Category: Education

What is Dark Web? An Overview

The dark web is a section of the internet that requires special software to access and can be difficult to navigate once you do. Multiple layers of encryption allow people to browse and post information on the dark web with near anonymity, making it a go-to platform for buying and selling illicit goods and services.

What Are the Three Levels of the Internet?

Learning about the three levels of the internet might help you better understand what the dark web is.

Surface Web

The surface web, often known as the clear web, is the part of the internet that anyone can access using a web browser and a search engine. Search engines “crawl” the internet looking for new websites and pages to index. When you search for a website or term, the search engine returns results from its index that it believes are the most relevant to your search. The surface web includes news and informational websites (such as this blog), e-commerce sites, video-hosting platforms, and many other sorts of websites. While you may spend a lot of time on the surface web, it only accounts for roughly 4% of all internet traffic.

Deep Web

The majority of the internet is made up of the deep web, often known as the invisible or hidden web. These pages aren’t found in search engine results, but you probably visit them on a daily basis. The Deep Web includes:

Pages that need to be logged in to: The surface web includes home pages for social media sites, streaming services, email, and banking. You do, however, enter the deep web after you log in to your account.

Unindexed content: A website, page, or piece of content may be excluded from the list that search engines crawl, and hence will not appear in the search results. If you know the URL or are linked to it from another page, you can still visit non-indexed pages.

Secure Storage: Photo, video, research papers, medical information, and other data that is stored online but only accessible with the correct credentials make up a large part of the deep web.

Intranets: Businesses, schools, and governments can have their own private networks that are created specifically for their needs but are also connected to the internet. Employees could use this intranet to communicate, save files, and access informational pages about corporate policies.

For how we utilize the internet, the distinction between the surface and deep web is critical. After all, you don’t want your bank statements to show up in a Google search. However, because the deep web is still connected to the internet, a hacker may compromise a company’s security mechanisms and gain access to your personal data through a data breach.

Dark Web

The dark web is a subset of the deep web that requires special tools, software, or authorization to access. Search engines, like the deep web, do not index data on the dark web. The black web, like the rest of the internet, does not refer to a specific site or page. Instead, it’s a darknet, a form of network. A darknet could be created by setting up a secret and secure network with a group of people.

What Is the Dark Web and How Does It Work?

When most people talk about the dark web, they’re referring to the Tor network, which is one of the largest and most well-known darknets.

Tor, which stands for “The Onion Router,” bounces data through a series of encrypted layers (like an onion) to provide greater anonymity to users. On the Tor network, there are onion sites and services, and page addresses end in. onion.

Download and instal the free Tor browser to gain access to the dark web. (You may use it to search the surface and deep webs as well.) It’s totally legal, and the Tor Project, which created the browser, receives a lot of funding from the US government.

However, having a browser is only the first step. The dark web, unlike the surface online, lacks good search engines. You might have to look up the address of an onion site on your own, and the names aren’t easy to remember. The onion address for the CIA, for example, is ciadotgov4sjwlzihbbgxnqg3xiyrg7so2r2o3lt5wz5ypk4sxyjstad.onion, while for the nonprofit newsroom ProPublica, it’s propub3r6espa33w.onion.

These are two examples of legal businesses with dark web presences. The dark web, on the other hand, is primarily recognized for the unlawful activities that occurs there.

Why Are Criminals So Attracted to the Dark Web?

The Tor network helps you disguise your identity and allows you to construct and host onion services anonymously. As a result, criminals frequently buy and sell illicit goods and services on the dark web. Limited-time specials, user reviews, and adverts for organic items can all be found on darknet marketplaces, which are surprisingly similar to sites found on the surface web. Criminals, on the other hand, use these marketplaces to sell illegal goods and services such as drugs, firearms, and hacking software. On the dark web, many identity thieves and hacker groups make money by selling the information they stole. Depending on what’s being sold, the value of the information can vary dramatically. Full profiles, also known as fullz, might include a name, Social Security number, date of birth, and account numbers, and can cost anything from $8 to $30 per profile.

Medical records in their whole are extremely desirable to identity thieves, and can fetch up to $1,000. Cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, are the preferred payment method because they allow buyers and sellers to remain anonymous.

Green Economics

Over the past five years or so the issue of climate change has moved from a peripheral concern of scientists and environmentalists to being a central issue in global policy making. It was the realization that the way our economy operates is causing pollution on a scale that threatens our very survival that first motivated the development of a green approach to the economy. We are in an era of declining oil supplies and increased competition for those that
remain. This raises concerns about the future of an economy that is entirely dependent on oil and a wider recognition of the importance of using our limited resources wisely. This was the other motivation for the development of green economics. In addition, green economists have been concerned about the way an economic system based on competition has led to widening inequalities between rich and poor on a global as well as a national scale, and the inevitable tension and conflict this inequality generates.

Green economics is a methodology of economics that supports the harmonious interaction between humans and nature and attempts to meet the needs of both simultaneously. Green economic theories encompass a wide range of ideas all dealing with the interconnected relationship between people and the environment. Green economists assert that the basis for all economic decisions should be in some way tied to the ecosystem, and that natural capital, such as water, gold, natural gas, silver, or oil, etc. and ecological services have economic value.

The term green economics is a broad one but it encompasses any theory that views the economy as a component of the environment in which it is based. The United Nations Environment Program(UNEP) defines a green economy as “low carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive.” As such, green economists generally take a broad and holistic approach to understanding and modeling economies, paying as much attention to the natural resources that fuel the economy as they do to the way the economy itself functions.

While the idea of an equitable economy powered by renewable energy sources is alluring, green economics has its share of critics. They claim that green economics’ attempts to decouple economic growth from environmental destruction have not been very successful. Most economic growth has occurred on the back of non-renewable technologies and energy sources. Weaning the world, especially developing economies, from them requires effort and has not been an entirely successful endeavor. The emphasis on green jobs as a social justice solution is also fallacious, according to some. The raw material for green energy in several cases comes from rare earth minerals mined in inhospitable conditions by workers who are paid cheaply. An example of this is electric car maker Tesla, whose car batteries are made using raw materials mined from Congo, a region wracked by civil war. Another criticism of green economics is that it is focused on a technological approach to solutions and, consequently, its market is dominated by companies with access to the technology.

Freedom of Speech Vs Nationalism

Freedom of expression is a crucial pillar of an independent government; without it, a free society’s constitution is broken, and torture takes place on its ruins. Every person has the right to freely express their opinions, thoughts, and ideas on any issue without fear of being harassed or censored by the government. In the Indian Constitution, Article 19, freedom of speech and expression is guaranteed.

Nationalism, on the other hand, is defined by Merriam Webster Dictionary as “a feeling that people often believe in their country and take pride in them that it is better and more important than other countries” or “a strong desire to unite people who share culture, history, language, and other characteristics to form a separate and independent nation.” “For the exchange of ideas between the right and wrong organizations” Due to the distress, a recent discussion in India pitted freedom of speech and expression against nationalism. The boundary between nationalism and jingoism is frequently blurred, and as a result, they trample on free expression.

‘Freedom of speech’ is a gradually evolving idea in European cognition. The Bill of Rights in England (1698) guaranteed “freedom of expression in parliament.” The statement of human rights and cultures adopted during the French Revolution in 1789 also influenced this concept. In India, the Rowlatt Act of 1919 provided the British government and police considerable powers, including limits on public assemblies, personal rights and freedoms, media and publication control, and so on. Mahatma Gandhi’s nonviolent civil disobedience movement in the country was inspired by the public’s objection to this act. The right to freedom of speech and expression is guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). In this view, authority is significant because it promotes the realization of other human rights.

Individual and state-level freedom of expression are both protected. It can be comprehended around and around the world at the individual level, through the free exchange of ideas and information. People have the ability to express themselves irrespective of these rights, and the state protects and ensures them. On the other hand, from the standpoint of a state, freedom of speech becomes critical for the nation’s social, economic, and political growth.

This right allows honest people to administrate in all areas of government, including politics, bureaucracy, the court, and the media. It encourages residents to submit to these checks on a regular basis. Good governance emerges as a result of this process, which encourages public debate and discussion of policies, legislation, and government operations. It aids the transformation of public forums into a marketplace for ideas. It also allows for the implementation of human rights. The state-commissioned public inquiry of media and human rights, as well as the lapse, are highlighted.

Nationalism and freedom of speech and expression can coexist. They do not have to be mutually exclusive. However, red lines have been drawn on both sides. Speech and freedom of expression should not be suppressed by Jingwad or hyper nationalism. Similarly, freedom of expression is prohibited, and it must be compulsory to obey and voice slogans calling for India’s destruction. Finally, Pope John Paul II can be quoted: “Extensive nationalism is now linked to a slew of attacks and human aggressiveness, none of which saves anyone. The problem that we are currently facing has been accepted as reality. Doing is nothing more than a new type of slavery.”

Trainings and Internships In Technical Fields

In the early days of our university, we will all live in a fantasy world, where we will feel that we have everything we want. The future is bleak If we start the internship after the first year of study, whether it is a remote internship or a full-time internship, this situation can be easily resolved. Choose according to your convenience and university practice.

“Your greatest opportunity may be by your side”-Napoleon Hill

Your interns can choose from several trusted websites such as:

  • Internshala
  • Letsintern

In the college, we will have a group of friends and we will be happy to play with them. In the workplace, this may or may not happen, but you have to adapt to the environment as soon as possible to deal with different types of people. I’m sure some companies offer internship extensions and full-time performance based on the attitude of interns, depending on their Attitude Pages An easy process If this is a paid internship, you will understand the value of the funds you have used in the past, which will help you make better use of the economy. During the internship, you will need you to manage your studies, study and test results. Although once you have mastered the multitasking and time management skills that can be solved in real-time with World Problems , the process may seem daunting at first, but if your internship skills are not too passionate for Asmara, then your internship skills are also something Good things signal that they ignored the option very early. Work hard, study, and then forget to make the most of it. Don’t hesitate, don’t be afraid to start again. Because experts say you don’t start from scratch, but from experience.

You can learn how to apply the knowledge you have acquired during an internship to your future workplaces. In addition to this, it is an excellent learning curve for young graduates and students while meeting new people and making connections in the professional world

How dangerous the Coronavirus is?

He has killed more than 4,000 people in a short period of time. This is the worst epidemic in years. The whole world was destroyed. The new type of coronavirus pneumonia is a dry cough but no runny nose. This is the easiest way to identify the death of Wuhan virus (COVID-19) at 30-35 degrees, so please drink plenty of hot water. You can let your friends and family drink plenty of hot water to prevent it. Please spend a long time in the sun. Recently it was a cold period of the year, and I drank hot wine. Getting into the water is also very convenient. Drinking warm water is effective for most viruses.

1 This virus is quite large (cell diameter is about 400-500 nm), so any ordinary mask (not just the N95 function) should be able to filter it out. The infected person sneezes in front of you, walks 3 meters (approximately 10 feet), and then touches the ground and stops flying 659872 If the virus falls on a metal surface, it will survive for at least 12 hours, please wash your hands thoroughly with soap and leave you with water. No disinfectant 3 Virus can remain active on tissues for 612 hours Ordinary washing powder should kill the virus. Winter clothes that do not need to be washed every day can be exposed to the sun for 4 hours to kill the virus.

2 Then the virus mixed with nasal fluid and dripped into the lungs along the trachea, causing pneumonia. This process takes 5 to 6 days.

3 Pneumonia causes high fever and shortness of breath. Stuffy nose is not the norm. I feel like I am drowning in the water If you feel this way, it is important to see a doctor immediately. Prevention: The most common route of infection is by contact with objects in public places, so you need to wash your hands frequently. The virus can only survive on your hands for 510 minutes. But during these 510 minutes, you may cause a lot of harm (you may rub your eyes or pick your nose unknowingly)

4 In addition to washing your hands frequently, you can also rinse your mouth with Betadine to kill or reduce the bacteria still in your throat (Before) it drips into the lungs)

5 Follow the traditional Indian way of life and live according to moral principles and values. India’s traditional values ​​and lifestyle are the best way to combat these deadly diseases.This virus is just a warning. Nature may have more such diseases in the future. This is nature’s response to human overuse of nature. Do not eat after sunset. You are a vegetarian and always drink boiled water. You eat freshly prepared food. You are very scientific about what to eat and what not to eat. They use muh-batti (a kind of mask). For thousands of years, you are now in the news

ANDROID APP DEVELOPMENT

The Android device market is growing day by day, and companies are taking advantage of it by developing Android applications and selling them on the market. Google Mobile Operating System. It is designed to be open source so that Android application developers can take advantage of the operating system and create innovative new applications. The app makes everything easier. But anyone can simply download and use the application; developing an application is not easy. It takes months or even years of brainstorming and deciding on technical details to finally develop an application that can prove itself in the market. To cope with fierce competition in the market, it is important to ensure that everything is done under the latest trends and technological updates in the development industry. Mobile application development is the process of creating software applications that run on mobile devices, and a typical mobile application Use network connections to handle remote computing resources.

Basics of Android development

Android application development consists of one or more of the following four categories:

Operation-an application that provides visible user operations. On the start screen or application Start the operation in the launcher.

Service-You can use service for any application that needs to run for a long time, such as a B. Network monitor or application to check for updates.

Content provider. The easiest way to think about content providers is to think of them as database servers. The job of the content provider is to manage access to persistent data, such as contacts on mobile phones. If your application is very simple, you don’t need to create a content provider. However, if you are building a larger application or application that makes the data available for multiple operations and/or applications, the content provider is a medium that prohibits access to your data.

Streaming media receiver. You can launch Android applications to process data about specific items or respond to events, for example to Receive SMS.

In the past 10 years, Android has become the most popular operating system in many ways. This is a very flexible and user-friendly system that can change anything unrecognizable. It can be done at any stage of the Android application development process, which is impossible to build an application from scratch on a traditional linear platform

MACHINE LEARNING – THE MIRACLE

In the real world, we are learning new things every day and improving our decision-making skills on the basis of successful decisions in the past. Isn’t this human learning? If we now use computers to fully automate this process, what will it be? This will be machine learning.

Everyday applications

We use it a dozen times a day without even realizing it. Every time you perform a Google search, your machine learning software will figure out how to categorize the pages you want to visit. Also learn that if you read emails from your inbox, the smart spam filter can save you from browsing a lot of spam.

THE TECHNICAL UNDERSTANDING

Recently, Tom Mitchell described machine learning as a computer program. It is said that the program learns from experience E related to task T and performance metric P because its performance in T is improved by the P metric. Experience E Let us give an example of an online chess game, in which each game is a task T, and the process of the game is the experience E. Each game has a final result, which is a performance indicator P. This performance indicator is to win. Probability of a game against a new opponent. Now that the computer has the patience to play tens of thousands of games alone, it can further improve your chances of winning consecutively. Machine learning technology: a brief overview We all know how computers work, we all know How the computer works, we have simplified many operations. Now we are trying to get computers to examine all the macro and micro levels of human thought processes that lead to multiple decision-making skills. By developing truly intelligent machines, we can do almost anything you and I can do. This work consists of complex algorithms and functions of artificial intelligence applications running in expert systems. With every action you take, the computer will learn self-learning and self-esteem through progressive, keen, and precise decision-making skills. The computer learns to remember a past experience and process them according to the archived tasks and the resulting performance level. Development of actions/results in a specific context or situation.

FUTURE ASPECTS AND THE SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT

Machine learning is not limited to Google search or Amazon prediction. It is widely used in medical diagnosis, where tiny patterns are revealed to predict disease. Machine learning can have a positive impact on treatment and subsequent procedure decisions. Financial transactions, data mining, fraud detection, speech recognition, spam prevention, and language translation are some other areas where machine learning is used. The company uses the technology to predict the relevance of products based on the collected data. Let us see what machine learning can bring to the future. A fully functional self-driving car is expected to be available at the end of 2018. Natural language processing has developed a subset of machine learning so that students can improve search results and translations based on the search context. It will also help digital assistants like Siri interact with Humans On Cyber ​​Security Front, a machine learning model that can analyze the structure of inbound or outbound traffic to detect and stop suspicious before continuing damage occurs. activity. Decisions and code changes can be made without explicit programming, which makes machine learning an inevitable trend now and in the future.

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY

IAEA • International organization -promote the
peaceful use of nuclear energy.

• Inhibits the use of nuclear energy for any military purpose.

• Autonomous organization – 29 July 1957.

• Established independently of the United Nations
-IAEA Statute.

• Still reports -United Nations General Assembly
and Security Council.

Offices

• Headquarters – Vienna, Austria.

• Regional Safeguards Offices- Toronto, Canada,
and in Tokyo, Japan.

• Liaison offices -New York City, United States, and in Geneva, Switzerland.

• Laboratories and research centers.

Significance

• Intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation -peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power.

• Development of peaceful applications of nuclear
energy and science and technology.

• Provide international safeguards against misuse
of nuclear technology and nuclear materials.

• Promote nuclear safety (radiation protection)
and nuclear security standards and their
implementation.

Members.

• IAEA – 173 member (April 2021).

• India became a member in 1957 itself.

National Statistics Day

Every year June 29 ,is celebrated as the National Statistics Day ,on the birth anniversary of late professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalnobis ,The Father of Indian Statistics.Due to pendemic ,this year the event being organized through video conferencing at NITI aayog,New Delhi.The chief guest for this event will be Rao Inderjit Singh , Hon’ble union minister of state of ministry of statiscs and programme implementation and ministry planning.This year the theme is Sustainable development goal (SDG)-2 ,End of hunger ,achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.

What is RTI?


The right to information is abbreviated as RTI. The 2005 Right to Information Act requires the government to respond to citizen requests for information in a timely manner. Every citizen has the right to request any information from the government, to see any government papers, and to obtain certified photocopies of those records. Citizens have the right to inspect any government work or collect a sample of any substance utilised in that work.
Right to Information is a part of fundamental rights under Article 19(1) of the Constitution. Article 19 (1) says that every citizen has freedom of speech and expression. Even though RTI is a fundamental right, still we need RTI Act to give us this right.

RTI Act’s Purpose
The Right to Information Act’s primary goal is to empower citizens, promote openness and accountability in government operations, combat corruption, and make our democracy truly function for the people. A well-informed public will be better able to maintain required vigilance over government instruments and hold it more accountable to the people it governs.
RTI Act Schema
The Parliament acknowledged that a democracy’s healthy and efficient functioning requires an informed citizenry and information transparency, and that such transparency is essential for combating corruption and holding government and its agents accountable to the country’s citizens. The Parliament was also aware that the release of information at random and without oversight could jeopardise other public interests, such as effective governance, efficient use of limited budgetary resources, and the protection of sensitive information’s confidentially.
What may RTI be used for?
Any citizen may request information from a “public authority” (a government entity or “state instrumentality”), which is required to respond promptly or within thirty days under the Act’s provisions. Every public entity is also required by the Act to computerise their records for wide dissemination and to proactively reveal specific types of information so that citizens only need to make formal requests for information. Parliament passed this law on June 15, 2005, and it went into effect on October 12, 2005. Inspection of works, documents, and records are all covered by the right to information. Take down notes, extracts, or certified copies of any documents or records you come across. Take samples of material that have been certified. Printouts, diskettes, floppies, tapes, video, cassettes, or any other electronic method or printouts can all be used to obtain information. Records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advice, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, samples, models, data material held in any electronic form, and information relating to any private body that can be accessed by a public authority under any other law currently in force are all examples of information.

Right to Information Act’s Importance
1. This law gives citizens the right to request information from the federal, state, and local governments, as well as non-governmental groups that receive government funding.
2. The law equips Indian citizens with the necessary instruments to combat corruption.
3. RTI empowers citizens to hold government and government-funded institutions accountable.
4. Citizens have the right to request information under the Right to Information Act and determine whether their constitutional rights have been violated based on the information received.
5. Individuals are given information in order to advocate for themselves under this law.

AN ANLYSIS ON OVERALL GROWTH IN THE INDIAN ECONOMY [2020-2021]

The following research paper discuses about the various aspects of the Indian economy, GDP, Economic slowdown etc. The COVID-19 pandemic ensued global economic downturn, the most severe one since the Global Financial Crisis. The lockdowns and social distancing norms brought the already slowing global economy to a standstill. Global economic output estimated to fall by 3.5% in 2020 (IMF January 2021 estimates).Governments and national banks across the globe conveyed different arrangement instruments to help their economies, for example, bringing down strategy rates, quantitative facilitating measures, and so forth India received a four-column methodology of control, financial, monetary, and long haul underlying changes: Calibrated financial and money related help was given, padding the defenseless during the lockdown and boosting utilization and speculation.

PRICES AND INFLATION

Averaged 6.6% during April-December, 2020 and remained at 4.6% in December, 2020, principally determined by ascend in food swelling (from 6.7% in 2019-20 to 9.1% during April-December, 2020, attributable to develop in vegetable costs) CPI feature and its sub gatherings saw swelling during April-October 2020, driven by significant expansion in value energy – because of the underlying interruptions brought about by COVID-19 lockdown Moderated value force by November 2020 for most sub gatherings, combined with positive base impact.

Sustainable Development and Climate Change

Voluntary National Review (VNR) presented to the United Nations High-Level Political Forum
(HLPF) on Sustainable Development . Limitation of SDGs is significant to any methodology pointed toward accomplishing the objectives under the 2030 Agenda. Sustainable advancement remains center to the improvement technique regardless of the remarkable COVID-19 pandemic emergency .Eight National Missions under National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) zeroed in on the targets of variation, relief and readiness on environment chances. India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) states that money is a basic empowering influence of environment change activity . The financing contemplations will subsequently stay basic particularly as the nation ventures up the objectives considerably .The objective of mutually preparing US$ 100 billion every year by 2020 for environment financing by the created nations has stayed tricky.

GDP

India’s real GDP has recorded a growth of 11 per cent in 2021-22 and the nominal GDP by 15.4 per cent- which has been the the highest since independence. The V-shaped economic recovery is supported by the initiation of a mega vaccination drives with the hopes of a robust recovery in the services sector and prospects for robust growth in consumption and investment. The Union Minister for Finance & Corporate Affairs, Nirmala Sitharaman presented the Economic Survey 2020-21 in Parliament, which stated that the rebound will be led by the low base and continued normalization in economic activities as the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines gathers traction. The fundamentals of the economy remain strong as gradual scaling back of lockdowns along with the astute support of Atmanirbhar.

Conclusion

India has evolved through the pandemic on the back of strong policy initiatives by the government, along with an optimistic outlook for economic recovery. India has administered ~4 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines in two weeks since January 16, 2021, becoming the fifth-largest inoculated country globally. India has become the world’s vaccine hub and extended support to 90+ countries seeking to stock up vaccines.

Since March 2020, early lockdown, health-infra ramp-up, incremental unlocking, blanket testing, social distancing, tailored fiscal stimulus (to reduce supply-side disruptions and revive demand) and structural reforms initiated by the government have helped restrict the fatality rate in India to 1.2%—one of the lowest in the world. India is emerging as the world’s fastest-growing major economy, with the IMF holding its growth forecasts as high as 6.8% for FY23. Also, the Economic Survey 2020-21 has drawn attention to the V-shaped economic growth—a testament to the burgeoning Indian economy and its intrinsic strength. India is not yet out of the danger of the pandemic. Social distancing continues to be the most effective tool to combat the pandemic as activity levels continue to rise in the economy boosted by the rapidly escalating inoculation drive in the country. Infrastructure to boost sectors to grow with unlocking of economy Terming investment in infrastructure “quintessential” to boost growth, the Economic Survey on Friday said post unlocking of the economy, infra sectors are poised for growth and construction of roads is expected to return to the high pace attained before COVID-19. The infrastructure sector will be the key to overall economic growth and macroeconomic stability, the Survey said emphasizing that the year after the crisis (2021-22) will require sustained and calibrated measures to facilitate the process of economic recovery and enable the economy to get back on its long term growth trajectory.

Mahadevi Varma


In the 1920s, a time when few Indian girls could dream of finishing school and being anything other than housewives and mothers, one-woman name Mahadevi Varma discovered a love of writing and went on to become one of the key figures in a new era of Hindi poetry.

Mahadevi Varma best known as an outstanding Hindi poet, was a freedom fighter, woman’s activist and educationist from India. She is widely regarded as the “modern Meera”. She was a major poet of the Chhayavaad generation, a period of romanticism in Modern Hindi poetry ranging from 1914- 1938. With passage of time, her limited but outstanding prose has been recognised as unique in Hindi Literature. She was a prominent poet in Hindi Kavi sammelans (Gatherings of poets).


She was the Principal, and then the Vice Chancellor of Prayag Mahila Vidyapeeth, a woman’s residential college in Allahabad. She was awarded India’s highest literary award, for lifetime achievement, the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship in 1979, followed by the Jnanpith Award in 1982. She was the recipient of the Padma Vibhushan, India’s second-highest civilian award, in 1988.


Mahadevi Varma was deeply affected by Buddhism and also contributed to the Indian freedom movement. She even tried to become a Buddhist bhikshuni. Mahadevi was appointed as the first headmistress of Allahabad (Prayag) Mahila Vidyapeeth, which was started with a view to imparting cultural and literary education to girls through Hindi medium.

Later, she became the chancellor of the institute. Mahadevi is considered to be one of the four major poets of the Chhayavaadi school of the Hindi literature, others being Suryakant Tripathi ‘Nirala’, Jaishankar Prasad and Sumitranandan Pant. She was also a noted painter. She drew a number of illustrations for her poetic works like Hindi and Yama.


Many of her books are included in the syllabus for school children by CBSE. A few of these are; Neelkanth, which is about her experience with a peacock; Gaura, a story about a beautiful cow; Mere Bachpan Ke Din and Gillu, about her childhood memories; and also her poem Madhur Madhur Mere Deepak Jal. Mahadevi Varma studied the compositions of devout poets like Meera, Sur and Tulsi from childhood. This is the reason that these poets became his source of inspiration. Following are the major compositions of Mahadevi Varma – ‘Neehar’, ‘Neerja’, ‘Sandhyagit’, ‘Deepshikha’, ‘Yama’, ‘Movies of the past’, ‘Lines of Smriti’, ‘Links of series’ etc.
Mahadevi Verma received several awards for her poems which had a language that was original and lyrical, at the same time having profound meaning. She was able to paint a picture that was both colourful as well as had depths of philosophy in it.

LIFE OF A PRIVATE TUTOR

WHAT DOES A PRIVATE TUTOR DO?

A Private tutor first explains the concept of a topic or subject to the student. Later, he/ she prepares notes, composes and compiles all the important digestible materials related to the subject, types it digitally and finally sends it to his or her students in PDF or Word format. Sometimes the tutor narrates the basic notes online and offline to the students and tries to make it more lucid for them.

TODAY’S STUDENTS

The students’ community is the laziest group of people. They love joining a tutor or a tuition only basically to extract the notes and seldom shows interest to listen the vital basic concepts dealt in the running class. Sometimes joining some heavy weight teachers’ class is understood to be the status symbol. This becomes the matter of delicious discussion among the parents’ community. They share among them, where studies the son or daughter of Mrs X or Mrs Y.

PARENTS’ PLUNDER

Parents are the unique group of people. Once they admit their wards in any tutorial, they feel like bestowed with the salvation from all the responsibilities of their ward and forget the course, tutor and simply the fee to be paid at the end of the month. So, when the negotiated fee is demanded the hopeful teacher witnesses the grimacing faces of the parents as if some havoc loan has been demanded. Parents bargain with their trade and class as if they are green vegetable vendors and selling some products which must be haggled over. In this sluggish talk they forget one very vital thing that by showing such behaviour they destroy the very motivation of the tutor, who is actually taking charge of the pedagogical development of the child. Definitely, a motivation always gives birth to satisfactory results. If teacher will be deprived of his or her genuine demands, how will he develop fertile brain of a student and how will he sow the ‘Seeds of Future education’ in that soil.

Not only this, parents’ humiliating arguments over the matter of fee with a tutor honk in front of his/her ward. Raising a negligible weakness of the teacher, they create a big issue and try to deduct the amount of the fee to a big extent.

 TUTORS’ TRAGEDY

PRIVATE TUTORS are the most helpless and humble community of the world. They love their self-respect more than their bread and butter. They maintain a dignified silence in all the turbulent matter even if they are shockingly annoyed by the parents. Private tutors are very strong in their will power. They mentally, physically, academically and to an extent financially make themselves ready to cope up with the demands of education in the upcoming situation of the existing world. They never give up and compose themselves with the fortification of all types of desired technique and tools to support their beloved students. Throughout the year, without taking leave or holiday, they try to negotiate their terms in best possible way in best possible time. In case they miss the class, they compensate it on some other day of the week. They also feel happy to sacrifice their happiness and give priority to the student’s education.

ROLE OF PRIVATE TUTOR

Maximum Schools run after finishing the syllabus within a very restricted time interval. It becomes very tough for the school teachers to handle all the textual question and queries successfully and satisfactorily in the class. Usually, they dump them on the wobbly solders of students’ army. Being traumatised with this unwanted pressure they start a “google search “and which eventually ends on the threshold of a private tutor.

Private tutors’ role starts here. They deal each and every question thoroughly, meticulously and deeply one after another. The take much toil to collect, organise, compose and supply information to the “soul’s satisfaction” of a student. Doing all these they actually give a big contribution to the today’s society and tomorrow’s world.

LET US BE TOGETHER TO BRING A VITAL CHANGE

Now the question arises that in spite of a round the clock support by these academic warriors, why does the condition of the private tutors so pathetic? Why are they dragged miles away from true recognition and respect? Why are they bound to lead an unrewarded, unprotected life in this happening, blooming world?

Although mushrooming of online teaching portals has given little chances to the few fresh and charming candidates after several rounds of performance appraisals but why do they hesitate to clean the sweaty faces of true academic front runners who still lag behind in touching the light.

In spite of bringing sunshine to all and sundry why are they bound to lead an unprogressive, unattended life?

Let’s put our collective effort to support, boost, encourage and motivate our real society changers, our own private tutors.

Sigmund Freud: II

Please ensure to read the Part I of my section on Freud.

3 Psychic Zones, Id, Ego, Super Ego. [Butter paper effect – Conscious Subconscious and Id (entirely unconscious),Ego, Super Ego (slightly conscious]) Reservoir – primes source of psychic energy, place where Libido exists, exists or function according to the pleasure principle, wants to fulfil its needs, characterised by great amount of vitality and energy, very amorphous zone, “Obscure inaudible past of our personality .. in accordance with the pleasure principle”. Needs and instincts to fulfil these needs, no morality/values/good/evil, nothing, source of aggression/desires/ deep rooted impulses, lawless, no social cues reckon by Id, function to gratify instincts without any implication of ones action, and if not kept under control and could be taken to any level, self destructive, satisfy for pleasure for the self, to gratify its instincts. Ego, a regulating agency; individual protective in certain way, a rational, governing agent of the psychic. All those needs may be released, in specific ways, the ego will control the id such that we don’t indulge in destructive ways, the untrained id is kept aside by ego governed by reality Principe; regulated by the Outer World. Super go – values like morality, notions of right and wrong, moral senses, reckons moral restriction and plays an important role in the drives and thrusting them back to the unconscious, and so you can’t be overly aggressive – a parental influence of mind and that good things would be rewarding and bad be punished, morality principles. Passes by phase of erotic development; phased passed erogenous zones, the oral the anal and the genital – not only just pleasure, but processes, eating – oral, elimination with anal and reproduction with genital. Pleasure and need quiet new with infant and children – Freud said it. Your gratification if frustrated, your development can be arrested, stuck/fixated unbalanced a phase, and fixation can manifest itself very significantly in your personality – Castration – Castration anxiety. 

Dreams – recurring but sometimes what we commonly see – flying/falling(edge of a cliff)/drowning/running – being chased/ dead people coming back and taking to them that feels real – Freud talks about this entire world of dreams. 

JOKES and their IMPACT

Hellooo guys!!,today’s topic is the joke ,don’t think I am pranking you guys, literally I am going to write about “JOKE”

SO starting todays article with a “joke” as the title says.

 Whoever said nothing is impossible is a liar. I’ve been doing nothing for years.><

THE THOUGHT CLUB

What do you guys think when you hear this word “JOKE”

JOKE IS DIRECTED TOWARDS A PERSON,SUBJECT,OBJECT,SITUATION.

A joke is a display of humour in which words are used within a specific and well-defined narrative structure to make people laugh and is usually not meant to be taken seriously.

-Wikipedia

A JOKE CAN BE HUMOUR,PUN ,OR A TEASE

JOKES CAN BE SARCASTIC,SAVAGE,PUN,SENTIMENTAL.EVEN LIFE LESSONS CAN BE LEARNT THROUGH THEM.

Jokes present a funny situation ,but they also make us think about it, interesting isn’t it.

JOKES WHICH ARE MADE ON THE SPOT ARE EVEN MORE FUNNIER AS THEY RELATE TO THE SITUATION PRESENT THERE.

The punchlines are what jokes are mainly made up of the whole joe surround that particular line, whether it will be funny or not it depends on them.

We make jokes when we want to get out of awkward situation, or when teasing someone, or to criticize some one.

we make jokes so there can be a relaxed atmosphere, it binds people closer, jokes that bring a smile on your face, they can make your sad day a happy day.

Photo by ELEVATE on Pexels.com

Reading or listening to jokes can make one stress free, they bring out the joy that is hiding .Jokes make our mood lighter.

Jokes that we read mostly portrays our real life situation which makes them more funnier as we also realize that the the routine which is depicted there is very true and connects to many people.

There are many benefits of jokes,

Jokes make us laugh and in turn it triggers the endorphins which brings calmness to our nerves ,releases pain and makes us stress free.

But sometime jokes can hurt the others feeling too. We should not joke on somebody thoughtlessly cause its fun to you, we should consider the other person’s situation, and take their state of mind ,and relevance to the situation, their emotional status and your personal rapport with them into account so that the other person is not feeling uncomfortable and is actually willing to accept the jokes.

Making jokes without considering their privacy, and thoughtlessly intruding into their personal life cannot be considered as joke but an insult. You cannot make a joke out of every situation, there should be a certain time, environment and mood to be considered.

Jokes can not only sweeten the relationship between people often they can sour, and sever the bonds.

Jokes made without crossing the borders that is what we should aim for so that the other people can think they can confide their serious problems and ask for their solution optimistically as you would be a person who knows when to joke and when you shouldn’t.

And today’s joke of the day is I wrote an serious article on joke><. Thankyou^^