RIDING TO DREAMLAND ! 🌈☁ 

 

Why do you 𝗡𝗘𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗟𝗘𝗘𝗣?

No one knows for sure, but most scientists believe that during sleep the brain organizes, processes, stores information & produce memories. 

It also gives your body time to rest. If you don’t get enough sleep, you can become irritable & find it hard to concentrate. 

💤 𝐇𝐎𝐖 𝐌𝐔𝐂𝐇 𝐒LEEP💤

A𝗴𝗲

newborns

3-11 months

1-3 years

3-5 years

5-12 years 

11-17 years   

adults 

H𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀 𝗮 𝗱𝗮𝘆

10.5-18 

9-12 + several naps

 12-14

11-13

10-11

8.5-9.25

7-9

     

The electrical activity of brain cells can be measured using special equipment. 

The main waves are known as 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝗮 (consciously alert), 𝗔𝗹𝗽𝗵𝗮 (physically & mentally relaxed), 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝘁𝗮 (sleeping with reduce consciousness) & 𝗗𝗲𝗹𝘁𝗮 (deep sleep). 

°•𝐒𝐋𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐏𝐀𝐓𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐍•°

[REM: Rapid Eye Moment ; NREM: Non-Rapid Eye Moment]

Each night you repeat the NREM & REM stages about every 90 minutes until you wake up. The REM periods become a little longer as the night passes, which is why your longest dreams happen in the morning. During REM sleep, muscles are paralysed so you can’t act out your dreams. 

°•𝐒𝐋𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐒•°

SLEEP WALKING

Some people can get out of bed when they are fast asleep & walk around. Sleepwalkers have been known to drive cars & even commit murder while unconscious. 

SNORING

This noise is caused when soft tissue at the back of the throat relaxes & vibrates during breathing. 

TEETH GRINDING

Clenching or grinding teeth during sleep is called “Bruxism”. It can damage teeth, so sufferers often wear mouth guards. 

SLEEP TALKING

Some sleep talkers make just random noises, but others hold long one-sided conversations.

SLEEP EATING

Sleep eaters raid the fridge while fast asleep. The only clue to their nocturnal activities the next morning is crumbs in the bed. 

°•𝐃𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐌 𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒•°

~This is something really interesting to glare~

 You dream several times a night, but only remember dreams if you are woken during them. 

 You forget most of your dreams within ten minutes of waking. 

 People who have been blind since birth have dreams with sound but no pictures. 

• Some people dream only in black & white, not colour. 

• You incorporate physical sensations & environmental factors into your dreams, such as feeling thirsty, needing the toilet or hearing car siren. 

°•𝐓𝐀𝐋𝐋 𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒•°

° Kid’s bodies release more growth hormone during sleep, so too many late nights can leave you short! 

° When you wake up after a good night’s sleep, you will be about 3 cm (1 inch) taller than when you went to bed. During the day, gravity compresses the discs in your spine making you shorter, but as you sleep the discs expand again. 

°•𝐒𝐋𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐂𝐊𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐓•°

Lying down

Eyes closed 

Unconscious to the surrounding environment

Can only hear loud noises

Occasionally moves body

Slow heart rate

Slow, rhythmic breathing

𝐒𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐭s 𝐨𝐟 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝:

1) Do you remember what you dreamt today?

2) Do you suffer from any sleep disorder? 

3) Do you dream black & white or colourful? 

Plzz… Do share some of your thoughts & themes regarding dreams hereby in comment section!

Thank you for your valuable time… 

Hope you have a Good Night Sleep & Ride a Rainbow 🌈 in your Wonderful Dreams every night!! 💤

What The Rich Teach Their Kids About Money—That The Poor And Middle Class Do Not!

To parents everywhere,
a child’s first and most important teachers,
and to all those who educate, influence,
and lead by example

The Richest Businessmen
In 1923 a group of our greatest leaders and richest businessmen
held a meeting at the Edgewater Beach hotel in Chicago. Among
them were Charles Schwab, head of the largest independent steel
company; Samuel Insull, president of the world’s largest utility;
Howard Hopson, head of the largest gas company; Ivar Kreuger,
president of International Match Co., one of the world’s largest
companies at that time; Leon Frazier, president of the Bank of
International Settlements; Richard Whitney, president of the
New York Stock Exchange; Arthur Cotton and Jesse Livermore,
two of the biggest stock speculators; and Albert Fall, a member of
President Harding’s cabinet. Twenty-five years later, nine of these
titans ended their lives as follows: Schwab died penniless after
living for five years on borrowed money. Insull died broke in a
foreign land, and Kreuger and Cotton also died broke. Hopson
went insane. Whitney and Albert Fall were released from prison,
and Fraser and Livermore committed suicide.

So here is the argument I put forth. I really don’t expect most
people to agree with it because your home is an emotional thing
and when it comes to money, high emotions tend to lower financial
intelligence. I know from personal experience that money has a way
of making every decision emotional.
• When it comes to houses, most people work all their
lives paying for a home they never own. In other words,
most people buy a new house every few years, each time
incurring a new 30-year loan to pay off the previous one.
• Even though people receive a tax deduction for interest
on mortgage payments, they pay for all their other
expenses with after-tax dollars, even after they pay off
their mortgage.
• My wife’s parents were shocked when the property taxes
on their home increased to $1,000 a month. This was
after they had retired, so the increase put a strain on their
retirement budget, and they felt forced to move.
• Houses do not always go up in value. I have friends who
owe a million dollars for a home that today would sell
for far less.
• The greatest losses of all are those from missed opportunities.
If all your money is tied up in your house, you may be forced
to work harder because your money continues blowing
out of the expense column, instead of adding to the asset
column—the classic middle-class cash-flow pattern. If a
young couple would put more money into their asset column
early on, their later years would be easier. Their assets would
have grown and would be available to help cover expenses.
All too often, a house only serves as a vehicle for incurring a
home-equity loan to pay for mounting expenses.

Mind Your Own Business

In summary, the end result in making a decision to own a house
that is too expensive in lieu of starting an investment portfolio impacts
an individual in at least the following three ways:

  1. Loss of time, during which other assets could have grown
    in value.
  2. Loss of additional capital, which could have been invested
    instead of paying for high-maintenance expenses related
    directly to the home.
  3. Loss of education. Too often, people count their house
    and savings and retirement plans as all they have in their
    asset column. Because they have no money to invest, they
    simply don’t invest. This costs them investment experience.
    Most never become what the investment world calls “a
    sophisticated investor.” And the best investments are usually
    first sold to sophisticated investors, who then turn around
    and sell them to the people playing it safe.

Work to Learn—Don’t Work for Money

I remind people that financial IQ is made up of knowledge from
four broad areas of expertise:

  1. Accounting
    Accounting is financial literacy or the ability to read numbers.
    This is a vital skill if you want to build an empire. The more
    money you are responsible for, the more accuracy is required,
    or the house comes tumbling down. This is the left-brain
    side, or the details. Financial literacy is the ability to read and
    understand financial statements which allows you to identify
    the strengths and weaknesses of any business.
  2. Investing
    Investing is the science of “money making money.” This
    involves strategies and formulas which use the creative
    right-brain side.
  3. Understanding markets
    Understanding markets is the science of supply and demand.
    You need to know the technical aspects of the market, which are
    emotion-driven, in addition to the fundamental or economic
    aspects of an investment. Does an investment make sense or does
    it not make sense based on current market conditions?
  4. The law
    A corporation wrapped around the technical skills of
    accounting, investing, and markets can contribute to explosive
    growth. A person who understands the tax advantages and
    protections provided by a corporation can get rich so much
    faster than someone who is an employee or a small-business
    sole proprietor. It’s like the difference between someone walking
    and someone flying. The difference is profound when it comes
    to long-term wealth.
    • Tax advantages
    A corporation can do many things that an employee cannot,
    like pay expenses before paying taxes. That is a whole area of
    expertise that is very exciting. Employees earn and get taxed,
    and they try to live on what is left. A corporation earns,
    spends everything it can, and is taxed on anything that is
    left. It’s one of the biggest legal tax loopholes that the rich
    use. They’re easy to set up and are not expensive if you own
    investments that are producing good cashflow. For example,
    by owning your own corporation, your vacations can be
    board meetings in Hawaii. Car payments, insurance, repairs,
    and health-club memberships are company expenses. Most
    restaurant meals are partial expenses, and on and on. But it’s
    done legally with pre-tax dollars.
    • Protection from lawsuits
    We live in a litigious society. Everybody wants a piece of
    your action. The rich hide much of their wealth using
    vehicles such as corporations and trusts to protect their
    assets from creditors. When someone sues a wealthy
    individual, they are often met with layers of legal protection
    and often find that the wealthy person actually owns
    nothing. They control everything, but own nothing. The
    poor and middle class try to own everything and lose it to
    the government or to fellow citizens who like to sue the
    rich. They learned it from the Robin Hood story: Take
    from the rich, and give it to the poor.

Which one sounds harder to you?

  1. Work hard. Pay 50% in taxes. Save what is left.
    Your savings then earn 5%, which is also taxed.
    OR
  2. Take the time to develop your financial intelligence
    Harness the power of your brain and the asset column.

I have said it before, but it’s worth repeating. Financial intelligence
is made up of these four main technical skills:

  1. Accounting
    Accounting is financial literacy, or the ability to read
    numbers. This is a vital skill if you want to build
    businesses or investments.
  2. Investing
    Investing is the science of money making money.
  3. Understanding markets
    Understanding markets is the science of supply and
    demand Alexander Graham Bell gave the market what it
    wanted. So did Bill Gates. A $75,000 house offered for
    $60,000 that cost $20,000 was also the result of seizing
    an opportunity created by the market. Somebody was
    buying, and someone was selling.
  4. The law
    The law is the awareness of accounting corporate, state and
    federal regulations. I recommend playing by the rules.

Getting Started

  1. Find an opportunity that everyone else missed.
    You see with your mind what others miss with their eyes.
    For example, a friend bought this rundown old house. It was
    spooky to look at. Everyone wondered why he bought it.
    What he saw that we did not was that the house came with
    four extra empty lots. He discovered that after going to the
    title company. After buying the house, he tore the house
    down and sold the five lots to a builder for three times what
    he paid for the entire package. He made $75,000 for two
    months of work. It’s not a lot of money, but it sure beats
    minimum wage. And it’s not technically difficult.
  2. Raise money.
    The average person only goes to the bank. This second type
    of investor needs to know how to raise capital, and there are
    many ways that don’t require a bank. To get started, I learned
    how to buy houses without a bank. It was the learned skill
    of raising money, more than the houses themselves, that
    was priceless.
  1. Organize smart people.
    Intelligent people are those who work with or hire a
    person who is more intelligent than they are. When you
    need advice, make sure you choose your advisor wisely.

Still Want More? Here Are Some To Do’s

The main management skills needed for success are:

  1. Management of cash flow
  2. Management of systems
  3. Management of people

Nehru On Secularism

JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU AND SECULARISM
PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU (1889-1964) was a freedom fighter and seasoned statesman of modern India. He was the architect of modern India, always yearned to build a secular nation.
Nehru regarded secularism as the basic law of Indian nationhood.
Nehru was an ardent champion of the Indian view of Secularism. In a multi-religious societylike India, Nehru defined a secular state that protects all religions but does not favour anyone at the expense of the other.
It does not adopt any religion as the state religion.
During the Independence movement of India, Nehru drafted the congress Resolution on fundamental Rights stated that the state should observe neutrality regarding all religions.
After the Independence of India when the Indian Constitution(1950) had been in force for over a decade, Nehru observed (1961) in an important speech:-
“ We have laid down in our Constitution that India is a secular state. That does not mean or irreligion. It means equal respect for all faiths and equal opportunities for those who profess any faith”.
Nehru did not conceive secularism as indifference to religion.
Nehru strongly condemned those forms of religion which sow the seeds of hatred between different religious communities.
Nehru used every single opportunity to express the danger of mixing religion and politics.
He visualized a secular state as one in which every individual had the full freedom to function according to his way either culturally or in matters of religion. It was Nehru’ a vision that shaped the Constitution of India in such a manner that it should provide for a secular state.
Nehru emphasized four different aspects of secularism :-
·      In the first place, he insisted that secularism meant grant of equal status to all religions in India and opposed grant of special privileges to any religion.
·      Second, Nehru’s Secularism implied the neutrality of the state in religious matters.
·      Third, Nehru viewed secularism as a mental attitude on the part of various communities which could bring about harmony and feeling of fraternity towards one another.
·      Concluding, Nehru’s concept of secularism implied the existence of a uniform civil code for the people of India.
 
Nehru was a secularist.  He disapproved both the Hindu communism as well as the Muslim communism.
Today’s the secular ethos for which Nehru strived hard through his life is facing a multi-prolonged challenge from the hydra headed communalism.
 
 

Why Indians ignore global issues like climate change

Climate change is a change in the climate or environment of  the planet . it is not a natural process ,but an outcome of human activities and interference with nature. Climate change is not an issue of today or yesterday. It’s been started for a very long time. Transformation or variation in nature has been started in nature since the age of industrialization. climate change is the biggest threat for humanity .It is making our earth inhabitable. . Human civilization was developing at the cost of nature. And after that we all have followed their footprints for getting luxurious lifestyle, comfort, easiness .

development is required , but should not be done at the cost of nature.

Climate change is most worriment issue of today’s world. but the point is whether all countries are equally serious about it. Solemnity about this global issue varies from country to country , because economical condition of countries, lifestyle of their people, education level, women’s condition in countries are not same . That is why it is obvious to have difference in their awareness and  actions. the more people will aware the more they will take action. Awareness relies  on the economical, political and educational level of the country . climate change is such a issue that is difficult to understand .the  . having knowledge is worthless if proper actions are not being made and implemented. All the countries are accountable for this global issue ,however  their contribution is  unlike . the hazardous impact of climate change will not be as per of countries contribution . the whole planet is affected by this.

Climate change increase flood risk. The global average surface temperature has increased 2 degree since the pre – industrial era . Every upcoming year is becoming warmest year ,breaking the record of previous years.  incidents of wild fires have become more apparent of become more apparent ,extinction of wild species ,demolition of ozone layer ,shrinking glaciers , increasing sea level and intensity of tornados, avalanches , new epidemics , water ,air ,soil pollution and heat waves . it more likely to face adverse effect in forthcoming days.

India is the 4th largest emitter of greenhouse gas after china , united state  and EU . For country like india , it   is not possible to pay more attention on this global issue , when they have major issue like corruption , poverty, population, unemployment, education system, basic sanitation, healthcare system, women’s safety, infrastructure, agriculture distress etc. The germanwatch institute presented the result of the global climate risk index 2020.India is also in the top 10 countries. India’s climate risk index is 18.17 and is the major victim of extreme heat ,flood and sand storm among other divesting natural events . Global disasters are making headlines everyday .for instance California wildfire ,Uttarakhand wildfires, Australian bushfires, tycoon and floods etc. Human civilization has put itself in a great hazard by its activities.

India is a developing country and is not responsible much for it as compared to other countries. Two third of people  in india are  living in poverty,: they lack a basic need. Middle class aim to have decent well paid job, hope to own a house of their own, seek to have a secure retirement  and want to secure the  healthcare and  educational need of their family. Affluent section are  busy in their luxurious life. In India citizens are tackling with more sever issue such as food security ,shelter, employment ,lack of good education and politics is concern with other things .

 In Indian politics climate change is not a major issue. Indian politics revolves more around religion , faith, party system ,temple, cast etc. Good education makes people aware and it leads the country toward new innovations  and breakthroughs ,which will ultimately help us in fight with climate change .In agriculture  sector we need new crop seed  with climate resilient feature because our land will have to face more flood ,droughts and extreme heat. We need new innovation in renewable energy sector ,people will only switch their  energy source when they find renewable energy source as cheap as traditional one. Although many major automobile companies have launched electric vehicle ,electric cycle but they are so expensive that middle class can’t  afford to buy. Research and development in this sector will help them to reduce the price while improving its  functionality .one main thing we need to ensure  that  these electric vehicles must use renewable energy for their charging.

People’s participation is crucial in any anti climate action plan proposed by government .There is lot of examples  of individual endeavours  such as Greta Thunburg, Devaki Amma from Kerela state of India who alone grew a forest and Anupam  Mishra know for the conservation of rivers and water sources. So everyone has a place in fight with climate change .

Lack of coordination  at  both national  and international level. countries have made many agreements , protocols, pacts and organization to combat the climate issue like IPCC ,UNFCC,RIO SUMMIT ,PARIS PACT,MONTIAL PROTOCOL ,COP SUMMIT but we can clearly see the lack of seriousness in world politics. Their words are more than action. Like all developing countries, India’s concern about economic development and poverty alleviation is justified. And must be fully respected in any global climate regime, As virtually stated  explicitely in the UNFCCC  (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change).

At world level, the largest polluter or carbon emmitor –US walked out  of the global agreement. However , later US  rejoin the paris agreement United state has produced  6.6 billion matric tons of carbon dioxide in 2019,the second largest emitter in the world after china. india is  the third largest emitter of greenhouse  gases.   For  the first time The Paris Agreement has  brought  together entire countries with a common goal of limiting   global warming to below 2 degree Celsius .  To attain this long  term temperature goal, countries motive to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible  to achieve a climate neutral world by mid century.

Myths in affiliate marketing

There are some myths in affiliate marketing, which attract a lot of people to it believing they are true. First is they think managing an online business is easy and second, they think that one can make a fortune through online marketing in an instant. Probably not even 10% of those who are into affiliate marketing became rich overnight. There may be some who fortunately achieved overwhelming success in just a short span of time after setting up an affiliate program, but not a majority of them can confidently say they only had luck. Anyone who is successful in this kind of business would say he worked hard to get to where he is right now. Success in affiliate marketing takes time and hard work, but it’s worth it.

If you are planning to start an affiliate program, one of the things you have to consider is having your own website, not just an ordinary website but a professional looking one. How do you build an affiliate marketing website? What are the easy steps to build one? First, you must have already decided on the theme or niche of your website. It would be better if you already have an idea what products or services to promote as this would help you plan the design and lay-out of your web pages. The next thing to do is to choose a domain name and get it hosted. The domain name is a unique name used to label the actual address of your website on the Internet. In deciding what domain name to register, look into the type of products you are endorsing and the theme of your site. Having the right keywords in your domain name would give you better chances of drawing more visitors to your website. Also, choose a top level domain or extension, such as .com because it is more popular. In selecting your web host, consider the security of servers and up time guarantees.

Now, you can start creating your webpages. Don’t be disheartened when you know a little in this field. There are page generation tools and fast launch sites available online; you just have to search for them. Countless online sources could help you build an affiliate marketing website, though you might need time to study and learn the whole process. This is one of the reasons why your site or the products you are going to promote must match your interest. Building your marketing website for the first time would be a lot more fun if you know very well the theme of your site. If you don’t have time to make your own website, you can use templates or purchase readily available websites. The latter, however, is a more expensive option.

Creating an affiliate website on your own would be cheaper and more interesting. In the process of building your website, you may also increase your knowledge in Information Technology and the use of computers, softwares and the Internet. As you educate yourself in these fields, you are increasing your advantage against other affiliate marketers. It helps a lot, though, if you already know the basics in web page development like programming languages and graphics softwares because you can make your site extra corporate-looking, more convenient to use or easier to navigate. Furthermore, if you are knowledgeable and skillful in this area, you can already concentrate more on the content of the page rather than the design.

The key to draw visitors to your website is to have high quality content; thus, the next thing you must pay attention to in building your marketing website is this. There may be several other factors that contribute to the success of your affiliate marketing site, but a good content tops the list. This is precisely the reason why users choose to enter your site. They want to get information and so when they don’t find it, they would definitely go elsewhere. Write interesting articles related to your theme as this would make them frequent your site. If you have already looked for affiliate programs that complement your site, add links to the business sites and other very good informative sites. Links contribute to how well you will be listed in major search engines as well. Also, create pages for the products you are endorsing, but don’t just promote the products by putting hyped-up ads. Keep your readers interested by injecting lots of relevant and useful information. This would make them click the link to the business site and buy the product. Remember that no good content means no frequent visitors, no sales and ultimately, no commission.

Make your site simple yet not without a touch of class in order to make it appear more of a business website rather than a personal website. This would be pleasing to the eyes and more interesting to browse. To help you with the design, you can check some successful online stores to get an idea on how you can make your site look better. Make sure you don’t place too many banner ads since these could distract some site users; and thus, instead of clicking your ad, they might just leave your site and look for other interesting websites. After all, banner ads are not the only means of advertising your products. Now your website is complete, submit its URL to major search engines to increase your traffic.

Grow from where you started. Learn about use of keywords for search engine optimization and apply them in your content. Update your site regularly or add new webpages. Make sure to inform your prospects about the latest updates in your site. You can use newsletters to accomplish this. The Internet offers a huge source of information about just anything, make use of it. Continue to educate yourself on how to improve your website and soon you’ll find yourself successful in affiliate marketing.

The change in current of philosophy

  • Introduction
  • Early references
  • The conditions to mastery
  • conclusion

Many question the relevance of philosophy in current times. Every other subject or field of study is given due importance- physics, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, geology, psychology, you name it! then why has philosophy dropped to simply graduate academics which very few people choose that too while being concerned about its scope and relevance in career and life. It is a matter of fact that all fields, if not all then majority have evolved from philosophy. The theories that have been expanded were once mere philosophical thought. For instance, the Archimedes principle.

This is where we need a change in perspective and practice.

Philosophy is to be studied, not for the sake of any definite answers to its questions, since no definite answers can, as a rule, be known to be true, but rather for the sake of the questions themselves.

Bertrand Russell, Problem of Philosophy

Philosophy, from Greek translates to love of wisdom. it involves rational, abstract and methodical consideration of reality as a whole, viewing it from multiple dimensions. Curiosity, rationality and abstractive are salient characteristics of philosophical thought. Philosophy, in primeval civilizations was considered to be art of living and not a subject of arts. Choosing a school, in that time, meant adopting their view of life and abiding by their ideals and practices. The school designed its students like an artist would design his piece of art. The schools of thought facilitated transformation of being and search for the eternal truth that would set human free from bondages and discover the intangible with its gifted intellect. Abilities were developed and put to test in these schools. The students were deeply engrossed in enquiry of reality both natural and abstract and its exportation to practice.

See the source image
The greek school of thought

Early references suggest that philosophy then was more intuitional, though it indicates a thought system acquired by intuitive experience and sustained by logical argument. Just like the Greeks term philos as love for wisdom; Indians call philosophy as Darshana and the field as darshan shastra. The word darshan in itself is vague but philosophically it means putting intuition to proof and propagating logically. A darshan is a spiritual perception, a whole view revealed to the soul sense. This soul sight, which is possible only when and where philosophy is lived, is distinguishing mark of a true philosopher. Only purity of soul can make a triumphant philosophy and an awakened philosopher. This purity is based on profound acceptance of experience, realized only when some point of hidden strength within man, from which he can not only inspect but comprehend life, is found. Philosophies arise from experiences of senses and soul and involves adroit introspection.

Philosophy seeks truth and the one in practice is a philosopher. The seeker after truth must satisfy certain essential conditions before he sets out on his quest. Samkara, in his commentary on first sutra of the Vedanta Sutras, makes out the four conditions essential for any student of philosophy.

Sri Samkara was a marvelous genius. He was a master of logic. Samkara’s philosophical conquests are unique in the world.  He expounded the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta.

The first condition is knowledge of the distinction between the eternal and the non-eternal.This means having a metaphysical bent that will not accept all it sees to be absolutely real and justified. There must be a questioning tendency in the inquirer and the spirit to probe all things, a burning imagination which could extract truth from mass of apparently disconnected data. The student must have a habit of meditation which allows him remain focussed.

The second condition is the subjugation of the desire for the fruits of action either in present life or a future one. It demands renunciation of all petty desires, personal motive and practical interests. The philosopher is a naturalist who should follow the movement of things without exaggerating the good and belittling the evil based on his prejudices. So, it is said that he must have no love of present or the future. Clear thinking and honest judgement must be developed.

To achieve a modest temper, he must suffer a change in heart, where a student is meant to acquire tranquillity, self-restraint, renunciation, patience, peace of mind and faith. This counts the third condition which asserts that only a trained mind which utterly controls the body can inquire and meditate endlessly till the end of life, never losing sight of the object and not for a moment letting it obscured by any terrestrial temptation. Such a courage to lose all for his highest end has to be developed. Physical and mental difficulties are to occur and in the midst of all suffering, he must build discipline. A spiritual discipline which includes pitiless self-examination will enable the seeker to reach his end of freedom.

The fourth condition is the desire for moksha or release. The one who has renounced all his material desires and is metaphysically minded has only one devouring desire to achieve the end or reach the eternal.

CONCLUSION

 Men have become so sceptical to trust their own decisions and judgements of life that they take refuge in scriptures, authority and tradition. Little do we create our own for ourselves and mankind.  The early geniuses – the philosophers, comprehended experiences on behalf of mankind, so the latter are eternally grateful to them. So, Question yourself and introspect how am I a philosopher? beacuse –

“The unexamined life is not worth living”

– Socrates

Sources

  • Indian Philosophy by S. Radhakrishnan

The Toltec Wisdom

The Toltec was a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican culture, native of Mexico that ruled from about 900 AD to 1500 AD. Ultimately, they passed on that heritage to civilizations such as the Aztecs, who regarded the Toltecs as a great and prosperous civilization. The first settlement of the Toltecs was at Culhuacan, but they later established a capital at Tollan.

The Tollan is assumed to be renowned for its sumptuous palaces and awe-inspiring buildings made from gold, jade, turquoise, and quetzal feathers. The city and the civilization were possessed with skilled artisan, craftsman, metal workers, jewellers and agriculturists. It is no doubt, that the civilization must have been well-governed and protected, since it survived and flourished for so many years. Toltecs had remarkable religious practices and were masters indistinctive art. They were very well versed in architecture, sculpture, writing and accomplished in medicine.

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Toltec Pyramid at Chichen Itza

After its extinction, what survived was the ancient traditional Toltec wisdom. Their tradition cannot be called a religion, but is a way of life and honours all the spiritual masters who have taught on the earth. The Toltecs embrace spirits and are deeply into spiritualism. Throughout southern Mexico, the Toltects were referred to as ‘men and women of knowledge’. They came together as masters (naguals) and students at Teotihuacan, the ancient city of pyramids outside Mexico City known as the place where ‘Man becomes God’.

For an era, the toltects were forced to conceal and protect the ancestral wisdom from the many conquests of invaders and misusers who tried to seek it simply for personal gain. This esoteric knowledge was passed on to generations of naguals and was maintained in secrecy for hundreds of years. They foretold the coming of age when it would be necessary to reveal it in discourses.

As Don Miguel Ruiz, a nagual from the Early Knight lineage, refers ‘Toltecs as scientists and artists who formed a society to explore and conserve the spiritual knowledge and practices of ancient ones.’ The Toltec wisdom is sacred and introspective.

But how can one edify and educate self with Toltec wisdom when it apeals to us so much?

Fortunately, we have our knight and nagual to teach us the Toltec wisdom. Don Miguel Ruiz in his book ‘The Four Agreements’ put forth the insights of the Toltecs. These four agreements, when practiced lead to lasting happiness and love.The contents of the book are meant for self-discovery, healing and self-improvement.

The introduction to the agreements introduces you to the illusion we all are in. Only the awakened one can see the reality. The author shares a story which can be assumed to be the experience of the first nagual of the Toltec tribe.

  ‘Three thousand years ago, a human like us lived near a city surrounded by mountains.’ This man was practicing medicine, to learn the knowledge of his ancestors. But he was dissatisfied with what he learned, ‘he felt that there must be something more’.

‘One day while he was sleeping in a cave, he dreamed that he saw his own body sleeping. He came out of the cave on the night of a new moon. The sky was clear, and he could see millions of stars. Then something happened inside of him that transformed his life forever. Ho looked at his hands, he felt his body, and he heard his own voice say, “I am made of light; I am made of stars.” “Everything is made of light” he said, “and the space in between isn’t empty.” And he knew that everything that exists is one living being, and that light is the messenger of life, because it is alive and contains all information.’

This is the extract of story from the original text.

The realisation was that everything in existence is a manifestation of one. Human perception is merely light perceiving light.

This realisation awakened him from the dream he had been in for so long. When he saw the world with those sparkling, illuminated eyes of his, he could understand everyone so well but no one could understand him. He realized that everyone was dreaming without awareness, without knowing who they really are. People who saw him is his awakened state perceived him to be an incarnation of God, but there he was, a mere human with higher level of consciousness, beyond illusion and insightful.

Each human is a mirror to others, but there is a wall of fog or smoke between the mirrors.  That smoke was made by the interpretation of images of light – the dream of humans. To remember all his acquired visions, he decided to call himself – the Smokey mirror; so that he would know that matter is a mirror and the smoke in between is what keeps from knowing who and what we truly are.

“I am the Smokey mirror, because I am looking at myself in all of you, but we don’t recognize each other because of the smoke in between us. That smoke is the Dream, and the mirror is you, the dreamer” inferred the nagual.

“The real mission you have in life is to make yourself happy, and in order to be happy, you have to look at what you believe, the way you judge yourself, the way you victimize yourself” 

Don Miguel Ruiz

SO YOU WANNA BE A WRITER

the wave of bukowski’s poem that took me to sail.
if it doesn't come bursting out of you
in spite of everything,
don't do it.
unless it comes unasked out of your
heart and your mind and your mouth
and your gut,
don't do it.
if you have to sit for hours
staring at your computer screen
or hunched over your
typewriter
searching for words,
don't do it.
if you're doing it for money or
fame,
don't do it.
if you're doing it because you want
women in your bed,
don't do it.
if you have to sit there and
rewrite it again and again,
don't do it.
if it's hard work just thinking about doing it,
don't do it.
if you're trying to write like somebody
else,
forget about it.
if you have to wait for it to roar out of
you,
then wait patiently.
if it never does roar out of you,
do something else.
if you first have to read it to your wife
or your girlfriend or your boyfriend
or your parents or to anybody at all,
you're not ready.
don't be like so many writers,
don't be like so many thousands of
people who call themselves writers,
don't be dull and boring and
pretentious, don't be consumed with self-
love.
the libraries of the world have
yawned themselves to
sleep
over your kind.
don't add to that.
don't do it.
unless it comes out of
your soul like a rocket,
unless being still would
drive you to madness or
suicide or murder,
don't do it.
unless the sun inside you is
burning your gut,
don't do it.
when it is truly time,
and if you have been chosen,
it will do it by
itself and it will keep on doing it
until you die or it dies in you.
there is no other way.
And there never was.

Charles Bukowski was a prolific German-American writer. Experience, emotion and imagination influenced Bukowski to start writing in his thirty-fives. His works portray his intention to write with sore truthfulness and with no apologies. But we are not here to discuss a poet’s life. We are to reflect on it. I recently came across this poem of Bukowski and felt that my obscure writer’s intention and instinct must be put to thought.

Every industry is on its course of development. This verb ‘writing’ works in an industry now. Most of the notable works we cherish and take refuge in now took years and decades to edit and rewrite, take for example, The prophet by Khalil Gibran; and now one ought to get ready with his/her idea and text in few days or in just few hours. I have never seen this letting a writer bring up a masterpiece or even permitting the writer to go for his gut. Those writers who gave us classics to enjoy wrote as if their life depended on it. I wanted to write because I enjoy doing it. And I must admit it to myself, the reality in mind and the reality in life are different and conflicting in themselves.

Thousands of articles, thousands of blogs get published in a day. But relevant and authentic are few. Which one to trust? The information is simply clogging internet and that information is clogging our mind. This generation is informative, true, but lacks knowledge. Internet, through its many formats provides information, extracting knowledge from it is what a wise does. And that one wise man puts it for experience and reflection. We humans must learn to be more accustomed to knowledge and wisdom rather than simply flowing with information that comes handy.

We are taught to write for marks in school, if we instinctively choose to become writers, then we write for money, recognition and also because we love writing. But for many, does it come from soul? The text must sprout from experiences, from imagination, from emotions, from self-actualization but it often sprouts from information itself. Some things come naturally and some with practice, what comes naturally and is practiced is language of the soul. We humans are creating less of the truth and simply summarizing and summarizing. It takes time for indistinct ideas to sprout and it takes more time for it to grow into stem, branches, flowers and fruits. And I am curious, do we give ourselves that much time? Or to put it this way, do we make for ourselves and for the art the required time?

CONCLUSION

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With everything technologically advancing, skills and work ethic must develop as well. And here we need to understand that individualistic and subjective approach is fine, but at the same time we must learn to adopt holistic approaches towards work and life. Art is created that way.

Let’s write as our life depends on it, for we, could give a life to our readers and not just a side-hustle for both.

The change in current of philosophy

  • Introduction
  • Early references
  • The conditions to mastery
  • conclusion

Many question the relevance of philosophy in current times. Every other subject or field of study is given due importance- physics, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, geology, psychology, you name it! then why has philosophy dropped to simply graduate academics which very few people choose that too while being concerned about its scope and relevance in career and life. It is a matter of fact that all fields, if not all then majority have evolved from philosophy. The theories that have been expanded were once mere philosophical thought. For instance, the Archimedes principle.

This is where we need a change in perspective and practice.

Philosophy is to be studied, not for the sake of any definite answers to its questions, since no definite answers can, as a rule, be known to be true, but rather for the sake of the questions themselves.

Bertrand Russell, Problem of Philosophy

Philosophy, from Greek translates to love of wisdom. it involves rational, abstract and methodical consideration of reality as a whole, viewing it from multiple dimensions. Curiosity, rationality and abstractive are salient characteristics of philosophical thought. Philosophy, in primeval civilizations was considered to be art of living and not a subject of arts. Choosing a school, in that time, meant adopting their view of life and abiding by their ideals and practices. The school designed its students like an artist would design his piece of art. The schools of thought facilitated transformation of being and search for the eternal truth that would set human free from bondages and discover the intangible with its gifted intellect. Abilities were developed and put to test in these schools. The students were deeply engrossed in enquiry of reality both natural and abstract and its exportation to practice.

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The greek school of thought

Early references suggest that philosophy then was more intuitional, though it indicates a thought system acquired by intuitive experience and sustained by logical argument. Just like the Greeks term philos as love for wisdom; Indians call philosophy as Darshana and the field as darshan shastra. The word darshan in itself is vague but philosophically it means putting intuition to proof and propagating logically. A darshan is a spiritual perception, a whole view revealed to the soul sense. This soul sight, which is possible only when and where philosophy is lived, is distinguishing mark of a true philosopher. Only purity of soul can make a triumphant philosophy and an awakened philosopher. This purity is based on profound acceptance of experience, realized only when some point of hidden strength within man, from which he can not only inspect but comprehend life, is found. Philosophies arise from experiences of senses and soul and involves adroit introspection.

Philosophy seeks truth and the one in practice is a philosopher. The seeker after truth must satisfy certain essential conditions before he sets out on his quest. Samkara, in his commentary on first sutra of the Vedanta Sutras, makes out the four conditions essential for any student of philosophy.

Sri Samkara was a marvelous genius. He was a master of logic. Samkara’s philosophical conquests are unique in the world.  He expounded the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta.

The first condition is knowledge of the distinction between the eternal and the non-eternal.This means having a metaphysical bent that will not accept all it sees to be absolutely real and justified. There must be a questioning tendency in the inquirer and the spirit to probe all things, a burning imagination which could extract truth from mass of apparently disconnected data. The student must have a habit of meditation which allows him remain focussed.

The second condition is the subjugation of the desire for the fruits of action either in present life or a future one. It demands renunciation of all petty desires, personal motive and practical interests. The philosopher is a naturalist who should follow the movement of things without exaggerating the good and belittling the evil based on his prejudices. So, it is said that he must have no love of present or the future. Clear thinking and honest judgement must be developed.

To achieve a modest temper, he must suffer a change in heart, where a student is meant to acquire tranquillity, self-restraint, renunciation, patience, peace of mind and faith. This counts the third condition which asserts that only a trained mind which utterly controls the body can inquire and meditate endlessly till the end of life, never losing sight of the object and not for a moment letting it obscured by any terrestrial temptation. Such a courage to lose all for his highest end has to be developed. Physical and mental difficulties are to occur and in the midst of all suffering, he must build discipline. A spiritual discipline which includes pitiless self-examination will enable the seeker to reach his end of freedom.

The fourth condition is the desire for moksha or release. The one who has renounced all his material desires and is metaphysically minded has only one devouring desire to achieve the end or reach the eternal.

CONCLUSION

 Men have become so sceptical to trust their own decisions and judgements of life that they take refuge in scriptures, authority and tradition. Little do we create our own for ourselves and mankind.  The early geniuses – the philosophers, comprehended experiences on behalf of mankind, so the latter are eternally grateful to them. So, Question yourself and introspect how am I a philosopher? beacuse –

“The unexamined life is not worth living”

– Socrates

Sources

  • Indian Philosophy by S. Radhakrishnan

The women’s way of Hitchhiking

Who doesn’t like to travel! Every form of travelling, be it through a travel agent or solo or picking up friends and exploring random places renders you lifelong cherish able experiences.

Travel is indeed more about people and places you come across in the tour. But very often we miss people and keep walking places. But this, is not the case with hitchhiking. To go with a dictionary meaning, it says hitchhiking to be a means of transportation (which is quite funny) that is gained by asking random individuals, usually strangers, for a ride in their vehicle. This definition is a life pact for some and for many a concern for their security. Travelling with locals on their vehicles gives you insights about their life and also the essence of beauty and devil of that place. As the saying goes one can learn more experiences from the experiences of others. All you need to do is go to any random place you have in mind, raise your thumb, ask for a ride when any vehicle stops by- paid or free that depends on the driver.

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Thumbs Up !

For men, hitchhiking is relatively safe. Women have to be more concerned with their safety because of rising cases of public violence against them. Asking a complete stranger for a ride won’t always lead to the destination decided. According to statistics attempted rape chances of female hitchhikers had been 1-2 out of 1000 lifts. So, is hitchhiking safe for women? the answer is both yes and no. And I believe this shouldn’t stop you from adventures.

I think a high school girl Hitchhiking is stupid. It was dangerous then and it is dangerous now.

Bo Derek

Knowing and hearing that hitchhiking is dangerous for women is the most annoying thing to come across. Like any other task men can do, women can perform it as well. Hitchhiking is no exception. The only thing different in case of female hitchhikers is that we have to go ready with both action and prevention measures. Many a times faking is key to save yourself from unavoidable situations. Keeping a loud whistle, pepper spray, etc. handy is a good preparatory measure.

Being mentally equipped with faking tactics always help. For instance, if the driver you are riding with offers to take you to your destination, which is exactly something you don’t want, in such a case then you can make up a scenario explaining them that you have someone waiting for you here. Such tactics will help you keep safe and enjoy the journey in solitude which is what you desire.

Other point to consider is the place you go hitchhiking. There are many scenic places you can enjoy but not all can be fit for hitchhiking. The culture and affairs of the place matters a lot. You can’t go hitchhiking alone in Syria or Saudi with your track pants on. That would be crazy. And thus, researching about the tour place beforehand is wise and perceptive. Choosing the right destination for both men and women matters. And this is truer with women.

A hitchhiker’s guide is a hundred percent accurate. Reality, however, is not as reliable.

Eoin Cofler

The travel accounts of Ana Barkan gives great insight on hitchhiking. The next time you plan one, read the stories and be prepared for the best and the worst (trust me the worst is rare).

Hitchhiking is fun and like any other travel sport, this is a great one to include in our bucket list only if you not desire to make it your life.

Should legal marriage age of women be raised from 18 to 21?

Prime Minister Modi, during his Independence Day speech last year made a mention of the proposal. Based on the recommendation submitted to Niti Ayog in December 2020 by the Centre’s task force, headed by Jaya Jaitly, which was constituted to examine “matters pertaining to age of motherhood, imperatives of lowering maternal mortality rate, improvement of nutritional levels and related issues”.

The disparity is easily visible in Section 5(iii) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 which set 18 years as the minimum age for the bride and 21 for the groom. In Islam, the marriage of minor who has attained puberty is considered valid. Statistics of girl’s marriage in India shows that 35% of female in India are married before the age of 21.Early marriage often leads to early pregnancy with massive health consequences such as complications, mental health problems etc. At 18, a girl has little understanding of the world with no degree. The situation is even grave in far flung or backward regions of India where parents thinks a daughter as a mouth to feed and marrying off acts as an elimination.

India’s first PM Jawaharlal Nehru said “If you educate a man, you educate a man. However if you educate a woman, you educate a family”. The proposal is a victory for women empowerment. Increase in marriageable age ensures higher education, skills enhancement, equal opportunities for self employment, self-dependency, healthcare etc. In the words of P. Chidambaram “The year 2022 should be used for massive educational campaign on benefits of marrying only after a boy or girl attained the age of 21 years”. The reform should not end here but it should further outreach an awareness.

IMPORTANT BOOKS TO READ IN YOUR 20’S

Reading is good for you because it improves your focus, memory, empathy, and communication skills. It can reduce stress, improve your mental health, and help you live longer. Reading also allows you to learn new things to help you succeed in your work and relationships.Reading has been proven to keep our minds young, healthy and sharp, with studies showing that reading can even help prevent alzheimer’s disease. Reading also develops the imagination and allows us to dream and think in ways that we would have never been able to before.

1) How to win friends and influence the people

How to Win Friends and Influence People is a self-help book written by Dale Carnegie, published in 1936. Over 30 million copies have been sold worldwide, making it one of the best-selling books of all time. Carnegie had been conducting business education courses in New York since 1912. The book is very easy to read and provides great examples and stories which makes it 10x easier to relate to and remember. I highly recommend this book, it has helped me improve certain aspects of my relationships and interactions with others.The core idea is that you can change other people’s behavior simply by changing your own. It teaches you the principles to better understand people, become a more likable person, improve relationships, win others over, and influence behavior through leadership.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Win_Friends_and_Influence_People

2) Think and Grow Rich

Think and Grow Rich was written by Napoleon Hill in 1937 and promoted as a personal development and self-improvement book. He claimed to be inspired by a suggestion from business magnate and later-philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think_and_Grow_Rich The “secret” of Think and Grow Rich is to place yourself within the overall scheme of creation, obeying natural laws that inevitably and invariably beget growth, expansion, renewal, and generativity.

3) The Power of your subconscious mind

The Power of Your Subconscious Mind has been a bestseller since its first publication in 1963, selling many millions of copies since its original publication. It is one of the most brilliant and beloved spiritual self-help works of all time which can help you heal yourself, banish your fears, sleep better, enjoy better relationships and just feel happier. The techniques are simple and results come quickly. You can improve your relationships, your finances, your physical well-being. Your subconscious mind is a powerful force to be reckoned with. It makes up around 95% of your brain power and handles everything your body needs to function properly, from eating and breathing to digesting and making memories.

4) The Richest Man in Babylon

The Richest Man in Babylon is a 1926 book by George S. Clason that dispenses financial advice through a collection of parables set 4,000 years ago in ancient Babylon. The book remains in print almost a century after the parables were originally published, and is regarded as a classic of personal financial advice.This point is actually the crux of the book: the classic principle of paying yourself first. Clason recommends saving at least 10% of all income earned. Even in his example of those who are paying off debt, he still advocates setting aside this one-tenth. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Richest_Man_in_Babylon#:~:text=The%20Richest%20Man%20in%20Babylon%20is%20a%201926%20book%20by,classic%20of%20personal%20financial%20advice.

5) Atomic Habits

An atomic habit is a regular practice or routine that is not only small and easy to do but is also the source of incredible power; a component of the system of compound growth. Bad habits repeat themselves again and again not because you don’t want to change, but because you have the wrong system for change. While it is well worth reading cover-to-cover as it is chock full of useful and actionable information about habits, from how and why we form them to how to break them and make them, I’ve decided to highlight my top takeaways and share with you the lessons I felt were the most profound. https://medium.com/tom-thoughts/i-finally-read-atomic-habits-here-are-my-top-5-takeaways-57dd6f904ab4

6 MUSCLE BUILDING FOODS

Gaining muscle is a slow process. It can take about three to four weeks to see a visible change. You’ll see some real results after 12 weeks, but it “all depends on your goals, and what type of strength training you are doing”

1) Eggs

Boiled eggs are eggs, typically from a chicken, cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water. Hard-boiled eggs are cooked so that the egg white and egg yolk both solidify, while soft-boiled eggs may leave the yolk, and sometimes the white, at least partially liquid and raw.

Hard-boiled eggs are a low-calorie, nutrient-dense food. They’re an excellent source of high-quality protein and rich in B vitamins, zinc, calcium and other important nutrients and antioxidants like choline, lutein and zeaxanthin.https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/boiled-egg-nutrition

2) Avacados

Avocado, a tree likely originating from south-central Mexico, is classified as a member of the flowering plant family Lauraceae. The fruit of the plant, also called an avocado, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. Researchers found overweight adults who ate avocado as part of breakfast showed improved blood flow, which can influence things like your blood pressure. They also found better after-meal blood sugar and blood-fat levels compared to those who ate the standard meal. Avocados are high in fat with 60 per cent of this being monounsaturated fats, which research suggests helps to protect against heart disease and lower blood pressure. They are also an excellent source of potassium, folate and fibre, all of which benefit the heart and cardiovascular system. https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/health-benefits-avocado

3) Berries

A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. According to a few studies, a bowl of blueberries can help in boosting immunity and can reduce the risk of diabetes, obesity and heart diseases. Moreover, consuming a small portion of berries daily can help in strengthening the metabolism and prevent any kind of metabolic syndrome and deficiency.https://m.timesofindia.com/life-style/food-news/what-happens-if-you-eat-blueberries-everyday/articleshow/71923432.cms

4) Yogurt

Strained yogurt, Greek yogurt, yogurt cheese, sack yogurt, or kerned yogurt is yogurt that has been strained to remove most of its whey, resulting in a thicker consistency than normal unstrained yogurt, while still preserving the distinctive sour taste of yogurt. Yogurt, also known as concentrated or strained yogurt, is made by eliminating the whey and other liquids from regular yogurt. Because the straining process reduces the total volume, Greek yogurt takes significantly more milk than regular yogurt to make a batch of the same size.It’s very nutritious, and eating it regularly may boost several aspects of your health. For example, yogurt has been found to reduce the risk of heart disease and osteoporosis, as well as aid in weight management.https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/7-benefits-of-yogurt

5) Salmon

Salmon are native to tributaries of the North Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. Many species of salmon have been introduced into non-native environments such as the Great Lakes of North America and Patagonia in South America. Salmon are intensively farmed in many parts of the world.

Salmon is one of the most nutritious types of fish that offers several health benefits. Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, and other essential nutrients, salmon is wonderful for hair and skin health. The great taste and excellent health benefits of salmon make it one of the most loved fish in the world.While they are both excellent sources of protein and add to your nutrient profile, the benefits of fish tend to be slightly higher than chicken, especially when it comes to the Omega-3 content in it.https://m.timesofindia.com/life-style/health-fitness/diet/fish-vs-chicken-what-helps-you-lose-weight-faster-and-why/articleshow/78148854.cms

6) Milk

Milk is a nutrient-rich liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals, including breastfed human infants before they are able to digest solid food.Cow’s milk is a good source of protein and calcium, as well as nutrients including vitamin B12 and iodine. It also contains magnesium, which is important for bone development and muscle function, and whey and casein, which have been found to play a role in lowering blood pressure. It’s packed with important nutrients like calcium, phosphorus, B vitamins, potassium and vitamin D. Plus, it’s an excellent source of protein. Drinking milk and dairy products may prevent osteoporosis and bone fractures and even help you maintain a healthy weight.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk

Important Skills Everyone Should Learn

Skills are the expertise or talent needed in order to do a job or task. There are many different types of skills that can help you succeed at all aspects of your life whether it’s school, work, or even a sport or hobby. Skills are what makes you confident and independent in life and are essential for success.

1) Sales

Sales are activities related to selling or the number of goods sold in a given targeted time period. The delivery of a service for a cost is also considered a sale.A person who sells goods or service on behalf of the owner is known as a salesman or saleswoman or salesperson, but this often refers to someone selling goods in a store/shop, in which case other terms are also common, including salesclerk, shop assistant, and retail clerk.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales

2) Marketing

Marketing is one of the valuable skills to strengthen your passive income. The action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising. Marketing refers to activities a company undertakes to promote the buying or selling of a product or service. Marketing includes advertising, selling, and delivering products to consumers or other businesses. Some marketing is done by affiliates on behalf of a company.https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketing.asp

3) Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Psychologists are actively involved in studying and understanding mental processes, brain functions, and behavior. There are different types of psychology, such as cognitive, forensic, social, and developmental psychology. A person with a condition that affects their mental health may benefit from assessment and treatment with a psychologist. https://psychology.osu.edu/about/what-psychology

4) Negotiation

A negotiation is a strategic discussion that resolves an issue in a way that both parties find acceptable. … By negotiating, all involved parties try to avoid arguing but agree to reach some form of compromise. Negotiations involve some give and take, which means one party will always come out on top of the negotiation. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/negotiation.asp Good negotiations contribute significantly to business success, as they: help you build better relationships. deliver lasting, quality solutions rather than poor short-term solutions that do not satisfy the needs of either party. help you avoid future problems and conflicts.

5) Communication

Communication is the act of giving, receiving, and sharing information — in other words, talking or writing, and listening or reading. Good communicators listen carefully, speak or write clearly, and respect different opinions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another.

6) Habits formation

Habit formation is the process by which a behavior, through regular repetition, becomes automatic or habitual. This is modeled as an increase in automaticity with the number of repetitions up to an asymptote. This process of habit formation can be slow. All habits proceed through four stages in the same order: cue, craving, response, and reward. This four-step pattern is the backbone of every habit, and your brain runs through these steps in the same order each time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habit

7) Decision Making

Decision making is the process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions. Using a step-by-step decision-making process can help you make more deliberate, thoughtful decisions by organizing relevant information and defining alternatives. Decision making can also be classified into three categories based on the level at which they occur. Strategic decisions set the course of organization. Tactical decisions are decisions about how things will get done. Finally, operational decisions are decisions that employees make each day to run the organization. https://www.umassd.edu/fycm/decision-making/process/

Top Five Sports in the World

Sports are popular for a number of reasons. Keeping healthy, healthy in mind, peace full time and good in fitness. Sports are even more popular with people who do not necessarily participate in them, but love being spectators. Since time immemorial, people have been enjoying and inspired by extraordinary human beings who are able to perform athletic feats. Here is a brief discussion of the most popular sports in the world.

1) Football

Football is a family of term sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word football normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football

Who invented football? Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is rooted in ancient sports such as Tsu’ Chu played in Han Dynasty China and Kemari invented some 500-600 years later in Japan.

What is football’s significance?Participating in football (like many other sports), provides many health benefits for children. It’s a physically demanding game that provides an opportunity for players to improve their speed, agility, strength, hand-eye coordination, and overall cardiovascular endurance.

2) Cricket

Cricket is a bat and ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. Who invented cricket?  There is a consensus of expert opinion that cricket may have been invented during Saxon or Norman times by children living in the Weald, an area of dense woodlands and clearings in south-east England.Cricket is the most popular sport in India by far, and is played almost everywhere in the country.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket

3) Baseketball

Basketball is The 3rd Most Played and Watched Sport in the World. Global Fan Base and Audience: The number of Basketball fans ranges from 2 to 3 billion. Basketball is a team sports in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular count, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately 9.4 inches (24 cm) in diameter) through the defender’s hoop (a basket 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter mounted 10 feet (3.048 m) high to a backbroad at each end of the court) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball

Basketball has become popular for a number of reasons: Basketball is fun to play: Basketball has a very fast and exciting pace of play. Basketball is fun to watch: Some of the worlds greatest athletes are basketball players. The game is fast-paced and full of excitement and lots of scoring.

4) Hockey

Hockey is a sport in which two teams play against each other by trying to manoeuvre a ball or a puck into the opponent’s goal using a hockey stick.The modern game of hockey emerged in England in the mid-18th century and is largely attributed to the growth of public schools, such as Eton. The first Hockey Association was formed in the UK in 1876 and drew up the first formal set of rules.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey

5) Tennis

Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).Each player uses a tennis  that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent’s court. The object of the game is to manoeuvre the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis