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International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR) 2023 is one of the substantial and most reputable international events of Business, Economics, Social Sciences and natural sciences.It is jointly organized by Track2Training. Appealing outstanding researchers from over 100 countries worldwide, the conference exhibits a friendly, supportive environment to accept feedback, exchange ideas and find inspiration. The main aim is to provide a forum for people coming for different academic backgrounds to interact and present their researches. Moreover, the conference generates the possibility for publications of research papers in indexed and organized journals. International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR) 2023 will provide a platform for debating on issues and challenges in the aforementioned fields. The objective is to back discussions on strategies that will accelerate worldwide growth and economic recovery as well as evolution in technology and scientific research.
Conference Tracks
Academics from various fields, with an interest in the above themes, are welcome to present their papers. The conference has a multidisciplinary emphasis and, therefore, inviting contributions from across disciplines, e.g.
Social Sciences,
Development and Sustainable Development Studies,
Education,
Science and Technology,
Business and Economics,
Management,
Philosophy,
Psychology,
Sociology,
Political Science
Others.
Send papers to icmr2023@edupub.org
Submission Deadline 30 March 2023
Publication
ICMR2023 proceedings will be published in conference proceedings and indexed with google scholar. Selected papers would be published in International Journal of Research (IJR) which is open access, peer reviewed.
Contact
All questions about submissions should be emailed to icmr2023@edupub.org
General science is a field of study that encompasses a wide range of scientific disciplines, including biology, chemistry, physics, and earth sciences. It is the foundation upon which many scientific discoveries and advancements are made. In this article, we will explore some of the key concepts and branches of general science.
Biology: Biology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment. It covers a wide range of topics, from the structure and function of cells to the behavior and ecology of entire ecosystems. Biology plays a crucial role in many areas of our lives, including medicine, agriculture, and environmental management.
Chemistry: Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties. It covers topics such as the structure of atoms and molecules, chemical reactions, and the properties of different elements and compounds. Chemistry is a key discipline in many fields, including materials science, medicine, and engineering.
Physics: Physics is the study of matter and energy and their interactions with each other. It covers topics such as mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics. Physics is essential to many areas of modern technology, including telecommunications, electronics, and aerospace.
Earth Sciences: Earth sciences cover a wide range of topics related to the planet we live on, including geology, meteorology, and oceanography. These fields of study help us understand the physical processes that shape the earth’s surface and climate. They are also important in managing natural resources, predicting and mitigating natural disasters, and understanding the impact of human activity on the environment.
Scientific Method: The scientific method is a systematic approach to scientific inquiry. It involves observing phenomena, formulating hypotheses, testing those hypotheses through experiments, and drawing conclusions based on the results. The scientific method is a key tool for scientists in all fields, allowing them to gather reliable data and draw meaningful conclusions.
Scientific Discoveries: Science has led to many important discoveries throughout history. Some of the most notable include the discovery of penicillin, the development of the theory of evolution, and the discovery of the structure of DNA. These discoveries have had far-reaching impacts on our understanding of the world and have led to many important advancements in medicine, agriculture, and technology.
Science Education: Science education is crucial in developing scientific literacy and promoting scientific thinking. It helps individuals understand the natural world and the scientific principles that govern it. Science education is also essential in preparing individuals for careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.
Conclusion: In conclusion, general science is a vast field that encompasses many different scientific disciplines. It is the foundation upon which many scientific advancements are made, and it plays a crucial role in our lives. Through the scientific method, scientists are able to make important discoveries and advancements that help us understand the world around us. Science education is also critical in developing scientific literacy and promoting scientific thinking, which is essential in preparing individuals for careers in STEM fields.
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR) 2023 will bring together academics and industry practitioners from a wide range of disciplines and backgrounds (including robotics, engineering, AI, computer science, social science, humanities, design, and law). Defining autonomous systems as systems involving software applications, machines, and people, which are able to take actions with little or no human supervision, the workshop will explore different definitions and individual aspects of trust from a multidisciplinary perspective. We are interested in several factors contributing to the trustworthiness of autonomous systems, which include but not limited to the following: robustness and resilience in dynamic and uncertain environments; the assurance of the design and operation of autonomous systems through verification and validation processes; the confidence the systems inspire as they evolve their functionality, their explainability, accountability, and understandability to a diverse set of users; defences against attacks on the systems, users, and the environment they are deployed in; governance and the regulation of their design and operation; and the consideration of human values and ethics in their development and use.
Trust is a multi-dimensional issue and is conceptualised differently by a range of disciplines. Hence, we invite novel contributions (short and regular papers with 2-4 and 6 pages respectively) as well as already published journal/conference papers covering a wide set of topics that will be attractive to both technical and non-technical audiences:
Methodologies to certify autonomous systems
Public perception of autonomous systems
Explainable and Interpretable AI solutions for real-world applications
Safety and security of autonomous systems
Trustworthy and resilient human-machine teaming
Regulation
Notions of trust in autonomous systems
Responsible Research and Innovation for trustworthy AI and autonomous systems
Published papers (to be presented at the workshop)
Please use the standard ICMR template when submitting a novel contribution.
All accepted papers will be presented in a spotlight talk as well as a poster. Additionally, all accepted contributions will be also invited to submit an extended version to our planned Special Issue on IJR (IJR Journal).
Best Paper / Poster Awards
Best ICMR Paper Award
Best ICMR Poster Award
Our international Programme Committee will review all submissions and will also select a paper for the awards.
Surroundings are all around and you assume that people are staring at you which is not real it’s only a trauma and fear of being in Surroundings because you’re still processing to overcome totally. You are afraid of getting dragged again into that past phase where you’ve suffered a lot in an afloat and even in present you’re working on it.Taking steps one after one fearfully like a single wrong step can ruin whole things,things that are going nowadays smoothly a bit. That wrong step may be to be in an unwanted environment or carrying complicated conversation or to stay alone all the time or there may be triggering elements replayed in your unconscious while you sleep.
Everywhere there is fear fear fear and fear of getting betrayed ;no idea how it will. Ignoring all these happenings with great efforts you restarted new life where there is no harm you checked,no negativity checked in practical life the only thing you have to focus on is your health,your passion and on your coming bright everything you assume is good and effective but suddenly something arrives. Neither in your workplace nor in your home it arrives in your unconscious mind where no one is real,not even the place. Suddenly it starts when you go to bed after a long tired day to reduce the stress but as soon as you sleep your unconscious starts dreaming of all the bad ruckus ,chaos and negativity which starts reminding of all that affected you in the past. For a few days you got no affection for it,but as much as time is going and unconsciously replaying all bad stuff very smoothly you failed to neglect.
It is like a reminder of fear of getting betrayed that you have faced worsened which you never want to deal and even you don’t have that much courage to face that situations in coming time,it’s something you can avoid those past happened things but cannot deal with it again but mind is playing against your body and allows unconsciousness to triggers you in that way where you can’t even breathe while you sleep.
When you least expect it, Nature has cunning ways of findings our weakest spot. Just remember: I’m here. Right now you may not want to feel anything; may you never want to feel anything. And maybe it’s not me that you will want to speak about these things but, Feel something you did. Look… You had a beautiful friendship, maybe more than a friendship, and envy you. In my place, most guardians would hope the…..
Adapting material from some origin is not something new that the film industry invented. Classical Greek playwrights adapted myths that had been passed in through oral tradition. And as soon as the cinematographers recognized that presenting a story in moving picture required “good story”, so they started adapting story from novels, plays, short stories. Robert Stam discusses different sources of hostility towards the practice of adaptation. According to him, many have long viewed literature as being superior to film. He goes on to analyze the process of adaptation and the ways in which tie and space are used differently in the two mediums. As per his view, “fidelity in adaptation is literally impossible. A filmic adaptation is automatically different and original due to the change of medium.”
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‘Macbeth’ is one of the finest and acclaimed works by Shakespeare. The play also has an easy to understand plot line which has lent itself to numerous adaptations.
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And one of those notable adaptations is the ‘Throne of Blood’by Akira Kurosawa set in feudal Japan. Needless to mention that the central themes of the movie consist of tragedy, treachery, credulity and fallacy. However, to commence with the dissimilarities between the play Macbeth and Kurosawa’s movie, one among the other possible differences is their depictions of the battle at the opening stages of the plot.
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The play Macbeth opens with grotesque imagery of the revolt, and the weather all muddles up, as informed by the witches seen in medias res (amidst) of their conversation. The captain reporting about the battle even describes Macbeth as unseeming one of his opponents. This type of gory imagery, however, is nowhere to be found at the start of Kurosawa’s film ‘Throne of Blood’,
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instead it opens with the vast fog with a seemingly deserted and peaceful castle depicted behind the fog with a lamenting song, “Look upon the ruins of the castle of delusion haunted…”. It also features various captains reporting about the battle, but there are no depictions about the battle. The use of fog and the lack of violence, in the opening scene, set an uncertain tone for the rest of the film, and Washizu is not seen killing anyone that makes his future actions even more shocking. In fact, we witness Washizu’s innocence when he strongly resists the prophecy. As wherein Macbeth, the brutal portrayal of the battle in the beginning set a violent and dark tone right away, and thus, it makes Macbeth’s future killings somewhat less surprising. The shock factor of Washizu’s actions is also due o the fact that there are no witches at the start of the movie.
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On the other hand, we encounter that the witches start the play by invoking the name of Macbeth, leaving a sense of suspicion in the mind of the reader that Macbeth may not be who he appears. In the movie, three witches are replaced with a single-spirit who is seen chanting a song that introduces Japanese traditions, Buddhism and feelings of humanity. The song mentioning karma and reincarnation comes straight from the Buddhist beliefs.
Kurosawa’s Throne of Blood and Shakespeare’s Macbeth also differ greatly in their portrayals of Lady Macbeth and Lady Asaji respectively.
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In the play, Lady Macbeth makes her presence and intentions felt in her very first moments. She states, “Fill me from the crown to the toe topful of direst cruelty. Me thick my blood. Stop up the access and passage to remorse.” This quotation by her immediately warns the reader of her growing plans of evil.
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Contrarily, in the movie, Lady Asaji (the equivalent to Lady Macbeth) makes it much more subtle entrance. She is first seen sitting peacefully in Washizu’s castle appearing as submerged in deep contemplation. Throughout her attempts to convince Washizu to kill Tshuzuki, she remains completely sedentary and shows no sign of any emotion, unlike Lady Macbeth who passionately uses strong imagery and vehement speech to ty to persuade Macbeth. And Asaji’s fixed expressions portray the use of Noh mask. As far as the movie is concerned, predominantly the character of Asaji, Kurosawa has adopted the aesthetic of the Noh elements.
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It’s a cultural asset of Japanese theatre. It’s a classical form of dance-drama originated in Japan, and is popular since 14th century. There are several types of these masks used in Japanese theatre. And surprisingly, they are used by Kurosawa commendably through dramatis personae of Asaji. Director Kurosawa was overwhelmingly magnetized by Noh, “I like [Noh] because it is the real heart, the core of all Japanese drama. Its degree of compression is extreme, and it is full of symbols, full of subtlety. It is as though the actors andthe audience are engaged in a kind of contest and as though this contest involves the entire Japanese cultural heritage . . . I wanted to use the way that Noh actors have of moving their bodies, the way they have of walking, and the general composition which the Noh stage provides.” (Extracted from an article by Minae Yamamoto Savas)
Lady Macbeth does not give Macbeth much of a reason to kill Duncan other than to solely attain power. Lady Asaji, on the other side, presents Washizu with the idea that Miki will inform about the prophecy to Tsuzuki that Washizu will ascend to the throne which in turn will lead to Washizu’s death at the hands of Tsuzuki. Despite her reserved nature, she is very deceptive and possesses contriving persona as she uses the prophecy of the witch to implant fear in the mind of Washizu. She also tries to justify the killing of Tsuzuki because Tsuzuki himself attained his throne by murdering someone, and also attempts to convince him that deep down Washizu himself carrying and watering the ambition to attain power, which is also the first time that she looks directly at him in the film. Lady Asaji like Lady Macbeth is a strong evil presence although she is portrayed in a much different manner.
Another difference between the movie and the play is existence of the lack of recognition of eternal ramification for Washizu’s actions in the movie, whereass, in the play, apprehension regarding the afterlife plays a prominent role in Macbeth’s psychological struggles with respect to his decision to kill Duncan.
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In Act 2, scene 1, Macbeth states, “I go, and it is done. The bell invites me. Hear it not Duncan, for it is a knell that summons thee to heaven or to hell.” He knowingly chooses temporal power on earth rather than eternal glory in heaven, a decision that he later realizes that he cannot undo which leads to his supposedly eternal damnation in hell. And in Kurosawa’s Throne of Blood, however, heaven and hell are never referred to. This is ofcourse largely because of the film’s Japanese origin. Instead, it’s Washizu’s contemplation of the goodness of his friend Miki that drives his inner conflict perpetrated by his wife.
The adaptation of literary works into films do distorts the original text. But we should not forget that these adaptations, like what Kurosawa did, are filmed establishing the text on different period of time, background, and geo-political settings. Although film was initially regarded by some as sucking the life out of a literary text, a view forcefully articulated by Theodore Dreiser in 1932, “Film adaptation of novels is not so much a belittling as a debauching process, which works harm to the mind of the entire world. For the debauching of any good piece of literature is – well, what? Criminal? Ignorant? Or both? I leave it to the reader.”
Some feelings are like old familiar friends, Depression is like that for me. When I’m not in it, I don’t remember.I remember it’s bad,I remember darkness,but it is different to feel it again. It’s the difference between remembering what a room looks like and actually walking through the door in that room. Being inside it again, feeling it again. When depression starts,it can be slow at first.An instructive thought appears,“I don’t want to be here”and assume it’s gone like you bat it away like a fly or a bad smell. But when it hits you fully though when you are really in it,it’s everything;It’s Who you’re, you’re nothing else. On the outside, You look the same smiling and pretending is so much work but inside it’s a different story. You start to hate yourself, you’re so alone;so unbelievably Alone. And you can be with someone you Love but you’re not really with them.
“We think we know what’s going on with other people,but we don’t.You never really know what’s going on inside someone else’s head. Everyone’s fighting a battle;you can’t see.” We all have blind spots. And you know it’s you,it’s something wrong with you and it’s also exhausting: so goddamn shitty and exhausting,it’s helpless. It’s a void and existing takes so much energy,you want to sink into a hole of nothing where no one talks to you and you don’t have to smile or talk or be.
Anyway, it’s familiar, I’ve been here before, gotten out of it before but getting out of the part becomes the room that you remember but aren’t in; and that’s what’s Scary.
Scams are becoming a bigger threat to the economy of any country. The pace at which fraudsters are attacking and luring innocent people is alarming. Now, there are reports that there has been fraud involving ICC. It has been speculated that ICC lost close to $2.5 million in this fraud.
The fraud was done through email. The culprit was depicted as a legit professional and duped the organization of the large amount. The amount was reportedly lost through online transactions.
Now, this raises the question that how can one safeguard themselves from online horror. For that one needs to stop paying attention to the emails that one gets involving any kind of payment.
These emails can be anything from a lottery winner notification or any other email involving a big surprise as a result of some XYZ competition. These emails promise you a big amount, but in the end, they end up taking from you a large amount of money by either packing your account or by making you pay some kind of charges or taxes to get the prize. Several people do the mistake of believing the email.
Now, the introduction and usage of online payment systems for almost everything, are making frauds even more effective. So, to avoid such a situation there also needs to be caution that one needs to stop sharing their details with an unknown person.
The source of such frauds is difficult to track as the culprits use internet-connected devices ad use software that makes it impossible to track them. The horrific result of such incidents can also be avoided by making use of the usual reliable modes of payment and avoiding unnecessary purchases on unknown websites. We also need to put some boundaries on the unending purchases that we make through our credit or debit cards.
Frauds can also sometimes result in our identity loss. Sometimes the culprits use our details to commit crimes and then we are the ones who get blamed for the loss. So, it is important to avoid sharing our details with others.
In recent times, there have also been attacks on some big organizations that have resulted in a loss of details of the users. The loss has resulted in the details being sold to interested parties over the dark web. So, we must check the security settings of our online accounts regularly. We also need to avoid creating accounts on unknown websites that are very new. We can identify some of these websites by paying attention to the pop-ups that come up and what happens when we try to close them up. So, any website which redirects us to some other third-party website is not good.
So, we must take care of that with whom we are sharing our details online. We also need to use the new security features that companies introduce from time to time. For example, we can safeguard our email accounts by enabling the authentication feature. This way we can stop others from getting into our account.
Artificial Intelligence is one of the most exciting creations of the modern world. Recently, Satya Nadella said that AI will help to get people together. He said so while giving a session during the World Economic Forum in Switzerland.
The advancements which we see around us in various fields will get even more advanced with the new improvements. Some of those we can already see in the form of ChatGPT.
In recent times, AI has been able to change our surrounding in various ways. Various websites now have a bot that can talk to us and resolve our queries. The number of automated systems around us has also increased to a large extent. Automated systems are being used in various fields and places.
There is also automation even in our house. The various IoT devices that we are buying are also communicating with us with the help of AI. The various assistants are answering our questions with the help of an AI.
AI as a whole is making various sectors completely independent and the dependence on people is decreasing. Also, tech-related jobs are increasing. So indirectly AI is creating jobs in various fields.
AI has been able to make changes to the medical field also. Now, several robots help in performing complex surgeries which are generally difficult for surgeons. The diagnosis of diseases is also getting easier due to AI.
Now we even have several robots that help us in keeping our homes clean. The various cars are also having AI assistance in terms of self-driving technology. In the future, we will also see self-driving vehicles that will take us from one place to another.
AI has also done justice to the security sector. As of now, we have face recognition that scans and notifies the concerned authorities of any findings. The use of AI is now also helpful in terms of various fields like content writing and even coding. Now, computers are capable of writing codes and even rectifying errors in a completed program.
The use of AI has also helped in highly sensitive manufacturing sectors. For example, robots are being used in the automotive painting industry. It helps in removing the smallest of errors and the results are excellent.
So, the upcoming decade is going to be more interesting. If we consider the fact that the last decade was the one in which technology simply exploded. Now, we have devices in our respective homes that are remote-controlled and can be operated from any were in the world. The Internet has pushed the boundaries with the things that we can do now with our gadgets. Now, we can even take consultations with a doctor over a video call.
The improvements in the features that technology offers us are automated, but there are still improvements that we need. There also needs to be clear that AI is not destroying jobs. The number of fields that get affected by AI also needs to ensure that the people who are using should also depend less on machines.
In the ongoing Hockey World Cup, India is performing well. They have been able to win their first match against Spain. In their second game, India managed to draw the game against England.
They are being hopeful that they will likely break the 48 years of drought. For that, they will have to win the match against Wales on 19th January. But for this win, they will have to take a big lead.
In this edition of the World Cup, there are 16 teams. Those have been divided into a group of 4. So, there are four groups namely A to D. India is in group D along with England, Spain and Wales.
On the competitive front, Belgium and Australia are the favourites to lift the cup in this edition. The tournament is being played for the second time in a row in India. Bhubaneswar and Rourkela are the cities, which are hosting the games.
Currently, on the points table, India and England have 4 points each. But England is on top as they have won the match by a bigger margin.
For this tournament, Odisha has spent an amount of 10.98 billion rupees for the financial year 2022-23. This money has been used to build a new stadium in Rourkela and a facelift to the existing one in Bhubaneswar.
The amount has been used to also beautify the two cities. For the unknowns, the stadium that has been built in Rourkela is the biggest Hockey stadium in the world. The stadium can accommodate 20,000 people at the same time.
The matches in the tournament are also going completely packed. The matches are also getting attention on the live telecast the last time India won the Hockey World Cup was in 1975. During that tournament, the final was between India and Pakistan.
But this time, India has performed well in the Olympics also. They have been previously the Olympic Gold medallist for 8 times. So, the Indian Hockey team is going to give a tough fight to whichever team they will face in the tournament.
On the player’s front, Hardik Singh did encounter an injury during the match against England. But there is nothing to worry and coach Reid did ensure that he is alright.
In recent times, the Indian government is also putting in the effort to promote various games other than cricket. States especially, Odisha have been able to promote the hockey game to a great extent. It has also been able to present itself as a state that has given sports equal importance as any other field like education. There have also been good players in the Indian Hockey team from Odisha at a regular pace.
So, now we will need to patiently wait for the finals to see whether the Indian team manages to lift the World Cup this time or not. The tournament can end in favour of any team, but this event will surely make India a worthy contender for the future several tournaments in various other sports.
The automobile sector is slowly climbing in India. According to the latest reports, sales in India will get back to the pre-COVID level soon. This has been due to the rising popularity of SUVs. The sales of SUVs are on the rise.
Recently, the UV category has also seen various new entries in the segment. The various new launches from the companies are also making it possible for people to get their hands on their choice of car. The multiple options which are available for the models in the market are also a big plus for the people.
There is also an advantage of incentives from the government. On various electric vehicles, the government is giving incentives to the people.
The pressure of environmental health is playing a role in this high sale. Many people are now opting for changing their current vehicle to an electric one. The lucrative case of less expenditure on charging and electric service is also making it possible for various companies to attract more customers towards electric vehicles.
In terms of companies, Maruti Suzuki is still the king as it has been able to sell the maximum number of vehicles. This number one position for Maruti is due to the various launches like Brezza, XL6 and the new Grand Vitara. On the other hand, Mahindra has been able to sell close to 60000 units in the last year.
Among all this, Tata is also putting a good effort into their new models. Tata Nexon has been able to do well in both forms. Nexon is being offered in electric as well as in the classic fossil fuel options. Now, when it comes to international companies, then they have also been able to perform well in India.
During the pandemic, luxury companies have been able to register unimaginable sales in India. This has been noted that people have been spending heavily since the pandemic. The higher sales are making luxury brands more eager to launch more models in the country. The Make-in-India incentives are also making it possible for people to get their favourite vehicle at a cheaper rate. The biggest example has been the S- Class from Mercedes that is now being assembled in India.
The rapid expansion of electric vehicle infrastructure in the country along with the introduction of new models in the country is going to push the automobile sale in the country further. The damage to the environment due to the internal combustion engine vehicle is also forcing the government to force out the older vehicles faster and direct people to buy new and cleaner and greener vehicles.
The improvement in the road condition in the country in various parts and the expansion of companies like Uber and Ola are also pushing up the sales of vehicles in the country. In the future as vehicles will become more affordable and as the second-hand car market will increase, car ownership will propel vehicle sales even further. All of these will also increase vehicle ownership in the country, which is quite low currently.
Airlines in India are going to have a tough time in the next few years. The airlines will likely face a large population, who will likely prefer air transport in the future. This trend has been going on for the last few years. This has resulted in profits at a consistent pace or the last few years also.
But the trend is going to increase a lot as people have started to prefer air transport more. The pandemic also assisted this trend, as air transport was more secure and well-regulated.
As a result, there is also speculation that there will be an increase in aircraft acquirement by the airlines every year. The speed of acquiring will be around 100 on average. Several of these aircraft will most probably be a replacement for the existing ones.
On the other hand, there is also speculation that Air India is going to place an order for 500 aircraft. This order will likely improve the service and most importantly the quality of travel for the passengers.
The number of aircraft will likely grow at a fast pace. In the last decade, the number of aircraft increased from 300 in 2013 to 700 in 2020. The number of aircraft is likely to be around 1000 in the year 2027. There is also an assumption that the number of passengers, who will use air travel, will be around 350 million this year. Or the next year the number will increase to around 400 million.
To support all this rush, airports are also getting some facelifts. The number of airports is also increasing in numbers all over the country. The Airports Authority of India is also putting in an effort that the number of airports is sufficient in the country to cater to the increase in passengers. The number of airports was 74 in 2014 and it is around 141 in 2022.
The airports are also making it possible for a large population to access different parts of the country. The central government is also putting in efforts in terms of made-in-India aircraft, which will reduce the cost expenses which airlines bear while maintaining an aircraft.
The introduction of various new airlines is also increasing the options for passengers. This is creating a competitive market for the airlines which are local and have been providing service to the people. The increasing competition is also pushing the airlines to provide even better service. It will ensure that people have the best options on offer and can enjoy their travel at a competitive price.
These points are hinting the progress that the air travel sector is going to experience in India. The increasing spending capability of the people is also making it possible for the general population to travel to their destination by air. But increasing rush in a sector also hints at the points like the maintenance that the airlines authorities, as well as the airport authorities, will have to be up to the mark all the time. So, it will be a challenge for everyone involved in this industry.
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