Mark Twain once said” Don’t let schooling interfere with your education.”

Schooling isn’t proposed to admonish the world rather it plans to grant information and create knowledge. Schooling has two social point as a primary concern get ready to assume one’s job on the planet’s work and assist in helping society in the wake of tutoring is finished.

Schooling alludes to the straightforward demonstration of sending a child to a school with the goal of bestowing information and getting taught. Education then again is about the way toward learning and building up one’s scholarly capacities from an all encompassing perspective, for which tutoring is neither an adequate nor an important condition.

The insignificant demonstration of sending a kid to class doesn’t naturally convert into instruction. The expectation for the benefit of various partners like school specialists, guardians, educators, the youngsters themselves and the administration strategy creators assumes a significant job.

The school specialists need to guarantee legitimate framework in school like quality instructors, writing boards, classes, toilets and so on. The instructors need to appropriately oversee the understudies and set up an affable relationship which energizes addressing, understanding and learning. . Guardians need to give a helpful domain particularly at home so kids get the chance to concentrate without getting occupied by other work. Government strategy producers need to motivating force the schools to convey best training to all youngsters without separation based on social, monetary or sexual orientation status.

In developing nations like India, governments have made education essential free and obligatory. This has guaranteed access to schooling . Be that as it may, by and by, the learning results are poor particularly among provincial youngsters and those with a less privileged foundation. Such youngsters sooner or later dropout or are elevated to higher classes without securing any huge instruction. Along these lines, the simple demonstration of tutoring doesn’t convert into training in regard of such youngsters. in numerous schools educator non-attendance is a significant issue. Indeed, even the nature of educators is inadequate. Numerous schools exist on paper without considerably appropriate framework. In the Schooling procedure there is an excess of spotlight on repetition learning instead of spotlight on basics. Genuine instruction would come just when the understudies create basic reasoning and imaginative resources.

Recently a decent schooling has been deciphered as a decent order over English language, even at the expense of a kid’s native language. This makes a feeling of inadequacy in the youngster towards their own nearby language. Not simply that, this is done at the expense of redirecting consideration from increasingly significant subjects like maths, sciences and so on. Therefore, we get an informed workforce useful for section level, low innovation occupations in BPOs, as agents and officials in MNCs, government workplaces, yet not sufficient researchers and specialists in the genuine sense who can review novel papers and accompany licenses.

By and by, a furious rivalry has begun among guardians to get their children educated at an exceptionally youthful age. The children are given colossal measure of schoolwork and need to convey large, overwhelming sacks. There isn’t sufficient spotlight on outside games. Sports are required for learning estimations of cooperation, authority or more all to build up a solid body and brain. Tutoring would convert into instruction when a balanced character is created by fusing sports and extra-curricular exercises in the prospectus.

Finally, schooling necessities to concentrate on instilling virtues and quality of character in understudies. The valid, comprehensive instruction ought to incorporate building up a city sense and an awareness of other’s expectations towards one’s nation and society. Along these lines we will get instructed residents who are an advantage.

A portion of the approaches to guarantee schooling prompts genuine instruction could be things like guaranteeing higher instructor understudy proportion, occasional preparing of educators so they know about new academic methods and devices, following the training excursion of an understudy utilizing on the web apparatuses, expanding consumption on essential and auxiliary instruction as a level of GDP, reasonable(free schooling) and so on.

The popular film 3 Idiots had a similar idea in it. Sonam Wangchuk the individual from whose life Aamir Khan’s character was roused is Guinness record holder from maximum number of inventions. Mark Zuckerberg a school drop out made a program that is presently a virtual reality where new individuals are going along with it regular.

Schooling isn’t planned to lecture the world rather it means to give information and create knowledge. Schooling has two social point as a top priority get ready to assume one’s job on the planet’s work and assist in helping society in the wake of tutoring is finished.

“An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind,” said Mahatma Gandhi

The death penalty is the punishment of death which is for the most part granted to those liable of deplorable wrongdoings, especially murder and kid assault. In India, this discipline is known as “hanging by the neck” till the passing of the lawbreaker. In different nations, shooting, hot seat, and so forth., are the different gadgets utilized for the reason. As of now 58 countries effectively practice it, and 97 nations have abrogated it.

The designer of the Constitution, Babasaheb Ambedkar, conceded in the Constituent Assembly that individuals may not follow peacefulness by and by however “they absolutely hold fast to the rule of peacefulness as an ethical command which they should see the extent that they can.” With this at the top of the priority list, he stated, “the best possible thing for this nation to do is to nullify capital punishment through and through.”

The Indian Penal Code perceives the death penalty under eight areas (121, 132, 194, 302, 303, 305, 307, and 396) for various offenses. Article 21 of the Indian Constitution gives that “no individual will be denied of his life and individual freedom with the exception of as indicated by the method built up by law.” Annulment of capital punishment is to a great extent observed as a stage in light of a legitimate concern for human poise in accordance with Article 5 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 and its convention in 1989, in addition, obviously, Article 3 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

It has been said that death penalty is severe, that it is as indicated by the law of wilderness – “tit for tat”, and “tooth for a tooth”. It is called attention to that there can be no more spot for it in an edified nation. Also, judges are not faultless and there are occasions where honest individuals have been hanged to death because of some blunder of judgment. Sociologists and abolitionists call it is as “legal homicide”. Human traditionalists contend that there are a few reasons why the death penalty must be nullified.

Right off the bat, it supports a “culture of brutality”. Furthermore, it has no hindrance esteem: its utilization has not been appeared to have achieved a noteworthy diminishing in wrongdoing. It is the assurance of discipline that has the impact of hindering wrongdoing, not the quantum of discipline. Thirdly, it is unavoidable; when done, it can’t be fixed.

The Supreme Court says that psychological oppression is the root motivation behind why the death penalty despite everything exists in India. The beast of fear mongering has spread its bleeding wings in a large portion of the nations. Psychological oppression remains on a by and large extraordinary plane and can’t be contrasted with murders submitted due with individual enmity or over property and individual questions. The supporters of capital discipline contend that, it is an inescapable and an essential discipline to be granted to those infamous hoodlums with no mercy. Ajmal Kasab and Afzal Guru are the two latest fear mongers worth referencing.

The milestone situations where the capital punishments were granted in India are Ranga Billa case, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi Assassination case, Laxman Nayak case and most as of late in 2004 Hatab instance of West Bengal where blamed Dhananjoy Chatterjee was held tight 14 August, 2004. It is said that capital punishment is minimal more than judicially endorsed murder. Equity K.T. What might be compared to life detainment.

In spite of the distinctions of suppositions, it is ordinarily concurred by both the gatherings of supporters and abolitionists of the death penalty that it ought to be granted to the guilty parties in the “rarest of the rarest” cases and sadly, since India has become the simplest objective of numerous fear based oppressor gatherings, the time has not yet sought India to annul the death penalty.

The world is moving ceaselessly from utilizing capital punishment. The European Union has made “abrogation of capital punishment” an essential for enrollment. The 65th United Nations General Assembly casted a ballot in December 2010, for the third time, for abrogating capital punishment and required a worldwide ban on executions. Acquittal International reports that 140 nations — more than 66% of the world — don’t utilize capital punishment any more. India needs to perceive this worldwide pattern, and act in sync with it. President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam proposed that Parliament ought to consider the abrogation of capital punishment through and through.

Now a days everything is going Digitize even study. Everyone use internet in these days . It’s likely that anyone who uses eLearning will tell you how impactful and convenient it is. In today’s “always-on” world, eLearning offers many benefits to both learners and organizations. 

Whether you’re an eLearning expert or beginner, there’s no denying its popularity has skyrocketed over the past decade. For employers, it offers an affordable, time-efficient way to train employees. In return, employees benefit from convenient training that enhances their skills and knowledge. It’s also used by organizations to train their partners and customers to increase adoption, retention, and ultimately, revenue.

What is e-learning ?

eLearning, or electronic learning, is the delivery of learning and training through digital resources. Although eLearning is based on formalized learning, it is provided through electronic devices such as computers, tablets and even cellular phones that are connected to the internet. This makes it easy for users to learn anytime, anywhere, with few, if any, restrictions.

Basically, eLearning is training, learning, or education delivered online through a computer or any other digital device.

The history of e-learning

To better understand how eLearning benefits organizations today, it’s helpful to look at its past. Elliott Maisle coined the term “eLearning” in 1999, marking the first time the phrase was used professionally. In the years since, eLearning’s reputation has gone from strength to strength. But what factors have facilitated eLearning in becoming the most popular way to deliver training today?

some of these factors included:

The Internet : Prior to the rise of the internet, many relied on printed manuals, CD-ROMS and other restrictive methods for learning and training. The rise of the internet allowed organizations to abandon one-dimensional practices and utilize the flexibility of eLearning.

Development of multimedia : As eLearning progressed, the ability to integrate elements such as images, videos, audio and graphics proved to be a more reliable way of keeping learners engaged compared to traditional learning.

Affordable Digital Devices : Considering the first IBM Computer the equivalent of almost $5000 today, it’s understandable that eLearning popularity rose as digital devices became more affordable. Mobile learning also hugely facilitated the growth of eLearning.

How to deliver e- learning : Implementing eLearning into your organization is beneficial and easy to do. Whether you want to use eLearning to keep your employees up to date on company policies, or to help your customers better understand your product, there are a number of eLearning methods you can use.

Use of LMS : A LearningManagement System(LMS) is a software application that is used to deliver online training. A great LMS will go beyond this, by providing you with the features and support you need to execute your eLearning strategy perfectly. Selecting an LMS can be daunting at first, but analysing your training needs and defining your requirements, should narrow your search significantly. There are several different types of LMS’s that you can choose from, such as cloud-based, open source, commercial, and installation-based.

A good cloud-based LMS should allow you to easily scale your training delivery and be backed by a superb customer success team whose sole objective is to ensure you succeed.

SCORM : The good news is that using SCORM provides your learner with a more interactive, engaging experience, and allows you greater control over the time spent on your courses.

SCORM is an acronym that stands for Shareable Content Object Reference Model. But don’t let that bewilder you! SCORM is a set of technical specifications that were developed to provide a common approach to how eLearning content is developed and used. It standardizes the way in which eLearning courses are created and launched. Most SCORM courses are developed using popular authoring tools and therefore follow a similar structure.

xAPI : Over the past couple of years, xAPI has become the popular new standard for delivering online training. xAPI is often described as the next evolution of SCORM, as it has redefined some of the fundamental practices of tracking learning experiences. It adds extra performance to SCORM and removes a lot of the restrictions of older specifications.

Types of E learning training

People use elearning for a variety of reasons. Whether it’s to develop new skills or learn remotely, convenience and accessibility elearning offers is huge. Here, some training are mentioned:

Employee training : It  is the most frequent type of eLearning organizations use an LMS for. Organizations utilize employee training for numerous reasons, such as onboarding new hires and improving employee performance. Training employees using an LMS formalizes training delivery and makes it more efficient.

Compliance training : It is a necessity for most organizations. It informs your employees on the laws or regulations applicable to their role and industry. Compliance training is mandatory and tackles topics such as health, safety, and dignity in the workplace.  Some examples of compliance training include:

Diversity Training

HR Law

Anti-Harassment Training

Customer training : The idea of training your customers may seem like an odd notion. But it has profound value! Customer training  programs help your customers use and understand your product or service. This type of training is especially popular with software providers.

As well as raising the customer experience, customer training benefits the organizations that run them too. You will experience better customer onboarding, increased engagement with your product or services, and improved customer retention.

Partner training: Also known as reseller trainig, partner training gives your partners the tools they need to be successful members of your network. Types of training include product information training, sales training, support training, marketing guidance, etc. Often certified training is a prerequisite to becoming a partner.

Partner training presents many benefits; it can help you engage partners, reduce support costs, scale growth, and protect your brand.

Benefits for e- learning for your organisation :

▪︎ cost effective

▪︎ saves time

▪︎improves performance and productivity

▪︎Lower environmental impact

Telangana has crossed 50 thousand corona cases,the cases are increasing day by day,on wednesday 1560 positive cases was recorded.chief minister chandrasekhar rao said “the cases are increasing becauses of more tests”.

Kerala, for the first time on Wednesday, breached the 1000-mark in covid19 cases in a single day after it declared 1038 more positive cases on Wednesday. Out of this, 785 cases are due to local transmission. While addressing a press conference, 

India, the third ranked country, reported 37,724 new cases of the novel coronavirus and 648 deaths in the 24 hours ending 9 am Wednesday, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare said. This took the country’s tally to 11,82,915, including 4,11,133 active cases, 7,53,050 recoveries and 28,732 deaths.

In other news, the Jammu and Kashmir administration has announced a six-day lockdown in the valley, except for Bandipore district, to stem the spread of virus. Bhopal will also be under lockdown  from July 24 to August 3.

To know yourself is your first priority! you should understand yourself first then only you can understand others.

How can you realistically set goals, go about life and have successful relationships if you don’t know who you are or what you want?  You really can’t.  

Not knowing yourself will lead to confusion and wasting much time in hit and miss situations.

We tend to underestimate the importance of knowing ourselves. Many of us go through each day reacting to events and just getting by rather than making conscious choices based on who we are and what we want.

When we don’t know where we are headed it’s hard to set goals, get motivated and determine the best course of action. Before we can do any of these things we must establish who we are.

• Become aware of how these moods and emotions affect your state of mind
• Examine how you interact with others
• Observe how your environment affects you

Take a moment to find yourself. Take a moment to get to know yourself and who you truly are. By being present within the now, it allows us to disregard everything that is outside of ourselves. We rid ourselves of the past, we stop looking into the future, and we disconnect from the external world and society that plagues our being.If you know you are an alcoholic and you don’t like that about yourself you stay away from places and situations where there will be alcohol. If you know that you have a short fuse and no patience with stupidity then don’t watch politics. If you like fixing things maybe become a mechanic or handyman.Knowing yourself is important to be happy and to become the best YOU that you can be. Remember that in all creation there is only one you. You may have things in common with others but all individuals, even from the same family, have unique experiences which help them develop individuality. Perspective is unique to each of us and if you allow it “God” can guide you into places and situations where your uniqueness is needed. I put God in quotations because I don’t wish to offend anyone and some may not believe or call Him by different names but the principle is sound.

Self-awareness is a trait–or maybe “practice” is the more accurate way to put it–that everyone can always improve at. It is part emotional intelligence, part perceptiveness, part critical thinking. It means knowing your weaknesses, of course, but it also means knowing your strengths and what motivates you.

Happiness and satisfaction are more easily attained when you are able to use your strengths in the service of a cause you believe in. We are all uniquely talented and have the greatest capacity for growth and development in areas we already excel in. It thus follows that we have the greatest opportunities for learning and achieving excellence when we engage in work that allows us to utilise our respective strengths and abilities. 

This is why it is important to understand who you are, what you’re good at and what you want before you even begin to consider your scholarship options. This will help you confidently make the right decision – one that will eventually help you derive long-term fulfilment in school and in your future career. 

Sexual harassment includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature in the workplace or learning environment, according to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). 

It is a type of harassment involving the use of explicit or implicit sexual overtones, including the unwelcome or inappropriate promise of rewards in exchange for sexual favors.Sexual harassment includes a range of actions from verbal transgressions to sexual abuse or assault.Harassment can occur in many different social settings such as the workplace, the home, school, churches, etc. Harassers or victims may be of any gender.

Sexual harassment by an employer is a form of illegal employment discrimination. For example many businesses or organizations, preventing sexual harassment and defending employees from sexual harassment charges have become key goals of legal decision-making.

Where can sexual harassment occur?

Sexual harassment may occur in a variety of circumstances and in places as varied as factories, schools, colleges, the theater, and the music business.Often, the perpetrator has or is about to have power or authority over the victim (owing to differences in social, political, educational or employment relationships as well as in age). Harassment relationships are specified in many ways:

•The perpetrator can be anyone, such as a client, a co-worker, a parent or legal guardian, relative, a teacher or professor, a student, a friend, or a stranger.
•Harassment can occur in varying locations, in schools,colleges, workplaces, in public, and in other places.
•Harassment can occur whether or not there are witnesses to it.
•The perpetrator may be completely unaware that his or her behavior is offensive or constitutes sexual harassment. •The perpetrator may be completely unaware that his or her actions could be unlawful.

With the advent of the internet, social interactions, including sexual harassment, increasingly occur online, for example in video games or in chat rooms, social networking sites such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook etc .

Status in India

Sexual harassment in India is termed “Eve teasing” and is described as: unwelcome sexual gesture or behaviour whether directly or indirectly as sexually coloured remarks; physical contact and advances; showing pornography; a demand or request for sexual favours; any other unwelcome physical, verbal or non-verbal conduct being sexual in nature or passing sexually offensive and unacceptable remarks. 

According to the Indian constitution, sexual harassment infringes the fundamental right of a woman to gender equality under Article 14 and her right to life and live with dignity under Article 21.

In 1997, the Supreme Court of India in a Public Interest Litigation, defined sexual harassment at workplace, preventive measures and redress mechanism. The judgment is popularly known as Vishaka judgement.In April 2013, India enacted its own law on sexual harassment in the workplace—The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013. Almost 16 years after the Supreme Court’s landmark guidelines on prevention of sexual harassment in the workplace (known as the “Vishaka Guidelines”), the Act has endorsed many of the guidelines, and is a step towards codifying gender equality.. The Act is intended to include all women employees in its ambit, including those employed in the unorganized sector, as well as domestic workers. The Indian law does not permit the victim or complainant to take assistance of a legal professional in the inquiry, however, in Arti Devi Vs Jawaharlal Nehru University,the High Court of Delhi permitted the complainant to avail the services of a counsel as her defence assistant.

The Act has identified sexual harassment as a violation of the fundamental rights of a woman to equality under Articles 14 and 15 of the Constitution of India and her right to life and to live with dignity under article 21 of the Constitution; as well as the right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business which includes a right to a safe environment free from sexual harassment. The Act also states that the protection against sexual harassment and the right to work with dignity are universally recognized human rights by international conventions and instruments such as Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women, which has been ratified on the 25th June, 1993 by the Government of India.

The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 introduced changes to the Indian Penal Code, making sexual harassment an expressed offense under Section 354 A, which is punishable up to three years of imprisonment and or with fine. The Amendment also introduced new sections making acts like disrobing a woman without consent, stalking and sexual acts by person in authority an offense.

What are some effects of sexual harassment?

Experiencing sexual harassment may cause some survivors to face emotional, physical, or mental health concerns. Some of them might include:

Emotional effects:

• Anger
• Fear
• Humiliation
• Shame
• Guilt
• Betrayal
• Violation
• Powerlessness and loss of control

Mental health effects:

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Panic attacks
• Difficulty concentrating
• Loss of motivation
• Sucidial ideation

Physical effects:

• Increased stress levels
• Headaches
• Fatigue
• Sleep disturbances
• Eating disturbances

Netflix has a higher turnover rate for it’s movie library. And since the Netflix home screen often promotes Netflix Original content above all else, it’s easy to miss the full breadth of movies available on the service.

Here’s the compilation of excellent movies from the last couple of decades that are now on Netflix.

1. Uncut Gems (2019)

In this gambling thriller set in 2012 New York City, a jeweler with a gambling addiction accepts extreme risks in both his personal and professional life on day to-day basis.

Runtime: 2 hours and 15 mins

2. There Will be Blood (2007)

In this period drama set in the early 1990s West Coast, an oilman tries to expand his drilling empire through any means necessary.

“There Will be Blood” earned nine Academy Award nominations and won two categories: Best Actor (Daniel Day-Lewis) and best cinematography.

Runtime: 2 hours and 38 mins

3. A Serious Man (2009)

In this black comedy set in 1967 Minnesota, a Jewish professor grapples with the collapse of his family, health and professional aspirations as everything that seemingly can go wrong does.

“A Serious Man” earned two Academy Award nominations: Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay.

Runtime: 1 hour and 46 mins

4. 20th Century Women (2016)

In this comedy drama, a single mother and her younger neighbors help raise a young boy in Santa Barbara, California, during the end of the 1970s.

“20th Century Women” earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay.

Runtime: 1 hour and 59 mins

5. The Master (2012)

In this psychological drama, an aimless war veteran stumbles inti a nascent religious cult in 1950.

“The Master” earned three Academy Award nominations: Best Actor (Joaquin Phoenix), Best Supporting Actor (Phillip Seymour Hoffman), Best Supporting Actress (Amy Adams).

Runtime: 2 hours and 18 mins

6. The Lobster (2015)

In this abundant comedy, a recently single man must find a partner within 45 days or he’ll be forcibly turned into a lobster.

“The Lobster” earned one Academy Award nominations for Best Original Screenplay.

Runtime: 1 hour 49 mins

7. Steve Jobs (2015)

In this period drama, Steve Jobs becomes one of the most venerated tech leaders in history while ignoring friendships and familial obligations.

“Steve Jobs” earned two Academy Award nominations for Best Actor (Michael Fassbender) and Best Supporting Actress (Kate Winslet).

Runtime: 2 hours and 2 mins

8. The Little hours (2017)

In this comedy, nuns in a convent break religious rules and wreak havoc.

“The Little Hours” has a long cast of comedy stars from the 2010s.

Runtime: 1 hour 30 mins

9. Spider-Man into the Spider-Verse (2018)

In this animated superhero movie, a young, Black Spider-Man discovers the existence of other universes (and other Spider-Men) that will come to help him save his own universe.

“Spider-Man into the Spider-Verse” won the Best Animated Feature category at the Academy Awards.

Runtime: 1 hour 57 mins

10. Drive (2011)

In this action dram, a Hollywood stuntman also works as a getaway driver for violent criminals.

“Drive” earned one Academy Award nomination for Best Sound Editing.

Runtime: 1 hour 40 mins

Introduction:

In the last few decades, the crime rate by the children under the age of 16 years has increased. The reason of increasing crime rate is may be due to the upbringing environment of the child, economic conditions, lack of education and the parental care. These are the some of the basic reasons. And the most disappointing part is that, children (especially under the age group of 5 to 7 years) now a days are used as tool for committing the crime as at that this stage their mind is very innocent and can easily be manipulated.

The Introduction of the Act has replaced the existing juvenile laws and has introduced some remarkable changes. One of the remarkable changes is juvenile under the age group of 16 to 18 years should be tried as an adult.

The frightful incident of “Nirbhaya Delhi Gang Rape Case” on December 16, 2012 shocked the whole nation and many debates were started among legal fraternity and socialists. The main reason and issue of the debate was the involvement of accused, who was just six months short to attain the age of 18 years. The involvement of the accused in such a heinous crime of rape forced the Indian Legislation to introduce a new law and thus, Indian Parliament came up with a new law which is known as “Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection), 2015.

Definition of Child and Juvenile under the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 and other various laws

Generally, a “child” means a person who has not attain the age of 18 years and is not mature to understand that what is right and wrong. In modern era, the penal laws of most countries have adopted the principle of ‘Doli Incapex’ “which means of knowing that act there are committing is a crime”.

The penal laws also state that Only child between the age of seven to twelve age can be convicted, provided that, the act they have committed is a heinous crime and they have knowledge and has attained the sufficient knowledge to understand the consequences of their act.

According to sub- section 12 of Section 2 of The Juvenile (Care and Protection) Act, 2015 a “child” means a person who has not completed eighteen years of age. The Act classifies the term “child” into two categories: –

• “child in conflict with law” 
• “child in need of care and protection

The child who has committed an offence and he or she is under the age of 18 years on the date of commission of the offence is basically called as “ child in conflict with law”. The second sub – category is “ child in need of care and protection”  means a child ad defined under Section 14 of the Act.

• Children Act, 1960 :- Section 2(e) of the Act states “ child” means a boy who has not attained the age of sixteen years or a girl who has not attained the age of eighteen years.
• United Nations Convention: – The UN Convention on the Rights of Child, 1989 defines that “child” means a human being below the age of eighteen years unless the law declaration applicable to child, majority is attained earlier.

Juvenile Justice Act, 2015

The aims to consolidate the laws relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection by catering and considering their basic needs through proper care& protection , development, treatment , social- integration , by adopting a child friendly approach in the adjudication and disposal of matters in the best interest of children. The act also focuses on rehabilitation of juvenile offenders through various child care houses and institutions.

Juvenile Justice Board

There shall be a constitution of Board for the purpose of inquiry and hearing in the matters of juvenile in conflict with law.

The Board shall consist of Principal Magistrate and two social workers, among whom one should be a women. The Act provides that under no circumstances the Board can regulate and operate from regular court premises. The decision taken by the Principal Magistrate shall be final.

1. Special Procedure of Juvenile Justice Board:-  The Act has provided the procedure against the juvenile offender .Following are the main special procedure –
2. The proceedings cannot be initiated on a complaint registered by the police or citizen
3. The hearing must be informal and should be strictly confidential.
4. The offenders should be kept under Observation Home after detention.
5. The trial of juvenile in conflict with law shall be conducted by lady Magistrate.
6. A child in conflict with law may be produced before an individual member of the Board, when Board is not sitting.

Juvenile Justice and Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is consider as the fundamental law of India. Constitution provides rights and duties of citizens. It also provides provision for the working of the government machineries. Constitution in Part III has provided Fundamental Rights for its citizens in the same manner in its Part IV it has provided Directive Principles of State Policies (DPSP) which acts as general guidelines in framing government policies. Constitution has provided some   basic rights and provisions especially for the welfare of children.

1. Right to free and compulsory elementary education for all the children under the age of 6 to 14 years. (Article 21A)
2. Right to be protected from any hazardous employment under the age of fourteen age. (Article 24)
3. Right to be protected from being abused in any form by an adult. (Article 39(e)).
4. Right to be protected from human trafficking and forced bonded labor system. (Article (Article 39)
5. Right to be provided with good nutrition and proper standard of living. (Article 47)
6. Article 15(3) of the Constitution of India provides special powers to State to make any special laws for the upliftment and the betterment of children and women.

Therefore, the law makers while drafting the Juvenile Act, 2015 has consider all the necessary provisions laid down by the Constitution so that child’s rights are protected in all the possible ways.

Case laws :

1. 1998 SCC, Del 879 : (1999) 77 DLT 181
2.  Section 82 of IPC states that a child below the age of seven years is doli incapex.
3. Section 13 of The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act,2015.
4. Section 14 of The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act,2015.
5.   AIR 2014 SC 2726.
6. Section 4 of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act, 2015
7. Section 4(2) of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act, 2015.
8. Section 5 of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act, 2015.
9. Section 7(2) 0f the Juvenile Justice( Care and Protection) Act, 2015.

Conclusion

The increasing rates of juvenile crime in India in very concerning issue and need to be focused upon. Although government has laid various legislation and rules to stop the incidents of juvenile crimes but the present laws on juveniles is not creating a deterrent effect on the juveniles and thus the results are not fruitful and legislative intent is not accomplishing.

 References

1. https://blog.ipleaders.in/juvenile-justice-system-india
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_Justice
3. https://thefactfactor.com/facts/law/legal

Despite odds and amid crises, farmers deliver produce. Today, farmers need government

Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic. But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city”.
— William Jennings Bryan, 
‘Cross of Gold’ Speech (1896)

COVID-19 may go down as India’s first ever natural disaster not to register widespread starvation in terms of a total collapse in food consumption levels. About three million people perished in the Great Bengal Famine of 1943. The 1966-67 Bihar famine led to the state’s

The novel coronavirus pandemic and the ensuing lockdown have had a far wider, nationwide impact. Yet, they haven’t produced the severe food deprivation, soaring prices and hoarding that defined the previous great calamities. We have had reports of stranded migrant workers not getting enough cooked food or dry rations. But these are largely stories of localised administrative neglect, and not comparable to the general lack of access to food seen in past catastrophes.

This time, not only is there no food crisis, the problem has been more about demand than supply. Panic buying of milk, atta, dal, sugar or cooking oil in the initial period of lockdown has given way to demand destruction from the closure of hotels, restaurants, tea stalls, caterers, sweetmeat shops and other business consumers. As a result, producers are the ones really suffering. Even with all the supply chain disruptions, there aren’t too many cases of food not being available in markets or at ration shops, community kitchens and relief camps. People may be hungry, but not starving.

daily per capita calorie intake dropping from 2,200 to nearly 1,200 in several regions. Maharashtra’s drought of 1972-73 caused an estimated 1,33,000-plus “excess deaths”.

The credit for this not-small transformation goes partly to the much-derided government foodgrain procurement and distribution system. India entered the lockdown with roughly 77 million tonnes (mt) of rice and wheat, plus another 2.25 mt of pulses, in public godowns. But the unsung heroes — without whom all this grain, now being distributed or cooked in food camps, wouldn’t have been produced at all — are the country’s farmers. These women and men have kept supplies going, even without being designated Frontline Corona Warriors.

The abundance of produce that farmers have delivered comes in spite of the many “coronas” faced by them in recent times — from droughts in 2014 and 2015, growing stray cattle menace, an anti-producer inflation-targeting policy and the demonetisation-induced crash in crop realisations. Each time, they have risen, phoenix-like, from the ashes. They weathered the DeMo storm by simply replacing cash with deferred payments for farm inputs. Currently, they are harvesting wheat and sugarcane using whatever labour is available, whether of family members or non-farm workers rendered jobless by the lockdown. Theirs is a tale of resilience and human endurance.

What is it that makes our true Corona Warriors carry on, come rain or shine, drought or flood?

One is, of course, the nature of their work that allows little rest or procrastination. The period from about mid-February to mid-July is the busiest for farmers, when they are harvesting wheat, mustard, chana, potato, onion or sugarcane and then preparing the field to sow paddy, cotton, soyabean, maize or bajra. The workload reduces somewhat subsequently till around mid-September, being limited to day-to-day monitoring of the crop and giving water, fertilisers and pesticides or removing weeds. From mid-September till end-December, it’s back to harvesting and marketing the kharif crop and planting for the rabi season. For dairy farmers, even the 3-3.5 months of relative relaxation is ruled out, as their animals have to be fed, cleaned and milked daily.

This full-time activity — which involves following the dictates of nature and managing production as well as price risks — breeds toughness and equanimity in the face of adversity. Last year, when auto companies were announcing factory shutdowns amid a pile-up of inventories, a plain message circulated in a farmers’ WhatsApp group: “Why can’t they slash car prices from Rs 10 lakh to Rs 2 lakh, if we can sell Rs 20 onions for Rs 2? If we can bear losses and continue to farm, what stops them from running their plants?” Survival against all odds is hardwired into their genes.

A second reason why farmers are able to soldier on may have to do with their not having a narrow accountant’s approach to profits. Operating income, return on capital employed or earnings per share are all alien concepts; the key metric for them is bhaav (price). So long as it covers costs, not the most rigidly defined, and generates cash flows to run the home and finance the next crop cycle, they will keep producing.

How should we express gratitude to this Frontline Corona Warrior? Farmers don’t need our thalis and taalis (beating of plates or clapping of hands). They have filled our stomachs even in this hour of crisis. The least we can do is return the favour. As mentioned earlier, the problem now isn’t supply, but demand. With private trade practically non-existent and nobody apart from households buying, the onus to guarantee a market for farm produce lies on the state.

Government agencies have begun procuring the rabi crop, but in the name of maintaining social distancing, only few farmers are being allowed to come to the mandis every day. They are being issued coupons or SMSs to bring quantities as low as 5-10 quintals, similar to women Jan Dhan bank account-holders having to queue up for hours to withdraw a measly Rs 500. Why not open purchase centres at rice and dal mills or even schools, colleges, panchayat offices, cooperative societies, district courts and other public places shut during the lockdown? Wheat just has to be unloaded, cleaned, weighed, bagged and reloaded for dispatch to Food Corporation of India warehouses. If overcrowding is to be avoided, the best way is to spread out buying beyond the mandis.

Tailpiece: My friend and editor of Outlook Hindi magazine, Harvir Singh, recalls a door-to-door survey conducted at his village near Uttar Pradesh’s Shamli in 1976. The district authorities checked how much freshly-harvested wheat each farm household had stocked. After assessing the self-consumption requirement, they requisitioned the entire balance quantity as levy. Procurement was done without any fuss at the village’s junior high school. That was during the Emergency, when the government needed grain. Today, the farmer needs the government.

Partnerships are a common form of business organization in India, particularly for a medium-scale business. With a partnership, you join forces with another person (or group of people) to run a business, sharing the profits. To register your partnership in India, you must first create a partnership deed, then register that deed with the Registrar of Firms. Partnership registration isn’t required, but provides proof of the existence of your firm and allows you to switch to a different form of organization, such as an LLP or a company, more easily.

Method1Creating a Partnership Deed

1. 1Choose a name for your partnership. Choose a name that is unique and represents your business to the public. It can’t be too similar to any other registered business names and can’t include words such as “Crown” or “Empire,” or any words that imply direct approval, sanction, or patronage by the government. These rules ensure that your business name won’t potentially mislead your customers.
2. 2Draft a basic partnership deed. The partnership deed describes your business and lists the rights and duties of each of the partners in your partnership firm. At a minimum, your partnership deed must include:
   • The name and address of the firm
   • The names and address of the partners
   • The nature of your business
   • The duration of your partnership
   • The capital contribution of each partner
3. 3Add specific details to the partnership deed as needed. Beyond the basics, there are additional clauses that you can include in your partnership deed, depending on the needs or desires of the partners. Additional clauses typically cover hypothetical circumstances that may arise over the course of the partnership and provide a process for dissolving the partnership. Examples of some other areas you might cover include:
   • Procedures for admitting or introducing a new partner
   • Interest on partners’ capital contributions
   • Salaries or commissions payable to partners
   • Division of powers and responsibility among the partners
   • Audit procedures
   • Procedures in the event of the retirement or death of a partner
4. 4Finalize the deed in the proper format. To be legal, your partnership deed needs to be printed on stamp paper and signed by each of the partners. The partners’ signatures should be signed in front of a notary. The notary will stamp each signature as valid.
   • The value of the stamp paper required for a partnership deed varies depending on location. You can find the amount by checking the Stamp Act for the state in India where your partnership is located.
   • After the deed is signed, make enough copies that each partner has a copy for their records. Keep the original as part of the business records.
5. 5Apply for a PAN card for the partnership firm. Even though the partnership firm is not distinct from the partners for tax purposes, you still must get a PAN in the name of the partnership. You are required to pay taxes for the partnership under this PAN regardless of whether you register your partnership.^[6]
   • The authorized partner will have to sign the application using a digital signature certificate.Tip: If you’re going to register your partnership firm with the Registrar of Companies, you must first have a PAN for the partnership.https://2b57fef586e3a7de0b1ab632db934244.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-37/html/container.html

Method2Filing Your Registration Application

1. 1Complete your registration application. Your registration application includes basic information about your firm, including the partnership’s name and business address, the names and addresses of all the partners, the duration of the partnership, and the date you started business. Each partner must sign the application in the presence of a notary, who will notarize the signature.
   • Download a blank copy of the form at https://karunadu.karnataka.gov.in/karigr/Downloads/Formats%20under%20Indian%20Partnership%20Act/Frm%201.pdf if you want to complete it in advance.
   • You can look at an example of a completed form at https://biharregd.gov.in/Society/Online/FORM1.pdf.Tip: Because registration of a partnership is optional, you can register the partnership before you start business or at any time thereafter. You don’t have to wait until registration is complete to do business under the partnership name.
2. 2Submit your application and supporting documents. Take your paper application to the Registrar of Companies to complete your registration. To locate the Registrar of Companies nearest you, go to http://www.mca.gov.in/MinistryV2/registrarofcompanies.html and scroll through the list. In addition to your application, bring the following documents:
   • A certified original copy of your Partnership Deed
   • The PAN card for your partnership firm
   • Address proof for the partnership firm (ownership deed or lease)
   • PAN cards and proof of address for all partners
   • An affidavit certifying all details in the application are correct
3. 3Pay your fees and stamp duties. When you take your documents to register your partnership, the Registrar will tell you any fees and stamp duties that you owe. These fees vary depending on your business’s location. Your partnership will not be registered until all fees and duties are paid.
   • You may want to call ahead to the Registrar’s office and find out what the fees are in your area.
4. 4Wait to receive your certificate from the Registrar. The Registrar reviews your application and documents. If everything is in order, the Registrar will officially register your partnership firm. Within a few weeks, the official registration certificate will be mailed to your business address.
   • You should get the certificate within a few weeks of the date you submitted your application. However, since registration of a partnership isn’t legally required, you don’t need the certificate to start doing business.

example:

Registration of partnership according to sec 69 of indian partnership ac JURISDICTION – green park come under jurisdiction of saket sdm office PROCEDURE-
1. FILL FORM NO 1 of schedule 49(stam charges 3 rs)a. must have photos of the partnersb.ted must be done notary c. attested
2. have partnership deed a. 1% of the capital b. must be done notary c. attested  3. DOCUMENTSa. adress proof(attested) b. aadhar card(attested)c. pan card(attested) 4. documents required  of the land owner on which the firm has set up a. elecrticity bill(attested)b. any id having the same adress proof as the firm has setup(attested) NOTE: ALL SHOUD BE ATTESTED THROUGH NOTARY
NOTE: AFTER COMPLETION THESE ARE SUBMITTED IN ROOM NO 12.