Month: August 2021

Role of science in making india

New green pasture beckons

In the last few years, science has helped a lot in the development of India. Science has contributed to all the sectors. Science has improved the global economy, increased employment opportunities, saved millions of lives and has played a major role in a lot of industries. Science is very important for the growth and development of India. It even plays a key role in our daily lives. Every country should invest as much as possible in research and development for scientific technologies. In this essay on the role of science in making India we will see how science has helped India to grow in different sectors.

How Indian Scientists have Helped India Grow?

When it comes to Indian Scientists, the first name comes to my mind is CV Raman. CV Raman was the first Asian who won the Nobel Prize. His work was related to light and sound. He investigated that when light passes through a transparent material, some of the deflected light waves see the change in its amplitude and wavelength.

APJ Abdul Kalam is the second name that comes in my mind in Indian Scientists. APJ Abdul Kalam worked as an Aerospace engineer with ISRO and DRDO. He was also president of India from 2002 to 2007. Abdul Kalam contributed a lot to Aerospace. One of the contributions is deploying Rohini Satellite near Earth’s orbit. A few more names are Homi Bhabha, Visvesvaraya, V Radhakrishnan, Satyendra Nath Bose and many more… 

Seven Defining S&T Contributions That Have Impacted Every Indian - The India Saga

How has Science Increased Employment Opportunities?

Whenever any new technology is discovered it leads to new industries. For example, if any new scientific device is invented it will require eligible professionals to control the device. Such inventions help in increasing employment opportunities. This also helps in growth in many businesses which in turn develops the Indian economy.

Curing Diseases and Saving Lives

In the last few years, medical science has evolved so much and saved billions of lives. New technologies like wireless brain sensors, artificial organs, smart inhalers, robotic surgery, virtual reality are making work easier for thousands of doctors around the world. And also these technologies are saving millions of lives and curing diseases. 

Role in Agriculture Sector

Science has played a very major role in the Agriculture sector. Food is one of the basic needs of our lives. And science has now invented so many new agriculture techniques which have increased production drastically. The old mundane techniques farmers used to follow was very slow, expensive, and required too much effort.

National Technology Day 2021: Science and technology for a sustainable future - The Financial Express

Science has made everything a lot easier for farmers. Improved facilities in irrigation, modern fertilizers, advanced equipment, and pesticides are all helping farmers to work faster, and save more money. 

Conclusion

Science has helped us a lot in many ways and it will keep helping. Everyone should not only invest as much as possible in science and technology but also should stay aware of all new technologies developed around the world. 

VEDAS

The word Veda means Knowledge. Vedas are the earliest piece of literature that was written in the Sanskrit language. These were handed down from one generation to the other orally by the pandits who learned this from their ancestors. Even if there were no facilities to preserve the Vedas through the art of writing, it is preserved by transmitting to the generations orally. In Hindu culture, Vedas are considered spiritual and everlasting revelations. Vedas come under Shruti which means what is being heard. There are four Vedas, each of which was composed of different ages. However, it is believed that it always existed and sages chanted this in their deep meditative states. The four Vedas are – Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda and Atharva Veda.

RIG VEDA

The earliest of Vedas is the Rig Veda. It is a set of 1028 hymns in Vedic Sanskrit. Many of those are beautiful descriptions of nature. The prayers in this seek prosperity and well developed and cultured society. It is believed that these compositions are the natural outburst of Vedic rishis when they went through the mental transcendental stage. Some of the prominent rishis of this period are Vasistha, Gautama, Gritasamada, Vamadeva, Vishvamitra and Atri. Indra, Agni, Varun, Rudra, Aditya, Vayu, Aditi, and Ashwini twins are the eminent gods of this Veda whereas Usha (the goddess of dawn), Vak (the goddess of speech), and Prithvi (the goddess of earth) are the notable goddess of the Rig Veda. Do you know that the majority of the hymns spoke of universally recognized higher values of life like truthfulness, honesty, dedication, sacrifice, politeness, and culture? Rig Veda also provides knowledge about the social, political, and financial conditions of ancient India apart from religion.

YAJUR VEDA

The word Yajur means sacrifice or veneration. This Veda is mostly related to Rites and mantras of different sacrifices. It tells the directions and ways to conduct the yajnas. It is a mixture of both prose and poetry. Being a treatise on rituals, it’s the foremost popular of the four Vedas. Yajur Veda has two main divisions called Shukla and Krishna Yajur Veda i.e., Vajasaneyi Samhita and Taitriya Samhita. This mainly talks about the social and religious aspects of India at that time.

SAMA VEDA 

The term Sama means melody or songs. This contains the tunes for the recitation of Hymns. Sama Veda is mainly of 16,000 ragas and raginis which means musical notes. Only 75 verses out of 1875 verses are original and others belong to the Rig Veda. However, the Sama Veda gives the tunes for the recitation of the hymns of the Rig Veda. It may be called the book of Chants (Saman). This book stands as evidence of Indian music during this era.

ATHARVA VEDA

The Atharva Veda is also called the Brahma Veda. It talks about the treatment for ninety-nine diseases. This Veda is originated from the 2 rishis called Atharvah and Angiras. The Atharva Veda is of immense value because it represents the religious ideas at an early period of civilization. It consists of two main branches namely, Paipaddala and Saunaka. This book gives detailed information about the family, social and political life of the later Vedic period. To know the Vedas, it becomes mandatory to know the Vedangas, the limbs of the Vedas. The Vedangas talk about Siksha (education), Vyakarana (grammar), Kalpa (rituals), Nirukta (etymology), Chhanda (metrics), and Jyotisha (astronomy). 

Each Veda is composed of 4 parts: The Mantra-Samhitas or hymns, The Brahmanas or explanations of Mantras or rituals, Aranyakas, and Upanishads. The division of the Vedas into four parts is to suit the four stages during a man’s life.

Same Sex Marriages

Sex is a biological term that differentiates between two biologically different human beings; the Male and the Female. When we talk about same sex marriages, we are intending to a sacred union of two people belonging to the same sex. This union can be seen when two females get married to each other or when two males get married to each other. It is not the sex or gender that binds two souls together but love and care for each other.

As we all know, love comes in all form. So, it be wrong to say a person cannot marry someone just because they are not from the opposite sex. The world is evolving more than ever and we need to keep up with times. We should not shun the concept of same sex marriage anymore.

In other words, gone are the days when people had to ashamed because of their sexuality. In today’s accepting world, we must make way for every human being irrespective of their gender. One needs to realise that there are more than two genders. The society needs to be more inclusive of the people. It will make the world a happier place when everyone feels that they are accepted and appreciated.

Same sex marriages are not a trend or western influence that is adapted by the society. Same sex attraction has existed from ancient times. It was not openly a d vividly talked about due to tha lack of knowledge and understandings. It is still a taboo in most of the world. With the struggle for these activities, it has now become possible for the same sex couples to be free and enjoy equal rights in some countries. It is our responsibility to educate ourselves and the world so that the same sex couples do not face discrimination.

Same sex marriages are ridiculed at most parts of the world by society. These type of marriages need to welcomed with joy, and the same sex couples must not be subjected to discrimination. Marrying anyone is basic fundamental right, thus, not allowing the same sex couples to get married is deciding them of their basic human right. We, as society, must take care that the LGBTQ+ community are not devoid of their fundamental rights and are treated with respect with everybody else.

Same sex marriages in India especially are not encouraged. There are ma y countries which have stringent laws against it yet the people are open-minded. In India, neither are the laws lenient but the people are also very narrow-minded.

Most importantly, they never give them a chance to prove themselves. Indian society does not like to change. It is not as adaptable as western countries. India still needs time to be okay with the concept of same sex marriage.

However, not knowing about the concept is a different thing and completely opposing is different. Not only in India, but in other countries, people do not support same sex marriage because they think it is against their religion.

Thus, this creates a lot of problems for them. People do not want the LGBTQ+ community to get the right to marry their lovers. This takes away their very basic human rights. The LGBTQ+ community has fought for a long time for their rights. We must not be against of any form of love, be it same sex marriage or anything else.

In India, same sex marriages are yet to be legalised. On 6th September 2018, the Supreme Court of India discrimalised gay sex marking a historic judgement in the Indian judiciary. The court also defined love to be without boundaries. This historic judgement is a result of prolonged protests and sufferings. It was welcomed and celebrated by the country with joy.

Online Classes : Boon or Bane?

Coronavirus is changing the world in unprecedented ways. COVID-19 has its impact on all segments of life. It has also strongly affected whole education system. The sudden impact of corona pandemic in our country not only affects the global economy but harshly damaged our physical, social and mental well-being. The whole education system has been suddenly shifted digitally which is a huge challenge for both the students and teachers. The education system has been turned upside down. Students tend to lose their interest in online learning and it’s very challenging for the engagement of students.  

Online education has also proven to be a boon for people who were craving for some ‘me time’ amidst this hustle of life. This could be a great time to work on getting regular sleep, regular exercise, healthy nutrition, and getting regular work hours. We can finally enjoy that hobby that we never got around to. Online classes can often be more cost-effective than traditional classes and can be done at a pace the student is comfortable with.

Advantages of Online Classes

  1.  Online classes are convenient.

The biggest advantage of an online classes is that your classroom and instructor (theoretically) are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Your only excuse for missing class is not getting online. Otherwise, everything is available to you. You can get announcements, access notes, review assignments, take practice quizzes, discuss questions, chat with fellow students and study any time you want. Other than certain due dates, you make your own schedule for completing the requirements of the course.

2. Online classes offer flexibility.

You can study any time you want. You can study with whomever you want. You can study wearing anything you want. Online courses give you the flexibility to spend time with work, family, friends, significant others or any other activity you like.

3. Online classes offer flexibility.

You can study any time you want. You can study with whomever you want. You can study wearing anything you want. Online courses give you the flexibility to spend time with work, family, friends, significant others or any other activity you like.

4. Online classes have financial benefits.

Although you may think that buying a computer and paying for Internet access is pretty expensive, consider what it would cost you to reach to the campus. Consider the costs of eating out versus eating at home. These are very tangible benefits of having access to education at home.

5. Online courses teach you to be self-disciplined.

Most of us put off the things we need to do until the very last moment. When it comes to education, the last moment is the worst possible moment to learn. Sometimes that lesson is learned the hard way in the form of poor performance on an exam or assignment. But ultimately, you succeed because you realize the importance of doing things on time or even ahead of time. That self-realization propels your success in an online course. No one is there looking over your shoulder to tell you to go online and study. No one is there to make you ask questions or post responses. The motivation to study in an online course comes from you. It’s something we call student-centered or active learning. The online student takes responsibility for their course of studies and matures into an individual for whom learning and accomplishment are highly valued. In short, your success depends on you.

Disadvantages of Online Classes

  1. Online classes make it easier to procrastinate.

Procrastination will chop you to bits in an online course. There is no one to tell you to get to class on time. There is no one reminding you that assignments are due or that exams are coming. It’s easy to put off reading and assignments in the online environment. Before you know it, weeks have gone by, you haven’t done any homework and its exam time.

2. Online classes require you to be responsible for your own learning.

Only you are responsible for your learning. No one can force it on you. No one can make you study. Teachers can share a little knowledge and experience, show you a few tools and hope you get it. The spark and desire to pursue your dreams must be yours. So, the real disadvantage is that you might not own up to it. You might not take responsibility for your studies and your goals. You might get way behind and never catch up.

3. Online classes require more time than on-campus classes.

Believe it or not, you will spend more time studying and completing assignments in the online environment than you will in an on-campus course. If you are sitting in a classroom, it’s likely that you’ll miss a good percentage of what the teacher says, no matter how focused you are. It’s human nature to zone out for brief periods of time. When you are reading, you will have a tendency to go back over the notes if you miss something and that takes more time. The point is that you will likely learn more in an online environment, but you will have to make a greater effort to accomplish that learning.

4. Online classes may create a sense of isolation.

In an online class, no one can hear you scream. And that causes discomfort for some online students. Studying alone with only the computer as your companion can be terrifying. There’s no whispering in the back of the room, no commanding presence at the front of the classroom pleading for everyone to listen. The online environment is a much different atmosphere that takes some getting used to.

5. Lack of communicational skill development in online students

E-Learning methods are proven to be highly effective at improving the academic knowledge of the students. However, developing the communicational skills of the students is an area often neglected during online lessons. Due to the lack of face-to-face communication between peers, students and teachers in an online setting, the students might find that they are unable to work effectively in a team setting. Neglecting the communicational skills of the students will inevitably lead to many graduates who excel in theoretical knowledge, but who fail to pass their knowledge on to others.

BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS: Mobile Banking

Advantages 

On these days we do our daily stuff with the help of our mobile phones, that also includes banking. Mobile banking is a free, convenient way to keep up with your finances.

Some of the advantages of using mobile banking are the following:

AVAILABILITY

There are no working hours or operations or particular requirements for mobile banking, customers can check their account, move money, pay bills and various other banking processes with the help of mobile banking. It is available 24*7 for the customers.

PAPERLESS

No one enjoys getting bank statements in the mail. With the help of mobile banking, there is no need for the customer to receive junk mail from the bank. It’s also safer because you are no longer having to get away from sensitive information into the trash.

CONTROL

Mobile banking makes it so easy to have complete control over your finances. You can monitor your balances and move money between accounts to avoid overdraft fees. With bill pay you can alert when it’s time to pay to avoid late fees, or set up recurring bill payments and not have to think about it.

SAFE

Mobile banking is safer and secure. All reputable banks and financial institutions use encryption to safeguard and protect your privacy and identity information on mobile apps.

TIME SAVING

It is time saving because we don’t want to visit the particular bank to do our banking process. We can do it with the help of mobile banking.

HELPS YOU TO TRACK YOUR FINANCES

Managing an account through your mobile also puts you in charge of your money and helps you better to know your financial standing. You can always monitor your account balance and transfer money from a different account if needed be. You can check your balance and statement at any time.

MINIMIZE ERRORS

A comprehensive mobile banking will reduce errors that users make. There hasn’t been a better time to get familiar with mobile banking as indeed, this is the only way forward. 

DISADVANTAGES

OPERATING EXPENSES

It tends to be high in traditional banking, since in addition to having administrative offices, they also have offices to serve their clients in person. Among its main operating expenses are: 

  • Paying rents from the premises where they operate
  • Payment of public services and security
  • Expenses in stationary and issuance of the plastics (for making debit and credit cards)

MOVE TO OFFICES AT CERTAIN TIMES

In case of making a transfer or other type of management, in many cases physical presence must be made in the bank’s office and within the business hours established by the bank, which is considered as a great disadvantage. 

SLOW PROCESSES

Another disadvantage is the slowest process held in the organization. Another demonstration of the slow process time that transactions between different banks usually take.

HIGH COMMISSIONS

In general, traditional banking commissions are high due to higher operating expenses, which makes many of their products or services more expensive compared to other products or fintech companies.

LOW STIMULUS TO SAVINGS

Due to lower interest rates that traditional banks usually pay their savings to the clients if there is a low saving stimulus. This is because traditional banking promotes more bank loans and they are the ones that generate more interest and collection fees, which allows them to create more fiat money and have more profits.

LIMITATION IN ONLINE BANKING

Although traditional banking is using some functions of online banking, the latter is still limited. For example, in many cases this service is conditioned to the use of some of its product. There is also the problem of limits on amount to be transferred in addition to difficulties or restriction in transferring money to other countrie

CONCLUSION

As smartphones become more commonly used, and their capabilities expand, they may increasingly be the means consumers use to access financial services and manage their finances. Their constant presence also makes them a potentially useful tool for the delivery of just in time financial information or as in decision making. 

Given the prevalence of mobile phones, particularly smartphones among minorities, low-income individuals, and younger generations, mobile technology has the potential to empower consumers and expand access to financial services for underserved populations.

The use of mobile banking has increased by more than a third in the past year, and it appears likely to continue to increase as more and more consumers use smartphones. While still small, the use of mobile phones to make payments at the point of sale has increased even more rapidly. Over a quarter of mobile phone users express some interest in using their phones to make payments at the point of sale, giving mobile payments substantial growth potential as the ability to make these payments becomes more widespread.

The two factors limiting consumer adoption of mobile banking and payments are concerns about the security of the technology and a sense that they don’t offer any real benefits to the user over existing methods for banking or making payments. With regards to security, consumers have actually become more likely in the past year to report that they simply don’t know how safe it is to use mobile banking, suggesting that consumers need to be provided with reliable and accurate information on the level of security associated with the various means of accessing mobile banking. In terms of the value proposition to consumers, the significant number of mobile users who reported an interest in using their phones to receive discounts, coupons, and promotions or to track rewards and loyalty points suggests that tying these services to a mobile payment service would increase the attractiveness of mobile phones as a means of payment.

5 Writs in Indian Constitution

Know about how to voice for your rights, legal bounds, and solve wrong conducts or mistakes by legal officials.

Writs! What do you mean by writs?

In common law, a writ is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction; in modern usage, this body is generally a court. Warrants, prerogative writs, and subpoenas are common types of writ, but many forms exist and have existed.

Why are Writs needed?

It is a constitutional remedy available to a person to bring his complaint or grievance against any administrative action to the notice of the court.

Types of Writs:

  • Writ of Habeas Corpus
  • Writ of Mandamus
  • Writ of Certiora
  • Writ of Prohibition
  • Writ of Quo-Warranto,

WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

It is also known as the “great writ”

Habeas Corpus means “Let us have the body.”. In other words, it means “you may have the body” which means that a person under arrest is to be brought before a judge or into court. It is an important writ for personal liberty. A person, who is arrested, can move the Court for the issue of Habeas Corpus. 

It is an order by a Court to the detaining authority to produce the arrested person before it so that it may examine whether the person has been detained lawfully or not. It ensures that a prisoner can be released from detention if the Court is convinced that the person is illegally detained—that is, detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence.

The person under arrest or any another person on his behalf can file a writ in this. Formal and informal applications in respect of the writ is accepted by the Courts. It is only a procedural remedy and does not necessarily protect other rights, such as the entitlement to a fair trial. A person cannot make the application for the Writ successively to different judges of the same court. 

In India, writs are issued by the Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Constitution of India and by the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution of India.

Writ of Mandamus:

Mandamus means “We Command”. Mandamus is an order from a superior court to a lower court or tribunal or public authority to perform an act, within its duty. In short, it is an order to perform a duty which should have done but failed to do so.  It is the discretionary power of a court. It is simply to ensure rights are ensured and the Government Authorities perform their duties.

The writ of mandamus can be granted when there is right to compel the performance of some duty cast upon the authority. It can also be issued to public authority to restrain it from acting under a law which has been declared unconstitutional. The petitioner has a right recognized by law.

The writ cannot be granted when

  • Duty is not compulsory.
  • Against a private individual, private organization since they are not entrusted with public duty. 
  • To enforce an obligation arising out of contract.
  • Where the right of the petitioner has lapsed

Writ of Certiora

Certiorari means to be certified. The Writ of Certiorari can be issued by the Supreme Court or any High Court for retracting the order which is already passed by an inferior court and to properly investigate the matter and opinions objectively. A writ of certiorari is only granted when a Court has acted without or in excess of its jurisdiction and For correcting error of law. It cannot lie to remove merely ministerial act or to remove/cancel executive administrative acts. It is corrective in nature which means the purpose of this Writ is to correct an error.

When there is an error apparent on the record, it becomes a valid ground for issuing the Writ of Certiorari.

Certiorari can be resorted to only after the order or decision has been announced.

Writ of Prohibition

Writ of prohibition means to cease or to stop. it is also known as a ‘Stay Order’. When a lower court or a body tries to perform an action outside its jurisdiction, This Writ issued by a superior court to lower court or a tribunal to prohibit or forbidden it to do so. The Supreme Court can issue this Writ only where a fundamental right is affected.

In cases where the court is partly acting within its jurisdiction and partly outside it, the Writ will be issued against the act which is partly outside its jurisdiction. This Writ can be issued only when the proceedings are pending in the inferior court and not when an order has already been passed by that court. The Writ of Certiorari can be issued only when the order has passed.

Writ of Quo-Warranto

The word Quo-Warranto literally means “by what warrants?” and ‘by what authority’. It is issued restraining a person from acting in a public office to which is out of bounds. The business or the office in question is public office. The issue of summon is followed by legal proceedings, during which an individual’s right to hold an office or governmental privilege is challenged. 

Grounds on what it is issued.

The nature of the duties which arises from this office is public. The person against whom the Writ is sought to be issued is in actual possession of the office and is using such office.

Challenges Faced : Mobile Banking

Challenges Faced 

  • Customer awareness: because of lack of data and awareness regarding mobile banking is  a reason for less trust in mobile banking services and it’s conjointly one more reason for risk and security issue in mobile banking which is a result of this can be new technology in banking and financial set-up therefore all banking client aren’t aware of it and feel risk to adopt it therefore it’s conjointly a big challenge before of mobile banking services in India.
  • Security problems & privacy: there’s security of mobile banking services is massive issue and challenges. In mobile banking for the safety purpose PIN or countersign is employed which can be steal by the offender or unauthorized user if mobile device has loss or steal therefore user got to aware about it. Customers are use sensitive information and data in mobile therefore here risk with pass of a legitimate application as a result of application service are provided by third party it’s going to steal our info and send it to a different third party therefore we’ve to aware of applications used for WAP mobile banking services and transfer a legitimate and authorize application for group action with mobile banking services.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  • Virus & malware attack: there’s conjointly risk with virus and malware attack it’s going to access your account info equivalent to username, countersign and alternative info like in computing system there’s conjointly risk on virus and malware attacks on mobile banking services some  codes are written to default mobile banking like Zeus has used for attacks on SMS banking and Zeus used for steal mobile group action authentication equivalent to password and pin number. therefore it’s a conjointly massive security issue and challenge in mobile banking services.
  • Wireless network: All method of mobile banking service is finished in wireless mode therefore there’s conjointly a security risk in mobile banking services mobile device element contact with cell website and dedicated circuit and microwave for the communication services therefore if there’s any weakness in any a part of this network then risk of attacks is will increase therefore we’ve to secure of these network and network devices for an honest security services.
  • Risk in SMS mobile banking: Format of SMS is in plain text. presently end to finish secret writing isn’t available. The sole encryption is out there in the base station at transceiver and at the SMS server during transmission time. Because of this there’s a risk in SMS banking equivalent to SMS spoofing attack where the offender will send a message on the network by manipulating the user’s number.
  • Authentication issue: In mobile banking there’s authentication risk at the login time or once we access our account through the mobile system as a result of in mobile banking for the authentication PINS numbers are used however PINS authentication technique is associate degree recent method and lots of security problems such as countersign and id thievery were by stealing the password and id unauthorized access is also potential by obtaining the countersign offender might access our account. Another risk regarding authentication in mobile banking as if the mobile has been stolen then the offender may get the countersign through the mobile and might access the account by exploiting your id and password.

IMPORTANCE OF MOBILE BANKING

Mobile banking permits customers to be ready to access banking services from anywhere. Businesses and business homeowners are currently ready to save time by creating use of mobile applications to method their payments or maybe receive funds from shoppers on to their phone numbers. it’s significantly popular among tiny to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

With mobile technology, banks are ready to slow down on operational prices whereas still maintaining shopper satisfaction. The actual fact that any shopper of a bank will build use of their app to request a service, equivalent to opening an associate degree account or maybe the power to schedule debit orders or alternative payments from associate degree application, permits for larger transactional volumes, eventually driving business growth.

Benefits of Mobile Banking

  • Perpetually on- mobile are often always or are often portable due to inherent design, enabling users to act in activities equivalent to travel or meeting people, whereas transactions via mobile devices are equipped with Internet.
  • Location-Centric-Not solely is mobile altogether places, world Positioning System (GPS) is also created to acknowledge phones and tries to personalize supported existing services. distinguishing the situation of net users, provides a special advantage for mobile commerce over wired e-commerce. Using this technology, the mobile commerce suppliers can alter to receive and send info to a selected place.
  • Convenience- others aren’t restricted by time or space, access to electronic activities. For example, people that are stuck in traffic or waiting within the queue are going to be able to shop for their favorite Internet-based activities or manage their daily transactions through mobile commerce applications. customers can apprehend a special comfort that may improve their quality of life. By creating a lot of comfort, the client can be a lot more loyal. As a result, Communication facilities with mobile commerce applications produce a comfortable.
  • Customization – mobile is a far higher influence than personal computers. Therefore, mobile commerce producers style a lot of creative and a lot of custom mode tools. For example, exploiting demographic data collected by wireless service providers, and {data} on this location of the mobile users will do a lot of targeted advertising. Advertising messages are often custom supported by the knowledge provided through consultation with the users initial or previous users looking habits.
  • Establish ability – mobile provides to support the secure mobile phone transactions wherever personal computers are nearly unknown (no name). One person perpetually uses mobile devices and it’s ideal for private -based target promoting ,through the technology of worldwide Positioning System (GPS), service suppliers will acknowledge a user rigorously .Personalize chance to deliver messages to totally different components of area and time through sound and look.

Basics of inflation accounting

Inflation accounting is an improvisation of cost accounting in presence of a considerable rate of inflation or deflation.Historical information on financial statements is no longer applicable when a business operates in a country where there is a significant amount of market inflation or deflation. In some cases, companies are allowed to use inflation-adjusted figures to counter this issue, restating the numbers to reflect current economic values.

Advantages of Inflation Accounting

The following are the advantage of Inflation Accounting

  • It reflects the current( market value) and not the historical cost of the balance sheet.
  • It is highly effective in times of general inflation or hyperinflation.
  • Depreciation of the business is valued and cost on the current price and not on the historical or the carrying value of the asset which is the correct method.
  • Profit and loss will be more reliable and true.
  • Financial ratios based on figures, adjusted to the current value, are a good reflection of reliable integrity of the company.

Disadvantages of Inflation Accounting

The following are the disadvantage of Inflation Accounting

  • Changing in price is a never-ending process hence it becomes difficult every time to reinstate the figures of the company and present the financial statements.
  • Inflation accounting is a complicated process and it involves long calculation and the data gathering process thus increased cost incurred

Life

 Life is something which we live in present 

Life is a harsh reality and seems real 

Sometimes it become difficult to bear and sometimes it become enjoyable

In life we will face many hurdles and should decide how to overcome accordingly

SLEEP HYGIENE

“Sleep’s what we need. It produces an emptiness in us into which sooner or later energies flow.”
― John Cage.

Almost everyone has encountered a zombie-like feeling after a night of minimal or no sleep. Even after just one night without enough rest, we can feel drowsy during the day with slowed thinking, lack of energy, and an irritable mood.

Sleep deprivation is when you don’t get the sleep you need, and it is It’s estimated to affect most of the students, a problem that has only worsened in recent years.

Lack of sleep directly affects how we think and feel. While the short-term impacts are more noticeable, chronic sleep deprivation can heighten the long-term risk of physical and mental health problems.

If you eat well and exercise regularly, but don’t get at least seven hours of sleep every night, you may be undermining all of your other efforts.

How much sleep do you actually need?

Everyone feels better after a good night’s rest.  But now, thanks to a report from the National Sleep Foundation, you can aim for a targeted sleep number tailored to your age.

  • Older adults, 65+ years: 7 to 8 hours.
  • Adults, 26 to 64 years: 7 to 9 hours.
  • Young adults, 18 to 25 years: 7 to 9 hours.
  • Teenagers, 14 to 17 years: 8 to 10 hours.
  • School-age children, 6 to 13 years: 9 to 11 hours.
  • Preschool children, 3 to 5 years: 10 to 13 hours.
  • Toddlers, 1 to 2 years: 11 to 14 hours.
  • Infants, 4 to 11 months: 12 to 15 hours.
  • New-born, 0 to 3 months: 14 to 17 hours.

But a minimum of seven hours of sleep is a step in the right direction to improve your health.

What happens when you don’t get enough sleep?

Short-term problems can include:

  • Lack of alertness. Even missing as little as 1.5 hours can have an impact on how you feel.
  • Excessive daytime sleepiness. It can make you very sleepy and tired during the day.
  • Impaired memory. Lack of sleep can affect your ability to think, remember and process information.
  • Relationship stress. It can make you feel moody and you can become more likely to have conflicts with others.
  • Quality of life. You may become less likely to participate in normal daily activities or to exercise.
  • Greater likelihood for car accidents. Drowsy driving accounts for thousands of crashes, injuries and fatalities each year, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Chronic sleep deprivation can even affect your appearance. Over time, it can lead to premature wrinkling and dark circles under the eyes. There’s also a link between lack of sleep and an increase in the stress hormone, cortisol, in the body. Cortisol can break down collagen, the protein that keeps skin smooth.

So lack of sleep could mean more wrinkles! Understand why sleep is so important yet?

How to Sleep Better

If you’re experiencing mild, occasional problems with sleep, try these simple strategies to make you better.

1. Treat getting enough sleep as if it is as important as taking medicine.

With all the demands on our time every day, you might put a good night’s rest at the bottom of your priority list.

2. Keep a consistent wake time.

Wake up at the same time every day, including weekends or days off.  Waking at the same time every day will actually help you to sleep better at night. A fixed wake time helps to build a strong desire for sleep throughout wakefulness. This sleep drive gradually builds, and shortening it by sleeping in will make it harder to fall asleep the next night. Sleeping in on the weekend makes it much more difficult to wake up earlier on Monday morning.  

It also is important to do some relaxing activity such as taking a warm bath or reading a book before bedtime. By making these activities part of your bedtime ritual, you can train yourself to associate these activities with sleep. This association will help you to move more easily into slumber.

3. Put away the smart phones and tablets.

Electronic devices keep your mind humming — and far from the relaxed state you need to achieve before bedtime. So, keep away the gadgets at least an hour ago before sleep.

BOTTOM LINE

Getting frequent sunlight exposure during the day supports a healthy circadian rhythm that helps you be alert during the day and sleepy at night. Regular physical activity can also contribute to a normal sleep schedule, so try to engage in at least moderate exercise every day.

REFERENCES https://health.clevelandclinic.org/happens-body-dont-get-enough-sleep

University

 In this world there are many universities to.study to gain knowledge. There are many universities having vast campus areawise

Students always demand having university with good infrastructure,good placement ,good health facilities, good sports equipments and much more 

In universities there are many courses one can pursue in every field 

Students generally choose what they fascinate them and choose accordingly

Intricacies of war and the way it is normalized in the 21st century

Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

War is not completely about the action, in fact, to execute the fight, there is a vast economical, logistical factor and many budget constrans. Management plays a key role in such situation more than a day to day business, as every decision a person makes is associated with many lives and there is many stakeholder bodies to answer to.

                                         People usually never fail to respect people in the navy, especially social media has been favoring them for their effort, but it is sad that their life in camps and other navy office workers is not completely transparent which leads to many false assumptions which usually underestimates their work portfolio and the work load, this leads to a lot misunderstanding from the reality. Let’s discuss some reality of War, 

                           People die, not as obvious as its sounds, not on a bed or a hospital but in a survival situation where you either die or cut your hurt arm with a Swiss knife slowly feeling your own bone for the first time to live. Soldiers in action experience practical Paranoia, war never happens often but when it happens lot of trainees will on the field facing foreign men trying to kill by all means and act just as higher officials say who would let you die if it is necessary. There will be a lot of confusion despite the training, if you put your head over the barrier will you be seen or shot? Where are the enemy? Are they  behind you? As you are fighting hand to hand, what are the odds you dying instead of him?

Migration(Keki Daruwalla)- Critical appreciation

Migrations are always difficult:
ask any drought,
any plague;
ask the year 1947.
Ask the chronicles themselves:
if there had been no migrations
would there have been enough
history to munch on?

Going back in time is also tough.
Ask anyone back-trekking to Sargodha
or Jhelum or Mianwali and they’ll tell you.
New faces among old brick;
politeness, sentiment,
dripping from the lips of strangers.
This is still your house, Sir.

And if you meditate on time
that is no longer time –
(the past is frozen, it is stone,
that which doesn’t move
and pulsate is not time) –
if you meditate on that scrap of time,
the mood turns pensive
like the monsoons
gathering in the skies
but not breaking.

Mother used to ask, don’t you remember my mother?
You’d be in the kitchen all the time
and run with the fries she ladled out,
still sizzling on the plate.
Don’t you remember her at all?
Mother’s fallen face
would fall further
at my impassivity.
Now my dreams ask me
If I remember my mother
And I am not sure how I’ll handle that.
Migrating across years is also difficult.

The writer Keki Daruwalla, starts right off referring to general crisis to help the readers to relate to his point of view (ask any…). He continues adding points that evokes a sense of a dramatic event (ask the chronicles). He slowly turns his narrative tone to a descriptive tone in order to deliver the sentiment right (Going back in time…sentiment dripping).

                   On the very next paragraph the writer talks about how difficult and sad it is to forget their good times in a creative manner with beautiful use of metaphor (like the monsoons gathering)

On the final paragraph, he brings the readers a step closer to his feelings by talking about family, flashing a dull theme on their minds. He explains how hard is to forget how his mother even looks and realizing how his mother would have felt when she asks the writer if he remembers her mother. This sentence also explains how long the entire partition process took. He finishes off his poem with these final words, “migrating across years is also difficult” where he clarifies all doubt and clearly states that it was all about the psychology effects and issues which trouble the people more than the migration itself.

                                                      Overall his poem talks about the leftover side of the “Partition” and adds weightage to it on the histories of India! 

MENSTRUATION

We don’t know who was the first human to take birth on this earth. For a human to take birth, it would require two other human beings. It is a classic chicken and egg problem.
Scientifically humans didn't take birth; they evolved from a single cellular amoeba found in deep oceans. As we know, monkeys and chimpanzees were our ancestors. We have evolved from them. 
Either mammals, birds or reptiles in any category of living creatures the birth is always given by females. Female birds lay eggs. Female reptiles lay eggs. A female mammal keeps her baby in the womb and gives birth to the young one. So is with humans.
A female human body too lays eggs in her ovary duct every month but the eggs cannot get fertilized on their own. They need an external source i.e sperm of a male. When it enters into the ovary and collaborates with the egg, it forms a fetus which after 9 months grows into a complete baby in the mother's womb. 
If the eggs are not fertilized, a layer of blood breaks down and comes out of the body every month and lasts for minimum 3 days and maximum 7 days. This is called the menstruation cycle. 
When a girl attains puberty at the age of 13, that means now she is biologically eligible for giving birth to a baby, she has started to lay eggs in her body. Her menstruation cycle has begun. 
Blood comes out of the body for 4-5 days on an average, and that's uncertain so a girl has to use sanitary pads and napkins to control that blood. If she doesn't use that, controlling the flow becomes difficult and it seems to be very unhygienic. 
Nowadays sanitary pads are available in the market, which gives comfort and hygiene to the girls. In early times no such pads were available and hence those 4 days were hard to pass. Women have to remain seated most of the time. Especially in the context of India. 
Even today in many villages of India, these pads are unavailable. Ladies and girls aren't aware of using these products as well as their hygiene. Many NGOs in India are working to spread awareness among the rural areas. They distribute pads free of cost, and teach them how to use it. 
In ancient times this cycle was considered as a subject of shame and something which is very impure and dirty. A girl who was in this cycle of period, was given a corner of the house to sit. She was given a separate mat to sleep on, a plate to eat, and a glass of water to drink, which nobody would touch. She cannot sit beside anyone in the house. Entering into kitchens and temples was also restricted. It was believed that if a girl who is on her periods touched anything, that thing would become impure. 
Looks like no matter how educated we may be, we continue to surrender to the ancient system and culture especially when it is related to religion.
The people of earlier times were uneducated and unfamiliar with this biological concept and hence they would have assumed according to their level of understanding. 
People in India are never ready to accept the change, except very few. People don't want to change according to time's demand. Even if they are enlightened with the knowledge they cannot leave those old rules and rituals which were created because of lack of knowledge. 
Even today except a few families all follow the same thinking which is mentioned above. The sad thing is that this is despite being educated, familiar with the reality of this process, well known about the biological process behind this. These people are more illiterate than those who were in earlier times. They are educated but uneducated fools. 
For some girls this is something to be shameful of. If accidently she faces leakage and stain it becomes something shameful for them. She feels insecure because people around them make her feel so. 
People here need to understand that it's not an easy task to give birth to any woman. From the age of 12-55 she has to face the pain she faces during this menstruation cycle, and above that feel isolated from family members and insecure among society. After this when she carries a baby in her womb for 9 months the problem she has to face is out of our imagination. The pain she experiences while delivering a baby is the most painful experience one can bear. It needs so much courage to face that, and a woman faces it, which is really appreciable. 
Menstruation is not a subject of shame. It's the most necessary biological cycle without which no reproduction is possible. The people on this earth are partial but this universe has always been unbiased. It has made the sperm of men equal to the egg of women. Both are useless without each other, both need each other for reproduction.