trying out new things, you will find that you have a lot to gain from this advancement and future tech.

Some of the Main Benefits of Technology to the Aging Community Include:

1.Improve your levels of safety: Now you can get help with the push of a button.

2.Help with Exercise Options:Thanks to exercise DVDs and online trainers, now you can get your exercise done from the comfort of your living room.


3.Connectivity:Things like Skype calls and Facebook have made it easier for seniors to keep in touch with loved ones who are far away.


4.Health Management:Thanks to wearable tech, your doctor can now keep closer track of your health through the data recorded by your devices.


5.Medication Management:There are apps now that ensure you do not take the wrong kind of medication. These apps also keep track of your pills and send you reminders if you forget.


6.Smart Homes Increase Your Security:Although still not as widespread, there is technology that will ensure most homes are voice controlled to minimize the number of times seniors have to walk up and down the stairs to answer or lock the door. This technology also ensures that the home is always connected to a command center that can send help whenever the resident needs it (all voice activated).

All of these benefits go to show that technology is something to be embraced by people of all ages. While the younger generation may be engrossed in their virtual reality headsets and other forms of entertainment options available thanks to technological advancements, seniors who embrace this march forward can use the same advancements to improve the quality of their own lives.

Although compared to what else is going on out there in the technological world (self-driving cars and smart homes) most of the options listed here might seem rudimentary, but as time goes by, the advancements will keep coming and your life as an aging member of the society will only keep getting better and easier.

It is safe to say that the future holds wonderful things for seniors who are not technologically averse and are willing to give the new tech a try.

Barcelona suspect Real Madrid are behind Moriba stalling on new contract

Contract talks between Barcelona and Ilaix Moriba have come to a standstill, with Goal learning that the Blaugrana suspect Real Madrid may be behind a breakdown in discussions.

The highly-rated 18-year-old is only tied to terms at Camp Nou until the summer of 2022, with another product of the famed La Masia academy system keeping everyone guessing on his future.

The hope in Catalunya is that an agreement can still be found that keeps the hot prospect on their books, but uncertainty reigns for now.

The Blaugrana are struggling to put fresh terms in place with a hot prospect, but contact with the Blancos is being denied.

World Emoji Day

World Emoji Day

World Emoji Day 2021: In the Internet Age now communication goes far beyond just by pressing a simple text message. Small iconic images that are mostly seen on social media or text messages are known as emojis which are more popular on the internet today.

World Emoji Day is celebrated to represent an idea or an emotion through electronic means. 

Emoji is a small digital icon becoming popular these days and no doubt is an integral part of our conversation. When we feel lazy or when we are at a loss for words then we use emojis to express what we want to. For every feeling, there are emojis now. From the past years, emojis have evolved. It not only expresses simple human feelings but more than that.

World Emoji Day: History

The first emoji was created in 1999 by Shigetaka Kurita, an engineer working at a Japanese mobile operator, NTT Docomo. He creates 176 emojis for the release of the Japanese mobile phone operator NTT DoCoMo’s integrated mobile internet service “i-mode”, debuting in February 1999. For only 250 characters the service was allowed which gave Kurita the challenge to figure out a way to communicate in an expressive but short way.  In Yahoo Messenger, the oldest ‘mainstream’ emoji was used. In 2010, by Unicode emoji was finally standardized. That is brands like Google, Microsoft, Facebook and Twitter can start creating their own versions of Emoji that would appear even if a message was sent from another operating system. Let us tell you that Unicode 6.0 is the largest release of emoji yet, consisting of 994 characters like emotions, a pile of poo, families, hearts, animals, clothes, food, city images, clocks, and country flags.

In 2014, World Emoji Day was created by the founder of Emojipedia named Jeremy Burge. Let us tell you that Emojipedia is the custodian of this global holiday and is responsible for this very website. Each month Emojipedia serves over 25 million emoji lookups. 17 July date is chosen as World Emoji Day because 17 July is famously displayed on the Calendar Emoji. On 17 July, 2014, the first World Emoji Day was celebrated and on 11 July, 2014, the first tweet about #WorldEmojiDay was done. Prior to the existence of World Emoji Day, people would sometimes post the Calendar Emoji on July 17, too.

World Emoji Day: Purpose

The main purpose of the day is to promote the use of emojis and spread the emoji for the enjoyment that they bring to all of those around us. Emojis are for all of us.     

Who gave approval to emojis?

A list of emojis was published and approved by the Unicode Consortium every year. When emojis are published, mobile operating systems like Android and iOS introduce them on their platforms. Let us tell you that the Unicode consortium has members who vote and submit their opinion on the emojis for making it official. Members that are included: Netflix, Apple, Facebook, Google, Tinder, etc.  

World Day for International Justice 2021: History, Significance and Facts

Features of new Emojis released in 2020

Emoji

In 2020, more than 110 new emojis will be added including Bubble Tea, Smiling Face With Tear, bottle-feeding parents, and the Transgender Flag. Unicode Consortium announced more than 110 emojis which form a part of Emoji 13.0. Apple at its yearly Worldwide Developers Conference keynote announces the upcoming release of iOS 14, their operating system for the iPhone. One of the new features is adding an emoji search to the keyboard. 

Renewable Energy Sources

Energy is an important input for development. It aims at human welfare covering household, agricultural transport & industrial complexes. Due to population explosion the demand for various forms of energy has got increased many folds. Renewable Resources can be generated continuously in nature & are inexhaustible. These resources can be used again & again in an endless manner.

RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIESWIND POWER

  1. WIND POWER :

Wind is an emissions-free source of energy. It is harnessed by making use of wind mills. Number of wind mills are installed in cluster are called wind farms. Minimum wind speed required is 150km/hr. A windmill converts wind energy into rotational energy by means of its blades. The basic principle of every windmill is to convert kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy which is used to rotate the turbine of electrical generator to produce electricity.

2. HYDROPOWER

Hydropower or hydroelectricity refers to the conversion of energy from flowing water into electricity. Modern hydro turbines can convert as much as 90% of the available energy into electricity. Hydroelectric power generates about 10% of the nation’s energy. Hydropower is fueled by water, so it’s a clean fuel source, meaning it won’t pollute the air like power plants that burn fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas.

3. TIDAL ENERGY

It is harnessed from the tides produced in the ocean. The turbine and generator converts the movement of water coming from change in tide, the kinetic energy, into electricity. Tidal Energy has an expensive initial cost which may be one of the reasons tidal energy is not a popular source of renewable energy.

4. SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy as energy obtained from the sun. Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source. It can be used in many appliances like Solar heat collectors, Solar cells, Solar cookers, Solar water heaters Solar power plant, Solar furnace.

Top 10 Residential Uses for Solar Energy

The Success Story of Jio

Although the richest Asian in the world, Mukesh Ambani said in 2018, “The idea of Jio was first seeded by my daughter, Isha, in 2011”, the real origin of Mukesh Ambani wanting to start a telecom company goes way back to 2002. The Reliance group first entered the telecom business with Reliance Infocomm in 2002, but then a cold war had begun between the brothers, Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani.

Three years later, unable to run the Reliance empire together, the brothers split up, ending a long business feud. It was their mother who divided the business between the two. While Mukesh Ambani got control over the exploration and production, petrochemicals, refineries and marketing under the name Reliance Industries, Anil Ambani got Reliance Energy, Reliance Infocomm, and Reliance Capital, and named his company Reliance-Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (R-Adag).

In 2006 the brothers signed a contract saying the two will not venture into markets that the other is in but this contract was discontinued in 2010 for various reasons, which in turn allowed Mukesh Ambani to finally venture into the telecommunications market.

Two weeks later, RIL bought 95% stake in Infotel Broadband Services, the only company to have won the auction of broadband spectrum for pan-India, for USD 1 Billion.

In 2013, RIL renamed Infotel Broadband Services as Reliance Jio Infocomm, becoming the only company to have a pan-India broadband spectrum, which it later used to roll out 4G services. But it took Reliance about six years to launch commercial mobile network services. But once it commercially launched in September 2016, it took the market by storm.

When Mukesh Ambani unveiled Jio in 2016, he announced Jio’s data, voice call and video call, and the many Jio applications, like JioTV, JioCinema, and JioMusic, among others, would be available for free till the end of the year, which was later, extended till March 2017.

Over the next three years, Reliance offered Jio services and 4G smartphones at extremely cheap prices, which resulted in Jio rising as the largest telecom operator with over 330 million subscribers in mid of 2019.

To expand its territories, between July 2016 and August 2019, Reliance acquired stakes in 18 companies in areas including artificial intelligence, media, entertainment, software simulation, logistics, and music streaming. During the ongoing pandemic he raised over USD 20 billion from global investors including tech giants like Facebook and Google.

Mukesh Ambani strategically transformed his telecom venture into a full-fledged digital tech platform, often compared to Jack Ma’s Alibaba in China. Unlike other Indian telecom giants, Airtel and Vodafone-Idea, Reliance never considered Jio as just a telecom venture.

Experts believe that this is just the beginning of the long and ambitious mission of Mukesh Ambani with Jio.

THE UNION LIST

OVERVIEW :-

When India got Independent in 1947 then at that time there was no rules and regulations of how the government of India will work. Therefore, The Constitution of India was designed and came into existence. The Constitution of India clearly defines the powers that resides with Central and State Governments. In the Seventh Schedule of Constitution of India there are 3 lists clearly mentioned to distribute powers between Central and State Governments. The 3 lists are – Union, State and Concurrent List. Out of which, Central Government powers are mentioned in Union List. It has total 90+ points mentioned which keeps on changing as per the Amendment in the Constitution by the Parliament.

CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

SUBJECTS MENTIONED IN THE UNION LIST :-

DEFENCE –

  1. The duty to defend India at the time of war and to safeguard the people of India during and after the war will reside with the Central Government.
  2. Naval, military and air forces; any other armed forces of the Union.
    [2A. Deployment of any armed force of the Union or any other force
    subject to the control of the Union or any contingent or unit thereof in any
    State in aid of the civil power; powers, jurisdiction, privileges and liabilities
    of the members of such forces while on such deployment.]
  3. Delimitation of cantonment areas, local self-government in such areas,
    the constitution and powers within such areas of cantonment authorities and
    the regulation of house accommodation (including the control of rents) in
    such areas.
  4. Naval, military and air force works.
  5. Arms, firearms, ammunition and explosives.
  6. Atomic energy and mineral resources necessary for its production.
  7. Industries declared by Parliament by law to be necessary for the
    purpose of defence or for the prosecution of war.
  8. Central Bureau of Intelligence and Investigation.
  9. Preventive detention for reasons connected with Defence, Foreign
    Affairs, or the security of India; persons subjected to such detention.
    FOREIGN AFFAIRS –
  10. Foreign affairs; all matters which bring the Union into relation with
    any foreign country.
  11. Diplomatic, consular and trade representation.
  12. United Nations Organisation.
  13. Participation in international conferences, associations and other
    bodies and implementing of decisions made thereat.
  14. Entering into treaties and agreements with foreign countries and
    implementing of treaties, agreements and conventions with foreign countries.
  15. War and peace.
  16. Foreign jurisdiction.
  17. Citizenship, naturalisation and aliens.
  18. Extradition.
  19. Admission into, and emigration and expulsion from, India; passports
    and visas.
  20. Pilgrimages to places outside India.
  21. Piracies and crimes committed on the high seas or in the air; offences
    against the law of nations committed on land or the high seas or in the air.
    TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION –
  22. Railways.
  23. Highways declared by or under law made by Parliament to be national
    highways.
  24. Shipping and navigation on inland waterways, declared by Parliament
    by law to be national waterways, as regards mechanically propelled vessels;
    the rule of the road on such waterways.
  25. Maritime shipping and navigation, including shipping and navigation
    on tidal waters; provision of education and training for the mercantile marine
    and regulation of such education and training provided by States and other
    agencies.
  26. Lighthouses, including lightships, beacons and other provision for
    the safety of shipping and aircraft.
  27. Ports declared by or under law made by Parliament or existing law
    to be major ports, including their delimitation, and the constitution and
    powers of port authorities therein.
  28. Port quarantine, including hospitals connected therewith; seamen’s
    and marine hospitals.
  29. Airways; aircraft and air navigation; provision of aerodromes;
    regulation and organisation of air traffic and of aerodromes; provision for
    aeronautical education and training and regulation of such education and
    training provided by States and other agencies.
  30. Carriage of passengers and goods by railway, sea or air, or by national
    waterways in mechanically propelled vessels.
  31. Posts and telegraphs; telephones, wireless, broadcasting and other
    like forms of communication.
  32. Property of the Union and the revenue therefrom, but as regards
    property situated in a State 1*** subject to legislation by the State, save in so
    far as Parliament by law otherwise provides.

  1. Courts of wards for the estates of Rulers of Indian States.
    TRADES, BANKING AND COMMERCE –
  2. Public debt of the Union.
  3. Currency, coinage and legal tender; foreign exchange.
  4. Foreign loans.
  5. Reserve Bank of India.
  6. Post Office Savings Bank.
  7. Lotteries organised by the Government of India or the Government of
    a State.
  8. Trade and commerce with foreign countries; import and export across
    customs frontiers; definition of customs frontiers.
  9. Inter-State trade and commerce.
  10. Incorporation, regulation and winding up of trading corporations,
    including banking, insurance and financial corporations, but not including
    co-operative societies.
  11. Incorporation, regulation and winding up of corporations, whether
    trading or not, with objects not confined to one State, but not including
    universities.
  12. Banking.
  13. Bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes and other like instruments.
  14. Insurance.
  15. Stock exchanges and futures markets.
  16. Patents, inventions and designs; copyright; trade-marks and
    merchandise marks.
  17. Establishment of standards of weight and measure.
  18. Establishment of standards of quality for goods to be exported out of
    India or transported from one State to another.
  19. Industries, the control of which by the Union is declared by Parliament
    by law to be expedient in the public interest.
  20. Regulation and development of oilfields and mineral oil resources;
    petroleum and petroleum products; other liquids and substances declared by
    Parliament by law to be dangerously inflammable.
  21. Regulation of mines and mineral development to the extent to which
    such regulation and development under the control of the Union is declared
    by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest.
  22. Regulation of labour and safety in mines and oilfields.
  23. Regulation and development of inter-State rivers and river valleys to
    the extent to which such regulation and development under the control of
    the Union is declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public
    interest.
  24. Fishing and fisheries beyond territorial waters.
  25. Manufacture, supply and distribution of salt by Union agencies;
    regulation and control of manufacture, supply and distribution of salt by
    other agencies.
  26. Cultivation, manufacture, and sale for export, of opium.
  27. Sanctioning of cinematograph films for exhibition.
  28. Industrial disputes concerning Union employees.
    EDUCATION AND PRESERVATION OF HERITAGE SITES –
  29. The institutions known at the commencement of this Constitution as
    the National Library, the Indian Museum, the Imperial War Museum, the
    Victoria Memorial and the Indian War Memorial, and any other like institution
    financed by the Government of India wholly or in part and declared by
    Parliament by law to be an institution of national importance.
  30. The institutions known at the commencement of this Constitution as
    the Benares Hindu University, the Aligarh Muslim University and the 1
    [Delhi
    University; the University established in pursuance of article 371E;] any other
    institution declared by Parliament by law to be an institution of national importance.
  31. Institutions for scientific or technical education financed by the
    Government of India wholly or in part and declared by Parliament by law to
    be institutions of national importance.
  32. Union agencies and institutions for—
    (a) professional, vocational or technical training, including the
    training of police officers; or
    (b) the promotion of special studies or research; or
    (c) scientific or technical assistance in the investigation or detection
    of crime.
  33. Co-ordination and determination of standards in institutions for higher
    education or research and scientific and technical institutions.
  34. Ancient and historical monuments and records, and archaeological
    sites and remains, 1
    [declared by or under law made by Parliament] to be of
    national importance.
  35. The Survey of India, the Geological, Botanical, Zoological and
    Anthropological Surveys of India; Meteorological organisations.
    JURISDICTION AND OTHER SERVICES –
  36. Census.
  37. Union Public Service; All-India Services; Union Public Service
    Commission.
  38. Union pensions, that is to say, pensions payable by the Government
    of India or out of the Consolidated Fund of India.
  39. Elections to Parliament, to the Legislatures of States and to the offices
    of President and Vice-President; the Election Commission.
  40. Salaries and allowances of members of Parliament, the Chairman and
    Deputy Chairman of the Council of States and the Speaker and Deputy
    Speaker of the House of the People.
  41. Powers, privileges and immunities of each House of Parliament and
    of the members and the Committees of each House; enforcement of attendance
    of persons for giving evidence or producing documents before committees of
    Parliament or commissions appointed by Parliament.
  42. Emoluments, allowances, privileges, and rights in respect of leave of
    absence, of the President and Governors; salaries and allowances of the Ministers for the Union; the salaries, allowances, and rights in respect of leave
    of absence and other conditions of service of the Comptroller and Auditor-
    General.
  43. Audit of the accounts of the Union and of the States.
  44. Constitution, organisation, jurisdiction and powers of the Supreme
    Court (including contempt of such Court), and the fees taken therein; persons
    entitled to practise before the Supreme Court.
  45. Constitution and organisation 1
    [(including vacations)] of the High
    Courts except provisions as to officers and servants of High Courts; persons
    entitled to practise before the High Courts.
    2
    [79. Extension of the jurisdiction of a High Court to, and exclusion of the
    jurisdiction of a High Court from, any Union territory.]
  46. Extension of the powers and jurisdiction of members of a police force
    belonging to any State to any area outside that State, but not so as to enable
    the police of one State to exercise powers and jurisdiction in any area outside
    that State without the consent of the Government of the State in which such
    area is situated; extension of the powers and jurisdiction of members of a
    police force belonging to any State to railway areas outside that State.
  47. Inter-State migration; inter-State quarantine.
    TAXES –
  48. Taxes on income other than agricultural income.
  49. Duties of customs including export duties.
  50. Duties of excise on tobacco and other goods manufactured or produced
    in India except—
    (a) alcoholic liquors for human consumption;
    (b) opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs and narcotics,
    but including medicinal and toilet preparations containing alcohol or any
    substance included in sub-paragraph (b) of this entry.
  51. Corporation tax.
  52. Taxes on the capital value of the assets, exclusive of agricultural land,
    of individuals and companies; taxes on the capital of companies.
  53. Estate duty in respect of property other than agricultural land.
  54. Duties in respect of succession to property other than agricultural
    land.
  55. Terminal taxes on goods or passengers, carried by railway, sea or air;
    taxes on railway fares and freights.
  56. Taxes other than stamp duties on transactions in stock exchanges
    and futures markets.
  57. Rates of stamp duty in respect of bills of exchange, cheques,
    promissory notes, bills of lading, letters of credit, policies of insurance, transfer
    of shares, debentures, proxies and receipts.
  58. Taxes on the sale or purchase of newspapers and on advertisements
    published therein.
    1
    [92A. Taxes on the sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers,
    where such sale or purchase takes place in the course of inter-State trade or
    commerce.]
    2
    [92B. Taxes on the consignments of goods (whether the consignment is
    to the person making it or to any other person), where such consignment takes
    place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce.]
    *[92C. Taxes on services.]
  59. Offences against laws with respect to any of the matters in this List.
  60. Inquiries, surveys and statistics for the purpose of any of the matters
    in this List.
  61. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the Supreme Court, with
    respect to any of the matters in this List; admiralty jurisdiction.
  62. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this List, but not including fees
    taken in any court.
  63. Any other matter not enumerated in List II or List III including any other taxes that is not mentioned in those Lists.

*Reference of these subjects is taken from The Constitution of India.

Links :-

https://legislative.gov.in/constitution-of-india

Acid Attacks : The women in danger

Acid Attacks …why??? The person you love if doesn’t love you back you will do the shameless act!!!!! Why People are mute .. why they don’t talk about this ruthless act…… The Perpetrators of these attacks throw corrosive liquids at their victims, usually at their faces, burning them, and damaging skin tissue , often exposing and sometimes dissolving the bones. Acid attacks can often lead to permanent blindness.

IN INDIA

In India, acid attacks are at an all-time high and increasing every year, with 250–300 reported incidents every year, while the “actual number could exceed 1,000, according to Acid Survivors’ Trust International”.

THE MOTIVES OF PERPETRATORS

Some of the most common motivations of perpetrators include:

Personal conflict regarding intimate relationships and sexual rejection
Sexual-related jealousy and lust
Revenge for refusal of sexual advances, proposals of marriage, and demands for dowry
Racial motivations
Social, political, and religious motivations
Gang violence and rivalry
Anti-minority discrimination
Conflicts over land ownership, farm animals, housing, and property

ARE WOMEN SAFE

Are women safe?????? I question again are women safe in our motherland. Every day each and every women wears a shroud of fear , staying alert and trying to fight all the odds of attacks. Maybe it’s molestation,attacks, rape , why!!!men why ?? Why do we forget we all came from the womb of some woman who fought for 9months just to give birth to someone who will make another woman’s life hell.. NO NO NO… We all have to fight against the odds of the men where our mother our sister our lover becomes a part of a ruthless act killing them mentally, Physically, emotionally and most importantly the way in which society see her changes …let’s us all come together to fight the demons and kill the devil’s threating our goddesses…I am taking vow of fighting the Maoists and I request all of you to be together to create a better place to live….

Top 5 world’s most valuable company.

There are many top companies in the world. But we will look at the top 5 companies in the world by there revenue. In this blog we are going see the companies like Google, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Samsung etc. Here are the top 5 companies based on the market capitalization, brand value and sales values.

  1. Apple

Undoubtedly Apple, is the number one company in the world with $2.17 Trillion market capitalization. Apple is the American Multinational technology company that specializes in consumer electronics. Apple is the only company with over $2 trillion market capitalization in this world. It has the sales value $267.7 billion USD. It was founded on 1st April 1976 by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne, and Steve Wozniak. Apple headquarter is located at cupertino, California USA. The apple’s Iphone is the most sold phone in the world. Apple products such Iphone, Macintosh, Apple TV are most famous and well known for its brand. Tim cook is the current CEO of Apple. It has currently 137,000 employees in it.

2. Amazon

Amazon comes second in our list with $1.67 Trillion market capitalization. Amazon is a american multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and digital streaming. Jeff Bezos founded amazon in 1994.The sales value of amazon is $296.6 Billion. Amazon headquarter is located at Seattle, Washington DC, USA. Andy jassy is the current CEO of amazon. The brand value of amazon is $254.1 Billion. It currently have 780,000 employees in it.

3. Google

Google comes third in top 10 companies with $1.59 Trillion market capitalization. Google LLC is a American Multinational technology company that specializes in internet related service like search engine, cloud computing and online advertising. Larry page and Sergey Brin founded google in 1996.The brand value of Google is $191.22 Billion. The headquarters of Google is located at Mountain view, California, USA. Sunder Pichai is the current CEO of Google. It currently have 140,000 employees in it.

4. Microsoft

Microsoft comes fourth in list with $1.9 Trillion market capitalization. Microsoft is a American Multinational technology company which produces computer software and personal computers. Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft in 1975. The brand value of Microsoft is $140.6 Billion and sales value is $138.6 Billion. The headquarters of Microsoft is located at Redmond, Washington, USA. Satya Nadella is the current CEO of Microsoft. It currently has 144,000 employees in it. It has its office in more than 100 countries.

5. Samsung

Samsung comes fifth in our list with $278.8 Billion market capitalization. Samsung is a South Korean Multinational Electronic company. Lee Byung-chul is the founder of Samsung company. Samsung phone is one of the most popular phone in the world. The brand value of Samsung is $102.46 Billion and the sales value is $197.6 Billion. The headquarters of Samsung is located at Seoul, South Korea. Samsung has three CEO’s they are Ki Nam Kim, Hyun Suk Kim, and Dong Jin Koh. It currently has 105,000 employees in it. It has its office in more than 70 countries.

These are the top 5 most valuable companies in the world. That’ll from my side. I hope you like it. Thank you.

World Day for International Justice

World day for International Justice is observed on 17th July every year, also known as International Justice Day. It is a day which brings together all the people who support justice, advocate victims’ rights, and find aid in the prevention of crime that threatens world’s peace, safety, and well being. July 17 is the date of the adoption of the treaty that created the International Criminal Court. On 1 June 2010, at the Review Conference of the Rome Statute held in Kampala (Uganda), the Assembly of State Parties decided to celebrate 17 July as the Day of International Criminal Justice. 

Each year, people around the world use this day to host events to promote international criminal justice, especially support for the International Criminal Court. 

History  

This day is designated as World Day for International Justice since it marks the 20th anniversary of the Rome Statute’s adoption in 1998. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was formed with the aid of this treaty. Since that day in 1998, 139 nations have signed the court’s treaty, and over 80 countries, representing every area of the world, have recognized it. 

Theme  

This year’s World Social Justice Day subject is “social justice in the digital economy”. Technological developments over the last decade have aided humans in navigating the perilous terrain of a globe ravaged by Covid-19. Employees were able to work from home because of what the UN refers to as “digital labor platforms,” which gave “income-generating possibilities and advantages from flexible work arrangements.” However, this has compounded concerns about the regularity of employment and income, the ability to organize or join trade unions, and the utilization of skills. 

Significance  

This day is observed because it is critical to raise public awareness and unity in favor of justice, as well as to promote victims’ rights. This day also draws individuals from all around the world to focus on critical concerns. It defends individuals from various crimes and cautions those who endanger the nation’s peace, security, and well-being. 

Various activities are being held throughout the world to celebrate this day and to promote the International Criminal Court (ICC). This day is also promoted by a number of news outlets, newspapers, and radio stations. Several organizational groups draw people’s attention to certain concerns such as violence against women, genocide, and so on. 

Cinema and youth of India

Cinema is a huge industry in itself. Indian cinema is considered more spicy and entertaining. Television shows, bollywood and tollywood are the industries of cinema. It is a long journey of success and luck. 

When cinema started in India.

In India cinema started on 7 July 1896 by the lumiere brothers at watson hotels in Mumbai. They made a showcase of six films at that time.

Cinema was a combination of motion pictures. Earlier there was no sound in movies. The whole story of movie dialogue time was dictated by a person. Dadasheb phalke was the first who was introduced in Indian cinema. He produced and directed the movie “Raja harishchandra. It was the first silent movie of our nation. All the characters were male. Dadasaheb phalke also known as the father of the Indian cinema.  

Evolution  in cinema 

Evolution of cinema in India is just as dramatic as the cinema itself. You must have read about the Darwin evolution theory. In the late 1910s we found our first mute film and in 1931 ardeshir irani introduced the first sound movie alam ara. 

The first coloured movie was kisan kahaniya in 1937.

The 1960s is known as the golden era of cinema. 1960 was the time when we got many pictures and legendary actors and actresses. Earlier the involvement of the women in cinema was absent. That was the belief of the people that women should not appear on television. They would be objectified if they showed themselves on screen.  Drugabai Kamat (marathi) was the first female actress of Indian cinema.

Fight, love, action and song are always part of the cinema. Earlier graphics were not used. So-called heroism always dominates the cinema. 

Youth of India and cinema

Cinema is always loved by every generation of India. Cinema provides the material for all generation needs. Cartoons for children, love and motivational content for youth and religious content for older. 

But the youth of India is impacted more than others. They are really influenced by the movies and TV series. Movies like Triranga, border, tango chalier and many other army based movies invoke the feeling of nationalism. They want to choose the army. Bhagwan, khani ghar ghar ki, swarg all the movies which made us realise that our elders do so much for us. How  we should treat them when they grow old.  Youth is really inspired by what they see in the cinema. They start to carry that behaviour. 

Eve teasing or following a girl is something heroic in the cinema. As a result most of the youth do the same. But they forget that the movie is just a fiction of a person’s mind. The luxurious life which shows up in the movies also is a dream of youth. We often see people say that I copy the style of karina, katrina or any other actress. Even the choices of youth, their mindset is also influenced by the cinema. Young boys and girls consider that love is greater than anything. They learn from cinema that a career oriented person is selfish. Workaholics and successful people are rude and especially that one day you met a person who fell in love, left your career, still you became rich and returned back to your family and love. I am not denying that this couldn’t be true but the journey of success took time.

Youth of India spend most of their time on streaming aur watching movies. If the content is more science based, it could be the best combination of learning. Because motion pictures work with imagination.