Illiteracy is one of the biggest problems in India. Gone are the days when the basic needs were referred to ROTI,KAPDA AND MAKAAN. There is an addition to it. Now it stands for ROTI,KAPDA,MAKAAN,EDUCATION AND HEALTH.  Lack of qualified education and basic knowledge has resulted in a lack of economic growth. Education is very important for an individual’s mental as well as physical growth. For a country to have a productive Human capital it is important that they are well educated and literate. It is because of the lack of education that poverty exists. The crimes increase because people do not have a living and also a sense of rational thinking. Moreover if we compare the illiteracy rate of women is much higher than men because there are still people who do not believe to educate their girls. The infrastructure for education is also not well developed. The quality of education of a public education varies too much from a private school. And it is the reason that private schools are costlier and not all can afford to go there.

There are several reasons for illiteracy in India. Some of these are :

Less educated parents – There are times when the parents are not so educated and they also lack the knowledge as to why education has such an important role .Therefore leading to less education of their children too.

Lack of Infrastructure – The educational infrastructure is still not developed as the way it should have post so many years of Independence. Due to which there are still people who can not access education. It is the duty of the government to reach out to the most vulnerable sections of the society.

Poverty- This is the root cause of Illiteracy .There are still people who do not have access to proper food, shelter and clothing . They can not afford to even send their children to school and are forced to put them to work may be in the farming activities or any other form of work they are in.

Population – The rapid increase in population also plays a role in the increasing rate of Illiteracy. The resources are scarce and the users are in great numbers . The poor people think that if they have more number of children and send their children to work they will earn more living and so instead of education they force them to work.

Corruption – The red tapism and corruption have led to this condition. The funds provided for deducation are often misleaded and and are used for filling the pockets of the officials.

Brain Drain- The educated people in India often take a decision to settle abroad or find a job there because they do not get their favorable job in India. They feel their talent is under utilized and thus they move abroad leading to brain drain in the country.

Backward thinking – The gender biasness still exist in the society . They believe that the education of girls is not so important and so they only send their boys to school further leading to imbalance of education ratio between girls and boys.

Finally for a country to grow and prosper it is really important that it’s citizens are educated enough to contribute to the society. The launching of policies alone will not work what is important is it implementation and effectiveness. There is a lack of awareness among people. It is high time that education reaches to the remote areas as well as the big cities equally and adequately. It is that even after so many years of independence India is still lacking behind in providing education to its countrymen.

Bhagat Singh was an Indian socialist activist who at 23 years of age made him a hero of the Indian independence movement by two acts of dramatic violence against British citizens in India and his executions.

For some time, Singh had been using the power of drama as a way to encourage the rebellion against the British, purchasing a magic lantern to display slides that enlivened his talks about revolutionaries such as Ram Prasad Bismil who had died as a result of the Kakori conspiracy. In 1929, he suggested a dramatic act to the HSRA intended to obtain significant attention for their aims. His intention was to blow a bomb inside the Central Legislative Assembly, inspired by Auguste Vaillant, a French anarchist who bombed the Chamber of Deputies of Paris. The nominal aim was to denounce the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Differential Act, which were defeated by the Assembly but passed by the Viceroy with its special power; it was actually the intention of the perpetrators for prosecution and release to use court appearances.

The leaders of the HSRA initially opposed Bhagat ‘s participation in the bombing because they knew that his previous participation in the shooting of the Saunders meant he would be executed in the end. But ultimately they agreed he was their most fitting choice. Together with Batukeshwar Dutt, Singh hurled two bombs from his gallery during his meeting in the Assembly Chamber on 8 April 1929. The explosives were not intended to kill but some members of the Viceroy Executive Council were wounded, including George Ernest Schuster. The bombs filled the House with smoke, so that Singh and Dutt could well have eschewed uncertainty if they had wanted to. The slogan “Inquilab Zindabad!” instead remained screaming and hurled flyers. Both men had been arrested and later transferred to a number of prisons in Delhi.

“Public condemnation of this terrorist activity was unambiguous,” according to Neeti Nair, associate Professor of History. Again, Gandhi issued strong words of condemnation for his actions. The imprisoned Bhagat was, however, claimed to have been exhilarated and was referred to as “drama” during the ensuing litigation. Finally, Singh and Dutt replied in writing the Bomb Statement of the Assembly to the criticism:   Over and beyond terms, we keep human life sacred. Neither are we perpetrators of the nauseous outrage nor are we ‘lunatics’ as the Lahore tribune and some others would have it believed that force is morally unjustifiable if it is actively applied, but it does have a moral justification if used to promote a valid cause.

After a preliminary hearing in May the trial started in the first week of June. On 12 June, the two men were sentenced to life imprisonment for: “causing unlawful, malicious explosions that might endanger their lives.” Dutt was defended by Asaf Ali, though Singh stood up. The credibility of the evidence given during the trial was challenged. The electronic gun Singh was carrying when he was arrested was an significant difference. Some witnesses said that he had shot two or three times while the police sergeant who arrested him testified that the weapon was pointing downwards when he picked it up. Accruity witnesses had been coached, their findings wrong, and Singh had handed over the pistol himself according to an article in the India Law Journal. A life sentence was awarded to Singh.

The HSRA set up the Lahore and Saharanpur bombing factories in 1929. The Lahore bombing plant was discovered by the police on 15 April 1929 and other HSRA members, such as Sukhdev, Kishori Lal, and Jai Gopal, were arrested. Shortly afterwards, the Saharanpur factory was also raided and some conspirators were informed. The police could link the three streams from the killings, the assembling bombing, and the bombing industry with the new information available. The killers of Saunders accused Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru, and 21 others.

The importance of Career in today’s era is one of the most important thing a person should have in his life. A life without a set objective is almost worthless because then you become unproductive and contribute nothing to the society as well as to your own soul. Everybody should have career objective because that leads a growth of an individual. It enhances their skills and personality and help them to become a better person.

Just like charity begins at home, the education that one must be career oriented starts from the home of a child or the upbringing and background they come from . The another major role is of the schools they have studied from . A school plays a major part in the development of a student . It is there you learn how to talk ,express and stand firmly on your point of views. The stage fear can be adressed if you have a school that notices it and helps you cope with it. There are parents who at their times could not study in maybe an English medium school but they promise themselves that their child would get the best education and they are ready to work hard for it as much as required. But why , why do these parents know the importance of good education ? Because when they look back at life they have regrets and they don’t want that when their child grows up and looks back at life he has to regret anything, rather they want that all he can see is achievements.

In our India parents are already over enthusiastic when a child is born – They are already ready with their set of goals for their children. He will be an Engineer or She will be a Doctor is what they already declare. But, however , these things are gradually changing by time . Now there are a a lot of parents who support their children in which ever field they want to go to and that is what is IMPORTANT . When a child has supporting parents his life becomes easy. Careers can be in any field .Many aspire to becomes Coreographers, Singers, An Entrepreneur, An Engineer, A doctor, Musician ,A Doctorate etc. Today careers can be in any form. There are youtubers and Fashion bloggers that are earning lakhs of money just because they have the dedication as well as skills towards their interests.

A male should be career oriented because he is also expected to play certain roles in the society. As a son he is expected to earn for the family when his father retires. As a husband he needs to provide his wife a good lifestyle. As a father he needs to be a role model for his child. And as an individual he needs to has to fulfill his social needs. He needs to fulfill his self esteem needs as well his self actualization needs, He needs to feel accomplished.

The importance of being career oriented is major in a Women’s life. Especially in this world today . NO WOMAN SHOULD BE DEPENDENT ON ANYBODY. It is very important that a woman is Independent because it is not like earlier as it was that women will marry men and thus their life is secured. And it should not even be like that . This myth has to be changed . Why does a Woman need a Man for her financial security when she can be financially secured herself. And all the parents out there should educate their girls equally as they educate their boys. There are many parents who support their girls to study hard and achieve their goals and these girls are really lucky to have this oppurtunity because this society still has back school parents who believe girls have to marry one day so why spend? There are a lot of cases today where the husband and wives are separated due to xyz reason . What after that ? If a woman is not educated or has a job or is independent how will she survive in this society who will not let her live peacefully and is always ready to taunt a woman ?Even if the husband and wife lives together, if a woman is expected to contribute in all the ways with her husband she should also be expected to contribute financially. That reduces the burden on one person and brings peace in the family.

Therefore, to complete the purpose of life one should be career oriented. Nothing is impossible. Let’s replace the word CAN I TO I CAN. Your career growth depends on your Hardwork, sacrifice and repetition.you know everything is there is nothing special in that- Kishan Peddulwar

We all face this question everyday in some or the either way. Many times we get stuck and are not able to decide which one to choose. Whether to give more importance to ethics and morals and follow idealism or to give more importance to practicality, pros and cons and personal benefits and follow realism. Many you will say that we should consider the importance of morals and ethics. We should consider the almighty and his supremacy and many of you will also say that in today’s era one should emphasis on one’s personal benefits and practicality. I alone cannot change the world. Nothing will happen if I follow morals every person is only seeking his or her own benefits.

The most important thing which effects our decision making is our mindset and priorities. In oral and in speeches we may give long lectures on idealism but when it comes to personal interest, all morals and principles are kept aside. The most common example is use of Air conditioners. You have seen many people giving speeches on depletion of ozone layer and CFCs but they themselves have ACs in every room. We all promote the use of public transport instead of personal transport but many of us work hard and take loans at high interests to buy a car and show off in society. We have to change this mentality and our hypocrite nature. Until and unless we don’t unite nothing productive is going to happen.

At the end i will conclude that if your realism is not violating any ethics and morals and you did not have intensions of making any false act then your realism is acceptable and if your idealism is not affecting to you severely then your idealism is also accepted because feeding others without having food for yourself is an act of complete foolishness.

Odisha (formerly Orissa) is one of the 29 states of India, located in the eastern coast. It is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the north-east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to the south and south-west. Odia (formerly known as Oriya) is the official and most widely spoken language, spoken by 33.2 million according to the 2001 Census.The modern state of Odisha was established on 1 April 1936, as a province in British India, and consisted predominantly of Odia-speaking regions.April 1 is celebrated as Odisha Day.

Odisha has a chequered history of successive rules of different dynasties and assimilation and synthesization of the best of Buddhist, Jain, and Hindu cultures and also Mahima Cult. Odisha in the past has been known as Odra, Utkala, Kalinga, Tosala, or Tosali and Kosala. The name “odisha” derived its name from tribal community inhabited the place in ancient times called “odra” who worshipped the sun god.

The mention of Odisha (Orissa) dates back to 260 BC, the reign of Emperor Ashoka. While spreading the boundaries of his kingdom, the emperor reached the gates of the then Kalinga and invoked its king to fight or flee. In the absence of her father, the princess of the state took reins and fought bravely with the emperor. The war was a true massacre and the bloodshed that took place moved the emperor so much that his killing instinct was capsized. A warrior was thence transformed into a great apostle of Buddhism. Buddhism followed by Jainism held sway until after the reassertion of Hinduism in the state in 7th century AD.The Orissan culture and architecture flourished immensely under the rein of Keshari and Ganga Kings at Odisha (Orissa). A number of masterpieces of that golden era still stand today as mute evidence to a glorious past.

Odisha has a unique culture and Odias call it Jagannath Sanskruti as most of them revolve around Lord Jagannath.The old customs and traditions bind the Odias together in a cultural cocoon where each and every festival is celebrated with equal enthusiasm and gaiety. It is like a bridge between the northern and southern halves of the country. Odia (formerly known as Oriya) is the most spoken language of Odisha.

Jagannatha Temple in Puri, known for its annual  or Car Festival is a unique cultural attraction while the Sun Temple at Konark is also famous for its architectural splendor.

Odisha’s wedding ceremony is a simple affair free from any complexities and lavishness and is considered as a blissful affair with simple rituals followed.The marriage has three major rituals Nirbandha (fixing the marriage), Bahaghara (the main wedding ritual), and Chaturthi (consummation). A wedding in Odisha is not considered complete until Chaturthi. One of the unique things about the Oriya wedding is that the mother of the bridegroom does not attend the wedding ceremony.

The official language of Orissa is Odia (Oriya), which is spoken by the majority of the population and is one of the oldest languages of India. Other languages spoken are Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, and Telugu.

Women in Odisha wear the Oriya Saree, which is often draped with a 5-yard cotton ikat cloth. Traditionally, the women of Odisha dress in sarees of blue, red, and magenta and other deep colors, with ikat patterning.

Odisha is recognized for its handlooms, especially the Odisha sarees. In Odisha, there are many different motifs and designs woven in cotton and silk to create the distinctive sarees of Odisha like Bomkai, Sambalpuri which are also famous in the international markets.

Orissa is a land of temples. The concentration of the largest number of temples all over the state has made it a centre of unique attraction for the scholars and tourists.The Orissan Temple Architecture holds an appeal that is magnetic and almost stupefying in its extravagance and mobility. Exquisitely carved base-reliefs with their numerous halls and the heavily sculptured towers are landmarks of this magnificent architecture. The splendid ruins of Konark, the highly sanctified environs of Jagannath and Lingaraj temples are the symbols of Orissa’s cultural heritage that remain an eye-opener even today.

The artistic skill of the Oriya artists is quite unsurpassable in the world. The murals, cloth and palm leaf paintings of Orissa are as old as its magnificent architecture and sculpture. The Chitrakars or artists were patronised by feudal landlords and kings, leaving them free to scale new heights in creativity in all fields of visual arts.The three main categories of Oriya painting, the Bhitichitra or the murals, the Patachitra or the cloth painting and the Pothichitra or the palm leaf engraving have remained more or less the same in style, down the ages.

The musical accompaniment of Odissi dance is essentially the same as the music of Odissa itself. There are a number of musical instruments used to accompany the Odissi dance. One of the most important is the pakhawaj, also known as the madal. This is the same pakhawaj that is used elsewhere in the north except for a few small changes. One difference is that the right head is a bit smaller than the usual north Indian pakhawaj. This necessitates a technique which in many ways is more like that of the tabla, or mridangam. Other instruments which are commonly used are the bansuri (bamboo flute), the manjira (metal cymbals), the sitar and the tanpura.A land of rich and diverse artistic achievements, Odisha’s art and culture are the products of a long historical process in which the spiritual, philosophical and the humane dimensions have merged to yield the finest effects of cultured civilised life.

Rock art in Odisha dates back to the prehistoric period according to the earliest reports found at Viramkhol in Jharsuguda district. With the reign of Ashoka the great, Buddhist sculptural art gradually changed the degree of Odisha’s artistic flair. Even today, the caves of Ratnagiri, Lalitgiri and Udaygiri have not faltered to showcase the wonderful legacy of sculptural brilliance that some of our finest carvers left behind.

With clean, fine-grained sand and water as its raw materials, this is an indigenous form of art that found its origin recently if a comparison is drawn to the other forms of art. It is practised on the beaches of Puri with subjects ranging from Hindu deities to international occasions. With the help of tourism, this art-form has developed exponentially and found worldwide recognition.

Locally known as ‘Tarakasi’, this art form is about 500 years old. It hails from Cuttack, a.k.a the Silver City of Odisha (now you know why). The process consists of drawing silver through a series of consecutively smaller holes to produce fine strands of wire. Usually, Tarakasi jewellery is used to embellish Durga idols during Durga Puja in Cuttack and by Odissi dancers.

Odisha has a rich heritage of music, which is a delight for all music lovers. Among all Odissi music is a piece of classical music which is very popular internationally. It has all elements such as Tala and Raga. Jayadeva was the first poet to compose musical lyrics.

Odia filmography’s first production was a talkie. The first Odia talkie Sita Bibaha was made by Mohan Sundar Deb Goswami in 1936. The pace of Odia film production in the initial years was very slow. After Sita Bibaha, only two films were produced until 1951.

Odia Film Industry, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, were highly indebted to Bengali films. Several Bengali directors help their Odia counterparts to help make films. Eminent director Mrinal Sen even directed an Odia film ‘Matira Manisha’ which won National Award for best actor Prashanta Nanda.

Odisha has culinary tradition spanning centuries if not millennia. The kitchen of the famous Jagannath temple in Puri is reputed to be the largest in the world, with a thousand chefs, working around 752 wood-burning clay hearths called chulas, to feed over 10,000 people each day.Rasagolla, one of the most popular desserts in India, is an extension of the cuisine of Odisha and West Bengal. It had been enjoyed in Odisha for centuries and neighbouring Bengal, like the well-known rice pudding, kheeri (kheer), that is relished all over India.In fact, some well-known recipes, usually credited to Bengal, are of Odishan origin. This is because during the Bengal renaissance, Brahmin cooks from Odisha, especially from Puri, were routinely employed in richer Bengali households. They were famed for their culinary skills and commonly referred to as Ude Thakurs (Odia Brahmin-cooks). As a result, many Odia delicacies got incorporated into the Bengali kitchen.Chena Poda is another famous sweet delicacy in Odisha with the origin from Nayagarh District, Odisha.Pakhala, a dish made of rice, water, and yoghurt, that is fermented overnight, is very popular in summer, particularly in the rural areas. Odias are very fond of sweets and no Odia repast is considered complete without some dessert at the end. A typical meal in Odisha consists of a main course and dessert. Typically breads are served as the main course for breakfast, whereas rice is eaten with lentils (dals) during lunch and dinner. The main course also includes one or more curries, vegetables and pickles. Given the fondness for sweet foods, the dessert course may include generous portions of more than a single item. Odia desserts are made from a variety of ingredients, with milk, chhenna (a form of ricotta cheese), coconut, rice, and wheat flour being the most common.

The first great poet of Odisha is the famous Sarala Das who wrote the Mahabharata, not an exact translation from the Sanskrit original, but a full-blown independent work. Sarala Mahabharat has 152,000 verses compared to 100,000 in the Sanskrit version. Among many of his poems and epics, he is best remembered for his Sarala Mahabharata. Chandi Purana and the Vilanka Ramayana are also two of his famous creations. Arjuna Das, a contemporary to Sarala Das, wrote Rama-Bibha, a significant long poem in Odia.

Towards the 16th century, five poets emerged, though there are hundreds year gap in between them. But they are known as Panchashakhas as they believed in the same school of thought, Utkaliya Vaishnavism. The poets are: Balarama Dasa, Jagannatha Dasa, Achyutananada Dasa, Ananta Dasa and Jasobanta Das. The Panchasakhas are very much Vaishnavas by thought. In 1509, Chaitanya, an Odia devotee of Vishnu whose grandfather Madhukar Mishra had emigrated to Bengal, came to Odisha with his Vaishnava message of love. Before him Jayadeva, one of the foremost composers in Sanskrit, had prepared the ground by heralding the cult of Vaishnavism through his Gita Govinda. Chaitanya’s path of devotion was known as Raganuga Bhakti Marga, but the Panchasakhas differed from Chaitanyas and believed in Gyana Mishra Bhakti Marga, which has similarities with the Buddhist philosophy of Charya Literature stated above. At the end of age of Panchasakha, the prominent poets are Dinakrushna Das, Upendra Bhanja and Abhimanyu Samanta Simhar. Verbal jugglery, obscenity and eroticism as the characteristics of Shringara Kavyas, became the trend of this period to which Upendra Bhanja took a leading role. His creations were Baidehisha Bilasa, Koti Brahmanda Sundari, Lavanyabati were proved landmark in Odia literature. Upendra Bhanja was conferred with the title Kabi Samrat of Odia literature for the aesthetic poetic sense and verbal jugglery proficiency. Dinakrushna Das’s Rasokallola and Abhimanyu Samanta Simhara’s Bidagdha Chintamani are prominent kavyas of this time.

There are many more things about our odisha.I am proud to be an odia.