Month: August 2021

Rich dad poor dad : review

Book Review


Name of the Book: Rich Dad Poor Dad
Name of the Author: Robert Kiyosaki
Publisher: Plata Publishing; Second edition (11 April 2017)
Language: English
Originally published: 1997
Pages: 336
Genres: Personal finance, Economics, Non-fiction

About Robert Kiyosaki
Robert Kiyosaki is an American businessman who founded Rich Global LLC and the Rich Dad Company. The latter focuses on private financial education through the mediums of books, videos, and speeches. He is also the author of over 26 books, including this book.
Introduction
Rich Dad Poor Dad has been called the number one personal finance book of all time. Robert Kiyosaki illustrates the mindsets and beliefs that define those who become wealthy. He contrasts these mindsets with those who are poor. In this book, Robert’s example of a poor man was his dad, while the rich man was Robert’s financial mentor. Robert’s father was a genius, while his mentor didn’t even finish eighth grade. The only meaningful difference was their mindset.
Summary
Education & two perspective
In this book Kiyosaki believes that an individuals attitude towards money and their tendency to be richer or poorer can be traced back to the education they receive at home. Parents are responsible for teaching the fundamentals of finances as it’s not something that schools focus on. Kiyosaki explains that this education at home is the driver behind the rich getting richer, the poor getting poorer and the middle class continues to struggle with constant debt. He believes that the considerable debt that countries face is a result of politicians and government officials having very little education on money, yet being in a position of power.
Robert Kiyosaki emphasizes six key points through out the book. These points — which differentiate between his “poor” dad (his real dad) and the “rich” dad that helped him understand business and become wealthy — are:
The rich don’t work for money
The importance of financial literacy
Minding your own business
Taxes and corporations
The rich invent money
The need to work to learn and not to work for money
Good Points in this Book
Flawed Educational System
As Robert mentions many times in the book, our traditional educational system is flawed. Our education system is designed primarily to create employees and could be a negative influence for an entrepreneur. As Kiyosaki mentions, he’s not suggesting that people skip higher education; he’s suggesting higher education does not assist with “street smarts.” Financial literacy is something that is rarely discussed in school, and if it is discussed, it is only at basic levels. Based upon my personal background, I’ve made this a personal focus and will make sure my children are well educated in this subject.
Strong Points:
The original idea of the book Rich Dad,Poor Dad, and also the extremely effective presentation of educational financial concepts are not as simple as they seem.
An incredibly motivating book inspired by the personal experience of the author, who is himself a millionaire,
Weak Points:
A certain lack of detail in some areas mentioned by the author is regrettable.
As he says himself, his books are motivational tools, not books by a financial expert.
Why I chose this book
This book teaches us many important lessons which apply in our daily life. In this book Robert describes how you can get started in your journey towards financial education and wealth which was not included in any bookbook in easy language.
My Learning from this book
I learned many important things from this book that is:

  • Choose your friends carefully: Don’t choose your friends based on how much money they have. That said, you should be careful about being around cynics or people who don’t like talking about money. They will rub off on you. Do your best to learn from people who support you, teach you, and make you a better person.
  • Pay yourself first: If you don’t do this, you’ll find nothing left to pay yourself. This is an essential shift in mentality.
  • Assets buy luxuries: Don’t buy a luxury until you have created an asset that pays for it.
  • Teach, and you shall receive: The more you teach people, the more you will learn.
  • Look for new ideas: Read books on different subjects and learn from them.
  • Be willing to learn: Learn every skill you can. Never assume you are already knowledgeable enough on a topic.
  • Learn from history: Study successful people from the past and emulate them.
  • Action always beats inaction: If you are not sure what to do, you should just do it. Imperfect action is better than perfect inaction
  • Conclusion- Rich Dad, Poor Dad is an extraordinary book, in the literal sense. I cannot fully express how much this book transformed my vision of money and most especially my perception of wealth. Before I read this book part of me was convinced that all “rich people” were born that way. That you needed to have money to get rich and that the only solution was to join the rat race, although that is not what I called it at the time. Nowadays, I am firmly convinced that you can learn how to become rich and that financial freedom is a realistic goal if you move towards it methodically and patiently.
  • The poor and the middle class work for money. The rich have money work for them.Fear is what keeps people in jobs that they don’t enjoy. Assets and liabilities are different. Assets generate money whereas liabilities suck up your money.A rich man’s perspective is that your income is a direct result of your assets, not your job. Therefore you need to commit to investing in the right assets.
    In order to be rich, you need to have a decent financial IQ. This is made up of considerable knowledge in accounting, investing, understanding markets, and the law. Rich people “groom” their children so that they can have a complete understanding of business operations and how the family manage their finances. Management skills that should be taught include managing cash flow, managing systems and managing other people.
    Reference
    Rich Dad Poor Dad Book by Robert Kiyosaki

Hygiene

Hygiene is the science of rules of healthy living. Food hygiene is very important for healthy living because most of the diseases and disease producing germs are transmitted through food. The food may be contaminated at any stage during its journey from the producer to the consumer. It is contaminated during handling, distribution and serving. Hence hygiene refers to hygiene in the production, handling, distribution and serving of all foods. Each and every item of the food should be maintained under hygiene condition. Thus there are milk hygiene, meat hygiene, fish hygiene, fruit hygiene, vegetable hygiene, personal hygiene, etc.

Milk Hygiene

Milk is a suitable medium for most of the disease producing germs. Hence it is an efficient vehicle for many disease producing germs. It is contaminated by three main agents. They are:

The dairy animal. The human. The environment comprising contaminated vessels, polluted water, flies, dust, etc. The important diseases which are transmitted through milk are as follows:

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. Tuberculosis. Diptheria. Salmonellosis and streptococcal infections.

The milk hygiene is maintained by the following methods:

The dairy animal should be maintained clean and healthy. The udder should be washed and cleaned before and after milking. The dairy house should be sanitary. The vessels must be sterile and kept closed. Water used must be free from bacteria. Milkers must be free from contagious diseases. Milkers must wash their hands properly before milking. Milk should be stored at 50°F after milking. This will prevent bacterial growth.

Meat Hygiene

Meat includes a variety of edible animal tissues. The common diseases transmitted through meat are tape worm infestations and bacterial infections. Meat Hygiene is maintained by 1. Meat inspection and 2. Hygiene slaughter houses.

1. Meat Inspection:

The slaughtering animals should be subjected to proper antemortem and postmortem inspection. The unhealthy infected and pregnant animals should be eliminated.

2.Slaughter House:

The places where edible animals are killed are called slaughter houses. The hygiene of slaughter houses is very important to prevent contamination of meat. The slaughter house should satisfy the following conditions:

1. It should be located away from residential places. 2. Floors and walls should be easy to clean. 3. Provision for antemortem and postmortem inspection. 4. Provision for adequate and continuous water supply. 5. Other animals should not be allowed. 6. Meat should be stored in fly-proof and rat-proof rooms.

Fish Hygiene

Fish loses its freshness or deteriorates because of autolysis after death. The deterioration of fish is due to the infection of bacteria. The stale fish should be condemned. The signs of good fish are:

1. Stiffness or rigor mortis. 2. Gills are bright red and 3. The eyes are clear and prominent.

Hygiene of Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables should be properly washed before they are used.

Personal Hygiene

1.The food handlers should be thoroughly examined medically and physically at the time of appointment.2. Hands should be properly washed and cleaned before handling food. 3. Finger nails should be trimmed and free from diet. 4. Head coverings should be provided, especially in the case of women to prevent loose hairs entrance into foodstuffs. 5. Coughing and sneezing should be avoided near the food. 6. Licking the fingers before picking up a food is prevented. 7. Smoking is avoided.

House

 House is a place where we spend most of our life .House provide us shelter, the food where we eat most, sleep . 

In today’s world ,Getting a good house is a dream for most guys due to high rates, poverty 

House provide us a way to enjoy, to achieve dreams by spending our most indispensable time there

Happiness

 Happiness is something which everybody wants whether it is teenager or old guy 

It is something which every person wants in life 

Happiness can be achieved by doing work 

It is something which is not hard to get

forest

 Forest is a place for animals ,birds,insects to live better than others ..

Forest is also liked by many people as it is calm ,quiet, and people love to spend time here 

People love to see animal, birds and want to enjoy nature beauty 

Indian food

 Indian food is a food  which is not only a food but gives other health benefit also 

It helps to gain strength, energy, metabolism 

Indian food is a great love for all Indians and also for foreign living people here

QUALITY OF LIFE

       

BY : NEHA SHAHAB                                                                                          

Quality of life is a highly subjective measure of happiness that is an important component of many financial decision . Factors that play a role in the quality of life vary according to personal preferences, but they often include financial security, job satisfaction, family life, health, and safety.  standard indicators of quality of life include wealth , employment , the environment , physical and mental health , education , recreation , leisure time , social belonging , religious beliefs , safety , security , freedom.

WHO defines Quality of Life as an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns.

top 10 ranked countries

 1.CANADA



2. DENMARK

3. SWEDEN

4. NORWAY

5. SWITZERLAND

6. AUSTRALIA
7. NETHERLANDS
8. FINLAND
9. GERMANY
             

10. NEW ZEALAND
             

Valuing Friendship!

 

Often, there are times when we all get busy with our office work or in order to become a successful person, we  all just  forget to enjoy our life, or to just to something relaxing for ourselves . We tend to forget the happy memories we made with our friends at school and college! 

According to my opinion balancing out personal and professional life is very important. We all should know how to manage our personal relationships as well which includes friendship!

Personal opinion on friendship

Friendship, according to me is
derived from two words; “friend” and “ship”.

A ship sails
forward even if the weather condition is bad. Similarly, friendship means
having friends living on a ship. There are some pirates who are there on the
same ship but they have their own personal motives such as finding treasure. 

                                                                       

                                                                 

Such type of pirates may flatter their captain to achieve their purpose, but in
times of need they might jump from the ship or join hands with another ship, knowing
that they shamelessly betrayed their comrades. In friendship too, there might
be some people who would be there with you in order to fulfil their “greed” but
they won’t be there in times of “your need”.

                                                                     

There are
some pirates who are not close to each other but their loyalty to their captain
is unquestionable. Although, not close but they are still willing to give their
lives for their captain and for the safety of other comrades. These people
would never betray their team members, although they don’t express themselves
much, but their actions always speak louder than the words. 

                                                                      

                                                                           

                                                                      

Friendship
also works in a similar manner. There are some friends who do not have a
special kind of emotional bond but loyalty connects them till death. Here, we
can say that loyalty   is that component of friendship which brings a
sense of belonging to these people. It is due to this factor that such kinds of
people are always there for each other.

There are
some pirates having different interests, morals, preferences but still no
outsider can separate them because they have already accepted each other and
rather than having quarrel, they prefer to “grow” on each other’s differences. 

                                                                        

If
we talk about friendship, it does not necessarily mean that it involves
interaction between two people having similar interests. Different people
having different cultures, ethics, morals and values and personality also have
a strong bond. 

This is because they accept each other for differences;
understand each other and grow with each other. There are times that such kind
of friends have such a strong emotional connection that they can find out the
sadness behind the smiles and the love behind their anger.

                                                                        

Excluding,
the first category of friends, the second and third category of friends show the
true meaning of friendship. These people are the heart and soul of the ship
because of which the ship sails forward. These kinds of people, even though
they are distant or far apart, they will always be connected and will always be
there for each other.


                                                                    

Friendship
means being loyal, having respect for each other, enjoying with each other,
having good times together and fighting together when the storm comes. It means
accepting and understanding each other’s differences and growing on those
differences. It means to be there for each other even though you are distant.
It means to care for each other, to love each other and having an unbreakable
trust. If two people have an unbreakable trust, no one can separate them. 

                                                                         

                                                                     

This
is because even if an outsider tries to break their bond, those two people
won’t need each other’s explanations because they know each other two well.
Last but not the least, Friendship does not involve explanations and
misunderstandings but it involves forgiving each other and growing with each
other, laughing with each other and always being there for each other!

 

 

 

FIRST CITY TO ACHIEVE

      

                                    FIRST CITY TO ACHIEVE

BY : NEHA SHAHAB

Naveen Patnaik led Odisha government has declared Puri as the first city in the country to have city-wide safe drinking tap water .Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik on Monday inaugurated the ‘Drink From Tap’ mission in Puri, making it ‘the first city in India’ to achieve 24/7 quality drinking water supply.



 The initiative to provide water supply adhering to ‘Quality Standards of IS 10500’ will benefit the city’s 2.5- lakh population and 2 crore tourists who visit the holy place annually, he said. 

The State Government has planned to cover all urban areas of Odisha by March 2022, making it the state first to do so in India. Supplying drink-from-tap quality water to every home, similar to developed nations like USA, England, Japan, Singapore,” the state government said in a statement.  

Drinking water foundation at public places to discourage use of plastic water bottles. It will help eliminate of 400 metric tons of plastic waste per annum in Puri city. Under implementation in 16 more towns including Cuttack, Rourkela, and Berhampur benefiting around 40 lakh urban population.

CHILD HAS THE RIGHT

                                                      CHILD HAS THE RIGHT 

BY : NEHA SHAHAB

 A plea by a minor girl’s father seeking direction to the authorities to reflect his name as his daughter’s surname in the documents and not her mother’s name. Justice Rekha Palli, however, declined to pass such a direction and said, “A father does not own the daughter to dictate that she should use only his surname. If the minor daughter is happy with her surname.

The court said every child has a right to use his/her mother’s surname if he/she wishes to. During the hearing, the man’s counsel submitted that his daughter is a minor and cannot decide such issues on her own, claiming that the surname was changed by his estranged wife. He claimed that the change in name will make it difficult to avail insurance claims as the policy was taken in the name of the girl with her father’s surname. The mother had changed the surname from Shrivastava to Saxena.

        The court, which declined to allow the plea, noted that even the birth certificate on      August  10, 2018, issued by the East Delhi Municipal Corporation (EDMC) also will have both the names.

The judge disposed of the petition with a liberty to the man to approach his daughter’s school to show his name as the father.


The Stranger: A Book Review

Buy The Stranger ALBERT CAMUS (Vintage International) Book Online at Low Prices in India | The Stranger ALBERT CAMUS (Vintage International) Reviews & Ratings - Amazon.in

Someone said many years ago, “no man is an island”. Humans need human contact to exist, to continue and to be happy. However, authors, poets and philosophers have often used isolation and the idea of being broken as chief plots of their story.

Camus gives life to an indifferent and emotionally detached Meursault who is introduced as a character who refuses to cry at his mother’s funeral. One thing after the other, that also demonstrates his lack of empathy and emotional connection leads to a murder he commits. In the prison, he refuses to go to god, and speaks about his perceived understanding of life, death and human actions. He, in his last days, understands his mother’s feelings while she would have seen an imminent death. And that he shall no longer be lonely as a large crowd shall be seeing him die – each getting rid of its loneliness. And there the story ends.

The Stranger is a classic in both philosophy and Algerian French literature. Meursault is a truthful and emotionally detached man – something that scares those around him, the established judiciary and the lawyers. He frequently exclaims how he lives in the present and refuses to live in the past or the future. All these traits are so odd for the people around him that he becomes the stranger in the story.

It is an excellent book, originally written in French and is the recipient of the Nobel prize in literature. But it is full of monologues and might not exactly be to the liking of thriller lovers. However, story telling and philosophy build up this novella as one of the best to read.

Hope you like reading it, happy reading!

My guide to writing a bomb cover letter



You’re an old pro at crafting your resume to catch employers’ eyes, but a cover letter? Say what now? Everyone has heard of that strange, elusive document before. But chances are unless you’ve applied for a job or a certain internship, you’ve never had to write one. But fear not! I’m here to save you. You’re about to learn the ways of writing a cover letter so you can land that job and teach all your friends (and then feel super cool).

WHAT A COVER LETTER IS (A.K.A. WHAT TO DO):


The conundrums your cover letter should be able to answer “(1) Is it clean? (2) Does it demonstrate that the applicant researched the publication and has a good faith basis for believing they are a good fit, and (3) Does it tell a story?”

The most important thing about cover letters to keep in mind: It’s okay to brag. And actually, you should. Employers first learn about you in your cover letter, so you want it to create a good reflection of who you are and make a good argument for why you should get the job. The most important thing to remember is to be yourself, but also highlight your strengths and accomplishments

WHAT A COVER LETTER IS NOT (AKA WHAT NOT TO DO):

A cover letter shouldn’t be a mere recitation of the resume. Also, know that a cover letter is not a biography or even an essay. It’s a letter, just like its name suggests. Your cover letter shouldn’t run longer than a page if even that. The ideal length ranges to around four paragraphs, which sounds daunting, but if you use the suggested breakdown below, you should be good to go.

COVER LETTER BREAKDOWN:

Paragraph 1:

Your first paragraph, otherwise known as the introduction, should introduce you and why you’re writing. Think of it as the opening paragraph of a news story. It should answer all your “W’s”—who you are, what you’re applying for when you want the position, where you are in your education (as in what school you attend, where it is and what year you’re in) and why you’re the best option to hire.

Paragraph 2:

In the second paragraph expand upon your first, particularly in terms of your education and experience. Connect the dots in a cover letter. Explain how the experiences you’ve had and the person you’ve become as a result have led you to the point where you can honestly say you’d [be] of use to the employer. Try to pick the two or three most important or applicable experiences to the job and describe them succinctly. Here you may copy a bit from your resume. It’s also the place where you get to brag the most, so make sure your pride shines through.

Paragraph 3:

This paragraph involves discussing your transferrable skills. Here you can show off things not mentioned in your resume and your knowledge about the position you’re applying to. Be deliberate about which skills you discuss and be specific when explaining why those skills are relevant to a particular job. You want to show an employer that you’re interested in the job they’re offering, not just a generic job (even if that might be the case).

Paragraph 4:

This follows a pretty basic formula. Make to restate the position you’re applying for (full title and all). Very briefly restate your credentials and say you’re both qualified for and interested in the job. Always end with a sentence that says something like, “thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.” Finally, sign your name at the end. While you don’t have to physically sign it, closing with “Sincerely, [your name]” not only fits the letter format but gets your name in their head one last time.

Always end your cover letter with a strong closing statement. The closing statement will either make or break your cover letter. Remind the employer how and why you are qualified for the job in one sentence. Tie everything together by giving the location of work samples. Avoid language such as “I hope to hear from you soon.” Instead, include a more assertive closing like, “I’d love to discuss the position in further detail.” This will allow the employer to see how interested you actually are.

EXAM STRESS

 

The World Health Organization (WHO)
defines adolescence as the period of life between 10-19 years. Adolescence is
said to be a period of stress and strain. Adolescents are a special group
because of their developmental stage and the special problems. Examination in
school or college is a part of academic life. The incidence of exam anxiety has
risen from 27% in 2009 to almost 40% in 2010 among all the calls received.
Examination stress is better prevented than treated. A systematic, persistent,
organized, planned and regular effort from the beginning of the academic
session is the best method for any adolescent to prevent anxiety related to
examination.

Exam stress is a problem that affects the
majority of students. It is often claimed that the less stressed students are
the better they pass their exams. In this essay I will discuss two possible
approaches that could be taken into consideration by schools and universities
in order to help young people during the exam period.

Firstly, educational institutions could
create special courses so as to help students revise all the necessary information.
There is no doubt that many young people do not pay enough attention to
revision, so teachers should provide such courses in order to reduce stress
level and make sure the youngsters are fully prepared. Another
method could be to give students more opportunities for relaxing. As an option,
some cultural activities could be provided in order to distract the youngsters
from their studies. I believe that young people need to understand the
importance of relaxation while studying. Not only could these activities help
them to relax, but students could also learn something new and useful.

Students often feel stressed when
preparing for examinations due to pressure from school and family due to
constant competition and comparison with peer group and good performers.
Managing this stress is a big concern among young pupils. In order to make
children get higher academic results parents criticize children by comparing
with better performers in family, friends and society, which makes students
panic about exam. Parents force children to study with no relaxation time resulting
in an atmosphere where students panic, feel neglected and eventually fall
emotionally collapsed. Students when unable to meet the expectations of the
parents and pressure from society to be best, lower the self confidence in them
and start to develop a feeling of insecurity and also suffer from depression
and other mental health problems. A further cause in exam
stress could be due to negligence and over confidence which leads to
consequences such as lack of preparation time and deviation by distraction
while studying. Every child has a unique way to understand things and the
pedagogy of teaching plays an important role in developing knowledge among students.
Difficult task, over loaded homework, continuous exams cause internal pressure
on the other hand it leads to demotivation, overwhelming situations resulting
to lose focus in studying. Students spent more than five hours on social media,
which is the main reason in deviation from studying.

Here are some tips to help exam day go
smoothly:

Work out what you need to take with you on
exam day and organise this the night before.

Eat a good, light breakfast – this will
help with energy and concentration.

If you feel yourself getting worried
before your exam – spend some time focusing on your breathing.

When you sit down to do your exam, take
time to slow your breathing and relax.

Read through the exam paper carefully.
Underline key words and instructions.

Work out how long you have for each
question or section.

LESSONS FROM BARACK OBAMA

Barack Obama created history in a very many ways. he is the 1st African-American president of the U.S. and a name recognized for his charisma, intelligence, and skill to figure things under pressure, there are several things to be learned from him. Here are few takeaways from Barack Obama.

Treat Everybody with same respect

Obama became renowned for his respectful and polite manner. Even once he was attacked by his opponents, he kept his calm, and he showed loads of respect to everybody, no matter their rank. this is essential, as we should always offer everyone constant level of respect. There is no such thing as being superior or inferior because everyone is doing one thing necessary and has constant dignity because the rest and need to be revered In the end, it pays off to be respectful and kind, as a result of you never know how another person will impact your life.

Stay Calm

 Something that distinguished Obama was his cool manner and skill to take things easy. He did not take it personally or, if he did, he was careful to not act from the point of anger. Even throughout a crisis, panicking won’t solve any problem. Instead, it might make everything worse. attempt to keep cool and calm under pressure and not react from a place of emotion. Instead, you would like to stay your head and build choices that may cause the most effective outcome.

Keep Your Perspective

There are some things in life you can’t change. where you were born, who are your relations with, what is happening right away in the world may well be on the far side your management. However, keeping your eyes open for future opportunities is important. You might not be ready to make amendment of your past, however you’ll be able to, for sure, change your future. It can not be done in one stroke, however. rather like Obama, you would like to figure hard for your long-run goals and build a game set up that may bring you nearer to the opportunities you would like to have.

Educate Yourself

Obama is keen on reading and learning and he has been recognized as an individual with loads of education and information. Educating yourself throughout your life can assist you perceive your  higher self and find solutions. It will conjointly open additional doors for you within the future. Finance in your own education is often worthwhile. Ignore the haters While all politicians have their justifiable share of haters, Obama had loads of vitriolic ones assaultive of him. However, he failed to allow them to stop his success.

Culture and tradition of TAMILNADU

Tamil Nadu is a southern state of India which is supremely rich in culture and heritage. Known to be one of the oldest civilisations in the world, the people of Tamil Nadu belong to the prestigious Dravidian Family. Tamilians also, like other South Indians, take much pride in their rooted Tamil culture and make great efforts to protect their 2000 years old history. The state has been ruled by the Cholas, Pandyas and the Pallavas and has been flourishing since. The art and architecture have been their creations which are used and maintained even today.

Out of 74 million Tamil people in the world, around 62 million live in Tamil Nadu. Rest of the Tamilians are scattered in different parts of India and the world, mostly in the northeast of Sri Lanka. People who live in the state understand the ethnicity of their culture and how it marks their identity in the world. They are very adherent towards their rituals and traditions like following the caste system, religion and community traits, etc.

Tamil is the official language of the state. It is a derivative of Brahmi script, and the letters represent sounds, much like the Mandarin language. Not only most of the people in Tamil Nadu speak Tamil, but it is also spoken by many in Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Singapore, and Malaysia.

RELIGION –
A great amount of relevance is given to a person’s religion when it comes to personal identity. Although four-fifths of the population of the state are Hindus, rest of them are divided in Islam, Christianity, and Jainism. Their rituals include deity worship and animisms like tree worship, animal worship and stars and planets worship. Many Hindus are followers of different religious institutions called ‘Matha’ which are the centres of Monastic studies.

MUSIC AND DANCE –
Tamil Music has evolved over the years. The most important form of music was the Carnatic music which considered only for the elite who could understand the intricacy of music. For others, Telugu songs and a mix of traditional numbers from a source of entertainment.

Bharatnatyam is the official dance form of Tamil Nadu, recognized all over India and the world. It’s a complicated dance form with subtle moves of body parts and expressions. Some other folk dances like Parai, Villuputtu Karakaatam, and Kuthu are also performed by local people including tribal people.

TRADITION AND ARCHITECTURE –
Most traditional art are religious in some form and usually centres on Hinduism, although the religious element is often only a means to represent universal—and, occasionally, humanist—themes.

The most important form of Tamil painting is Tanjore painting, which originated in Thanjavur in the 9th century. The painting’s base is made of cloth and coated with zinc oxide, over which the image is painted using dyes; it is then decorated with semi-precious stones, as well as silver or gold thread. A style which is related in origin, but which exhibits significant differences in execution, is used for painting murals on temple walls; the most notable example are the murals on the Kutal Azhakar and Meenakshi temples of Madurai, the Brihadeeswarar temple of Tanjore.

Tamilnadu sculpture ranges from elegant stone sculptures in temples, to bronze icons with exquisite details. The medieval Chola bronzes are considered to be one of India’s greatest contributions to the world art. Unlike most Western art, the material in Tamil sculpture does not influence the form taken by the sculpture; instead, the artist imposes his/her vision of the form on the material. As a result, one often sees in stone sculptures flowing forms that are usually reserved for metal.