Day: October 18, 2021

YOUNG MINDS – BIG REVOLUTIONS

It is rightly said, there is no age bar to make a difference in the world. It just needs an ignition and the willingness to do something different, for the betterment of the society. One might feel, it is a daunting task to initiate alone and make amendments, but a single person with grit and determination is sufficient enough to make the world a a better place. Mother Teresa states, “I cannot alone change the world, but I can cast a stone across the waters to create many ripples.” There are many such youth personalities, who came forward to make a difference.

Malala Yousafzai

Female education activist and Nobel Peace Prize awardee, Malala Yousafzai was born in a family where education to girl child was encouraged. Gaining inspiration from her father’s humanitarian work, she decided to get into female education activism. The terrorist group, Tehrik-i-Taliban, was agitated by the her attempts to encourage education for the women. Malala, along with two other girls were shot by gunmen from the same terrorist organization to retaliate against her activism. Even after facing such a violent attack at a tender age of just 15, she did not halt her deeds. She started a fund raising organisation with her own name after recovery. She was then featured in the Times Magazine as one of the Most Influential People in the world and was asked to address the House of Commons at Canada.

Isra Hisri

Isra Hisri, the daughter of Ilhan Omar (U.S Congresswoman), is an American Environmental Activist. She began gaining awareness bout concepts related to the environment in her freshman year when she became a part of her High School’s Environmental Club. In the Club, she was the only girl who had a dark complexion, hence she would feel left out amongst the whites. She played her part in co-ordination of student led strikes related to environmental protection in spite of being neglected by many of her fellow mates. Hisri has made it her goal to use her advocacy in environmental and anti-racial matters since the age of 16. She co-founded and served the Youth Climate Strike and has been awarded the Brower Youth Award.

Nkosi Johnson

Nkosi Johnson, hailing from South Africa was born with HIV-AIDS. He was adopted by another woman, as his mother could no longer nurture him since she herself was suffering from the disease. He lost his mother when he had begun with his schooling years. His school did not permit him to secure admission and attend classes when they became aware of what he was suffering from. Nkosi addressed at the International Aids Conference, encouraging Aids patients to be outspoken about the disease and seek medical aid. Nkosi’s Haven, a refuge for HIV Positive mothers and children was founded by him with the help of his adoptive mother. He lost his life in the year 2001 due to brain damage complications. He was declared as the awardee of International Children’s Peace Prize. His refuge was donated with USD 1,00,000 by Kids Right Foundation. Author, Jim Wooten, wrote a book on Nkosi’s journey of life and named it as We Are All The Same.

“BE THE CHANGE, YOU WANT TO SEE IN THE WORLD” – M.K Gandhi

There are several other youth personalities such as Greta Thunberg, Jaylen Arnold, Param Jaggi, Marley Dias and many more. The youth is not just the leaders of tomorrow but can be the leaders of today as well. Developing and nurturing social values is what the youth must try to contribute in today’s times. Young minds do have the energy and coherent ideas to bring about a change in society, therefore must strive for it. It is time for all the budding minds to realise their eureka moment and create a revolutionary change across the seven seas.

Child Abuse

By – Supriya

According to Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) ,” child abuse” can be defined as – ” Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker , which results in death , serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse , or exploitation , or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm to the child.” WHO defines it as : ” Child Abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and / or emotional ill – treatment , sexual abuse , neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health , survival , development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility , trust or power.”

Child abuse is one of the most heinous and inhuman crimes. It means to maltreat a child physically or emotionally . Thus , any commission or omission of an act by a parent which leads to a harm or possibility of harm to the child can be categorised as child abuse. Not only the parents but also those who happen to be in the social circle of a child can be a cause of this I’ll treatment. In India, many gruesome incidents of child abuse have been recorded in the past . In 2010, the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights received 75 cases of child abuse in India up to October 31, including cases of corporal punishment , with the highest number being reported from the national capital and Uttar Pradesh . Especially , those in the age group of 5-12 years reported higher levels of abuse. Ranging from incest , rapes , sexual abuse, digital rape , sodomy , inappropriate touch to sexual assaults , India has a higher category of child sexual abuse than other kind of abuses.

The worst part is that a stunning majority of these cases go unreported . Also, reasons like shame , plain depravity and family honour contribute towards shunning and covering the cases of child abuse . According to a government commissioned survey, more than 53% of children in India are subjected to sexual abuse, but most don’t report the assaults to anyone. The survey covered different forms of child abuse- physical , sexual and emotional – as well as female child neglect and found that two out of every three children are physically abused . The report , which surveyed 12447 children , found that 52.94 per cent of victims were boys.It also revealed that ironically parents and relatives , persons known to the child or in a position of trust and responsibility were mostly found to be the perpetrators of child sexual abuse in the country. The report also brings into light that harmful traditional practices like child marriage, caste system, discrimination against the girl child, child labour and Devadasi tradition impact negatively on children and increase their vulnerability to abuse and neglect. Children on street , children at work and children in institutional care reported the highest incidence of sexual assault. Child abuse traumatizes a child in various ways. From not providing required environment for a healthy growth , inflicting physical torture, mental trauma to sexually maltreating a child . While choking, burning , hitting and striking comprise physical abuse , any kind of sexual association in any form between a child and an adult results into sexual abuse. Emotionally depraving a child , hurting his self esteem or inflicting any other kind of mental trauma is a physiological abuse against the child. Child Abuse may also include not providing required food, shelter , clothing , education and an environment to the child that is necessary for an overall development of child’s personality.
Cultural norms, unsuccessful marriage and drug addiction of parents comprise as the main causes of child abuse. In an unhappy marriage, spouses vent the entire frustration on the child. Sometimes a child might also be inflicted to abuse without it being in the notice of the parents , for example , at the school , at the hands of some relative or the immediate neighborhood . It can be both, intentional or unintentional. Presently, though India has the highest number of sexually abused children in the world, there is no special law in India dealing with child abuse and child sexual abuse. The Indian Penal Code does not spell out the definition of child abuse as a specific offence ; neither does it offer legal remedy and punishment for ” child abuse”. However, to fight against this heinous crime, in 2011, Union minister of women and child development has introduced the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Bill in Rajya Sabha. This means India will soon have a comprehensive law to deal with sexual offences against children. Defining what constitutes such offences , the proposed law aims at protecting children against penetrative sexual assault, sexual harassment , pornography and also provide for establishment of special courts for speedy trail. It will provide for stringent punishment of up to 10 years jail term , which may even be extended to life imprisonment , if warranted.

THANKYOU!

11 Lessons from Bhagavad Gita Which Teaches The Very Roots Of Our Life

1. Concentrate On Your Goal Do Your Work And Focus Not On The Result

You have a certain goal in mind. To work to the topmost position in your care. Will we take the example of CEO? Your dream is to achieve the coveted position within five years. So, you will have to prepare for the role. Attending team management classes, keeping a hawk eye on the recent tech trends and all. But, you wail away time in dreaming about the perks and rewards of a CEO. Do you feel achievement of the goal is easy? NO, it is difficult.This is the main reason, Bhagavad Gita focuses on the importance of doing your duty rather than on the goal. When you focus on the rewards, you become prone to worries in case of failure. You also get depressed if the result is not positive. So it is always advisable to concentrate on the target. You can get more rewards after attaining the goal.

2. Human Life Is Full Of Battles: Never Shirk In fear – Fight To The Last, Stand Your Ground

The Supreme Power has created an even human being in a separate way – or will we say, Everyone is a MASTERPIECE. When every action you do turns negative against your goal, do not shirk in fear. Do not expect results. Always understand, it is fears and expectations that cause restrictions and limitations. A valuable lesson from Bhagavad Gita that can shape your future.

3. One of the Best Lessons From Bhagavad Gita: Identity, Recognize and Accept Equality in Life

Now, this quote is a difficult one to follow. But, definitely, life will guide any person towards achieving the knowledge. After facing many challenges in life, you tend to see all living and non-living beings as equal. Let it be any circumstance – the feeling of suffering and joy will mean the same. You realize, the bodies are different but the SOUL is one. And that is the ULTIMATE TRUTH.

4. Desires Will Come To Your Mind And Go

As a human being, you are prone to getting desires. Yet, you should neither suppress a desire nor allow it to take control of your life and mind. The lessons in Bhagavad Gita advises you to watch and enjoy the show. Remember, but doing evil actions just for the sake of fulfilling desires is harmful. Getting caught in the chains of desire will always end in harm, stress and the result – rebirth.

5. A Mind Full Of Thoughts About Money Cannot Concentrate Nor Meditate

You can find mentions of meditation in various parts of Bhagavad Gita. Meditation is the best form of non-physical activity to achieve “Inner Peace” and “Sadhana.” The quote says that a human mind hell-bent on only attaining money cannot focus on meditation nor indulge in the “Inner Self.” So, the concerned person’s mind will always be unstable, and meditation is out of reach.

6. Whatever Has Happened Is Only For The Good Future. The Activities That Are Happening At Present Are Also For A Good Cause. The Happenings In The Future, They Are Also For A Good Future

Hope, you understand the above sentences. It emphasizes on the continuance of doing your duty, no matter the result – victory or failure. So, there is no need to sulk. The worst, you can do is to put the blame on others for a failure or seek revenge. Please note, every activity in this world happens for a reason. To make you understand the importance of human life. Remember, there are also many other living beings such as plants and animals. But none can change their fate, but you as a human. So, feel proud to be one and stop dancing to the tunes of small failures.You can bask, one time in glory and there will be a bad phase, where everyone will put you on the firing range. But that is the cycle of life. It is foolish to pay attention to the past. Remember you can design a GREAT FUTURE if you concentrate on the PRESENT.

7. Change is Permanent. This is Universal Law. You can either become a billionaire or Pauper in a second.

Difficult to believe this Lesson from the Bhagavad Gita? Clarification via an explanation. Just imagine, a billionaire has more than his worth of money in the shares market. Suppose, the stock market went for a nose dive? What will be his fate – A pauper? Let us say, a poor man won a lottery worth millions of dollars. Okay, here is the real one. A student who is poor, by using knowledge wins a prize worth a million in a quiz competition.In short, permanence is never in a human life. Even our Mother Earth is in constant rotation. SHE never stops. After the night comes the day. Sweet rain comes only after Summer. All religions consider “pride” a sign of immaturity. When you accept change as a part of life, you can handle all the tough situations in a calm manner.

8. Fear Factor is a Disability

The achievement will be nil if you have the fear factor in the mind. Fear, in other words, means doubts in your ability. It will not only make you forget the goal out of fear but will make you worthless. But in case of fearless souls, the sky is the limit. Fear of the future and self-respect are the two obstacles to reach your goal.

9. You Are Born Empty-Handed, And You Will Leave This Mother Earth Empty-Handed

Are you on the path to gain more wealth? You will be taking none of the wealth nor other material possessions to your grave. You are born without a loin in this world, and your body goes the same way to the other world. Ahem! You cannot take even your mobile phone nor a picture of Ranbir Kapoor.

10. Lust, Anger as well Greed – Ways to Self-destruction

The three mentioned are always harmful to the entire mankind. Extreme craving for sex will turn a human into a sex maniac or nymphomaniac. Anger – people will think you are dominating them and you lose friendships/relationships. Greed – you are always restless. The body becomes host to problems such as high blood pressure and jealousy.

11. A Man Makes His Life Based On His Beliefs

Your thoughts define your life. If you think to be happy even in times of failure, you will be happy. If you let revenge take over the mind even in times of success, you harbor negative impressions. These are but two examples. Superstition, revenge, anger, insults are some negative impressions. They prevent us from becoming a human being.

The Bhagavad Gita is a vast book, but it is vital to learn it under the guidance of a MASTER. In this materialistic world, you are prone to negative feelings. It may be either because of your actions or others’. But when you become the Master of your own mind, you will never again feel the agony of pain or sorrow.

According to ancient texts, a human’s birth is to achieve the highest potential. In every religion, sacred texts show the followers the Divine Path. And Lessons in Bhagavad Gita gives us practical impressions of human principles. Let us read and make our life meaningful!

About that Artist – Jan van Eyck

Jan Van Eyck was one of the earliest Netherlandish painters, most renowned for his religious and naturalistic oil paintings in the 1400s and is also believed to be the inventor of oil paintings. His work includes portraits, single panels, triptychs and polyptychs, most of them are speculated to be painted in the 1430s. He paid special attention to the religious subjects and realism. 

Even though the exact year and place of Jan van Eyck’s birth is unknown but is believed to be born in the 1390s in Maaseik, a territory that belonged to the Holy Roman Empire, a city now known as Belgium. He is classified under the Flemish painters (artists who were active during the 15th and 16th centuries in Flanders). He was working in Hague somewhere between the years 1422 and 1424. Van Eyck, was the official painter to John of Bavaria, Count of Holland and continued to to work in the palace of Hague until 1325, the year in which the Count died.

After the Count’s death, he began working for Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy and worked for the duke until his death. Under Philip the Good, he did not just work as a painter but was also given political and diplomatic tasks, for which Van Eyck travelled all around Europe.

He took a lot of trips around the continent on Philip the Good’s behalf working on projects that were kept a secret and was given a salary for the same and his income did not depend solely on commissions.

It is believed that Van Eyck came from a family of painters. His brother Hubert van Eyck and he collaborated on perhaps one of Jan’s famous works Ghent Altarpiece, a polyptych altarpiece in St Bavo’s Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium which is considered as one of the most profound oil paintings. It began in 1420 and was completed about 12 years later in 1432. 

In around 1431 Jan Van Eyck, bought a house in Burges and married a lady, Margaret with whom he had 2 children. The prime of his career began in the mid 1430s, a time during which he painted Madonna of Chancellor Rolin, Lucca Madonna and Virgin and Child with Canon van der Paele.

Madonna of Chancellor Rolin, in which Virgin Mary is being crowned by an angel while holding Jesus in her lap and presenting him to Rolin. This painting was kept in a church in  Notre-Dame-du-Chastel in Autun until a fire burnt the church down in 1793 and then later, it was moved to Musée du Louvre, Paris.

Lucca Madonna, an oil painting depicting Mary sitting on a throne with Jesus Christ sitting on her lap.

In July, 1441, Van Eyck passed away and was buried in the Church of St Donatian’s graveyard. After the artist’s death, his widow was paid Van Eyck’s annual salary by Philip as a sign of utmost respect towards the artist. His reputation continued to grow after his death and many of his unfinished works were completed after his death. His brother Lambert van Eyck conducted a workshop after his death as well. 

About 20 paintings are known to be made by him in the 21st century and all of them are still waiting for the mystery that encompasses them to unwind itself.

Stephen Hawking’s final theory of black holes -The Hawking radiation

When a massive star dies, it leaves a small but dense remnant core in its wake. If the mass of the core is more than 3 times the mass of the sun, the force of gravity overwhelms all other forces and a black hole is formed. Imagine the size of a star is 10 times more massive than our sun being squeezed into a sphere with a diameter equal to the size of New York City. The result is a celestial object whose gravitational field is so strong that nothing, not even light can escape it. The history of black holes was started with the father of all physics, Isaac Newton. In 1687, Newton gave the first description of gravity in his publication, Principia mathematica, that would change the world.

Then 100 years later, John Michelle proposed the idea that there could exist a structure that would be massive enough and not even light would be able to escape its gravitational pull. In 1796, the famous French scientist Pierre-Simon Laplace made an important prediction about the nature of black holes. He suggested that because even the speed of light was slower than the escape velocity of black hole, the massive objects would be invisible. In 1915, Albert Einstein changed physics forever by publishing his theory of general relativity. In this theory, he explained space time curvature and gave a mathematical description of a black hole. And in 1964, john wheeler gave these objects the name, the black hole.

The Gargantua in Interstellar is an incredibly close representation of an actual black hole

In classical physics, the mass of a black hole cannot decrease; it can either stay the same or get larger, because nothing can escape a black hole. If mass and energy are added to a black hole, then its radius and surface area also should get bigger. For a black hole, the radius is called the Schwarzschild radius. The second law of thermodynamics states that, an entropy of a closed system is always increases or remains the same. In 1974, Stephen hawking– an English theoretical physicists and cosmologist, proposed a groundbreaking theory regarding a special kind of radiation, which later became known as hawking radiation. So hawking postulated an analogous theorem for black holes called the second law of black hole mechanics that in any natural process, the surface area of the event horizon of a black hole always increase, or remains constant. It never decreases. In thermodynamics, black bodies doesn’t transmit or reflect any radiation, it only absorbs radiation.

When Stephen hawking saw these ideas, he found the idea of shining black holes to be preposterous.  But when he applied the laws of quantum mechanics to general relativity, he found the opposite to be true. He realized that stuff can come out near the event horizon. In 1974, he published a paper where outlined a mechanism for this shine. This is based on the Heisenberg uncertainty Principe. According to the principle of quantum mechanisms, for every particle throughout the universe, there exists an antiparticle. These particles always exist in pairs, and continually pop in and out of existence everywhere in the universe. Typically, these particles don’t last long because as soon as possible and its antiparticle pop into existence, they annihilate each other and cease to exist almost immediately after their creation.

In the event horizon that the point which nothing can escape its gravity. If a virtual particle pair blip into existence very close to the event horizon of a black hole, one of the particles could fall into the black hole while the other escapes. The one that falls into the black hole effectively has negative energy, which is, in Layman’s terms, akin to subtracting energy from the black hole, or taking mass away from the black hole. The other particle of the pair that escapes the black hole has positive energy, and is referred to as hawking radiation.

The first-ever image of a black hole by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), 2019

Due to the presence of hawking radiation, a black hole continues to loss mass and continues shrinking until the point where it loses all its mass and evaporates. It is not clearly established what an evaporating black hole would actually look like. The hawking radiation itself would contain highly energetic particles, antiparticles and gamma rays. Such radiation is invisible to the naked eye, so an evaporating black hole might not look like anything at all. It also possible that hawking radiation might power a hadronic fireball, which could degrade the radiation into gamma rays and particles of less extreme energy, which would make an evaporating black hoe visible. Scientists and cosmologists still don’t completely understand how quantum mechanics explains gravity, but hawking radiation continues to inspire research and provide clues into the nature of gravity and how it relates to other forces of nature.

CYBER CRIME CASE STUDY IN INDIA

Computer Crime Cyber crime encompasses any criminal act dealing with computers and networks (called hacking).Additionally, cyber crime also includes traditional crimes conducted through the internet. For example; The computer may be used as a tool in the following kinds of activity- financial crimes, sale of illegal articles, pornography, online gambling, intellectual property crime, e-mail spoofing, forgery, cyber defamation, cyber stalking.The computer may however be target for unlawful acts in the following cases- unauthorized access to computer/ computer system/ computer networks, theft of information contained in the electronic form, e-mail bombing, Trojan attacks, internet time thefts, theft of computer system, physically damaging the computer system

Cyber Law is the law governing cyberspace. Cyberspace is a wide term and includes computers, networks,software, data storage devices (such as hard disks, USB disks), the Internet, websites, emails and even electronic devices such as cell phones, ATM machines etc.

Computer crimes encompass a broad range of potentially illegal activities. Generally, however, it may be divided into one of two types of categories

(1) Crimes that target computer networks or devices directly; Examples – Malware and malicious code, Denial-of-service attacks and Computing viruses.

(2) Crimes facilitated by computer networks or devices, the primary target of which is independent of the computer network or device. Examples – Cyber stalking, Fraud and identity theft, Phishing scams and Information warfare.

CASE STUDIES

Case no:1 Hosting Obscene Profiles (Tamil Nadu)

The case is about the hosting obscene profiles. This case has solved by the investigation team in Tamil Nadu. The complainant was a girl and the suspect was her college mate. In this case the suspect will create some fake profile of the complainant and put in some dating website. He did this as a revenge for not accepting his marriage proposal. So this is the background of the case.

Investigation Process

Let’s get into the investigation process. As per the complaint of the girls the investigators started investigation and analyze the webpage where her profile and details. And they log in to that fake profile by determining its credentials, and they find out from where these profiles were created by using access log. They identified 2 IP addresses, and also identified the ISP. From that ISP detail they determine that those details are uploaded from a café. So the investigators went to that café and from the register and determine suspect name. Then he got arrested and examining his SIM the investigators found number of the complainant.

Conclusion

The suspect was convicted of the crime, and he sentenced to two years of imprisonment as well as fine.

Case no:2 Illegal money transfer (Maharashtra)

ThIS case is about an illegal money transfer. This case is happened in Maharashtra. The accused in this case is a person who is worked in a BPO. He is handling the business of a multinational bank. So, he had used some confidential information of the banks customers and transferred huge sum of money from the accounts.

Investigation Process

Let’s see the investigation process of the case. As per the complaint received from the frim they analysed and studied the systems of the firm to determine the source of data theft. During the investigation the system server logs of BPO were collected, and they find that the illegal transfer were made by tracing the IP address to the internet service provider and it is ultimately through cyber café and they also found that they made illegal transfer by using swift codes. Almost has been  The registers made in cyber café assisted in identifying the accused in the case. Almost 17 accused were arrested.

Conclusion

Trail for this case is not completed, its pending trial in the court.

Case no:3 Creating Fake Profile (Andhra Pradesh)

The next case is of creating fake profile. This case is happened in Andhra Pradesh. The complainant received obscene email from unknown email IDs. The suspect also noticed that obscene profiles and pictures are posted in matrimonial sites.

Investigation Process

The investigators collect the original email of the suspect and determine its IP address. From the IP address he could confirm the internet service provider, and its leads the investigating officer to the accused house. Then they search the accused house and seized a desktop computer and a handicam. By analysing and examining the desktop computer and handicam they find the obscene email and they find an identical copy of the uploaded photos from the handicam. The accused was the divorced husband of the suspect.

Conclusion

Based on the evidence collected from the handicam and desktop computer charge sheet has been filed against accused and case is currently pending trial.

Hacking is a widespread crime nowadays due to the rapid development of the computer technologies. In order to protect from hacking there are numerous brand new technologies which are updated every day, but very often it is difficult to stand the hacker’s attack effectively. With some of these case studies, one is expected to learn about the cause and effect of hacking and then evaluate the whole impact of the hacker on the individual or the organization.

The history of surgery and its advancements today

Treating illness by using tools to remove or manipulate parts of the human body is an old idea. Even the minor operations carried high risks, but that doesn’t mean all early surgery failed. Indian doctors, at the beginning centuries before the birth of Christ, successfully removed tumors and performed amputations and other operations. They developed dozens of metal tools, relied on alcohol to dull the patient, and controlled bleeding with hot oil and tar. The 20th century brought even more radical change through technology. Advances in fiber optic technology and the miniaturization of video equipment have revolutionized surgery. The laparoscopy is the James Bond like gadget of the surgeon’s repertoire of instruments. Only a small incision through the patient’s abdominal wall is made into which the surgeon puffs carbon dioxide to open up the passage.

 Using a laparoscope, a visual assessment and diagnosis, and even surgery causes less physiological damage, reduces patient’s pain and speeds their recovery leading to shorter hospital stays. In the early 1900s, Germany’s George Kelling developed a surgical technique in which he injected air into the abdominal cavity and inserted a cytoscope – a tube like viewing scope to assess the patient’s innards. In late 1901, he began experimenting and successfully peered into a dog’s abdominal cavity using the technique. Without cameras, laparoscopy’s use limited to diagnostic procedures carried out by gynecologists and gastroenterologists.

By the 1980s, improvements in miniature video devices and fiber optics inspired surgeons to embrace minimally invasive surgery. In 1996, the first live broadcast of a laparoscopy took place. A year later, Dr. J. Himpens used a computer controlled robotic system to aid in laparoscopy. This type of surgery is now used for gallbladder removal as well as for the diagnosis and surgeries of fertility disorder, cancer, and hernias.

Hypothermia is a drop in body temperature significantly below normal can be life threatening, as in the case of overexposure to severe wintry conditions. But in some cases, like that of Kevin Everett of the buffalo bills, hypothermia can be lifesaver. Everett fell to the ground with a potentially crippling spinal cord injury during a 2007 football game. Doctors treating him on the field immediately injected his body with a cooling fluid. At the hospital, they inserted a cooling catheter to lower his body temperature by roughly five degrees, at the same time proceeding with surgery to fix his fractured spine. Despite fears that he would be paralyzed, Everett has regained his ability to walk, and advocates of therapeutic hypothermia feel his lowered body temperature may have made the difference.

Robotic surgery allows surgeons to perform complex rectal cancer surgery

Therapeutic hypothermia is still a controversial procedure. The side effects of excessive cooling include heart problems, blood clotting, and increased infection risk. On the other hand, supporters claim, it slows down cell damage, swelling, and other destructive processes well enough that it can mean successful surgery after a catastrophic injury. Surgical lasers can generate heat up to 10,000°F on a pinhead size spot, sealing blood vessels and sterilizing. Surgical robots and virtual computer technology are changing medical practice. Robotic surgical tools increase precision. In 1998, heart surgeons at Paris’s Broussais hospital performed the first robotic surgery. New technology allows an enhanced views and precise control of instruments.

“After a complex laparoscopic operation, the 65-year-old patient was home in time for dinner”. – Elisa Birnbaum, surgeon

Top Thailand Attractions and Places to Visit

World’s thirteenth most amicable country, twentieth most crowded nation and world’s most visited places, Thailand is a studded with a staggering blend of authentic and social destinations. The alluring coasting markets, over in excess of 40,000 Buddhist sanctuaries, remarkable landscape, intriguing sea shores, thick wildernesses and astounding dishes particularly fish, makes Thailand the most famous objective in Southeast Asia and has everything to bring to the table with various interests and financial plans. For some explorers, It is additionally an ideal spot to travel in view of the reasonable cost.

Found simply over the Equator, Thailand is the main Southeast Asian country that has never been colonized by an European force. Bangkok is the capital of Thailand, an exceptionally pleasant city brimming with antiquated sanctuaries, current shopping centers. also, by and large exceptionally swarmed. Prior to going to Thailand you should know for what Thailand is really well known for? So try to keep your hat on, It is popular for hypnotizing fascinating sea shores, very heavenly food varieties, sanctuaries, expressions, and Nightlife. It has likewise numerous little islands which have different excellent retreats.

With a flourishing vacationer industry here, It is all around created, and individuals here are extremely inviting and pleasant to travelers. Another thing, I need to tell you is that Mangoes here are supposed to be the most incredible on the planet. So remember to eat mangoes when you go there. It has a heat and humidity and the best an ideal opportunity to visit here is from November to March when the hotness and dampness, both are low.

Top Thailand Attractions and Places to Visit

In this way, in the event that you choose to do vagabonding here, let me let you know some must visiting places here-

Coasting Market

So as the name, Floating business sectors are a special way here to do the shopping and eating where the merchants conveying the products of the soil in the boat. It’s a true travel experience that gives vacationers a more critical investigate their conventional lifestyle. This basically one-time visit place is packed toward the beginning of the day yet when you will reach there, you will be hypnotized by the shadings, confusion, environment, and flavors which makes it extremely unmistakable. A portion of the well known skimming markets here are Amphawa and Damoen Sadauk markets.

Similan Islands

Situated in the region of Phang Nga in southern Thailand, Similan island is quite possibly the most famous jumping destination in the country. The submerged stone arrangements and the dazzling, bright coral reefs, exotic fishes, simply take you to an alternate world. Fundamentally, Similan alludes to the nine primary islands in the gathering. The unmistakable blue water encompassing and extraordinary submerged perceivability make it the best in the locale.

Full moon party

A the entire night sea shore party and an ideal spot for single men, a full moon party is a party coordinated along the sea shore of Haad Rin where individuals across the globe come to put on their moving shoes and partake in the moving. It is the most happening spot to visit in Thailand and it alone draws a horde of around 20000-30000 individuals consistently. There are likewise different gatherings like the Half-moon, Shiva Moon, and Black Moon parties.

The Grand castle

Aside from the extraordinary sea shores, heaps of experiences and enjoying the flavor of fish, this spot in Bangkok is a significant milestone here, which ought to be at the highest point of your voyaging spots’ rundown. It has both authentic importance and magnificent expressions. One must-see sight in Bangkok, it was a home of the Thai ruler for a long time prior, form in 1782. One should dress appropriately and talk amiably to visit this awesome Grand spot.

Ko phi

This really captivating, and excellent Phi archipelago is situated in the Krabi region closest to Phuket. Probably the loveliest in Southeast Asia, this image postcard island offers dazzling stone arrangements, exemplary sea shores, and brilliant marine life and along these lines draws in many guests to remain. One can partake in the nightlife here to the fullest with the entire island stuffed with bars, bars, and clubs, culminates for the partygoers.

Railay Beach

Again probably the most spot in Thailand situated in the Krabi area. This island is the home for individuals who love experience like journeying. This spot is mind blowing and feels like paradise. Also, this little spot has a ton to bring to the table, and you can’t miss excellent perspectives and journeying locales. Railay offers lethargic days, sunkissed sea shores, relaxed nights draw in each voyager here.

Chiang Mai

Well known for sanctuaries, modest shopping and night market, Chiang Mai is situated in the north of Thailand and has something else altogether than Bangkok. Here you can tracked down an inebriating mix of culture and nature, can meet ethnic slope clan individuals, can see elephants at a moral asylum, appreciate staggering cascades and a lot of bars to partake in the nightlife. IT is the biggest northernmost city in Thailand. Sanctuaries here have amazing design magnificence and fine construction, worth watching.

Ayutthaya

An UNESCO World Heritage Site, and an ideal spot for history and culture Enthusiasts, is a two-hour ride away from Bangkok. It was at first established in 1350 and there are numerous sanctuaries dissipated all through the city. One can see the Brilliant instances of Thai workmanship here and a wide scope of Thai design styles. It was the old capital of Siam for quite a long time. Aside from the compositional styles, guests here likewise experience a one of a kind mix of social and authentic locales, encased with a variety of fossils.

Kanchanaburi

Getaway the hustle in Bangkok and visit this spot with delightful public parks, shocking cascades, which is just two hours’ drive from Bangkok. Aside from the normal and wartime attractions, there are intriguing exhibition halls, Caves, Bridge and some additional entrancing perspectives. Get this off-beaten track and discover harmony in this less packed region.

Pattaya

The spot whose switch is consistently on and fun, incredible nightlife which is world-renowned, night marketplace for shopaholics, and an assortment of amusing to accomplish for guests. The sea shores with a steady edge, best for the water sports sweetheart. There are flawless islands off the coast that offers plunging and swimming. The tremendous Sanctuary of Truth, Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden, and a lot more places to visit here.

However It is a little country, it has a ton to bring to the table. For the people who love sea shores, Thai cooking styles, Buddhist sanctuaries, wonderful hotels and need to encounter experience, This is the ideal spot for you to visit. Appreciate!

Can we fix our Ozone layer? The Montreal protocol

Imagine that one day our Ozone layer was disappeared. What will happen? How long can we survive without it?  The Ozone layer is a region of Earth’s atmosphere that contains a high concentration of Ozone (O3). Ozone is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms. It is found in the lower portion of Earth’s atmosphere. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun’s ultraviolet rays. Direct exposure to UV rays can cause serious skin problems including sun burn, skin cancer, premature ageing of the skin, solar elastosis. It can also cause eye problems and can ruin our immune system.

  The depletion of ozone layer was first observed by a Dutch chemist Paul crutzen. He described the Ozone depletion by demonstrating the reaction of nitrogen oxide with oxygen atoms which slowing the creation of Ozone (O3). Later in 1974, American chemists Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland observed that chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) molecules emitted by man-made machines like refrigerators, air conditioners and airplanes could be the major source of chlorine in the atmosphere. One chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules.

Not all chlorine molecules contribute to ozone layer depletion; chlorine from swimming pool, sea salt, industrial plants, and volcanoes does not reach the stratosphere. The ozone hole in Antarctica is one of the largest and deepest depletion which was discovered by the British scientists. This became worldwide headlines after that. According to NASA scientist Paul Newman, if this depletion continues in this rate our ozone layer can be likely disappeared in 2065. If that happens UV rays from sun directly reach earth and cause severe health issues, Humans can last 3 months and plants may die in 2 weeks because of heavy UV radiation. Thus Earth will become inhabitable.

 Fortunately in 1987, Montreal protocol was made that bans chlorofluorocarbon and other chemicals that cause ozone depletion. Surprisingly it works, researches made in 2018 tells that the ozone layer is repairing itself at a rate of 1% to 3% per decade since 2000. Still it will take at least 50 years for complete recovery. The greenhouse effect allows the short wave radiation of sunlight to pass through the atmosphere to earth’s surface but makes it difficult for heat in the form of long wave radiation to escape. This effect blankets the earth and keeps our planet at a reasonable temperature to support life. Earth radiated energy, of which about 90 percent is absorbed by atmospheric gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and others. Absorbed energy is radiated back to the surface and warms earth’s lower atmosphere.

The gases have come to be called greenhouse gases because they hold in light and heat, just as a greenhouse does for the sake of the plants inside. Greenhouse gases are essential to life, not only at an appropriate balance point. These gases increased during the 20th century due to industrial activity and fossil fuel emissions. For example, the concentration of carbon dioxide I the atmosphere have recently been growing by about 1.4 percent annually. This increase in greenhouse gases is one of the contributors to be observed patterns of global warming. On September 16th world ozone day, we can celebrate our success. But we must all push to keep hold of these gains, in particular by remaining vigilant and tackling any illegal sources of ozone depleting substances as they arise, says UN ozone-secretariat. So without the Montreal protocol, life on earth could be a question mark, so keep working hard. “OZONE FOR LIFE”.

Top Indonesia Attractions and Places to Visit

Indonesia is a gigantic country, in both people and land zone, with essential social and geological grouped assortment. With 18,110 islands, 6,000 of them involved, it is the greatest archipelago on earth. Indonesia is honored with unsullied beaches, charming water homes on calm islands, semi dynamic volcanoes, exuberant families and their social ethos. Indonesia is actually similar to a delightful dream.

There are various fanciful spots in Indonesia, and together they offer a mix of island supernatural occurrences and spine-chilling normal educational encounters. Mix of covering islands, coastlines and lakes for the water children, public parks for regular life sweethearts, dynamic volcanoes of fluid magma for bold spirits, and places for city swashbucklers. There is something for everybody in Indonesia and has ability to expect the wandering soul of a voyager.

Here is a rundown of spots which makes Indonesia one of the most visited places in Asia.

Top Indonesia Attractions and Places to Visit

Ubud

Ubud is seen as the social heart of Bali and one of the top excursion objections in Indonesia. One can without much of a stretch arrive at this spot through transport or taxi from Bali Airport. This spot offers dance and music presentations reliably all during that time and is additionally popular for its different craftsmanship showcases and niche stores. This spot is known for its way of life and qualities. Most well known vacation spot of the city incorporates the Tegalalang Rice Terrace and Ubud Monkey Temple. Voyagers like to go for a short walk or bicycle ride to investigate the city. Best an ideal opportunity to visit this spot is from June to September. Guests ought to likewise investigate and encounter exercises like Hiking, cycling and Bali Swing.

Borobudur

Arranged in the Northwest of Yogyakarta on Java, the Borobudur is the one of the most notable Buddhist asylum on earth. The Borobudur was implicit 75 years, out of a normal 2 million squares of stone. Today it is one of the most notable get-away objections in Indonesia. This spot likewise offers different customary style inns and spots to remain too. Most popular fascination of this spot incorporates Borobudur Temple, Pawon Temple and Taman Wisata Candi Boro Borobudur. Best an ideal opportunity to visit this spot is from April to October. Voyagers can likewise investigate and entertain themselves with otherworldly and strict exercises.

Gili Island

Lombok’s most notable spot to visit, The Gili Islands are an archipelago of three little islands: Gili Trawangan, Gili Meno and Gili Air. The islands are especially loose and laid-back, with endless little sea shore side bistros serving the best ocean bottom. This spot is somewhat calmer and tranquil and offers total unwinding and loosening up. Most popular vacation destination of this spot incorporates Gili Meno, Masjid Agung Baiturrahman Gili and Gili Trawangan View Point. Best an ideal opportunity to visit this spot is from September to November. Voyagers can likewise investigate and encounter exercises like Snorkeling, Surfing, Diving, Hopping and Fishing.

Jakarta

Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, the powerful lifestyle and the combination of social orders, it has impacts from Malaysia, China, Arab, India and European too. The incredible blend of these critical social orders can be found in its plan, cooking and language. Well known for its engineering and cooking, this spot has everything to offer.Top spots and attractions of the city incorporate National Monument, Taman Mini Indonesia Ind-ah, Taman Impian Jaya An-col and Jakarta History Museum. Jakarta is maybe the perhaps the best spot in Indonesia to visit. Best an ideal opportunity to visit this spot is from June to September. Voyagers visiting ought to likewise investigate Istana Merdeka, Mona’s Tower, Menteng Shopping and Nightlife of the city.

Torajaland

One of the most visited places in Indonesia, Torajaland is a decent country region of South Sulawesi. This spot is the home of Toraja individuals. Torajans are famous for their way of life, qualities, ceremonies and colossal bested roof houses known as tongkonan. Torojans have a dynamite yet awful entombment administration customs also. This spot makes them flabbergast café and bistros which offers delicious Indonesian cooking. A portion of the should visit attractions of this spot incorporate Pallawa, Londa, Ke’te Kesu, Batu Tumonga and Lemo. Best an ideal opportunity to visit this spot is from June to August. Individuals visiting Torajaland ought to likewise investigate and encounter Kete Kesu and Hiking.

Komodo National Park

The Komodo National Park is a public park arranged inside the Lesser Sunda Islands that fuses the three greater islands Komodo, Padar and Rincah, and 26 more diminutive ones. The diversion community is named after the Komodo Dragon, the world’s greatest living Dragon/Reptile. This spot offers top notch lodgings and resorts to voyagers. Well known vacation destinations and spots incorporate Pink Beach, Pulau Kelor, Pulau Kalong and Lawa Darat Gili. Best an ideal opportunity to visit this spot are the long periods of April and December. Voyagers visiting this spot ought to encounter kayaking, jumping, journeying and island visit.

Mount Bromo

Part of the Tengger massif in East Java, Mount Bromo is a functioning fountain of liquid magma. The spot is one of the most visited get-away places in Indonesia and Java. One can undoubtedly arrive at this spot by means of taxi from Juanda International Airport. Famous and most visited vacation spots of this spot incorporate Luhur Poten Temple, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park and Lautan Pasir Bromo .This spot is included by the Sea of Sand of fine volcanic sand. The overall effect is unstintingly ridiculous. Best an ideal opportunity to visit this spot if from April to October. Explorers visiting this spot ought to encounter Hiking and Trekking.

Tanjung Puting National Park

One of the highest level spots to visit in Indonesia, The Tanjung Puting National Park is arranged on the island of Borneo in the Indonesian space of Central Kalimantan. This spot is in close to closeness of Kalimantan Airport. It offers incredibly delightful inns, hotels and Inns to remain. Top attractions and spots to visit are Tanjung Keluang, Pondok Tanggui, Camp Leakey and Kubu Beach. While investigating untamed life one can get an opportunity to go over gibbons, macaques, muddled pumas, bears, pythons, crocodiles and for the most part orangutans. Best an ideal opportunity to visit this spot is the long stretches of August and October. Voyagers visiting this lovely spot ought to likewise investigate and encounter untamed life and sea shore surfing.

Lake Toba

Lake Toba on the island of Sumatra is a huge volcanic lake around 100 kilometers long and 30 kilometers wide. The island in the middle – Pulau Samosir, is the greatest island inside an island and contains two lakes. Lake has volcanic-partner warmed waters and vacationer unwinds and loosens up themselves at this spot. This spot is additionally famous for its luscious cooking and ocean bottom. Well known and most visited attractions of this spot incorporate Air Terjun Sipiso Piso, Bu-pack Indah Simarjarunjung, Pa-sir Putih Parbaba and Bu-unit Holbung Samosir. Best an ideal opportunity to visit this spot is a long time of May and September. Guests visiting this spot ought to appreciate swimming and surfing.

Top Vietnam Attractions and Places to Visit


Voyaging is the need with regards to unwinding, restoration and loosening up. Asian country Vietnam is the response to all movement questions. It’s simply direct. With its fascinating history, a-list cusines and culture, Vietnam will invigorate every individual who visits there. Vietnam is most likely one of the serene, invigorating and loosening up place in the world. Vietnam is getting perceived as one of the world’s Best making a trip puts because of its grandness. White sand coastlines, limestone mountains, terraced rice fields and additional appealing voyagers from around the world. ‘Vietnam’ despite the fact that is single word however it can’t be portrayed in single word.
Here is a rundown of spots which makes Vietnam an Asian Paradise.
Top Vietnam Attractions and Places to Visit
Ha Long Bay
With its water green water and bundle of limestone harsh outcrops climbing from the water like sea winged snakes, Ha Long Bay takes after a scene from a fantasy story. Arranged in northern Vietnam, this phenomenal little sound remembers for abundance of 2,000 wild islands because of which this spot is locally know as ‘where the winged serpent drops into the ocean’. Ha Long Bay is covered with charming caverns, grottoes and lakes. October and November are viewed as the greatest months for visiting Ha Long Bay. Voyagers visiting Ha Long Bay ought to encounter Cruise Tours in and around the Bay.
Hanoi
Hanoi genuinely talks and depicts the Vietnamese History. At the center of Hanoi is its Old Quarter, an external show corridor of vital Asian and French pioneer designing. Hanoi has additionally been an observer and survivor of Vietnam war. In Hanoi among pleasant tree-lined roads, voyagers can investigate swarmed markets, taste coffee at bistros. Voyagers visiting Hanoi ought to likewise investigate The Grand Opera House, The Presidential Palace and Saint Joseph Cathedral.
Hoi An
Hoi An is an exquisite, old city Situated off the bank of the South China Sea in South Central Vietnam. Hoi An is additionally an UNESCO World Heritage site which is known for its religion and culture. The city’s important plan, standard culture and designs make it one of the most visited place in Vietnam. Old town of the city portrays awesome old designing, regular wooden houses and many shops selling dress, shoes, sacks, knickknacks and hand made collectibles and products. May to July is viewed as the best an ideal opportunity to visit this excellent spot. Voyagers ought to likewise investigate A Bang Beach, Cua Dai Beach, Museum of Ceramics, Fujian Assembly Hall, and Central Market
Tint
Based on the banks of the renowned ‘Aroma River’ in Vietnam is this city ‘Tint’. This spot went through a ton during Vietnam War which is as yet reflected in the city’s plan, culture and food, which likewise makes it presumably the best spot to visit in Vietnam. Tint is a mix of Old Architectures and metropolitan strategies. ‘The Citadel’ is the city’s most eminent design. January to August is the best time visit Hue. Explorers ought to likewise encounter road food sources from the merchants or go through the evening in the neighborhood bistros, partake in the nearby groups acting in nights. Voyagers ought to likewise investigate Hue Citadel, Tran Binh Dai, Tran Hai, Tran Hai Thanh and Dan Nam Giao.
Sapa
Enveloped by pictorial mountains, rice ranches and a nice assortment of tophills in the far off northwest of Vietnam, Sapa is a serene town. Sapa is likewise a base for journeying in the Hoang Lien Son Mountains and visiting rice paddies and regular towns. Explorers visiting Sapa can encounter Scrumptious Food , customs and way of life among the area. Walk to April and October to November are viewed as the best season to visit this notable Heaven.
Nha Trang
Nha Trang is The capital city of Khánh Hòa Province arranged on the shore of South Central Vietnam. Nha Thrang is brimming with Beautiful mountains, Beaches and rich islands which makes it a most cherished sea shore location among guests. This spot is a paradise for Swimmers and scubadivers. This spot has a great deal of resorts, palm trees and a staggering promenades which draws in a ton of explorers consistently. Individuals visiting Nha Thrang ought to likewise investigate Oceanographic Museum of Vietnam, Po Nagar Tower, Vinpearl Land, and Long Son Pagoda.
Mekong Delta
Mekong Delta, known for its Natural item manors, rice paddies, sugar stick woodlands, and towns draw in huge number of explorers. Nicknamed “Vietnam’s Rice Basket,” the Mekong Delta is a cultivating region. This spot reaches out from the Gulf of Thailand to Ho Chi Minh City. Mekong Delta is generally famous for its Floating business sectors and Houseboats. Explorers visiting this spot ought to encounter Cruise safari, skimming business sector, and taking care of catfish in fish ranch.
Ho Chi Minh
Lying along the Siagon River near the Mekong Delta in southern Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh . Today, Ho Chi Minh City is the greatest city of the reunified country, offering an ideal mix of customary just as advanced engineering and way of life. Voyagers will investigate Traditional and old Vietnam war influenced spots, designs and dedications to Modern day ponders like Shopping Malls, Restaurants and Bistros. May to November is the best an ideal opportunity to visit Ho Chi Minh. Despite the fact that it pours during this time-frame yet it would just make venture more essential as it makes city more green.
My Son
This strange named delightful spot is arranged on the shoreline of Vietnam near the Duy Phú town. My child is the main archeological site in Vietnam. One of Southeast Asia’s most prominent old places, My Son was all at once a basic central spot of Hindu capacities. My Son is one of the most visited places in Vietnam and Indians in huge number visit this spot annualy. Explorers should visit Temples of Bhadresvara, Prakash Dharma, and Sambhu Barman.

Kati Bihu of Assam: Few Facts

By working as an academician in an organisation of the Government of India I have the opportunity to visit across India including many many rural areas and also many foreign countries (now I am retired on superannuation). Here​,​ I will present a few facts based on the Bihu​s​ of Assam.  Three Bihus are celebrated in Assam​ ​- Bhogali or Magh Bihu ( mid-January​-​ 13/14/15 , date varies as per Assamese calendar); Rongali or Bohag Bihu is ​celebrated  in April 14/15, Kongali or Kati Bihu is observed in  mid-October. This year 2021, the date of Kati Bihu is on 18 October. It is pertinent to mention that all three Bihus are connected to agriculture. Rongali Bihu is the celebration of the end of the Assamese  Year and the beginning of New year. Bhogali Bihu is a harvesting festival so a lot of foods are prepared by the Assamese ladies. On the other hand, Kati Bihu is also called Kongali (“Poor”) as the granaries are usually empty and there is not much to eat at this time of the year, so it is not a joyous celebration. ​It may be mentioned here that during Ronagli Bihu days beautiful dances known as Bihu dances are performed​ by the males and females irrespective of age​. The people wear new dresses and ladies wear the famous ‘Mekhla-Chadar’.   During Kati Bihu earthen lamps (in Assamese it is called Saaki) are lit in the courtyard particularly near the sacred Tulshi plant , paddy fields and bhoral ghars (place of granary​).  In the paddy fields, the farmers lit up a special kind of lamp, known as ‘Akash Banti’ or ‘Sky lamp’.

I wish to mention here people of Assam in general and Assamese in particular are sociable and hospitable. They will at least invite for lunch or dinner if one visits as a guest or for official work to the State​ and any Assamese person is assigned to receive the guest as liaison ​. If the Assamese family is from the upper ​region of Assam viz., Sibsagar, Dibrugarh, Jorhat, Golaghat, Makum, Digboi etc., duck meat is usually offered along with other sumptuous foods including fish. In the lower region of Assam viz., Guwahati, Nalbari, Kamrup, Barpeta etc., along with other items pigeon meat ​is ​prepared with black-pepper ​and served plus fish.  If the guest is vegetarian, a lot of vegetarian dishes are prepared with local vegetables and milk. Another important item is ‘Khar’. It is an indigenous product normally prepared at home, an alkaline-based delicacy and used to prepare vegetable curry and ​d​als (pulse preparation). ​After food, ​ each guest is ​presented with a hand-made towel, locally known as ‘Gamocha’.  It may be mentioned that weaving is another important a​ctivity of the cultural life of Assamese people. Most of the Assamese ladies know weaving and in each rural household ​at least one ​loom can be found. They make ‘Sarees’, ‘Mekhla-chadar’, ‘Gamocha’ etc.  

Before I conclude, I wish to mention that Assamese people observe all the pan-Indian religious festivals, but their most important celebrations are Bhogali and Rongali Bihu which are celebrated irrespective of caste, creed and religion. And few other festivals inter alia are Ali-Ai-Ligang, Baikho, Rongker, Rajini Gabra Harni Gabra, Baishagu, in addition to Durga Puja.​ I suggest  please visit Assam  and other North-eastern States. Pristine beauty can be seen in the region.