Category: World

Pakistan once again violated ceasefire. 2 soldiers martyrs.

In Jammu and Kashmir, elections to the District Development Council (DDC) are held in a few hours. But again Pakistan violated the ceasefire. In which 2 soldiers were martyred. The attack took place in Sunderbani sector of Rajouri. In which Prem Bahadur Khatri and Sukhbir Singh have been martyred.

Although this is not the first time. yesterday, terrorists attacked the patrolling troop of Srinagar’s security force from Pakistan. Due to which 2 soldiers were martyred. Three militants fired indiscriminately on the Baramulla highway in Srinagar. resulting in injuries to two soldiers. He was then admitted to the hospital and after that he martyred within a few hours. However, the entire area has been sealed. And the Indian Army has given a befitting reply to the terrorists. On November 28, the elections to the DDC of Jammu and Kashmir.

Covid vaccine will be provided by linking Aadhaar.

Corona vaccine is being tested in the country and the world. Because cases of corona in the world are constantly increasing. However, it is a challenge to the government not only to corona but to whom to give corona vaccine first ? and how to distribute it?

In India, the corona vaccine may come early next year. According to Healthy Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan 25-30 crore people will be given corona vaccine by June – July of next year. The person will be linked to the Aadhaar card while giving veccine. For which there will be no Aadhar card, the government has not given any kind of information.Simultaneously, the government will use schools, panchayats, and anganwadis to distribute the vaccine and the state government will identify the places from where the vaccine will be given.

How will the covid app work?

While moving the veccine from one place to another, there is no change in the environment of the veccine so the covid app will be taken.

After giving the covid vaccine the person will be given a certificate. in which who, when, and where the vaccine is given will be given information which can be severely reduced in digi locker.

PM Pitches For Larger Role In UN For India In UNGA Debate

It was most refreshing, most rejuvenating, most remarkable and most rewarding to see how elegantly, effectively, eloquently and effortlessly our PM Narendra Modi spoke while articulating an inclusive vision for the world and India’s role in manifesting it. PM Modi very rightly asked the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA): How long India would be kept out of the top UN decision making bodies? Very rightly so!

                                    To be sure, India very rightly and very richly deserved to be in the UN high table among the permanent members of the Security Council. But countries inimical to India always stoutly opposed this and it is an unpalatable truth that China, US and UK were among those countries even though now relations have improved significantly with US and UK and much water has flown under the bridge! 

                                       It is US and UK who have dominated UN right from its inception and who oversaw the horrible partition of India and also have ensured successfully till now that all those terror groups who are operating against India from Pakistan are not touched ever and Pakistan is protected from being blacklisted. US and UK ensured that Osama Bin Laden was killed right inside Pakistan as he was a direct threat to them but have simultaneously ensured that Hafiz Saeed who heads Lashkar-e-Toiba, masterminded Mumbai attack of 26/11 and many other attacks as also Syed Salaluddin who heads Hizbul Mujahideen and many other groups directed against India are never touched or harmed in any manner! On one hand, we earlier heard former US President George Bush advocating that there are no good terrorists or bad terrorists but the ground reality is they have always treated terror groups directed against India with kid gloves and ensuring that they are never touched. Pakistan PM Imran Khan had himself admitted earlier that more than 40,000 terrorists are active in Pakistan but still UN preferred to look the other way around! Even now Pakistan withdrew cases against 4000 terrorists but yet again UN simply did nothing at all! Shocking! 

                              Not just this, human rights organizations based in both these countries – US and UK always mostly criticize India alone on ground of lack of tolerance for minorities or on one pretext or the other but very conveniently overlook that the population of minorities in India has grown since independence which is more than that of Pakistan whereas in Pakistan and Bangladesh, the population of Hindus and other minorities have gone down considerably! How can India overlook all this? How can UN overlook this but it has been overlooking which has only served to dent its credibility in the international forum!      

                                        Coming to the present 75th summit in UN General Assembly, PM Modi assured the world of the adequate supply of vaccines and highlighted India’s contribution to the UN peacekeeping missions and its non-exclusive foreign policy, making the case for India playing a leading role in the world body. India is the biggest democratic country in the world but see how India has been treated by UN! UN has overlooked that it is India which has contributed maximum soldiers for peacekeeping operations still UN has always mocked at India at the behest of big powers like US, UK and China which alone explains that why it has always ignored Pakistan’s open support to cross border terrorism directed entirely against India thus making a complete mockery of UN!

                              PM Modi vociferously while espousing the cause for India playing a bigger role in UN did not shy away from pointing out that, “When we were strong, we were never a threat to the world; when we were weak, we never become a burden on the world. Indian troops have participated in about 50 UN peacekeeping missions…Today every Indian, while seeing the contribution of India in the United Nations aspires for India’s expanded role in the UN.” He said that the idea of Vasudhaiva kutumbakam [the world as one family] was in resonance with the UN’s founding ideals and said Indian troops had participated in about 50 UN peacekeeping missions. 

                              UN has always worked on the agenda of US, UK and China. This alone explains why till now India has not been made a permanent member of the UN Security Council! It is high time and UN must now mend its ways or else face the hanging sword of being rendered irrelevant!    

                                No doubt, relations with US have improved significantly especially under US President Donald Trump but US still views India with suspicion just like UK and China. France and Russia are India’s traditional allies on whom we can bank always! They have never been known to work against India at any point of time.

                                   PM Modi whose penchant for Hindi is known world over did not shy away to speak in Hindi and delivered the first speech at the UNGA debate. He said that the problems and solutions of the world in 1945 were quite different from today. He said that, “Today, we are in a completely different era.” He also asked if the character of an institution from those times is even more relevant today.

                             PM Modi also highlighted his government’s domestic initiatives such as promoting women entrepreneurs, paid maternity leave, ensuring rights of transgender people, connecting 400 million people to the banking system, freeing 600 million people from open defecation, and providing access to free health care services to more than 500 million people.                            

                               PM Modi also very rightly wondered aloud that the UN enjoyed “unparalleled” respect in India but Indians were concerned whether the reform process would “ever reach its logical conclusion.” He said with consummate ease that, “Reform in the responses, in the processes, in the character of the UN is the need of the hour…Today, people of India are concerned whether the reform process will ever reach its logical conclusion. How long will India be kept out of the decision-making structures of the UN?” This is primarily because of the rigid stand of “Big Five” especially US, UK and China of not allowing any change in UN that has made it redundant totally out of context with the present ground day reality!

                                    It is high time and the “Big Five” excluding China must now wake up to see for themselves that India’s track record is impeccable as compared to countries like China whom US now openly accused of spreading the deadly pandemic Corona due to which more than 2 lakh Americans have lost their lives! It cannot be denied that as of now India’s candidature for permanent membership of an expanded and reformed Security Council has been backed by all the current permanent members of the Security Council barring China. Should China be allowed to hold the UN to ransom? 

                                   Needless to say, UN must certainly honestly introspect on this! It is high time and now China must be thrown out and India must be brought in! It brooks no more delay anymore! 

                                           PM Modi also rightly took swipe at China by pointing out that we don’t make partners dependent. He thus took potshots at Beijing’s debt-trap diplomacy. He said that, “India has always thought about the interests of the whole humankind and not about its own vested interests. This philosophy has always been the driving force of India’s policies. From India’s Neighbourhood First Policy to our Act East Policy, as well as the idea of Security and Growth for All in the Region, or our views towards the Indo-Pacific region, we have always worked for the interests of humankind, and not driven by our own self-interests. India’s partnerships are always guided by this very principle.” He also made it known that, “When India strengthens its development partnership, it is not with any mala fide intent of making the partner country dependent or hapless.” PM Modi had presumably made an oblique reference to China’s model of infrastructure financing in the Indo-Pacific which has led to several countries falling into debt-traps with Beijing.   

                             It would be pertinent to mention here that India would take the non-permanent member seat at the United Nations Security Council from January 2021 for a period of two years. The PM assured that, “India will always speak in support of peace, security and prosperity.” While sharing his piece of mind, PM Modi said that, “India will not hesitate in raising its voice against the enemies of humanity, human race and human values – these include terrorism, smuggling or illegal weapons, drugs and money-laundering.” He underlined New Delhi’s commitment to the fight against terrorism but placed it in a broader context. 

                                        It is most shameful to see that UN has always stood committed to protect the “terror factories” operating from Pakistan! UN has never pressurized Pakistan to close its terror factories and hand over all the terror leaders to UN to be tried for all the terror crimes! On the contrary, UN has never dared to speak when former Pakistani Army Chief Gen Pervez Musharraf had the guts, gumption and gall to publicly hail terrorists as “freedom fighters” and “heroes”. He once famously said that, “Hafiz Sayeed to hero hain ji hero bilkul aasli hero. Osama who be sacha hero hain. Bharat ke liye yeh aatankwadi hain paar hamare liye yet to hero hain ji hero bilkul aasli hero.” Could all this have happened without the blessings of UN, US, UK, china among others?

                                PM Modi did not say anything directly but indirectly he conveyed everything! He made known India’s position on a variety of issues. He also cited the Covid-19 pandemic crisis to make the point that reforms at the UN are urgently needed. He did not shy away from being upfront and asking in simple and straight language that, “Where is the United Nations in this joint fight against the pandemic? Where is its effective response?…Your Excellency, reform in the responses, in the processes, and in the very character of the United Nations is the need of the hour. Over the last 8 to 9 months, the whole world has been battling the pandemic of the Coronavirus.” He reiterated India’s commitment, willingness and capacity to share responsibility on the world stage at a time such as this. 

                            Going ahead, PM Modi also said that, “We have never hesitated from sharing experiences of our development. Even during these very difficult times of the raging pandemic, the pharmaceutical industry of India has sent essential medicines to more than 150 countries.”

                                     Furthermore, PM Modi also made it a point to mention that, “As the largest vaccine producing country of the world, I want to give one more assurance to the global community today. India’s vaccine production and delivery capacity will be used to help all humanity in fighting this crisis. In India and in our neighbourhood, we are moving ahead with phase-3 clinical trials in India. India will also help all the countries in enhancing their cold chain and storage capacities for the delivery of the vaccines.”    

                                          It is high time and this shameless UN must at least now have some pity, wake up from its deep slumber and stop giving Pakistan shamelessly the long rope as most unfortunately it has been doing till now to freely spread terror not just in India but in other countries as well as in Afghanistan! It is high time and this shameless UN must wake up and accord the permanent seat to India which many say that the then Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru had foolishly gifted to China! It is high time and the historical blunder must be corrected now!

                                                It goes without saying that UN will certainly get more legitimacy if it accords India the due place which it so richly deserves also but which it has been most unfortunately denied in the last more than seven decades! Now the ball is clearly in the court of the UN! It has to decide what role it wants the largest democratic country in the world i.e. India to play in the world forum! It is UN which will gain maximum if it listens to what Indian PM Narendra Modi said on this count!               

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh

Childhood Redefined: 90’s Cartoon

 Memories are an integral part of the upbringing of a child. This leads to shaping up one’s personality based upon knowledge & past experiences. Memories are of different kinds. They vary by nature, like saying positive or negative or they can differ in periods depending upon very old or recent times. 

  These memories lend one experiences that lead one to learn one life lesson. This experience causes one to get off through tough days with ease & make good days better. Now discussing childhood memories, they leave each one of us with a different imprint. The reason for our smiles or tears occasionally. 

   To each one of us, our childhood holds a jar of memories. Savouring over our favourite delicacies, playing for hours under the sun with friends, sharing tiffins at school & are some of the common memories that each one of us holds. But something common to all of us is the animated series of the late ’90s or early ’20s. I bet they are still a part of you, embedded deep in your heart, probably forgotten. 

 From being a couch potato watching cartoons all day long to binging Netflix on weekends we all grew up. So let’s turn the clock back as we go down the lane to revisit childhood, with these top 12 cartoons hand-picked just for you :

1] Tom & Jerry: This American animated series was created in 1940. It is named after its two main characters; a blue-grey cat named Tom who gets into comedic fights or chases the brown homed mouse called Jerry. Each episode shows the two characters which they often get hurt ridiculously. 

 2] Flinstones: This show is set in the pre-historic times in the town of Bedrock. Living beings of the past, dinosaurs, and other long-extinct animals co-exist with cavemen, saber-toothed cats, and woolly mammoths. Also, these characters use Stone Age technologies, & their lives resemble the lives of 20th century urban America.

3] Richie Rich: A rich kid named Richie who used to deal with threats to the Rich family, more specifically Richie. Some segments for humor with Dollar and Cadbury. Also, his friends fighting master criminals, aliens, and other threats to the world.

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 4] Baby Looney Toons: Baby versions of Looney tunes characters Bugs, Daffy, Lola, Taz, Sylvester, Tweety, Petunia & Melissa living with granny.

5] Popeye The Sailorman: Guess the intro song’s still embedded in our head. As everyone has heard of Popeye, the sailor who eats spinach and gets stronger. There exists a love triangle among Popeye, Olive, and Bluto. And Bluto’s endless schemes to claim Olive at Popeye’s expense. Popeye holds his near-saintly perseverance in overcoming any obstacle to please Olive, who often renounces Popeye for Bluto.

6] Scooby Doo: Scooby and gang use their intelligence other detective instincts to uncover mysteries that appear to be supernatural initially but later reveal having a person behind all these things thus lending a logic to the situations.

7] The Powerpuff Girls: Probably the first and one of the only TV shows of the time that begun teaching us about feminism. Bubbles, Buttercup, and Blossom were cute little girls who were fierce warriors.

8] The Jungle Book: Movies like ‘The Jungle Book’ & ‘Lion King’ are an extension of this series. Based on the Rudyard Kipling book, here you see how a boy called Mogli grows up in a jungle fighting through the hardships. Despite not being an animal, he grows up with a pack of wolves while doing ridiculous things with Baloo and training with Bagheera.

9] Dragon tales: It is impossible to forget this sentence, those bunch of dragons called always managed to make us smile. Emmy & Max find a magical place called Dragonland where they are transported using magical crystals where they face challenges with dragon Ord, Cassie, Zak, Wheezie & Quetzal.

10] Pokemon: As Ash Ketchum turns 10, he desires to start his journey as a Pokemon trainer with the dream of being a Pokemon master in the long run. But having overslept, he rushes to Professor Oak to realize that the only Pokemon left for him to have is a Pikachu, an electric pokemon. Finally, Ash & Pikachu, embark on their journey together while befriending two travel mates Misty & Brock. Along the journey, they make a lot many both human and pokemon friends. 

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The Sentinel Island (Indian) which is left isolated and prohibited for visit

On the 2nd of August 1981, Primrose named one cargo ship which was travelling between Bangladesh and Australia had crashed on a coral reef in the Bay of Bengal. That ship was in the Andaman (group of islands) archipelago around an island termed as “North Sentinel Island”. Ship was in unmovable condition and ships crew was not able to use their lifeboats because the sea was having high tides and waves. So, they were forced to wait for some days at same area so that they or someone can contact them anyhow. After residing there for few days, one young sailor noticed few peoples approaching near their ship. On the contrary as history tells, they were not coming to help them in any manner. Additionally, they were carrying weapons like spears, bows and arrows. Those peoples were “The Sentinelese” the public of that secret island.

Then the captain of the ship sent out an emergency message quoting “Wild men, estimate more than 50, carrying various homemade weapons are making two or three wooden boats,”. “worrying they will board us at sunset. All crew member’s lives not guaranteed”.  They somehow survived as they were inside the ship and unknown in quantity to peoples of Sentinelese.

A week later, the Indian Navy sent a helicopter to rescue the crew of ship. Surprisingly, this ship named Primrose is still lying at coast and can be found near the North Sentinel Island. And here starts the story and facts behind this island prohibited to visit.

This was an unintentional yet accidental interaction with the Sentinelese. Few more such contacts between those peoples and new age humans had happened until now. Earlier few was peaceful as to understand and grow. However, it has turned in not so peaceful meet and greet in coming of ages.

In November 2018, John Allen chau, an American missionary landed in Port Blair and desired to visit the North Sentinel Island and travel and search around there to know more. But he was dedicated to mission of introducing Christianity to the Peoples of Sentinel Islands. It was a fully planned trip and he had written and learned all the details carefully in his diary.

With the help of some local fisherman, he reached the North Sentinel Island with few gifts like scissors and fishhooks. In the first attempts, the Sentinelese reacted very aggressively, and he had to return back somehow saving himself. He left the island In a hurry and ran like a sprint. Also, at the second attempt, peoples of sentinel island were not in the mood of meeting and reacted violently to the john. Sadly, in the third attempt, John Allen Chau was killed by those peoples. And all the chances and attempts were shattered and also costed a life of human.

 Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a whole region in sea includes more than 300+ small and medium size islands. North, Middle & south Andaman are together called Great Andaman. These are also known as main island of Andaman. This place is crowded with most of the indigenous (native) peoples count. The original inhabitants (citizens) of the Andaman island were called “Andamanese”, who were supposedly first among the groups of peoples migrating outside from Africa Continent.

A research paper on claims that usually, the Andamanese were Hunter-gathers. They are the pre-evolution categories of human’s who does not depend no Agriculture. Instead, they rely on the Fruits, Fish, Honey & turtle eggs. The first ever known and recorded contact with these peoples was back in 1771. When John Ritchie was sent by Britishers to survey and collect info regarding these Islands. There were as many as 5 groups with around 9+ tribes in 1800’s, which has reduced to much extent as one or two are known to be in fruiting state. Rest are extinct or mixed with these tribes.

 The Sentinelese is an isolated tribe of Andaman who are completely isolated and separated from Andamanese and rest of world. The Sentinelese is one of the last tribes in the world which has had very low interaction with the modern Humans and Civilization. The exact figure is impossible to predict but as guesses goes, they would be around 100 to 600 in head counts. We have very little info about them that to from the few interactions we had.

The mention of this specific island was in 1771, when a vessel of the East India Company passed this island and they had noticed few light and sound around the island. All the interactions with these specific tribe we had, one thing we are sure is that they are not very fond of us and they don’t even want to interact with us. Somewhat like they want to be in their place yet undiscoverable to all of us

In 1867, an Indian merchant ship containing 100 passengers and crew were attacked by some peoples. This happened on the 3rd day after they met an accident near the island. These peoples were naked, had short hair, had red painted noses & were making strange sounds. Peoples were saved from there with the help of British India’s Royal Navy.

After this incident, the island remains untouched and not disturbed for almost another 80 years. However, this changed as a film crew wanted to shoot a documentary about the indigenous population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They were using tactics of presenting the gifts like food items, fish and pigs. The crew would drop these gifts at the entrance of these islands and then they would move back & observe if the local peoples invite them. This technique worked with the ONGE & JARAWA tribes.

But the same technique did not work out for Sentinelese peoples. It was believed that they follow isolation and one crew member was injured with the bows attacked by Sentinelese. The arrow was 2.5 metre in approx. However, it is still unknown that why Sentinelese are so aggressive and isolation followers against modern humans.

But there is one theory that claims and blames one person for all these bad interactions and perception about us. The person is reportedly MAURICE VIDAL PORTMAN. Portman was a British officer-in-charge of the Andaman Islands. He was sexually obsessed and attracted towards the Andamanese locals, including the “Sentinelese”. It is said that once he had kidnapped a Sentinelese couple and 4 children, in order to study them. But the couple died because they might not have genetic immunity against some diseases. Portman mentions these details in his own publication “A History of Our Relations with The Andamanese”.

All these interactions might have urged them to not meet and greet the modern human civilization for more than 100+ years. After 1974, Indian Government made many attempts to establish communication with the Sentinelese. Two Anthropologist played a key role in this, TN Pandit & Madhumala Chattopadhyay. Since 1981, TN pandit went towards the North Sentinel Islands several times, carrying gifts. But for almost 10 years he was unable to contact or visualize any presence. Things changed in 1991, when an Indian Govt. expedition project crew spent nearly 30 minutes with the Sentinelese.

 A few week later, TN Pandit who missed the first trip went back to the North Sentinel Island again. But this time luck favoured, and he was successful this time and it gave us the first video footage of the Sentinelese. This depicted that they were using metals and weapons made by metals which may have been made by cracking and moulding the part of primrose ship.

After the 1997, the Indian Govt. refused to carry out more such expeditions and created an imaginary yet geographical defined perimeter around the Island. For now, we have separated us from all connection with Sentinelese. But at the same time, it questions our thinking as why we are not able to greet them. The answer lies in ourselves as still few cases comes where peoples with illegal transportation uses and take benefits of tribal peoples in all the group of Island in the exchange of mere things like basic facilities. This exchange includes Alcohol and food items and such things. We have progressed but some people still are same as pre-evolution period which affects the relation among us badly.

This information is collectively not present but still it has internet source for distinct proofs. More info and deep discussion can be found on the YouTube channel “soch by mohak mangal”, in which he elaborates the tribal connection and interaction of humans with different tribes of Andamanese.

Indian Art Style

• Rajasthani miniature art

Rajasthan is one of the pioneer seats of miniature painting in India. Rajput painting, also known as Rajasthani painting, is a style of Indian painting evolved and flourished in the royal courts of Rajputana, India. Each Rajput kingdom evolved a distinct style but with certain common features. Rajput paintings depict a number of themes, events of epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, Krishna’s life, beautiful landscapes and humans.

Miniatures in manuscripts or single sheets to be kept in albums were the preferred medium of Rajput painting but many paintings were done on the walls of palaces, inner chambers of the forts, havelis, particularly the havelis of Shekhawati, the forts and palaces built by Shekhawat Rajputs. The colours were extracted from certain minerals, plant sources and conch shells and were even derived by processing precious stones. Gold and silver were also used. The preparation of desired colours was a lengthy process, sometimes taking weeks. The brushes used were very fine.

• Pattachitra

‘Pattachitra’ is a general term for traditional, cloth based scroll painting based in the eastern Indian state of Odisha. In the Sanskrit language, ‘patta’ literally means ‘cloth’ and ‘chitra’ means ‘ picture’. The pattachitra style of painting is one of the oldest and most popular art forms of Odisha.

All colours used in the paintings are natural and the paintings are made fully in the old traditional way by chitrakaras who are Oriya painters. Pattachitra is manifested by a rich colourful application, creative motifs and designs and portrayal of simple themes mostly mythological in depiction. The traditions of pattachitra paintings are more than a 1000 years old. Pattachitra paintings resemble the old murals of Odisha, especially those from the religious centres of Puri, Konark and Bhubaneswar regions, dating back to the 5th century BC. The best works are found in and around Puri, especially in the village of Raghurajpur. The theme of Oriya painting centers round the Jagannath cult and the Vaishnava cult. Since the beginning of pattachitra culture, Lord Jagannath, who is an incarnation of Lord Krishna, has been the major source of inspiration. In the 16th century, with the emergence of the Bhakti movement, the paintings of Radha and Krishna were painted in vibrant shades of orange, red and yellow. There are typical scenes and figures like Krishna, Gopi’s, elephants, trees and other creatures portrayed in these paintings. Krishna is always painted in blue and Gopis in light pink, purple or brown.

Thank you for reading. Have a nice day!🌼

Indian Folk Art

• Warli paintings

Warlis or Varlis are an indigenous tribes or adivasis living in the mountainous as well as coastal areas on the Maharastra-Gujarat border and surrounding areas. They have their own animistic beliefs, life, customs and traditions. As a result of acculturation, they have adopted many Hindu beliefs. Their extremely rudimentary Wall paintings use a very basic graphic vocabulary a circle, or triangle and a square. Their paintings were monosyllabic. The circle and the triangle come from the observation of nature, the circle representing the sun and the moon, the triangle derived from mountains and pointed trees. Only the square seems to be a different logic and seems to be a human invention, indicating a sacred enclosure or a piece of land.

The ritual paintings are usually done inside their huts. The walls are made of a mixture of branches, earth and cow dung making a red ochre background for wall paintings. Warlis use only white in their paintings. The white pigment used by them is a mixture of rice paste and water with gum as a binding. As the brush, they use a bamboo stick chewed at the end to make it as supple as a paintbrush. The wall paintings are done only on special occasions such as weddings or harvests. Warli art is the cultural intellectual property of the tribal community. Today, there is an urgent need for preserving this traditional knowledge in tribal communities across the globe. Now, Warli painting is registered with a geographical indication under the intellectual property rights act. With the use of technology and the concept of social entrepreneurship, tribals established the Warli Art Foundation, a non-profit company dedicated to Warli art and related activities.

• Cave paintings in India

Almost all early painting in India survives in caves, as very few buildings from ancient India survive. The history of cave paintings in India or rock art range from drawings and paintings from prehistoric times – beginning around 30000 BCE in the caves of Central India, typified by those at the Bhimbetka rock shelters – to elaborate frescoes at sites such as the rock cut artificial caves at Ajanta and Ellora, prevalent as late as the 8th – 10th century CE. The frescoes of Ajanta are paintings in the Ajanta caves, which are situated near Aurangabad in Maharashtra. The caves are carved out of large rocks. Inside many of the caves are frescoes. Frescoes are paintings which are done on wet plaster in which colours become fixed on the walls and ceilings at Ajanta.

The paintings reflect different phases of Indian culture from Jain tirthankar Mahaveer’s birth to his Nirvana in the 8th century AD. The frescoes have degraded slightly due to the effect of flash photography. Photography here is not banned. The paintings depict themes of court life, feasting, processions, men and women at work, festivals and various natural scenes including animals and birds and flowers. The artists used shading to give a three-dimensional effect.

Similarly, beautiful frescoes have been found at the Bagh caves, 150 km away to the North of Ajanta. Though the themes in these paintings are both secular and religious, they do depict some aspects of Buddhist life and rituals. One of the most famous paintings show a procession of elephants. Another depicts a dancer and women musicians. These have been influenced by the Ajanta style of painting. These frescoes show a strong resemblance to the frescoes of Sigriya in Sri Lanka.

Thank you for reading. Have a nice day!🌼

Smoking: A Harmful Habit

Undoubtedly the worse & harmful habit, as it’s injurious to one’s health. This evil habit generally takes a toll during adolescence or while passing out school or prime stage of college life. Peer pressure may be one of the key reasons to get habituated. But this harmful indulgence in smoking makes one cigarette addict. And this becomes really difficult to get over this habit. Sometimes people start smoking in order to imitate his favourite heroes who smoke on the TV screen. On the cigarette packet, cigarette companies issue the warning — ‘Cigarette smoking is injurious to health’. Yet the proneness to smoking is on the rise at an alarming state. 

 Sometimes smokers have so many please in favour of smoking. Some say without smoking they suffer constipation & prolonged tension & worries of modern life. But these are only lane excuses on their part of the part of drug addicts. 

 Constant or a habitual smoker runs the risk of suffering from some very acute & dangerous diseases & ailments. These are lung cancer, throat cancer, tuberculosis, asthma & high blood pressure. Heart diseases & respiratory troubles & ailments result in stroke or paralysis in the advanced stage or later life. Most smokers suffer from the bad throat, weak lungs & persistent cough & respiratory troubles throughout the year, particularly in the Rainy or Winter season. Moreover, direct smoking gives rise to passive smokers all around them. These passive smokers are compelled to suffer the evil habit of direct smokers, even against their will. 

 When you smoke your family suffers. As cigarettes are growing costlier gradually, it leads to heavy drainage of the hard-earned money of the smoker. Strict laws should be imposed on smoking in public, in offices, vehicles, streets, movie theatres, and in presence of children, family members & evening presence of those who dislike this evil habit. Smokers should be socially boycotted when all other possible ways to persuade go in vain them to abstain from this bad habit. The use of tobacco may be channelized into other sorts of financial pursuits like making insecticides & other things helpful to mankind rather than in making cigarettes & bidis. 

Graphic design

Graphic design is the process of visual communication and problem solving through the use of type, space and image. The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design but sometimes the term ‘graphic design’ is used interchangeably with these due to overlapping skills involved. Graphic designers use various methods to create and combine words, symbols and images to create a visual arts and page layout techniques to produce a final result. Graphic design often refers to both the process (designing) by which the communication is created and the products (design) which are generated. Common uses of graphic design include identity, publications, print advertisements, posters, billboards, website graphics and elements, signs and product packaging. For example a product package might include a logo for other artwork organised text and pure design elements sketches images shapes and colour which unified the piece. Composition is one of the most important features of graphic design specially when using pre existing materials or diverse elements.

•Skills

A graphic design project me in work to stylisation and presentation of existing text and either pre existing imagery or images developed by the graphic designer. Artistic pieces can be incorporated in both traditional and digital forms which involves the use of visual arts typography and page layout techniques for publications and marketing for example a newspaper story begins with the journalist and photo journalist and then becomes the graphic designer job to organise the page into a reasonable layout and determine if any other graphic element should be required. In a magazine article or advertisement often the graphic designer or art director will commission photographers or illustrators to create original pieces just to be incorporated into the design layout or the designer may utilise stock imagery or photography. Contemporary design practice has been extended to the modern computer. Nearly all popular and ‘industry standard’ software programs used for graphic design since the early 1990’s are products of Adobe systems incorporated. They are Adobe Photoshop (a raster based program for photo editing), Adobe illustrator (a vector based program for drawing), Adobe InDesign ( a page layout program) and Adobe Dreamweaver (for webpage design).

Another major page layout tool is QuarkXPress (a product of Quark Inc. a separate company from Adobe). Both QuarkXPress and Adobe InDesign are often used in the final stage of the electronic design process. Raster images maybe edited in Adobe Photoshop, logos and illustrations in Adobe illustrator and the final product may be assembled in one of the major page layout programs. Most graphic designers entering the field since 1990 are expected to be proficient in at least one or two of these programs.

my work

Another one

•Occupation

Graphic design career paths cover all ends of the creative spectrum and often overlap. Employment within graphic design in walls workers performing specialised tasks such as design services publishing advertising and public relations. The main job responsibility of a graphic designer is the arrangement of visual elements in some type of media. The main job titles within the industry can vary and are often country specific. They can include graphic designer, are director, creative director former animator and the entry level production artist. Depending on the industry served commerce responsibilities may have different titles such as DTP associate and graphic artist But despite changes in the title graphic design principles remain consistent who start the responsibilities may come from early to specialised skills such as illustrations photography animation or interactive design. Today’s graduate in graphic design students are normally exposed to all these areas of graphic design and I guided to become familiar with all of them as well in order to be competitive. Graphic designers will face strong competition when applying for positions for organizations look for candidates with convincing talents and college level education post of field requirements consist of having strong portfolio and bachelors degree first of graphic designers can work in a variety of environments while many will work in companies devoted specifically to the industry such as design consultancies or branding agencies, others may work in publishing, marketing for other communication companies. Increasingly, special sense the introduction of personal computers to the industry commerce many graphic designers have found themselves working in non design oriented organizations as in house designers. Graphic designers may also work as freelance designers, working on their own terms, prices, ideas etc. A graphic designer reports to the art director, creative director or senior media creative. As a designer becomes more senior, he/she may spend less time designing media and more time leading and directing other designers on broader creative activities such as brand development and corporate identity development. Senior designers are often expected to interact more directly with clients, for example taking and interpreting briefs.

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Development & Displacement

Development is the slogan of the day not only in developed countries but also for the developing countries of the world now. All governmental & state organizations are now rushing for introducing & installing industries, better roads, long fly-overs & many other civilized requisites.
But proper lands are required to execute & materialize these means & ways of development. These cannot be grown in the sky. So lands are acquired to start industries, erect stalls, or make high roads & flyovers.
On many occasions, this development is executed by acquiring fertile lands of the poor farmer or the lands where many houses & homelands had been built & human habitations are displaced from their age-old shelters & professions with penury and starvation staring at them.
Thoughtless destruction of forests in Kalahandi in Orrisa & plundering them for the sake of development displaced the local inhabitants, deprived them of their livelihood, and put them to starvation, hunger & ultimate migration. The construction of the Narmada dam to provide irrigation to dry areas of Gujrat, Madhya Pradesh & Maharashtra has rendered many thousands of the local people homeless without their consent and proper compensation.  

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Displacement in the name of development may sometimes be needed. Displacement is worse and undesirable. The former is the narrow way to progress, but the latter is certainly a broad road to death. There must be a balance between development and its resulting displacement. It may be done by proper preplanning and proper rehabilitation of the displacement. The potential risks of displacement involve landlessness, joblessness, homelessness, marginalization, food insecurity, increased morbidity and mortality, loss of access to common property
   This is a social problem affecting multiple levels of human organization, from tribal and village communities to well-developed urban areas. The main potential risks of displacement, landlessness, joblessness, homelessness, marginalization, food insecurity, increased morbidity and mortality & loss of access to common property. 

A pandemic to forget, but learnings to remember forever

Future generations deserve to be in the best position possible to deal with the next inevitable pandemic. This preparation includes regular reminders about what happened in 2020.

Government agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization seemingly have the power to capture the public’s attention. Yet even well-intentioned agencies can become manipulated for other purposes. Among the reminders to keep alive is that these institutions must be guarded from corruption, and the prospect of defunding or reorganizing them cannot be taken lightly.

In 1924 Encyclopædia Britannica published a two-volume history of the 20th century thus far. More than 80 authors—professors and politicians, soldiers and scientists—contributed chapters to These Eventful Years: The Twentieth Century in the Making as Told by Many of Its Makers. But the book’s sprawling 1,300 pages never mention the catastrophic influenza pandemic that had killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide only five years earlier. And many history textbooks in subsequent decades just note the 1918–1919 flu pandemic as an aside when discussing World War I, if at all.

Photographs, too, could help to build a collective memory of COVID-19. Psychological research has consistently shown that humans’ visual memory is much stronger than our recollection of words or abstract ideas. Thus, widely distributed images can form the backbone of a collective memory, Roediger says.

History is filled with such iconic imagery: American troops raising the flag on Iwo Jima; the Twin Towers collapsing on 9/11; Colin Kaepernick kneeling during the national anthem. But “the cameras tend to stop at the door of the sick room or of the hospital,” Spinney notes. “We tend to not go into that space.” Few images show the dramatic symptoms, such as a blue face and bleeding from the ears, suffered by many who contracted the 1918 flu. Similarly, striking photographs that could reinforce collective memory are scarce in today’s news reports of hospitals running over capacity, shortages of personal protective equipment and high death tolls in nursing homes.

To conclude, people who have been forced to live a life that they did not want are in many ways forgotten today. While everyone deals with their own problems and every country tries to protect its own citizens, vulnerable groups such as refugees remain marginalised. No matter what the conditions are around the world, these people must always be supported and kept in mind in order for humanity to win.

we should demonstrate our value and contribution every day, helping to motivate and unify our staff and working with leadership to drive our organizations forward. We will need to fight harder and be more creative in order to sustain interest and engagement once there is less focus on coronavirus and a return to more normal subject matter.  It is essential we do not consign the handling of the coronavirus to the status of a mere case study.

At last, as tagline suggests, we all each and every human in the world would like to forget and get over this COVID-19 as the bygones. Just as we tell ourselves after a bad day to start afresh again. However, this hit is so deep and impactful that, generations will feel affected in one way or another manner.

World Tourism Day 2020: Embrace the journey

When the virus put a break on life, a new world of sensations opened up. Trips were not stopped even during the period of house arrest. Disturbed and hurt in the constant war with the virus, the mind is in no hurry to reach anywhere. 

Sometimes on foot, sometimes on a bicycle, sometimes in the car, this phase of meeting with loved ones is as if the car of life has gone too far in the ‘back gear’. The road has become a favourite companion, so it is relaxing to get in the lap of nature. This stagnation is good for the life journey ahead in the ‘new normal’, where people who have become spiritual amidst the fatigue of pandemic, are meeting themselves among nature …

‘Silent, quiet and mysterious. A deep blue-green lake, a sky with matching colours and an endless horizon with huge mountains. In such an environment, why not leave the mind towards a world where there is the only relaxation. After getting into such an environment, things start to clear and only we as our companion. The coronavirus abruptly changes the mood, it often becomes spiritual.

There is life at the moment and you are not there at the moment. Therefore, the lap of nature gives relief to them, who am I after all? What is the purpose of this life? Such questions prepare the mind to struggle with reality again. People travelled regularly, at which the pandemic suddenly put brakes. But after unlock, travel has got a new meaning or expansion. People want to eradicate the bad experiences of a pandemic from it. After all, the mind is an ardent traveller.

It also travelled the country and the world during the time when it was to follow the strict rules of lockdown. Internet support was there. Enjoying virtual travel, mind got comfort. The coronavirus has not only adversely affected the travel industry but has also seen major changes. After the unlock, that is, now after the lockdown, after the opening of the closed life, the new trend ‘Revenge Travel’ should be started. Revenge means, after being closed for several months, people not only started going out of the house in response to it, but they are also enjoying it a lot.

Almost everyone breathed a sigh of relief after unlocking. But it is a big relief for those strollers, for whom travel is like medicine in the running life. 

‘New normal’ has made safety and hygiene i.e. cleanliness a major part of life and travel. People make travel plans of their choice and enjoy it. Road trips are getting a lot of priority. It can be said that road trip has joined travel in a new form during the pandemic, in which safety regulations are taken care of and now this travel will also become an important part.

Getting out of the car with acquaintances and getting out in a nearby area is becoming a major trend of travel today. It has more number of people who are working and is giving preference to booking in the surrounding areas, especially in the hilly areas, but there are also safety rules taken care of. Full help of technology is also being taken like MakeMyTrip has created an app for this which helps to ensure the journey only after mask and social distancing.

Right now people are preferring short distance travel. It is within a distance of about 300 kilometres. However, during the pandemic, it was seen that people also made long-distance trips during road trips. These were the people who left for the family home states. Now people are mostly choosing the places for peace of mind that can give them relief from the fatigue and stress caused by the pandemic. People are opting for the places like Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan as well as Goa.

Every year ‘Tourism Day’ has a different theme. The tourism theme of this time is (Tourism and Rural Development). This is to provide employment to youth and people in rural areas. Tourism provides employment to many people. The cultural heritage of any country is also encouraged by tourism.

Painting techniques

Techniques in watercolour paintings

#Washes

The most basic watercolour technique is the flat wash. It is reduced by first wetting the area of paper to be covered by the wash, then mixing sufficient pigment to easily fill the entire area. The pigment is applied to a sloping surface in slightly overlapping horizontal bands from the top down. Once complete, the wash should be left to dry and even itself out. Don’t be tempted to work back into a drawing wash, the results are usually disastrous! A variation on the basic wash is the graded wash. This technique requires the pigment to be diluted slightly with more water for each horizontal stroke. The result is a wash that fades out gradually and evenly.

#Glazing

Glazing is a similar watercolour technique Do a wash, but uses a thin, transparent pigment applied over dry existing washes. Its purpose is to adjust the colour and tone of the underlying wash. Non-staining, transparent pigments such as Rose Madder (or Permanent Rose), Cobalt Blue and or Auroline are ideal for glazing as they can be applied layer after led to achieve the desired effect. Be sure each layer is thoroughly dry before applying the next.

#Dropping in colour

This technique is simply the process of introducing a colour to a wet region of the painting and allowing it to blend bleed and feather without interruption. The result is sometimes and predictable but yields interesting and vibrant colour gradations That can’t be achieved by mixing the pigment on the palette.

#Wet-on-wet

Wet-on-wet is simply the process of applying pigment to wait paper. The results very from soft undefined shapes to slightly blurred marks, depending on how wet the paper is. The wet-on-wet technique can be applied over existing washes provided they are thoroughly dry. Simply wet the paper with the large brush and paint into the dampness. The soft marks made by painting wet in wet agreed for subtle background regions of your painting.

#Dry brush

Dry brush is almost the opposite watercolour technique to wet in wet. Here a brush loaded with pigment (and not too much water) is dragged over completely dry paper. The marks produced by this technique are very crisp and hard-edged. They will tend to come forward in your painting and so are best applied around the centre of interest.

#Lifting off

Most water colour pigments can be resolved and lifted off after they have dried. Staining colours such as Phthalo or Prussian blue, Alizarin, Windsor red, yellow or blue are difficult to remove and are best avoided for this technique. The process for lifting of his simple – wet the area to be removed with a brush and clean water, then blot the pigment away with attached. Using strips of paper to mask areas of pigment will produce interesting hard-edged lines and shapes.

This is one of my watercolour paintings. I love experimenting with the medium.

Techniques in other kinds of painting

paints

As the name implies, pigments are already mixed with oil (usually linseed) in the tube, which makes for slow drying and easier blending. Clean up with turps or preferably and odourless solvent. Can be used straight from the tube (impasto) or thinly for underpainting or glazing. Usually used over canvas or board prepared with an acrylic or gas so undercoat. Retouch varnish may be used to even out the shine when finished. All other vanishes should not be applied until the paint has cured (around 6 months). Oils pretty much maintain their mixed colour once drive for, unlike water based paints which tend to dry darker or lighter than when wet.

#Poster colours

Poster colours contain a binder which remains water soluble when dry. Pigments used are generally of a courser quality than water colours and are therefore more opaque, specially pastel shades which are achieved by mixes that include white. Can be wetted again for further blending. Framing is usually as for water colours.

#Pastels

Here the pigments have been moulded into sticks using distilled water and a minimum of binders. Some are wrapped in waxed paper to prevent breakage. They come in square and round sticks and in pencil form full stock usually used on tinted pestle paper which has a texture (or ‘tooth’) to hold the dry granules of pigment. Spray fixatives prevent rubbing, button to dark in the pestle work. Framing is behind glass with the mat board to prevent the work from touching the glass.

#Acrylic painting

Painting executed in the medium of synthetic acrylic resins. Acrylics dry rapidly, serve as a vehicle for any kind of pigment, and are capable of giving both the transparent brilliance of watercolour and the density of oil paint. They are considered to be less affected by heat and other destructive forces than is oil paint. They found favour among artists who were concerned about the health risks posed by the handling of oil paints and the inhalation of fumes associated with them. Because of all these desirable characteristics, acrylic paints became immediately popular with artists when they were first commercially promoted in the 1960s.

This is one of my acrylic paintings.

#Tempera painting

Painting executed with pigment ground in a water-miscible medium. The word tempera originally came from the word temper, which means ‘to bring to a desired consistency’. Dry pigments are made usable by ‘tempering’ them with a binding and adhesive vehicle. Such painting was distinguished from fresco painting, the colours for which contained no binder.

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Anniversaries (as of 2020)

•75th anniversary of end of World War 2 (1st September 1939 – 2nd September 1945 )

It involved vast majority of the world’s countries forming two different military forces – the Allies and the Axis. The Allied won causing the fall of Nazi Germany and also death of Hitler. It was the deadliest war in world history.

•100th birth anniversary of Isaac Asimov

Isaac Asimov was an American author and a professor of biochemistry at Boston University. Born on 2nd January, 1920 in Petrovichi, Russia. He was well known globally for his science fiction works including ‘I, Robot’, ‘Caves of steel’, ‘End of eternity’ etc. Some of his stories have been made into movies.

• 200th birth anniversary of Anne Bronte

Anne Bronte was an English novelist and poet and the youngest of the famous Bronte sisters. She was born on 17th January, 1820 in Thornton, UK. Some of her works include ‘The tenant of Wildfell hall’ and ‘Agnes Grey’.

•500th death anniversary of Italian artist Raphael

One of the Renaissance period painters, Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino was born on 6th April, 1483 and died on 6th April, 1520. St. Peter’s Basilica is one of his works. His notable artworks include ‘The school of Athens’, ‘The Sistine Madonna’ , ‘The marriage of the virgin’ etc.

•250th birth William Wordsworth

The very famous poem, ‘I wandered lonely as a cloud’ poet William Wordsworth was born on 7th April, 1770 in Cockermouth, UK. He was an English Romantic poet.

•200th birth Florence nightingale

The English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing was born on 12th May, 1820 in Florence, Italy. She worked hard and determined as a nurse and earned the title ‘Lady with the Lamp’.

•150th death anniversary Charles Dickens

•250th birth anniversary of Ludwig van Beethoven

He was a German composer and pianist whose music ranks amongst the most performed classical music. Till date he remains the most admired composers in the history of western music. He was born in December 1770, Bonn, Germany.

•Breakfast club is 35 now.

1985 The 1985 comedy and drama movie that has been a teenagers must watch since it’s release in 1985.

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Evolution

When you think of evolution the first name that comes to one’s mind is that of Charles Darwin. However, the fact is that he was not the first person to put forward the idea of evolution. Lamarck had suggested it earlier but the concept was not popular. In fact zoology professor Robert Grant lost his job because he supported Lamarck theory! An anonymous work titled, ‘The Vestiges of creation’ was ridiculed. It was Charles Darwin who first made the theory acceptable and he was able to do so because he supported it with a huge amount of evidence. Darwin, an English naturalist put forward his theory in a book titled ‘On the origin of the species’. He established that all species descended from common ancestors and that the different species evolved through a process he called natural selection. Darwin’s theory gained acceptance because it was able to explain the diversity of life.


Ramapithecus belongs to an extent group of primates that lived from about 12 to 14 million years ago. Fossils of Ramapithecus were discovered in India and Africa beginning in 1932. Fossil evidence suggested that it had a short face, heavy jaws and enamelled teeth like hominids. Its importance lies in the fact that it was regarded as a possible ancestor of Australopithecus and therefore of modern humans. Later for sale finds indicated that Ramapithecus was more closely related to the orangutan and Ramapithecus is now regarded by many as a member of a group known as Sivapithecus.


It has been long known that humans share a common ancestor with apes but it was only in the last 30 years that techniques for develop to provide strong evidence in support of the theory that humans are more closely related to chimpanzees than they are to gorillas orangutans or Gibbons. The DNA of a chimpanzee is 98% identical to that of a human being. However our bodies adapted for walking on 2 legs. This is possible because the lower portion of the human body evolved to facilitate load bearing and balancing while walking upright. Chimpanzees not only share most of our genes they seem to be able to handle tools and they are able to grasp language pretty well too. Now researchers have found that we share a similar brain pattern when communicating. But in spite of these similarities there are clear differences in body structure intellect and behaviour.


Australopithecus was an early hominid which is now extinct. Fossil evidence suggests that these individuals lived from approximately 4- 2 million years ago after evolving on the continent of Africa. Sense the fossils were recovered from south Africa they were called south African man apes or australopithecines. Australopithecines are believed to have been around 1 to 1.5 metre tall and probably fed on leaves fruits and the remaining of dead animals. Their brains were larger than those of apes but smaller than human brains while their teeth would like human teeth it is believed that Australopithecus eventually evolved into modern humans.


Neanderthal man first appeared in Africa about 200,000 years ago and migrated to the rest of the world around 100,000 years ago. The name Neanderthal comes from Neander valley where an early skull was found. Neanderthals would different from other species of early man. They were much taller and very strong for stop the brains were actually larger than ours are today. They were marvellous hunters. They often used caves as their homes. They were adept at fire making and probably cooked their food routinely. Neanderthals buried their dead. The Neanderthals died out by around 30,000 BC.
Cro-Magnon man lived some 40,000 -10,000 years ago. Their remains were first found in France in 1868 and then throughout other parts of Europe.

Cro-Magnon man was anatomically identical to modern humans and deferred significantly from Neanderthal man who disappeared in the fossil record shortly after Cro-Magnons appearance. Cromagnon man was tall and had an erect posture. He had a prominent chin a surprising forehead and skull shaped like hours. These man was killed hunters toolmakers and artists. Cro-Magnon man was a true human and looked just like us. He is represented by the remains of 5 individuals found in March 18683 adult males one adult female and one child.


•First family.
In 1975 Donald Johansson discovered the remains of at least 13 individuals of all ages at her there in Ethiopia. The sizes of the specimens varied greatly and Johansson believed that they all belong to a single species Australopithecus afarensis in which men were much larger than the females.

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