Importance of Adult Education

Adult Education provides opportunities for adult citizens to enroll in educational programs to improve their knowledge and skills. This is a great initiative to empower adults and help expand their career horizons. Adult education plays an important role in the development of a country. This is useful not only for those who did not have the opportunity to study in their childhood, but also for those who had to drop out of school mid- or long-term in order to pursue another degree.

Everyone knows the importance of education. An educated person is knowledgeable and worldly about various subjects. He is more confident and has a better ability to make decisions on various issues. he is an asset to society. Adult education should be promoted because many people are deprived of their right to education at an early age for various reasons. Adult education programs allow education to continue into adulthood.

The Importance of Adult Education

• Adult Education: Essential to a Democratic System

In democracies like India, adults have the right to vote regardless of educational qualifications and are free to choose right or wrong as they see fit . The illiterate can never understand the nature of the political system. He is ignorant of the rights and duties of his elected leader.

What is the use of the political system in delegating the power to elect its leaders to people who do not know when, how, or what will be done? It is to increase the literacy rate of the country so that we can make better decisions when choosing a government.

Adult education must be given a special place in democratic systems so that people can exercise their right to vote in a meaningful way.

• National development: Adult education also plays an important role in national development. Countries with more educated people are more likely to develop and prosper. Well-educated people enter different career fields and work hard to acquire the skills necessary to effectively manage their positions.

Cultivate a desire to learn and grow. As they grow professionally, so does their organization, and ultimately the country as a whole. It goes without saying that if our country has a large number of educated and qualified professionals, our country will grow and develop faster.

Methods of Conducting Adult Education

Some of the methods of conducting adult education are listed below:

• Government should establish adult education schools in every corner of the country.

• Teachers and administrators of remote schools should take the lead in reaching out to adults living there and encouraging them to make the most of adult education programs.

• Roadside sketches should be done to emphasize the importance of adult education.

• Governments should promote adult education through radio, television and other media.

• Those entering adult education schools should encourage those around them to enroll and receive education in these schools.

Conclusion

Adult education is of utmost importance. Our government has already recognized its importance, but many people in our country have not yet recognized its importance. Many schools were established by the government to provide adult education. But the role of government does not end there.

Achievements of India in Science and Technology

The achievements of India in science and technology are well-known around the world. Indian scientists are renowned personalities who have stunned the world with their breakthrough scientific contributions. In the last few decades, numerous contributions have been made in sectors like agriculture, healthcare, space research, and nuclear power, including:

• Development of indigenous nuclear technology

• Development of satellite communication

• Development of atomic clock

The achievements of India in the field of science and technology are endless. Be it space or medicine, India’s innovation has a worldwide reputation. We have listed some of the notable contributions below.

Achievements of India in the Field of Science and Technology

India has made some great achievements in the field of science and technology. Be it ancient technology or modern one, the country has contributed greatly to its development on a global level. Here are some of the notable innovations that the scientists of the country developed:

Development of Modern Agricultural Technology During The Green Revolution

The Green Revolution was an achievement that ended India’s dependency on foreign countries for food grains. After independence, the country needed modern agricultural technology, better water supply, and high-yielding seeds to increase crop production. To tackle the situation, agro-scientists developed tools and techniques that helped with increasing agricultural production. It consequently led to India becoming the leading exporter of food grains as well.

Introducing Asia-Pacific’s Largest Satellite Communication System

Vikram Sarabhai, the chairman of the Indian National Committee for Space Research, envisioned using satellite technology for communication and weather forecasting. India soon became a capable developer of space technology and introduced Space Instructional Television Experiment (SITE). In 1983, India launched INSAT, Asia-Pacific’s largest domestic communication system. This achievement of India in the field of science and technology has been a game-changer.

Supplying Affordable and Effective Drugs and Vaccines Globally

India holds the title of “the pharmacy of the world” today. This is due to the contribution of India to the global supply of affordable, effective drugs and vaccines. The government established Hindustan Antibiotics Limited in 1954, followed by Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited. In the private sector, the Central Drug Research Institute council was expanded by Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar. The joint efforts of both sectors took us to where we are today.

Development of Indigenous Defence Systems

The Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) (1958) has helped India build a powerful defence system to stand against the potential threats from China and Pakistan.

One of the greatest achievements of India in the field of science and technology is that it has built aircraft, arms, tanks, EW systems, missile systems, etc. India also became nuclear-powered after testing the first successful nuclear test in 1974 at Pokhran.

Successful Space Missions

Vikram Sarabhai helped set up the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969, which has been a cornerstone in our progress in space research. Our first satellite, Aryabhatta, was launched with the Soviet Union in 1975. It was followed by two successful space missions, Chandrayan (2008) to the moon and Mangalyaan (2014) to the orbit of Mars. Mangalyaan made India the first nation to send a satellite to the orbit of Mars in the first attempt.

Significant Contributions to the Global IT Industry

In 1970, the Department of Electronics was established in India, along with public sector companies like ECIL and CMC, which broke the monopoly of certain global IT companies. Today, India is the largest exporter of IT services. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is ranked among the top 10 IT companies in the world.

Global Recognition of Achievements of India in Science and Technology

India has been one of the pioneers of modern-day science and technology. Indian scientists have proved their competence and made India one of the scientific centers of the world. With more and more innovations in sectors like defence, IT, agriculture, etc., the future seems even brighter for the country’s innovators.

Many of India’s proud contributors to science and technology have received global recognition in the form of awards and nominations. A total of 12 Indians have also been awarded the Nobel prize for their scientific and technological contributions.

Media: The Fourth pillar of Democracy

The fourth pillar of democracy is the media:

• Media play an important role in the survival and thriving of democracy. It is the link between government and citizens, providing citizens with knowledge of government actions, policies, and inefficiencies.

• As the fourth pillar, media play a key role in realizing the true meaning of democracy.

Media’s Role in Linking Governments and Citizens:

Sources of Information: Impartial information is essential to democracy and its development. Media helps convey important knowledge to people. For example, data about economy, health, education, etc.

Education: The media is very important to educate people about the issues that matter most to society. Rising rapes are a public concern. Accurate case counts should be published to contribute to public enlightenment.

Awareness: The media reminds society of its democratic rights, and the media helps maintain checks and balances.

Ensuring equity: The media play a key role in ensuring justice and reaching the benefits of government policy to vulnerable segments of society. For example, the Priyadarshini Mattoo case, the Jessica Lal case, the Nitish Katara murder case, and the Bijal Joshi rape case are notorious criminal cases that could not have been solved without media intervention.

Watchdog: Media coverage of public relations and investigations of public relations misconduct are essential to a stable democracy. That means exposing situations of fraud and abuse that directly benefit politicians. This encourages people to vote for the best government to defeat the corrupt and dishonest government.

Good Governance: The media plays a key role in scrutinizing government policies and spending. An impartial media is important for transparent reporting.

Accountability: Informed people need to question government policies based on facts and statistics to ensure accountability and accountability.

Dissemination of government policies: The media are involved in disseminating and disseminating various government policies and initiatives. The media played an important role in spreading awareness of such as Swachh Bharat and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao.

What is press freedom?

• Press freedom in India is considered part of the freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by the Constitution under Section 19(1)(a).

• Restrictions on ‘freedom of opinion and speech’ extend to ‘freedom of press and media’.

• Section 19 (2) provides for reasonable limitations relating to Indian sovereignty and dignity, national security, public order, decency, morality, or judicial contempt and defamation for the following reasons: I’m here.

What must be done to protect press freedom?

An independent judiciary that upholds constitutional guarantees of press freedom is an important guarantor of this fundamental right.

•Media self-regulation and powerful institutions such as the Media Ombudsman and Complaints Board enable ethical compliance.

• A regulatory body consisting of both media representatives and government agencies should be established to ensure that the media can operate fairly while controlling arbitrariness.

• Reform should come especially from senior media editors and journalists. They should start by exposing cases of fake news and conflicts of interest and making the press more open.

• We also need legal support for the PCI (Press Council of India) to grant more regulatory powers.

What problems do Indian media face today?

Freedom of the press is restricted due to laws relating to media coverage, defamation cases, and other cases.

Paid News seems to be firmly entrenched in India as a link between media professionals and politicians. For example, fake polls during elections. Between 2009 and 2013, the Election Commission said he detected more than 1,400 paid messages. The credibility of news channels and newspapers has been undermined by biased reporters, editors and others.

Corporate and Political Lobbying and Ownership: Most media outlets are owned or sponsored by corporations with their own political leanings, limiting the media’s unbiased reporting.

Yellow Journalism: Unnecessarily raising issues to get TRP confuses real news footage. Examples: Live coverage of the Sushant Singh Rajput incident and the 9/26 attacks. in Bombay.

Poor regulation: Self-regulatory bodies like PCI (Press Council of India) do not have the power to regulate the press or to legislate.

The emergence of digital media: Fighting for news exclusivity just to meet higher commitments without testing the credibility of the news. Media Trial: In many cases, the media will announce the verdict shortly after the allegation. This is a contempt of court and an infringement of the defendant’s status who will later be expelled.

Some Facts about NASA

Facts about NASA:

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is a US government agency that plays a key role in aerospace science and technology. The Space Age began in 1957 with the launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik. Let’s take a look at some interesting untold facts about NASA.

NASA’s work includes conducting scientific research, helping scientists learn more about the Earth, studying the solar system, and more. In addition, new developments improve air travel and other aspects of flight. There is a lot of other work going on at NASA.

NASA’s History Office Program publishes quarterly newsletters, publishes books, hosts social media, provides grants, educates the public about various space missions, space history, and more Did you know that we run a collection of historical materials to help? Over the years, NASA has been responsible for several space explorations originating in the United States.

• In 1958, NASA was founded by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. It was then established as a civilian independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government.

• Before NASA was founded, President Woodrow Wilson established the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Its primary function is to supervise and direct scientific research and investigate flight-related issues.

• Remember Sputnik 1, the world’s first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviets just one year before NASA was founded? , clicked a picture of the surface of the Earth from space.

• In the late 1960s, President John F. Kennedy gave NASA the goal of sending humans to the moon.

On July 20, 1969, humans first walked on the moon as part of the Apollo 11 mission. About a dozen men walked on the moon in all Apollo programs. The 1970 Apollo 13 moon landing was aborted after an oxygen tank exploded.

• A research aircraft known as the SR-71 or “Blackbird” used by NASA to test high-speed, high-altitude aviation research. It was designed in secret in the 1950s by Lockheed’s Advanced Development Company, also known as “Skunk Works”.

• NASA Headquarters is in Washington, D.C.; He has nine centers, a jet propulsion laboratory, and seven testing laboratories in several states across the United States. Did you know that over 17,000 people work for his NASA, many of them as government contractors?Astronauts are NASA’s most famous employees. Most of NASA’s staff are scientists and engineers. Some people here have different jobs, such as writers, lawyers, and teachers.

• NASA currently has astronauts living and working on the International Space Station. NASA’s robotic space probes have visited every corner of the solar system and various celestial bodies. With the help of telescopes, scientists explore the vastness of the universe. In fact, satellites have assisted and provided multiple data about the Earth that have helped us understand multiple phenomena and valuable information for a better understanding of weather patterns.

• NASA also showed new employees the movie Armageddon and questioned them about the movie’s inaccuracies. At least 168 people have been confirmed. In 1972, NASA and the Department of Health, Education and Human Services created the Learning Channel (TLC).

• Did you know that NASA has a program to deal with life on other planets and if it is found it will be known as the Planetary Protection Agency? They have also discovered a “water world” 40 light-years away, which may contain exotic materials such as hot ice and superfluid water.

• NASA has designed a spacecraft that can use nuclear explosions to deflect approaching asteroids. Also, a NASA scientist invented his Super Soaker spray gun.

• On November 26, 2011, NASA launched a mission to Mars and landed on Mars on August 6, 2012. This is intended to determine that Mars supports microbial life.

• The Artemis program is NASA’s lunar exploration program. By 2024, NASA has promised to land American astronauts on the moon, including the first woman and the next man.

• NASA helps teachers prepare students to be future engineers, scientists, astronauts, and other NASA personnel. They become adventurers who continue to explore the solar system and space. In fact, NASA has a tradition of investing in programs and activities that inspire students, educators, families, and others. NASA provides training for teachers to learn new ways to teach science, technology, and mathematics.

Therefore, NASA’s vision is to discover and expand knowledge for the benefit of mankind.

Social and economic empowerment

Social empowerment

The process of gaining a sense of independence and
self-assurance and taking action both individually and collectively to alter
social interactions as well as the institutions and discourses that exclude and
keep poor people in poverty is known as social empowerment. Individual assets
(like land, housing, livestock, and savings) and capabilities of all
kinds—human (like good health and education), social (like social belonging, a
sense of identity, and leadership relationships—all have a significant impact
on how empowered poor people are and their capacity to hold others accountable
(self-esteem, self-confidence, the ability to imagine and aspire to a better
future). Collective human assets and capacities, such as voice, organization,
representation, and identity, are also significant.

Participation by low-income individuals in neighborhood
organizations and mechanisms for intercommunity cooperation can promote social
empowerment by enhancing their abilities, knowledge, and self-perception. Local
organizations, such as farming cooperatives or microfinance groups, serve as
self-help mechanisms for poor people to organize their economic activities.

It is also crucial to acknowledge that informal organizations
like religious institutions, traditional and customary institutions, and
informal community-based groups make up the majority of associational life at
the local level. These organizations have the biggest impact on the lives of
the underprivileged.

Vulnerable groups, including the extremely poor, women, and
marginalized communities, frequently lack the knowledge and self-assurance
necessary to participate in collective decision-making. Therefore, in order to
ensure that marginalized groups may participate, it may be crucial to support
procedures that are expressly aimed at them. It is argued that involvement in
neighborhood organizations can give low-income people more power to participate
in public politics and group action. Building one’s capacity to interact, both
individually and collectively, is a lengthy process, according to study.

Economic empowerment

It is believed that economic empowerment enables low-income
individuals to think beyond their immediate daily needs and to exercise greater
control over their resources and lifestyle decisions. For instance, it gives
households the freedom to decide for themselves whether to invest in their
children’s health and education or take financial risks in an effort to enhance
their income. There is some evidence that increasing economic emancipation can
increase the influence of disadvantaged groups in decision-making. Programs
like microfinance, for instance, have been demonstrated to increase women’s
power in the home and workplace. The evidence also implies that greater social
status or decision-making authority can frequently be “converted”
from economic power.

A significant portion of the extensive literature on
economic empowerment, which is a fundamental tactic in tackling gender inequality,
is devoted to the economic empowerment of women. More broadly, the conversation
about economic empowerment is centered on four themes:

a) highlighting the assets of the poor;

b) innovative social protection;

c) microfinance;

d) skills development.

Land and property rights

Uncovering underlying economic, social, and political
inequities is said to be facilitated by ensuring that everyone has access to
land and property, especially women. It has been demonstrated that addressing
land entitlements can boost revenue, increase productivity, increase credit
availability, and stimulate social and economic investments in real estate, as
well as in fields like education, health, and other businesses that generate
income. The empowerment of communities through land titling or sharing
ownership with private entities, mandatory consultations and benefit-sharing,
mandatory social impact assessments, cash or in-kind compensations, and legal
redress for property damage are key topics of discussion in contexts where the
management of natural resources may present issues.

Social protection

More and more, social protection is being examined in terms
of its capacity to fundamentally alter the chances and status of marginalized
groups. By assisting individuals in developing strategies to reconcile their
immediate needs with their investments in future livelihoods, social protection
services are thought to empower the poor. They make it possible for people to
invest in riskier but more lucrative activities like starting their own
business or keeping their kids in school. Social safety nets are especially
crucial for people who lack the resources to even make tiny savings. There is
evidence that social protection interventions have influenced investments in
children’s human capital and capacities, increased the productivity of
household livelihood efforts, contributed to a sense of inclusion and
citizenship, mobilized the underprivileged around entitlement claims, and had
an impact on the local economy.

Cash transfers are believed to help disadvantaged
individuals build their self-esteem, status, and sense of empowerment so they
can participate fully in their families and communities rather than being seen
as “burdens.” For instance, there is compelling evidence that financial
transfers can eliminate social disadvantage based on age. Social pensions have
been found to improve the status of elderly people without relatives in Namibia
and Lesotho who would otherwise be alone and excluded from community life.
Additionally, cash transfers are thought to be a particularly successful method
of empowering women and girls in the home. Cash transfers can improve
intra-household resource allocation by addressing gender disparities in access
to economic resources and putting money directly into the hands of women. This
will give women more negotiating leverage. However, it is suggested that
conditional cash transfers (CCTs), which demand that kids go to school and have
physicals, reinforce gender stereotypes that males are the breadwinners and
women are in charge of the home. Overall, there is still inconsistent
information regarding how cash transfer schemes affect empowerment.

Skills Training

Another way to support empowerment is through initiatives
that encourage marginalized groups (like young people or undocumented workers)
to acquire new skills and undergo training. People’s self-perceptions and
status are thought to change as a result of learning new things, which also
improves their employability and promotes active citizenship.

Microfinance

Financial services for persons without access to
conventional formal banking are referred to as microfinance. It comprises
services for money transfers, insurance, and microcredit (the provision of
loans). People have long been believed to be empowered by microfinance
initiatives to invest in their futures and escape poverty. The influence of
microcredit and microloans on the empowerment of the poor, however, is causing
increasing worry, and the focus on helping the “poorest of the poor”
may not be the best strategy.

Indian National Movement

Indian National Movement

The Indian National Movement was a well-organized mass movement
affected by both internal and external influences and concerned with the
interests of the Indian people. In 1885, the Indian National Congress was
founded as a result of it. The following is detailed.

It has been noted that a number of political, sociocultural, and
economic forces combined in India’s freedom wars to fuel the emergence of
nationalism.

• On 28
December 1885 Indian National Congress (INC) was founded on the
premises of Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit School at Bombay. It was presided over by
W.C Banerjee and attended by 72 delegates. A.O Hume played an instrumental role
in the foundation of INC with an aim to provide Safety Valve to the British
Government.

• A.O Hume served
as the first General Secretary of INC.

• The real Aim of
Congress is to train the Indian youth in political agitation and to organize or
to create public opinion in the country. For this, they use the method of an
annual session where they discuss the problem and passed the resolution.

• Indian nationalism’s initial or initial phase is also known as
its moderate phase (1885-1905). W.C. Banerjee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, R.C.
Dutt, Ferozeshah Mehta, George Yule, and others were moderate leaders.

• Moderates embraced the PPP path—protest, prayer, and
petition—and have complete faith in the British government.

• After 1892, extremism in the congress started to emerge as a
result of dissatisfaction with the Moderates’ working practices Lala Lajpat
Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh were the
leaders of the extremists. They place a stronger focus on swadeshi,
self-reliance, and constructive labor than the PPP method.

• The Swadeshi and Boycott Resolution was enacted in 1905, the
same year that Lord Curzon announced the partition of Bengal for administrative
purposes.

• The first Independence Day celebration took place on January 26,
1930.

• The Dandi March served as the catalyst for the Civil
Disobedience Movement. Gandhi Ji and his 78 disciples marched from Sabarmati
Ashram to Dandi from March 12 to April 6, 1930, breaking the salt ban by
producing salt on April 6.

• The First Round Table Conference took place on November 12,
1930.

• The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5th, 1931.

• The trial of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev took place on
March 23, 1931.

• The Karachi INC Session, presided over by Vallabh Bhai Patel,
took place on March 29, 1931. A resolution on economic policy and fundamental
rights was enacted for the first time during this session.

• Gandhi ji represented the Congress at the Second Round Table
Conference, which took place on September 7, 1931.

• The Communal or Ramsay Macdonald Award was announced on August
16, 1932.

• The Poona Pact was signed on September 26, 1932.

• The Third Round Table Conference took place in November 1932.

• The Government of India Act, which established the All India
Federation, Provincial Autonomy, and Diarchy, was approved in 1935.

Towards Quit India
Movement

Important Congress Sessions:

1936 – Lucknow (UP) – Presided by J.L Nehru

1937 – Faizpur (Maharashtra) – Presided by J.L Nehru (First
session held in the village)

1938 – Haripura (Gujarat) – Presided by S.C Bose

1939 – Tripuri (M.P) – Presided by S.C Bose

• The Second World War began in September 1939, and without
India’s agreement, it was proclaimed an ally.

• S.C. Bose created Forward Bloc in 1939. It belonged to the left.

• Viceroy Lord Linlithgow issued the August Offer on August 10,
1940, in an effort to win the support of Indians for the Second World War.

• On March 11, 1942, Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced
the dispatch of a team, led by Sir Stafford Cripps, to establish a
constitutional solution and address Indian issues.

• Following the collapse of the Cripps Mission, Indian leaders
began the Quit India movement in 1942, and Gandhi Ji prepared the resolution.
Gandhi ji issued the command “Do or Die.”

• Captain Mohan Singh and Niranjan Gill established the Indian
National Army in Singapore in 1942. S. C. Bose assumed control of the
organization’s second headquarters in Singapore and Rangoon.

• S.C. Bose established the Azad Hind Government in Singapore on
October 21, 1943. A female regiment by the name of Rani Jhansi existed.

• The Second World War came to an end in 1945.

• Lord Wavell suggested the Shimla Conference or Wavell Plan in
1945 to break the political impasse.

• In 1946, Prime Minister Clement Attlee unveiled the Cabinet
Mission Plan.

• J.L. Nehru established an interim government on September 2nd,
1946.

• Lord Mountbatten was deployed to India in March 1947 in an
effort to establish a means to transfer authority. sometimes referred to as
Balkan Plan

• The Independence of India Act, 1947, which granted India and
Pakistan the status of Dominion States, was passed on June 3.

NATIONAL MATHEMATICS DAY

On December 22, India’s eminent mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan celebrates his birth anniversary. Mathematicians consider Ramanujan’s intellect to be on par with that of Euler and Jacobi in the 18th and 19th centuries. His work in number theory is well appreciated, and he produced significant breakthroughs in the partition function. Since 2012, India has celebrated National Mathematics Day on December 22nd each year, with several educational events held in schools and universities around the country. The inauguration of the Ramanujan Math Park in Kuppam, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, in 2017 added to the day’s prominence. Mathematics enthusiasts like Sri Ramanujan may be found all throughout the world, and some even help others improve their knowledge of the subject.

HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS DAY

Srinivasa Ramanujan is the outstanding mathematician who inspired the creation of Mathematics Day in India, and whose works influenced many people throughout the country and around the world. Ramanujan was born in Erode, Tamil Nadu, in 1887 to an Iyengar Brahmin family. Despite his lack of formal schooling, he excelled at trigonometry at the age of 12 and discovered several theorems for himself.

Ramanujan became qualified for a scholarship to study at the Government Arts College, Kumbakonam, after finishing secondary school in 1904, but he was denied since he did not excel in other courses. Ramanujan ran away from home at the age of 14 and joined at Pachaiyappa’s College in Madras, where he also excelled in mathematics but struggled in other courses and was unable to graduate with a Fellow of Arts degree. Ramanujan conducted independent research in mathematics despite living in severe poverty.

The aspiring mathematician was soon discovered in Chennai’s mathematics circles. Ramaswamy Iyer, the founder of the Indian Mathematical Society, assisted him in obtaining a clerk position at the Madras Port Trust in 1912. Ramanujan subsequently began sending his work to British mathematicians, and in 1913, Cambridge-based GH Hardy invited him to London after being impressed by Ramanujan’s theorems.

Ramanujan arrived in Britain in 1914, where Hardy enrolled him at Trinity College, Cambridge. Ramanujan was well on his way to success after being elected to the London Mathematical Society in 1917, and he also became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1918, making him one of the youngest to attain the prestigious post.

Ramanujan returned to India in 1919 because he couldn’t adjust to the British cuisine. His condition deteriorated further, and he died in 1920 at the age of 32. His talents in mathematics, however, are still highly appreciated around the world. Ramanujan left behind three notebooks with unpublished results that mathematicians continued to work on for years. So much so that in 2012, former Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced December 22 — Ramanujan’s birthday — as National Mathematics Day, to be observed throughout the country.

Ramanujan number – 1729

The Ramanujan Number is another name for 1729. When Ramanujan, the brilliant Indian mathematician, was in England, he became very unwell. Prof. Hardy contacted Ramanujan in the hospital and told him that 1729 sounded like a boring number and that he hoped it didn’t turn out to be an unfavourable omen. However, Ramanujan stated that 1729 is a highly fascinating number since it is the smallest number that can be represented in the form of the sum of cubes of two numbers in two ways, i.e. 1729=1³+12³=9³+10³. Since then, the number 1729 has been dubbed Ramanujan’s number.

Land reforms in India

Land reforms in India:

To put it simply, Land reforms are the equitable land allocations with the intention of boosting productivity and reducing poverty. It entails the sale of land from a small number of landowners to a large number of people who lack land or own much too little.

Objectives of land reforms:

• Redistribution of land so that it is not controlled by a small number of individuals.

• A land ceiling that distributes surplus land to marginal and small farmers.

• A reduction in rural poverty.

• Elimination of middlemen

Tenancy reforms

• Increasing production in agriculture.

• The consolidation of land ownership and the avoidance of fragmentation of the land.

• Promoting cooperative agriculture.

• To promote economic parity and social equality.

• Tribal protection by preventing outsiders from claiming their ancestral lands.

• Land reforms were also implemented for industrial and commercial growth.

The elimination of intermediaries that were part of the various British administrations in India has mainly been accomplished. The outcomes for the other goals have been inconsistent and differ across states and extended periods. The implementation of land reforms differs from state to state because they fall under the State List. The largest and most effective changes occurred in Kerala and West Bengal, two communist strongholds. Due to land reforms, there were intercommunity conflicts in Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar.

Since its independence, India has undergone four “experiments” to redistribute landholdings. As follows:

• Reforms that come from “above,” or via legislation.

• Top-down government reforms accompanied by peasant mobilisation, like in Kerala and West Bengal, where land was acquired and redistributed, as well as to better the conditions of peasants.

• The “land grab” movement as well as the Naxalite movement.

• Reforms that come from “bottom,” like as the Bhoodan and Gram Dan movements, which involved farmers marching in peace and making voluntary donations to landlords.

Zamindari Abolition Acts

When these laws first passed in different states, they were initially contested in court as being in violation of the Indian Constitution’s protection of property rights. As a result, the Parliament approved legislation that made landlordism illegal. Zamindari abolition laws had been adopted in various states by 1956. This led to the acquisition of ownership rights over 62 lakh acres of land nationwide by about 30 lakh tenants and sharecroppers.

Land Ceilings Act

The term “land ceiling” describes placing a limit on the amount of land that a family or individual may own. Any extra land is given to tenants, farmers, or agricultural workers who are landless.

Tenancy reforms

This emphasized three things:

• Rent control

• Security of tenure

• Giving tenants ownership rights

Outcomes of Land Reforms

• Elimination of intermediaries like landlords

Zamindars and Jagirdars, two strong classes, vanish from existence. This lessened the exploitation of the peasants because they now owned the land they farmed. The Zamindars, who used numerous strategies to get around the law, bitterly opposed this action. They used their relatives’ names when registering their own land. In order to prevent renters from acquiring incumbency rights, they routinely moved tenants among other land parcels.

• Land limit

A family or individual could only own so much land, but there was some room for equitable allocation of land. The land reforms would not have been at least partially effective if there had simply been landlord abolition and no land ceiling. Land ceiling prevented wealthy farmers or higher tenants from assuming the role of new avatar Zamindars.

• Possession of land

Land is a source of social stature in addition to economic wealth. Prior to the implementation of land reforms, it was not required to keep ownership documents. Additionally, it is required to record all tenancy agreements.

• Enhanced efficiency

Since tillers themselves became the landowners, more land was put under cultivation, which boosted production.

In the states of West Bengal and Kerala, land reforms were generally successful due to the left-wing administrations’ political commitment to effectively putting them into action. In these areas, both the ownership and patterns of landholding, as well as the situation of peasants, underwent a form of revolution. “Land to the tiller” was the rallying cry. Also in Jammu and Kashmir, efforts to redistribute land to labourers without access to it have had some success.

Drawbacks of land reforms

• There are still a lot of small and marginal farmers in India who cling to moneylenders and are perpetually in debt.

• Poverty persists in rural areas.

States have different land ceilings.

• The Land Ceiling Act exempted numerous plantations.

Huge landholdings are owned by a lot of persons under the moniker “benami.”

Agrarian reforms, which focus on ways to increase the productivity of land, particularly agricultural land, are another type of land reform. Included in this is the Green Revolution.

• There are still a lot of small and marginal farmers in India who cling to moneylenders and are perpetually in debt.

• Poverty persists in rural areas.

States have different land ceilings.

• The Land Ceiling Act exempted numerous plantations.

Huge landholdings are owned by a lot of persons under the moniker “benami.”

Agrarian reforms, which focus on ways to increase the productivity of land, particularly agricultural land, are another type of land reform. Included in this is the Green Revolution.

The Central Land Reforms Committee’s suggestions were put into practise in the late 1960s and early 1970s to close several loopholes in the land reforms.

• In accordance with the crop pattern, the ceiling was lowered. It was increased to 54 acres for less desirable dry ground.

• The five-person family was treated as a single unit for legal purposes.

• Priority was given to distributing land, especially to SC and ST populations and landless peasants.

Under the terms of the Land Acquisition Act of 1894, the government was in charge of acquiring land. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation, and Resettlement Act of 2013 took the place of this outdated statute, which was insufficient to answer the concerns of farmers. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation, and Resettlement (Amendment) Bill of 2015, which the government introduced in 2015 together with a few other legal changes, became operative as an ordinance.

What Are the Elements of Design?

Shape, color, space, form, line, value, and texture are only a few of the fundamental components of any visual design known as the elements of design. To produce an image that can elicit a variety of emotions, evoke a certain atmosphere, or attract the attention in a specific direction, graphic designers use design components. While the fundamental building blocks of any image are the design elements, designers also rely on the design principles, which are a set of guidelines for using the design elements in a way that results in compositions that are aesthetically attractive.

The Elements of Design

Whether you’re designing an interior, a logo, an advertisement, or a website, there are many graphic design components to take into account. The fundamental components of design are:

1. Color: Color can help your composition feel more moody. Humans experience colour when light waves strike an item and bounce back to the optic nerve in their eyes. Color is a tool used by designers and artists to convey and describe a subject. Designers employ colour to convey mood, light, dimension, and point of view. The colour wheel and the principles of colour theory—a system of rules for combining, altering, and mixing colors—are used by designers to construct colour schemes.

2. Line: A line is the path that connects two points in space. Lines, whether they be vertical, diagonal, or horizontal, can help draw the viewer’s attention to a particular area of your picture. Instead of only using straight lines, texture can also be produced by using other sorts of lines, such as curved or patterned lines.

3. Value: A color’s value in design refers to how light or dark it is. A gradient, which shows a sequence of variations on one hue sorted from lightest to darkest, is a common way to depict a color’s values. The different colour values can be used by artists to give their pieces the appearance of heft and volume.

4. Using space effectively can help others see your design the way you intended. The area between or surrounding an image’s focal point is known as white space or negative space. The area that your subject matter occupies in your composition is known as positive space. Your design’s spacing is crucial since a cluttered layout can exhaust the viewer’s eye.

5. Shape: A shape is, in its simplest form, a two-dimensional region that is encircled by an outline. To make a shape appear three-dimensional, graphic artists can also employ other aspects like line, colour, value, and shadow. There are three different kinds of shapes: organic shapes that are found in nature, geometric shapes that are angular and mathematically consistent, and abstract shapes that roughly depict elements of nature.

6. Form: A shape or physical arrangement’s form is how it takes up space. Designers generate the appearance of form on a flat surface by utilising light, shadow, the look of an object’s curves, negative space, and the items around it instead of producing form through three-dimensional physical shape around the subject matter.

7. Texture is one of the design components that is used to convey how an object feels or looks. Whether it is bumpy, velvety, or ribbed, tactile texture is a feeling of touch. Contrarily, visual texture refers to the imagined texture of the illustration, which can add visual interest and enhance the sensory experience.

Why is Mental Health Important?

Since it affects every aspect of our life, mental health is more crucial than ever. Good mental health has an impact on everything we do think, and say.

Reasons to care for mental health

Stabilizing constructive habits, emotions, and thoughts requires maintaining good mental health and managing any mental health disorders. Focusing on mental health care can boost productivity, improve our self-perception, and strengthen bonds with others.

Taking care of our mental health not only makes it easier for us to operate on a daily basis, but it can also help us combat or at least regulate some physical health issues that are closely related to mental health issues. For instance, since stress and heart disease are linked, reducing stress may benefit heart disease.

Other benefits of taking care of our mental health can include:

• Increasing our psyche

• Lessening our stress

• Fostering a greater sense of inner calm

• Better mental clarity

• enhancing our connections

• Boosting our sense of self

Beyond what has already been mentioned, having a healthy mind can have a big impact on our psychological, emotional, and social wellbeing. It has a direct impact on how we feel and behave every day. When we have to make difficult decisions, handle stress, and interact with others in our surroundings, our mental health plays a significant role.

However, mental health isn’t something we can just handle once and then move on from. At every stage of our lives, it is crucial. We must be aware of and treat mental health carefully at all stages of life, from childhood to adulthood.

Having a solid foundation when it comes to mental health means you can:

• Maintain successful, wholesome relationships

• Manage life’s daily stress

• Create a good sense of who you are.

• Continue to be inspired, active, and healthy.

• Increase your output at work and school.

• Engage in meaningful interactions and give back to the neighbourhood

• Recognize your potential and strive to fulfil it.\

Why Should We Spread Mental Health Awareness?

We may attempt to reduce stigma surrounding mental health concerns in our culture by putting in a concentrated effort to raise awareness of them.

We can find a solution by having those difficult conversations and admitting there is a problem. We can start doing away with the stigma and fear that are frequently connected to discussions about mental health. By doing this, you can encourage people to ask for assistance when they do.

Asking for assistance demonstrates strength. Together, we can provide the groundwork for a culture that values and recognises the significance of healthy mental health.

Focusing on mental health awareness can also increase awareness of some illnesses’ signs and symptoms. Early intervention predicts how well various disorders may respond to mental health treatment. The greater the chance that someone will be able to manage their disease and improve their mental health, the earlier they will be diagnosed and start receiving treatment.

Reasons why Men's Day should be celebrated

International Men’s Day:

Every year, guys all throughout the world have a special meaning for November 19. Why? mainly since today is designated as International Men’s Day. It is a time when men’s health, bettering gender relations, and empowering males need to receive special attention.

Women are widely considered to play a crucial role in all aspects of daily life. They sustain the institution of marriage, contribute positively to their community and society, and actively participate in childbirth and childrearing while continuously supporting the men.

It’s crucial to keep in mind that males contribute just as significantly as women, without diminishing the great contribution that women make. That is why it is necessary to have a day just for guys. Men’s Day should receive more recognition even though it doesn’t currently.

Reasons why International Men’s Day should be celebrated:

• When children are young, they often look up to someone as their role model. Men can be positive role models in this regard. Nowadays, the majority of kids grow up idolizing athletes, entertainers, or actors—especially those who portray superheroes. There is nothing wrong with doing this, but it is far preferable to have a regular male as a role model, such as a father who lives a normal, respectable life and is a good person. Children will understand that being an example to others does not require being well-known or popular on social media in this way. And a father’s engagement can benefit his young children by making them feel important. Never forget that you are a hero if you are sincere, diligent, and disciplined.

• A day to hon0r men’s positive contributions: Today, women and men coexist together and occasionally even outperform one other. This is essential for a more equitable society, but it’s also critical to recognize men’s accomplishments. Men, too, contribute positively and significantly to society, the family, marriage, and raising children in their own unique ways. Therefore, this merits celebration.

Men’s issues should be talked about:

Boys are typically brought up with the stereotyped idea that men should be tough and never exhibit any signs of weakness. This is entirely incorrect. Men can experience issues on the personal and professional fronts because they are also just like everyone else. Furthermore, discussing and resolving such concerns in an open manner is healthier than to stay quiet.

• It emphasizes the value of a father: Nowadays, one or both parents struggle to juggle work and family responsibilities due to our increasingly hectic lives. The mother always decides to take a break and watch the kids. What about the father, though? The father frequently spends so little time with his family because he is so busy at work. A day dedicated to men is a wonderful way to inspire fathers to be there for their kids and take an active part in their lives.

• Gender equality: What does that mean? In broad terms, it refers to a situation in which men and women have an equal voice and access to opportunities in both personal and professional spheres. Boys are frequently taught at a young age that their only options are to endure hardships in silence and to take on the responsibility of being the family’s primary breadwinner or provider. Men are subjected to unnecessary pressure from a young age because of this, and some of them break down.

• The day set aside to raise awareness of discrimination: It is true! Men experience discrimination in a variety of ways as well. Men are actually required to join the military and serve their country in numerous nations. Additionally, there exist laws that favour women in matters of child custody and alimony. Men are also expected to be powerful, macho, and to refrain from complaining about prejudice. Perhaps it’s time to examine these delicate problems more closely.

• Men and women work in tandem to maintain balance: A guy cannot provide for his child in the same way that a woman can. The same is true for females. Men are typically perceived as demanding and playful with their children, in contrast to the stereotype of women as loving, kind, sensitive, and nurturing caregivers. In actuality, the two parents complement one another and both provide something unique to parenting. Additionally, they must cooperate and share the same commitment in parenting their kids. Children develop emotionally and physically healthier and happier throughout that time.

Men are, in the end, a necessary and equal component of society. They play many roles, such as father, son, brother, uncle, and grandfather, much like women. Shouldn’t we honour guys for who they are, what they have accomplished, and how they assist the women in their lives? What better way to accomplish that than by setting aside a day only for males!

A message against double standard mindset of society.

Rape is the pleasure for the people who do it and a talk of gossip for the people of society or for us.

Everyday and every time it is happening around us but only few times media is telecasting it just for the sake of TRP and they are organizing the debate for this topic but not the solution or remedy for particular problem.

Now what is happening with the people who are executing it?

The rich people get bail and repeatedly do it again because now there fear of law has gone. Whereas the poor people do not get bail but after sometime they also get out.

Nowadays it is getting so much common among teenager also, as in the name of the “swag”.

But the thing that we are missing is such that not only women’s are getting affected but also some boys or mans also get raped but no one is paying attention to it as it is not big matter for social media Or news agency.

What should govt do?

According to me the government should start action-reaction as rape is not at all less than murder. Murder is something in which people die physically with little pain but in rape, a girl or boy die mentally and throughout the life she/he had to suffer from a trauma.

What does action-reaction mean?

It means that if a men has raped or molested a women than that men should also get punished by a ‘rod’ and should be reminded throughout their life. So such that they can also feel the pain of a women and would be a learning for others.

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/message-against-double-standard-mindset-society-priyanshu-acharya

Thank you
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/message-against-double-standard-mindset-society-priyanshu-acharya

A message against double standard mindset of society.

Rape is the pleasure for the people who do it and a talk of gossip for the people of society or for us.

Now what is happening with the people who are executing it?

The rich people get bail and repeatedly do it again because now there fear of law has gone. Whereas the poor people do not get bail but after sometime they also get out.

Nowadays it is getting so much common among teenager also, as in the name of the “swag”.

What should govt do?

What does action-reaction mean?

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/message-against-double-standard-mindset-society-priyanshu-acharya

Thank you

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/message-against-double-standard-mindset-society-priyanshu-acharya

NATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION DAY

Every year on December 14, India honors National Energy Conservation Day. The day is conducted by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), which is part of the Ministry of Power, with the goal of highlighting India’s outstanding achievements in cost-effective energy production and resource conservation. On this day, future plans are also considered, with the primary goal of mitigating climate change being holistic development. Follow top energy journalists and their work to become more involved in spreading awareness about climate change and energy conservation.

HISTORY OF NATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION DAY

The goal of National Energy Conservation Day is to raise public awareness about the necessity of energy conservation in India. People are also kept up to date on new courses of action and plans as they are developed. There is information provided on reducing energy waste and how the general people can help conserve resources. Essentially, the goal of the day is to urge people to utilize energy more efficiently and to limit their usage of it.

The Bureau of Energy Efficiency – BEE, established under the Union Ministry of Power, has led the yearly festivities of National Energy Conservation Day on December 14 since 1991. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency, a constitutional entity within the Government of India, assists in the creation and execution of plans and policies to decrease excessive energy usage. In 2001, the committee also passed ‘The Energy Conservation Act.’

As part of its awareness program, prizes are given out on this day every year in 56 different sectors of the country to celebrate achievements in energy saving. The National Energy Conservation Awards Program recognizes industries, organizations, and businesses ranging from power plants to hotels to retail malls. The BEE also awards prizes to winners of the National Painting Competition with the theme of energy conservation.

India’s development sectors are thriving, which is increasing the need for energy. India’s resource requirements are predicted to more than treble by 2030. The BEE strategizes and creates policies to assist reduce this demand by promoting the adoption of energy-efficient measures.

WHY NATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION DAY IS IMPORTANT.

1. Everyone bears some level of responsibility.

National Energy Conservation Day promotes the importance of energy conservation for all people, whether they are children or the elderly.

2. India has a significant role to play.

With a population of over 1.3 billion people, India is a massive country. Because they house such a big proportion of the world’s population, they bear a disproportionate share of the blame for climate change.

3. The cascading effect

Even shutting off the water while brushing your teeth is beneficial! Good practices promoted through conferences, talks, and workshops make a real effect.

Objectives of National Energy Conservation Day

Every year, National Energy Conservation Day is celebrated with a certain subject of the year while keeping some goals and objectives in mind to make it more successful all throughout the country among people. Among the major objectives are:

1) It is observed to convey to people the need of conserving energy in all aspects of life.

2) Promoting the process of energy conservation throughout the country by organizing a variety of activities such as seminars, conferences, debates, workshops, and contests.

3) Encourage people to consume less energy by ignoring excessive and inefficient uses.

4) Encourage individuals to use energy in order to reduce energy consumption and avoid energy waste.

INDIAN AIR FORCE DAY 2022

The Indian Air Force was once known as the Royal Indian Air Force. Despite the fact that this title was retained till the country’s independence. Following independence, the term “royal” was discarded.

Indian Air Force Day is observed in the country today, October 8, 2022. This year marks India’s 90th Air Force Day (Indian Air Force Day 2021). Chandigarh will this time mark the 1932 founding of the Indian Air Force (IAF). On this occasion, please share some fascinating facts and history about this day.

Air Force Day is held annually on October 8. The Indian Air Force has made tremendous preparations for this day when it will display its power. An air show is being held in Chandigarh in honor of Air Force Day.

This air show will feature 83 planes. The air show will feature 44 fighter aircraft, seven transport aircraft, twenty helicopters, and seven antique aircraft. Simultaneously, 9 planes would be held on standby. This time, the air show will be distinguished by the presence of new light combat helicopters.

Each army in the nation has a unique motto. The motto of the Indian Air Force is “Nabhah Spriushm Deeptam.” The motto of the Indian Air Force is an excerpt from Lord Krishna’s speech to Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra, which is included in the Gita’s eleventh chapter. This credo guides the Indian Air Force’s activities.

Interesting facts about the Indian Air Force

1. The Indian Air Force is the world’s fourth largest air force. Asia’s biggest air base is the Hindon Air Force Station in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.

2. The Indian Air Force, or IAF, has played an essential role in a variety of operations. Operation Poomalai, Vijay, Meghdoot, and others are examples.

3. The Indian Air Force also participates in United Nations peacekeeping missions.

4. Indian Air Force was the previous name for the Royal Indian Air Force. Despite the fact that this moniker was retained till the country’s independence. Following independence, the term “royal” was removed.

5. The Indian Air Force has a considerable number of female fighter pilots, navigators, and officers that serve in the Indian Air Force. A female fighter pilot flies the Rafale fleet of the Indian Air Force.

6. The Indian Air Force has traditionally participated in relief operations in the country during natural disasters. The Gujarat cyclone (1998), the tsunami (2004), and the floods in North India are examples. However, the IAF set a world record by rescuing stranded residents in Uttarakhand during the floods. During the ‘Rahat’ mission, the Indian Air Force rescued around 20,000 civilians.

7. The Indian Air Force has about 1400 aircraft and around 170,000 soldiers.

8. The Indian Air Force has also participated in United Nations peacekeeping deployments.

Indian Air Force Day 2022: Significance

1. The Indian Air Force Day instills a sense of pride and patriotism in the individuals and the air force team. The holiday promotes national pride and honors the military’s achievements and sacrifices. They also support children’s aspirations to join the force.

2. Air Force Day is a commemoration of numerous historical events in which the air force was a tremendous help and successfully executed numerous significant missions on its own. It also serves as a remembrance of those occurrences. The day is also instructive.

3. Regardless of a person’s social status or gender, IAS Day unites the nation and brings everyone together to honor the air force.