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Certainty can be something intense to develop. We’ve assembled some convenient tips to take care of you. In case you’re actually struggling even subsequent to attempting these self improvement thoughts, relax! We’ve additionally recorded the manners in which you can discover additional help and work on boosting your certainty with the assistance of others.
This execute help if:
u want you were a extra assured person
you want in accordance with recognize greater respecting self-confidence
you necessity incomplete realistic steps in conformity with build you self-confidence.
A confident person:
does such as those consider is right, also agreement it’s unpopular
Is willing in accordance with smoke risks admits theirs errors and learns beside to them
is able to take delivery of a compliment is confident
Not every person is brought into the world with an inbuilt self-appreciation certainty. Now and then it very well may be difficult to foster certainty, either in light of the fact that individual encounters have made you lose certainty or in light of the fact that you experience the ill effects of low confidence.
There are a number over matters ye be able functionate in imitation of build your confidence. Some about them are just little changes in imitation of thine body concerning mind; others you’ll hold to assignment regarding for a bite longer in conformity with accomplish to them acquainted habits.
1. Look at where you’ve
meanwhile achieved It’s handy in accordance with muff self assurance if you agree with ye haven’t performed anything. Make a listing about every the things you’re proud over among you life, whether it’s getting a strong remark over an exam and lesson in accordance with surf. Keep the list shut through and Gather in imitation of it whenever you work some thing you’re big of. When you’re mangy among confidence, attract oversea the list and usage that after remind your self of entire the great stuff you’ve done.
2. Think of matters you are good At
Every One has strengths and talents. What are yours? Recognising what you’re good at, and attempting after build of these things, wish help you after construct self assurance among you own abilities.
3. Set some Goals
Set half desires yet accept abroad the steps ye need after bust according to acquire them. They don’t bear in imitation of be tremendous goals; he may also remain matters kind of baking a pastry then dodge a night outdoors together with friends. Just aim for partial younger achievements so much thou perform tick aloof a list in conformity with assist you gain self belief between thy capacity according to arrive fill done.
4. Talk your self up
You’re on no account operable after feel assured agreement ye hold poor explanation jogging thru your thought feasible thou so you’re no good. Think in regard to thine self-talk and how so much might stand affecting you self-confidence. Treat your self as ye would your auspicious buddy then cheer yourself on.
5. annex a Hobby Try
after find some thing so much you’re in reality vivid about. It should lie photography, sport, knitting or something else! When you’ve laboured overseas passion, commit your self after gift it a go. Chances are, proviso you’re fascinated yet intense in relation to a sure activity, you’re greater probably in accordance with lie influenced and you’ll build competencies more quickly.
If you’re now not feeling Better Sometimes the speedy fixes don’t assist in the long term. If you’re affect deteriorative and things just don’t appear in conformity with stand improving, it’s cost talking according to any individual any knows how in accordance with help. Professionals such namely counsellors yet psychologists be able assist thou strengthen techniques in imitation of help thou construct over thine confidence. They may also remain in a position in imitation of assist thou recognize some underlying issues that would possibly lie causing you in conformity with experience bad in relation to yourself.
If you don’t feel prepared after talk according to a professional, try acceptance a seem to be at Reach Out Forums. Talking abroad you concerns including a supportive neighborhood over humans whosoever hold been via similar situations can be a clearly beneficial access in imitation of construct thine self-confidence.
It wasn’t a few weeks back that there was a massive outcry among general public, demanding hospital beds, oxygen cylinders, remdesivir and what not; and now the hot topic has turned into lack of hotel rooms. Indian government was ultimately the scapegoat at the hands of citizens who needed to channelise their vulnerability, fair enough. As the second wave was terminating, owing to the endurance and earnest work of the government, an abominable mass of citizens rush to “celebrate” this conquest by vacationing in Manali, paving way for the third wave of Covid.
Crowded Manali
Not only Manali, crowds can be seen flooding the streets of other hill stations as well; Shimla, Mussourie, Nanital etc. There is a term for this phenomenon, which accurately captures the true sentiments- ‘REVENGE TRAVEL’. This term signifies the anguish of people who had to follow the lockdown rules and stay at home during the pandemic and that too for their own safety, but now are rushing to travel like animals let loose.
Someone said it right, education is no substitute for intelligence as is proven by the abhorrent crowd risking thousands of innocent lives along with theirs. A 5 year old boy who didn’t even has shoes for his feet was seen roaming on the streets of Dharmshala, schooling adults to wear masks, while the tourists shamelessly ignored his plea. This is a clear dichotomy of how wealth and education never ensure a sound and reasonable mind.
When the third wave strikes, the same mass would shamelessly play blame game and accuse government for the current situation. Based on the statistics, health ministry has warned the citizens to be prepared not only for the third wave, but the fourth one as well. If people are ignorant enough to forget the consequences and death toll from second wave, another pandemic is just inevitable.
Psychology is the science of mind and behavior. It includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thoughts. The field explore perception, cognition, attention, intelligence, subjective experience, motivation, brain functioning, and personality.
Psychology is used in the assessment and treatment of mental health problems and also in solving the problem for the society benefits.
Facts
Here are some of the psychology facts,
Everything your mind says has an equivalent reaction from the cells in your body, you may feel sick due to the negative thoughts that made your immune system fall down.
There is a 7 minute’s left even after you are died, the brain is active for those 7 minutes which you will see the memories in a dream sequence.
Dressing up well will make your brain to think positive and help in keeping you stable and happy.
70% of all our dream contains a secret message, and it is more worth than the things we think in our conscious.
If you are in love it will increase your serotonin level and makes you feel happier and lower your stress level.
Talking to yourself of the materials you study will makes you focused and helps to learn more.
Spending money for others will bring a beautiful curve in your mouth than spending it yourself.
Having plan B makes the plan A to less likely works.
Adults alike dream about 2 hours per night.
95% of dream are quickly forgotten.
The smarter the person is the faster he thinks, and the sloppier his handwriting is.
Listening to high frequency music, makes you feel calm, relaxed and happy
Intelligent people tend to have less friends than the average person. The smarter the person is, the more selective they become.
The sight of water has a very calming and soothing effect on people which makes them experience happiness, calming thoughts and be even more imaginative.
No matter how much it hurts now, someday you will look back and realize your struggles changed your life for better.
When missing someone, your emotions are more likely to go from happiness to sadness instantly.
Education is the most powerful weapon for the human. Education is proved the our mental stability, education can change life. It is good for career. And it can taken to lead the happy life.
What is education?
Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include teaching, training, storytelling, discussion and directed research. … The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.
Importance of education in life
Education can turn our life’s. It is help to growing the life. If you learn some thing not only study’s whatever you learn that is also education.
Features of education:
1.Removing poverty
Education helps in removing poverty as if a person is educated, he can get a good job and fulfill all the basic needs & requirement of his family.
2.women empowerment
Education also helps in empowering women. Certain old customs like Not Remarrying Widows, Sati Pratha, Child Marriage, Dowry System etc. can be demolished with the power of education. Women, if educated, can raise voice against the injustice done to her. This will bring a lot of development in society as well as in the nation. In short, Right to Freedom of speech & expression can be used in the right way if all women will become educated.
3.communications
The relationship between the education and communition is related to each other. Education can makes help to good communication.
person who is educated feels confident within him to confront or give a speech in front of a large public or can held a meeting or seminar.
Writing emails, letters, typing messages, reading magazines & newspapers or even using a Smartphone can never be possible without getting a basic education.
4.law and order
Education enables the process of the Nation’s Fast Development. If you have a good education, you can serve your country well. It develops a good political ideology.
Types of education
1.Formal education:
Formal education or formal learning usually takes place in the premises of the school, where a person may learn basic, academic, or trade skills. Small children often attend a nursery or kindergarten but often formal education begins in elementary school and continues with secondary school.
2.Informal education:
Informal learning refers to learning that occurs away from a structured, formal classroom environment. Informal learning comes in many forms, including viewing videos, self-study, reading articles, participating in forums and chat rooms, performance support, coaching sessions, and games…
3.Non-formal education
Non–formal education refers to education that occurs outside the formal school system. Non–formal education is often used interchangeably with terms such as community education, adult education, lifelong education and second-chance education. … Inclusion in a regular school should be prioritized as every child’s right.
Characteristics of education
Characteristics of education (A) Formal Education Highlights (i) Planned with a particular end in view. (ii) Limited to a specific period. (iii) Well-defined and systematic curriculum (iv) Givenby specially qualified teachers. (v) Includes activities outside the classroom (vi) Observesstrict discipline.
Gandhism derives its name from most prominent leader of India’s freedom movement Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly referred to as Mahatma Gandhi. He was a lawyer by profession. He was also a social and moral philosopher. His social and political thoughts are collectively known as Gandhism. His thoughts are not in a single book it is scattered in many notes, his autobiography “My Experiments with Truth”. He himself rejected the existence of anything such as Gandhism but with due course of time it is seen that Gandhian thoughts have worldwide application. The features of Gandhian ideology are as follows: –
Politics and Ethics
Gandhi thinks that ethics and morality should be the guiding principles of politics. He emphasizes the use of spiritualization in politics. He believed in purity of means to achieve pure ends. He lifelong criticise the use of unfair means even if gives the best possible result. His morals were based on all religions, but he paid special attention to Sanatana Dharma. In his views the essence of all religion is same. No religion is superior or inferior to any other religion. He thinks that politics without religion is nothing short of a death trap, which kills the soul. He sat for hunger strike to force Indian Government to pay ₹ 55 crore to newly formed to Pakistan.
Truth and Non-violence
One of the major philosophies of Gandhism is the search for truth. Finding truth is as tough as to find God itself. He believed that truth can be found through devotion to its creations specially the oppressed. Non-violence is also a part to pursue truth. It means preventing the use of violence in one’s behaviour towards other living beings which include both physically and mentally. He says, “It is non-violence only when we love someone those that hates us.” He holds that harming nature is also a form of violence. His firm belief in non-violence can be seen in his ways of struggle against the British. He uses non-violence ways such as Satyagraha, Dandi March etc. It is not the way of weak but the power of strong. Non-violence has the power to defeat physical force by the use of spiritual force.
Vision of Classless Society
Gandhi was the flag bearer of a classless society. People have a mindset that physical labour is inferior to another type of labour such as mental labour. He made ‘bread labour’ compulsory for all. The concept of ‘bread labour’ expected everyone to do physical labour to compensate or produce his/her consumption. Here bread is symbolical for various items of one’s consumption. This will create a sense of dignity of labour among societies. He rejected discrimination on the basis of race, caste, religion etc. He strived to create a classless society by transforming the attitude of peoples towards discrimination.
Hobby is nothing but the things that we do in leisure time, it is normally one’s interest towards something it may be of collecting stamps, drawing, painting or cooking color full foods or even writing, surfing in the internet, watching T.V, or reading books.
The passion of doing that even leads to reach the milestone’s, during this century surfing through the social media becomes the hobby that most of us do and even it makes money. Developing the best hobby will leads to the healthy environment.
Facts about hobby
Hobbies are the fundamental one to develop our skills, one can become well verse by gaining more knowledge and being passionate to do things.
Being silent makes your brain calm and helps you in observation, this leads the thoughts to twinkle around your brain. Don’t you think silent one’s are smart? Yes, they are.
Hobbies are the one which motivates, pulls you up, make you feel great and creative and also it increases you brain function.
Some of the hobbies.
So, we can see some of the hobbies below
Sports
Sports is something that helps you in both mental and physical life, it improves your brain function, helps in improvement of your skin and muscles. Sports will shrink your appearance, increase your memory. It is everyone’s responsibility to develop a sport to make him/her-self active.
Cooking.
We can many people’s who are fond of food? Yes, they are foodies. Whipping up a tasty food can develop your cognitive skills and improve your well-being. Cooking makes you creative and developing a various skill’s and the joy ness of preparing your own food will definitely makes your day.
Music
Listening to a music improves your thought and makes your mind healthier. Even it increases the rate of happier hormone and decrease the stressful one. Developing the music skill will also improves your time management and creative thing of the self
Crafts
Doing Crafts are the one which makes you to be passionate and focused. This too increase the Dopamine and helps you remain active and passionate.
Language
Learning new language is like learning a new world, think how much good it is, you are learning a new culture, people and even a world. It makes you more creative and makes your brain to boost healthier.
Hobbies are not simply a time pass activity, with the good knowledge in a certain field will makes you live healthier and you will develop a new society around you which motivates you all the time.
The first residential school opened in 1828 and the last one closed in 1997. Residential schools were government sponsored religious schools established to assimilate indigenous children into Canadian culture.
An estimated 150,000 first nation, Inuit and Metis children were taken from their families and forced to attend residential schools for over 100 years , children were forbidden to speak their native language or practise their traditional faiths. At least 3,200 died from disease and nourishment, but many believe that number is closer to 6,000. The last residential school closed inn1996. The truth and reconciliation commission concluded in 2015.
“LANDYN TONEY”
The 12-year old boy “landyn toney” journey of awareness and it’s a long one. The boy along a nova Scotia highway, he walk across province .he walking 200 kilometers over six days toward his first nation community who were taken from theirs. Landyn toney said, that it was frustrating and it was sad at the same time, emotional for a lot of people because the survivors they had to go through all that and they had to see their brothers and sisters die in front of them.
The boy said, that I’m not the type of person that wants to just let my anger go. I wanted to show my anger by doing something good with it.
He raised more than 15 thousand dollars. He said that he going to try to donate the money to different schools to make good classes and stuff so they can teach more about the residential school.
You are planning for the trip. So, you can go check India's most beautiful visited places.
1.agra, uttarpradesh-the city of Taj mahal
Tai mahal, Uttarpradesh
Home to one of the 7 wonders of the world, the Taj Mahal, Agra is a sneak peek into the architectural history with other structures such as Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri and hence makes for a must visit for anyone living in or visiting India
2.ooty, tamil nadu-the queen of nilgiris
The Blue Mountains have always been shrouded in mysticism, and Ooty is no exception to that. For every mountain lover, the very idea of travelling to the city known as the Queen of the Hills holds an allure like no other. Once regarded as the summer headquarters of the East India Company (and for a very good reason), Ooty, also known as Udagamandalam, is a hill station in Tamil Nadu which serves as a very popular tourist destination for anyone looking for a picturesque place to relax and unwind. Ooty is nestled amidst the Nilgiri hills at an altitude of 2,240 meters above sea level and enjoys a favourable climate all year round.
3.Gangtok, sikkim-the gate way to sikkim
Extremely alluring, pleasantly boisterous and wreathed in clouds – Gangtok, the capital city of the Sikkim can also give you a spectacular view of Mt. Kanchenjunga, at a distant skyline. The pristine hill station nestled in mountains and clouds is also a base for a whole lot of trekkers to the Himalayan mountain ranges. The mesmerising prismatic beauty and the beautiful winding hill roads are even more breathtaking if seen from a bird’s eye view in a cable car.
4.tirupathi, Andhrapradesh-Andgra’s temple tour
Tirupathi, Andhrapradesh
The very name Tirupati is enough to evoke strong spiritual feelings, and while the name “God’s Abode” indeed does justice to the place, Tirupati has quite a few other tourist attractions as well that make it a city worth visiting. Situated in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati is one of the most popular pilgrimage centres in the country. Home to many heritage sites, and a plethora of ancient temples and monuments, Tirupati is one of the oldest cities of India and finds mention in plenty of ancient texts.
5.charminar, Telangana
Charminar, Telangana
An identifying feature of the city, Charminar is the most prominent landmark located right in the heart of Hyderabad. The monument was erected by Quli Qutub Shah to signify the founding of Hyderabad. As is evident from the structure, it was so named as it consists of four minarets. Although it lies right in the centre of the city with traffic and crowds milling all about it, Charminar certainly manages to hold the gaze. It is also famous for the market that sprawls around it and is called ‘Laad’ or ‘Chudi’ Bazaar.
Brownian motion is the random movement of particles in a gas or liquid caused by the unequal bombardment of other molecules in the medium. In 1827, Robert Brown first noticed that a pollen grain suspended in water was moving in a random pattern. Later in 1905, Albert Einstein derived a quantitative expression for Brownian motion using the kinetic theory of molecules. Brownian motion is that it’s all around us! The Brownian motion model applies to everyday life: it explains how molecules are transferred throughout a cell to the navigation of robots on random terrain to computing genetic drift in biology to the prediction of stock prices in finance. The movement of pollen grains on still water. Dispersal of pollutants in the air. It is amazing how physics and science have given humanity a way to deal with random situations. All thanks to the Brownian motion.
Julius Mayer was the first person to state the law of the conservation of energy, one of the most fundamental tenets of modern-day physics. The law of the conservation of energy states that the total mechanical energy of a system remains constant in an isolated system of objects that interact with each other only by way of conservative forces.
J = R/(Cp – Cv)
R is the ideal gas constant expressed in work units. Cp and Cv are the specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume. They are expressed in heat units. One problem with Mayer’s work was that he had an accurate value of R, but Cp and Cv data were flawed. Therefore, his value of J was far less accurate than Joule. We call the law of conservation of energy the First Law of Thermodynamics. It says energy is conserved over its many forms’ potential, kinetic, thermal, and so on. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
Engineering has already shaped the view of systems biology and its application to fundamental knowledge, bioremediation, and human health. Already, systems bioengineering has begun to establish a core set of principles for problem-solving that fuses experiments and computation. Some of which are discussed below-
Engineering of artificial gene networks- Significant efforts were recently undertaken in the design of artificial genetic networks in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Here, different genetic elements or parts are ultimately rationally combined to devices to realize specific cellular behaviors that have frequently analogies to elements from electric circuits such as switches and oscillators.
Networks for intercellular communications- Creating macroscopically observable artificial functional behaviour in a cell population requires synchronization. Such synchronization can be enforced by adding chemical inducers or by letting the cells themselves produce a signal in response to a change in a culture property. One example for such a property is cell density which can be communicated by quorum sensing, for example via the luxR/luxI system of Vibrio fischeri or artificially engineered systems
Engineering of systems- Engineering biology is a very young discipline that follows a powerful technological vision. However, there are no examples available where the whole approach has been implemented. Still, in some cases, specific aspects of biology have been of critical importance. The design of an E.coli capable of image processing, refactoring of the phage T7, the design of novel polyketide antibiotics and the manufacturing of precursors for the anti-malaria drug artemisinin.
As all of you know that we are in a situation of pandemic and the work from home culture has come into limelight with this people are getting more time to do experiment with their foods ,so the concept of “cooking crafts” has being loved by peoples and they are trying to make some amazing things as the “Dalgona coffee”. “Homemade pasta” this dish has also earn a great popularity during the lockdown then the crazy of virtual cooking classes have also increased .Not only people have loved these unhealthy foods but they have also loved “Plant Based Foods”. At the last as due to the lockdown people were not able to go out so there is a huge increase in the demand of Delivery Services.
World’s Oldest Language It is not possible to answer exactly how many languages of the world are there. According to an estimate, the total number of languages in the world is about 6809, out of which the number of speakers of 90 per cent of the languages is less than 100000. There are about 200 to 150 languages that are spoken by more than 1 million people. There are about 357 languages that only 50 people speak. Not only this, but there are also 46 languages whose number of speakers is only one.
But do you know which is the oldest language in the world? If you are not aware of the answer to this question then after reading this article you will know which is the oldest language in the world, because in this article we are giving the details of the 10 oldest languages of the world according to the origin.
World’s 10 oldest languages
10. Armenian Language The Armenian language is also part of the Indo-European linguistic group, which is spoken by the Armenians. Bibles written in the fifth century exist as its earliest appearance. The Armenian language originated in 450 BC. At present, about 5 per cent of people speak this language. This language is spoken in Mesopotamia and the intermediate valleys of the caucus and in the southeastern region of the Black Sea. The region falls in Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan (northwestern Iran). It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia.
9. Korean language The Korean language is spoken from around 600 BC. At present, about 80 million people speak the Korean language. The script of this language is Hangul. In ancient times, the Chinese settled in Korea, so the Korean language is strongly influenced by the Chinese language.
8. Arabic language This language is found in Hebrew and Arabic languages today. It was once the official language of the Armenian Republic. There is evidence of its presence even 1,000 years before Christ. Even today the Arabic language is spoken in Iraq, Iran, Syria, Israel, Lebanon and modern Rome.
7. Chinese Language Chinese is the most spoken language in the world. It is spoken in China and some countries of East Asia. The Chinese language belongs to the Chinese-Tibetan language-family and is actually a group of languages and dialects. Standardized Chinese is actually a language called “mandarin”. This language is 1200 years old even before the arrival of Jesus. Currently, about 1.2 billion people speak Chinese.
6. Greek Language The Greek language is the oldest language in Europe, spoken since 1450 years before Christ. Currently Greek is spoken in Greece, Albania and Cyprus. About 13 million people still speak Greek today.
5. Egyptian Language The Egyptian language is the oldest known language in Egypt. This language belongs to the Afro-Asian linguistic family. it is 2600–2000 years old from Christ. This language is still keeping its nature alive.
4. Hebrew Language Hebrew is the language falling under the Semitic branch of the Sami-Hami language-family. The Hebrew language is about 3000 years old. It is currently the official language of Israel, after its extinction, the Israeli people revived it. The Jewish community considers it to be ‘holy language’ and the Old Testament of the Bible was written in it. The Hebrew language is written in the Hebrew script, read and written from right to left. Studies of Hebrew are relatively popular nowadays in Western universities. The official language of Palestine after the First World War is also modern Hebrew.
3. Latin Language Greek is the third oldest language in the world. Latin was the official language of the ancient Roman Empire and ancient Roman religion. It is currently the official language of the Roman Catholic Church and the official language of the Vatican City. Like Sanskrit, it is a classical language. Latin comes in the romance branch of the Indo-European language family. From this, French, Italian, Spanish, Romanian, Portuguese and the most popular language of the present time, English has originated. Due to the dominance of Christianity in Europe, Latin language in medieval and pre-modern times was the international language of almost all Europe, in which books of all religions, science, higher literature, philosophy and mathematics were written.
2. Tamil Language The Tamil language is recognized as the oldest language in the world and it is the oldest language of the Dravidian family. This language had a presence even around 5,000 years ago. According to a survey, 1863 newspapers are published in the Tamil language only every day. At present, the number of speakers of Tamil language is around 7.7 crores. This language is spoken in India, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Malaysia.
1. Sanskrit Language World’s oldest language is Sanskrit. The Sanskrit language is called Devbhasha. All European languages seem inspired by Sanskrit. All the universities and educational institutions spread across the world consider Sanskrit as the most ancient language. It is believed that all the languages of the world have originated from Sanskrit somewhere. The Sanskrit language has been spoken since 5,000 years before Christ. Sanskrit is still the official language of India. However, in the present time, Sanskrit has become a language of worship and ritual instead of the language of speech. All the auspicious works performed in Hindu religion are recited by Veda Mantra, whose language is Sanskrit.
Pottery is our oldest handicraft. In prehistoric times, most likely water was carried in woven baskets lined with river clay. After the water was poured out of the container the layer of clay dried. The loss of moisture caused the shape to shrink and separate from the sides of the basket. When the clay, now shaped like a pot, was removed, and dried in the sun on hot sand, it retained the basket pattern. Early men and women then discovered that they could harden the molded pottery in hot ashes and make sturdy containers to transport and store food. From these would have been extended the pots formed by hand and decorated with crude tools.
From a very early date in history, some say at least 400 B. C., earthenware pottery was produced on a mass scale by a potter’s wheel in many parts of the world.
THE EGYPTIANS :
The Egyptians made kilns to place their clay pots in for firing. The kiln was lined with a kind of insulation brick that was made from a mixture of straw and clay which had been dried in the sun. Later, the ancient Egyptians used a finer clay with a high quartz content for their delicate pottery. They rubbed the pieces with a smooth stone to give the a dull sheen or coated them with a fine layer of another color of clay.
Further experimentation lead the Egyptians to coat their clay objects with a bluish-green substance to make them non-porous. This was a glaze composed of quartz, soda, and a mineral containing copper which when fired covered the clay bowls and vases with a glass-like surface.
ANCIENT GREEK :
Ancient greek vases are highly valued for form and decoration. The graceful lines an perfect balance speak to our desire for beauty. The pottery was decorated with pictures of the daily lives of the people and stories of their gods, goddesses and heroes. On the red figure vases the background was painted black and the figures were left the natural red color of the clay. The color was reversed on the black-figured vases.
Medieval period :
In Medieval times sand was mixed with clay to make cooking pots strong enough to be placed over an open fire. Today, for the same reason, casseroles used for baking are made from clay mixed with grog which is a ground-up fired pottery. The openness of grog clay allows water to evaporate more evenly as it dries and prevents cracking and warping during the firing. Grog clay eases the problem of heat expansion which can cause large thick pieces of pottery or sculpture to blow up in the kiln.
German potters :
Around the middle of the thirteenth century German Potters started to produce stoneware. This pottery was made form finer clays and fired at a higher temperature than earthenware. Stoneware was tan or gray in color, strong and naturally non-porous.
Light, transparent porcelain was first produced in China. Porcelain was made from a very plastic and pure clay called kaolin mixed with felspar. The colorful decoration of the porcelain was accomplished by firing each color individually after it was applied. These delicate china dishes and figurines were in demand all over Europe. In their efforts to unravel the secret of the composition of the Chinese porcelain, European and other Asian potters developed many variations in their glazing techniques.
Rakuware is another type of pottery of special interest. The crackled glaze of raku originated in Japan where tea bowls were modeled by hand from a very coarse clay (Hanson, 1970).Late in the sixteenth century, a trade route through Manila, brought pottery from China to Acapulco to Vera Cruz, Mexico to Europe.
Every village of almost every state of India has a potter (Khumbar or Kumhar) who ‘wheels’ out an amazing variety of household utensils and other objects of utility. They sit outside their huts, spinning their wheels, creating bowls, mugs, plates, urns, for storing and carrying water, flowerpots, foot-scrubbers, small pots and a myriad other articles required by an Indian household. With the spread of urbanization, the potter settlements have now mushroomed on the outskirts of big cities and towns.
Pottery Across the States:
KASHMIR :
Moving straight onto Kashmir , one can find earthenware of ordinary clay, but with a glaze-like surface, which has gained popularity. Kangra in himachal Pradesh is rich in its clayware.Pottery products made in Kangra is as similar to other clay crafts made by other Potters in India. The only difference is style and the personal touch of the craftsmen. The products are marketed in Kangra, Palampur, Dharamsala, and Meleodganj.
DELHI :
Delhi is famous for its characteristic ‘Blue’ pottery. It has a very old tradition, which is very distinctive. This particular art form has been named as blue pottery because the eye-catching Persian blue dye is used to color the clay. Blue pottery is glazed and high-fired which makes it tougher than most of the others.Delhi pottery Known as the “lyric of handicrafts”, pottery has always supplied writers and poets with the metaphors they have needed.It was probably the Pathan potters from Afghanistan who introduced the glazing techniques to the Mughal court in India.Today, Khurja, an old town about 80 kilometers from Delhi, is full of Muslim potters, engaged in this ancient craft. They use inky blue color known as Jaipur blue as background for floral designs. They also make tiles and do pottery cutwork.
WEST BENGAL :
Mansa pottery of west bengal represents the snake goddess and is a quaint, double curved pot with a face painted on it. Similarly, the Dakshinirai pots, found in the Sunderbans area, are round pots with an edging running along the mouth signifying a crown and worshipped as the god who protects people against tigers. Such articles are of interest to the tourist and though not readily available outside Bengal, one finds stray pieces at the emporia in the major cities of India.
UTTAR PRADESH :
Uttar Pradesh produces some of the finest and most decorative Chunar, symbolized by its fine black clay pottery. This is inlaid with silver paint in intricate designs. The art perfected in Nizamabad, is highly glossy and has luster. Luster is derived from a powder called kabiz made from the mud of rice fields. Its formula is a closely guarded secret.
Khurja , in Uttar Pradesh, a three hours drive from Delhi, is also well known for its cheap but tough tableware. A specialty of Khurja is a type of pitcher like a pilgrim’s bottle. Meerut, Hapur, Chinhat and Mansalia are important centers of this state where ordinary domestic articles and glazed items, mostly tableware are made. Produced on a mass scale, fired at high temperatures, these pottery items retain their mud colour and are in popular demand.
RAJASTHAN :
Rajasthan pottery has certain distinct characteristics. The mouths of water pots are small, probably to prevent spilling when water is being carried, a natural precaution in a place where water is so precious. Alwar is noted for its paper-thin pottery, known as kagzi (paper) pottery. Molela in Rajasthan is a village, which specializes in producing reliefs of gods and goddesses, mainly Ganesh, the elephant god. These reliefs are painted in vibrant reds, yellows and pinks and the figure is fired.
Jaipur Pottery , made out of Egyptian paste, is thrown on the wheel and fired in wood-kilns, usually at very low temperatures. This naturally makes it fragile though few can resist the charm of the delicate white and blue floral motif, which is painted onto the body after firing. The range of items is primarily decorative such as ashtrays, vases, coasters, small bowls and boxes for trinkets. In the Pokhran pottery, pieces in different shapes are made for varied uses. The important thing here is that the shape is dictated by the function. The best known is the water bottle used during long journeys.
GUJARAT :
In Gujarat , a mixture of white and black clay is used in pottery making. After they are sun-dried, the clay articles are painted. Only earth pigments, ground and mixed with water are used. The object is first coated with a uniform base color and the patterns are then painted in various colors. A vast repertoire of motifs is spontaneously rendered by craftswomen. Designs are made of dots, zigzag stripes and diagonals. Floral and animal patterns are only occasionally used. Kutch and Saurashtra in Gujarat are noted for their beautiful earthenware.Goa’s earthenware has a charm of its own. A wide range of figures and panels, apart from attractive water and flowerpots, are made.
THE SOUTHERN POTTERY :
The south has several centers of noted glazed pottery. Vellore has black and red wares. Usilampatti in Madurai district has black pottery.Karigari pottery in South Arcot . of Tamil Nadu is most famous. Intricate items are made in parts and then joined. Highly artistic shapes are skillfully created. The chillum (clay pipe) is made into a noteworthy item both through its elegant shape and deep blue or green glaze. Khanapur in Belgaum district of Karnataka is known for its large sized containers and jars for storage and preservation.
The world has just started recovering from the deadly Covid-19 virus, even though it is a thing to be happy about, there are still sectors that are trying to rise including the entertainment industry (movie productions, theaters, film cities) from the hard hit by the pandemic.
What happened to the Cinema theaters of India?
India cinemas, with 6780 single screens and 2,100 multiplexes, is going through dark months amid the Covid-19 pandemic. This pandemic has resulted in the death of more than 40% of the single screens across the nation. Even though, the theaters nation-wide have implemented rules and regulations to minimize the danger by separated seats with 50% occupancy and encouraging digital payments. It would not be right to mention that the theater halls are full, as there are still large groups of people in the country who are hesitant to step inside cinema halls. Contrast to this, cinema lovers feel heartbroken to stare at empty cinema halls. It is predicted by many that most of the theater halls wouldn’t be able to survive the pandemic, in other words, many theaters will go missing when the pandemic comes to an end. This great fall of theaters has led many stars of the cinema industry to go for OTT release of their movies.
A cinema hall being sanitized
Rise of OTT Platforms in India
The fall of movie theater industry has led to the tremendous growth of Over The Top platforms in India. The situation has not only made top actors run behind OTT platforms but has also made cinema lovers to subscribe to OTT platforms craving for new releases. Hence making the whole movie watching experience easier and more comfortable. Just a click, would start a movie. Letting the audience themselves set the ambience for the movie watching experience at home. OTT platforms let the audience to control the volume and go back and forth in the movie, which makes the movie-watching experience being more ‘customized’. The year 2020 has seen a growth of OTT platforms by 60% followed by 20% growth in the first 4 months of 2021.In the year2020, the revenue from subscriptions for OTT platforms in India stands at 19 billion INR. “We are stuck” says Ekta Kapoor, a famous producer from the North Indian Television Industry. Producers have got no choice other than opting for an OTT release rather than releasing their movies in a half-filled screen. The business is favorable for the producer when the movie is streamed on Netflix or Amazon Prime Video or Hotstar, as the money is made with no prolonged worries. Although, top stars of the film industry are against the idea of streaming their movies on OTT Platforms they have to do it for the sake of the producer who invested crores on the project.
Major Over The Top Platforms of India
Amazon Firestick
Amazon Firestick, also known as Amazon Fire TV, is a famous Indian micro-console developed by Amazon. It is an USB-like device used to stream videos and movies via internet, connected to the HD television. The firestick includes a remote to access. With more than 50 million users currently, it was released in India on April 19, 2017. It was introduced with 1080p and 4k picture quality along with Dolby Digital Plus 7.1 Surround Sound System. Amazon firestick created huge waves in the OTT industry by making users get access to watch their favorite movies more comfortably. The major perk of this gadget is that it is an user-friendly device which means, it can be understood and used easily by any age group. This feature made Firestick make millions in the market. As more than 70% of the elders in the country spend most of their time on watching television shows, producing a user-friendly gadget like Firestick will tempt the costumers to buy the product as easier accessibility is the important feature most of the people look forward to. Amazon firestick includes YouTube, which covers the kids and teenagers. India is currently emerging as the fastest growing market for Amazon’s firestick. As most of the content on the platforms are in Hindi and other local languages like Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada there is a stronger engagement in India than other countries. Now the next big step from the company is that Amazon Fire TV is looking forward to collaborate with local companies to have the system pre-built into televisions. This would let the audience to watch their favorite local channel shows on smart TV.
Pangong Lake also known as Pangong Tso is a beautiful endorheic lake situated in the Himalayas and is 134 km long, extending from India to China. Pangong Lake is situated at a height of 4350 m and is one of the biggest tourist attractions of the country. The beauty and allure of this lake has attracted people from all over the country and beyond. The lake is said to be in the process of being identified as a wetland with international significance under the Ramsar Convention and if everything goes as expected then the Pangong Lake will be the first in South Asia to be a trans-boundary wetland and that too under this convention.
The one factor that makes this Lake so popular is the fact that it keeps changing colors. Situated in the Himalayan range it is approximately 140 km from Leh in Jammu and Kashmir. The name of the lake Pangong was got from a Tibetan word Banggong Co that means a narrow and enchanted lake. And now you know that the lake has got its name rightfully. You will know this when you visit the beautiful lake of Pangong. You are sure to be enchanted by the charm. And because the lake is a long stretch, one third area of the lake lies within our country and the other two third portion lies with Tibet and is controlled by China.
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