Melting of Glaciers – A topic which should not be avoided.

Glaciers are persistent chunks of dense ice that are constantly moving under their own weight. Glaciers are formed where snow accumulation exceeds its erosion over the years, and often centuries.
Rising global temperatures have undoubtedly been the cause of glacier melting throughout history. Due to the rate at which climate change is occurring today, it can become extinct at record rates.
Some of the other reasons:
Carbon dioxide gases Emissions: Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by human activities such as industry, transportation, deforestation, and burning fossil fuels warm the earth and melt glaciers. Glacier savings can be achieved if CO2 emissions can be reduced by 45% over the next decade before reaching zero by 2050.
Ocean warming: The ocean absorbs 90% of the earth’s heat. This fact mainly affects the melting of sea glaciers near the poles and on the coast of Alaska (USA) and other heavy snow covered areas.
The main consequences of melting glaciers are:
Sea Level Rising- Sea level is rising and covers most of the continental region. This means that which means within years most of the areas can be a complete flooded regions.
Less freshwater – No glaciers also mean less water for population consumption, less hydropower capacity, and less water available for irrigation.
Climate change-The balance between cyclone and anticyclone structure and meteorological patterns is deteriorating.
Food Chain Imbalances-The habitats of some marine and terrestrial species are changing and they may harms to them in maintaining their natural circulation and habitat.
Temperature imbalances, extensive processes of deforestation, and rainfall can be other reasons for global warming that lead to glacier melting.
Glaciologists believe that despite the massive ice loss, there is still time to save the glacier from the predicted disappearance. It can done through to curb climate change and save glaciers from getting extinct. Scientists believe that controlling climate change can prevent glaciers from melting and disappearing.
“The earth has a skin and that skin has diseases; one of its diseases is called man.”
– Friedrich Nietzsche
What is SIP? Full details of SIP
Do you know what is SIP? How to invest in SIP? So friends, today we are going to tell you everything from SIP Meaning In Hindi to everything about it. So read this article completely and thoroughly.
Perhaps you must have heard about SIP from someone, invest in SIP, it is very good or someone must have told you that you know about SIP, only then today you come here to know about SIP.
That’s why today we are going to give you a lot of information about SIP. This information will be very useful for you, and you will get to know a lot about SIP, which you will hardly know.
What is SIP? Full details of SIP
Today in this article we are going to tell you, what is SIP and what is its work? More information will be given to you through this article, so let’s go ahead.
Your emphasis should always be on saving money. With this, you will be able to achieve your financial goals, and you will be able to face problems in the future.
Investing in mutual funds through SIPs has grown exponentially in the last few years. If you also want to earn a good return on your savings, then we are telling you how you can easily invest in SIP, so let’s know about SIP.
What is SIP?
SIP i.e. Systematic Investment Plan This is a facility given by mutual funds to its investors, which allows them to invest in the fund for a fixed time period, and which is called SIP.
Investors can also start investing in mutual funds through SIP with a minimum amount of Rs 500. Every month a fixed amount is invested in the chosen mutual fund from the investor’s bank account. The investor is then given a fixed number of mutual fund units in return, based on the Net Asset Value (NAV).
If you want to get a regular and balanced wealth, then you should invest your saved amount through SIP. By doing SIP, not only are we increasing our savings, but through this we also get tax exemption.
SIP is mostly used to invest in Mutual Funds. In this method, instead of investing the entire amount at once, the investor keeps on investing a fixed amount at a fixed time interval.
Like the investor has started SIP of 1000 rupees per month, then he will keep investing 1000 rupees in that mutual fund every month.
Investing your small amount every month or every quarter does not increase the financial burden on the investor. Therefore, even a person with very low income can make this investment.
Benefits of SIP
A disciplined approach towards investing helps a lot in building wealth in the long run.
The earlier you invest, the more your money grows over time.
According to the income and saving capacity, the amount of SIP can be increased or decreased.
It allows you to start and stop SIP as per your wish.
After starting the SIP without any restriction, the date of its tenure can also be changed.
You can reap the benefits of a huge amount of your investment after some time.
If you close the S.I.P in a poorly performing fund, the fund house does not charge a fee.
If you want to increase the amount of your SIP, then you do not need to start a new SIP for this. You can increase the amount by increasing the existing SIP.
There are many benefits to investing in SIP. You can start SIP for any number of years. On the other hand, if you want, you can also stop it in the middle. There is no penalty for stopping the SIP in between. Apart from this, you can also change your SIP amount in between.
In every scheme of mutual funds, several dates are given for SIP. You can choose any date. If you want, you can also start different SIPs of the same mutual fund scheme for more than one date.
This way the investor does not need to go through manually and pay his installment amount, the technology works for him.
In most mutual fund schemes, SIPs are allowed to start from Rs.500. There are only a few schemes where SIP can be started with a minimum of Rs 1000.
If you start any good mutual fund scheme with a SIP of Rs 500 a month, then it will grow in this way. Here the return is considered to be up to 12 percent.
Best mutual funds to invest in.
HDFC Small Cap Fund
DSP BlackRock Midcap Fund
HDFC Mid-Cap Opportunities Fund
Axis Focused 25 fund
ICICI Prudential Bluechip Fund
L&T India Prudence Fund
Mirae Asset India Opportunities Fund-Reg
SBI Blue Chip Fund-Reg
Franklin India Prima Plus Fund
TATA India Consumer Fund
What is the risk in SIP?
Lack of money every month.
Currency and foreign investment risk.
liquidity risk.
Market and policy change risk.
Hidden charges and fraud.
how to invest in SIP
To start investing in SIP, you have to first complete the KYC formalities. For this, you will have to keep a check book ready to give PAN card, address proof, passport size photograph and bank details.
In the next step, you go to the website of the fund house where you want to invest through SIP. Here you have to give basic information like your name, date of birth. Softcopy of PAN card, address proof and photo will also have to be uploaded.
After this, an appointment for a video call will have to be taken for verification. During the videocall verification, you will also have to show your Aadhar card and PAN card.
After the verification process is completed, you have to choose the mutual fund scheme of your choice, in which you want to invest. To register a new account, you need to fill an application form. After giving all the information here, the ID password will also have to be selected. Here you will also give bank details.
When the registration is complete and you get the confirmation from the fund house, then you can start investing.
Conclusion-
Friends, in this way now you must have come to know what is SIP? And at the same time you must have got to know many more information about SIP. Today you must have got some information about SIP through this article. Which would have worked for you.
If you still don’t understand anything, or you want to ask us something, then you can ask us in the comment box given below. We will do our best to help you.
And also, if you liked this article, and you got to learn something good from it today, then definitely share it with your friends and also inform them about SIP.
how to become an app developer from scratch
Hello friends, today we are telling you about how to become an app developer from scratch, if you are interested in the field related to computer or technology, then app developer is a very good option for you in which you can make your best future and if you want to become an app developer. If you do not have detailed information about it, then you should read our article carefully.
how to become an app developer from scratch
Today many people are earning lakhs of rupees every day by becoming an app developer and there are many different ways to earn money from it so that you can earn lakhs of rupees a day, but before that, it is very important for you to have information about becoming an app developer. Only then you will be able to make a better future in it by becoming an app developer and earning well from it.
Earlier, people had to work hard to become an app developer, but recently due to new technology it has become very easy to become an app developer recently working as an app developer earns a lot, which People have a lot of interest in this, but before becoming an app developer, it is very important to keep the following things in mind so that you do not have any kind of problem later.
To become an app developer, you must have a good command of English.
To become an app developer, it is very important to have an interest in com computers and mobile.
To do this work, you should know about surfing.
It is very important for the app developer to be interested in learning new things.
Keeping the following things in mind, you do this course and if you have the following qualifications, then you can easily become an app developer and you will not have any kind of problem later.
What is App Developer
The main job of an app developer is to create an application and an app developer creates applications for Android, iOS, and computers, recently you can use whatever application like whatsapp, Instagram, Youtube etc. are used, they are all made by some app developer and after doing this course, you can earn crores of rupees by making such an app as well as illuminate your name in the world.
Which course to do to become an App Developer
To become an app developer, you need to do this course because through this you will be able to create applications and learn about computer language recently there are many different courses for an app developer, after which you can make an app. One can make a career as a developer and for this, the following types of courses can be done.
IT Engineering
B.Sc. i.e. Computer Science
B.Voc.ie Software Development
M.Voc.ie Software Development
Diploma in Computer Engineering
M.E. ie M.Tech. Software Development
PG Diploma i.e. Software Development
B.E. ie B.Tech. Software Development
BCA – Bachelor of Computer Applications
B.E. ie B.Tech. Computer Science Engineering
M.E. ie M.Tech. Computer Science Engineering
All these courses are very good courses to become an app developer, if you want, after doing these courses, you can become an app developer.
What is required to become an App Developer
To become an app developer, it is very important to know rough this you can create any kind of professional app, along with this, if there is any problem etc. And along with this y, ou youed t learn the following things.
- Java
- Kotlin
- C#
- SQL
- Python
- HTML + CSS + JavaScript
- XML
All these things are needed to make the application and if you learn all of them, then after that you will be able to make the app very easily as you want.
How does App Developer earn?
App developer earns in many ways and you can earn a lot from it by adopting many different methods, for this, we are telling you some ways, by adopting those methods, you will be able to earn a lot from it.
By making your app – Often after becoming an app developer, people earn money from it by making their app, this can be earned very well for a long time and this you have to make your popular app, after that if you want to sell, then you can sell money by selling it. You can earn and if you want, you can also earn money from it through advertising.
By doing a job in a company – if you become an app developer, then you can easily get a job in a big company and you are also given a very good post in this so that your earnings will be very good, many companies like this Which also gives salary of lakhs of rupees every month to the app developer, it all depends on your knowledge.
By giving service to the people – recently many people and companies etc. need to make an app, in such a situation, they choose the app developer to work and give a very good amount in exchange for making the app if you want Fiverr etc. Through this, you can give your services to the people and in return, you can earn very good money.
Conclusion – In this article, we have given you information about how to become an app developer from scratch, we hope you have found the information given about becoming an app developer useful, if you like the information, then definitely share it with your friends and related to it. If you want to ask any other questions, you can also tell through comments.
12U2 Summit 2022: I2U2 Meeting Today, Modi-Biden Attends Virtually; The eyes of the world on the meeting
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will attend the first I2U2 Leaders’ Summit on July 14 with leaders from Israel, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.I2U2 aims to make joint investments in six mutually recognized sectors such as water, energy, transport, space, health and food security.The first I2U2 Leaders Summit will take place today at around 4:00 p.m.
A major topic of the meeting will also be how the partnership between the companies of these four countries can be advanced in order to overcome the great economic challenges. Joining this group of four countries (Quad) has many meanings for India.First, this will be the second quad with the US that India will be a member of.There is currently a quad coalition of India, America, Australia and Japan whose heads met in May 2022.At that meeting, these four countries had announced a grand agenda of economic cooperation and the Indo-Pacific economic framework.What is the I2U2 Summit?I2U2 stands for I2 for India and Israel while U2 stands for USA and UAE .I2U2 is a group of four countries namely India, Israel, USA and United Arab Emirates.These four nations will focus on food security and defense to create a new global standard.At this meeting, the future agenda of six key areas will be discussed.These will mainly include energy and food security.Another important topic of the meeting will be how to advance the partnership between the companies of these four countries to tackle the major economic challenges.The four countries are making efforts to strengthen economic parity partnerships in other areas of interest as well.Member countries will work to carry trade and investment to areas other than their region.The joint statement issued after the meeting will be monitored.
These leaders, including Modi and Biden, will attend the I2U2 meeting
The information from the Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the forthcoming meeting on Tuesday indicates that it is only about economic, social and infrastructure cooperation. The Foreign Ministry has announced that Prime Minister Narendra Modi will attend the first I2U2 meeting, Israel’s Prime Minister Yar Lapid, UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and US President Joe Biden. The decision regarding I2U2 was made at the meeting of the foreign ministers of the four countries mentioned above on October 18, 2021.After that, Sherpa-level talks between the four countries will also continue on an ongoing basis.
12U2 Summit 2022: I2U2 Meeting Today, Modi-Biden Attends Virtually; The eyes of the world on the meeting
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will attend the first I2U2 Leaders’ Summit on July 14 with leaders from Israel, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.I2U2 aims to make joint investments in six mutually recognized sectors such as water, energy, transport, space, health and food security.The first I2U2 Leaders Summit will take place today at around 4:00 p.m.
A major topic of the meeting will also be how the partnership between the companies of these four countries can be advanced in order to overcome the great economic challenges. Joining this group of four countries (Quad) has many meanings for India.First, this will be the second quad with the US that India will be a member of.There is currently a quad coalition of India, America, Australia and Japan whose heads met in May 2022.At that meeting, these four countries had announced a grand agenda of economic cooperation and the Indo-Pacific economic framework.What is the I2U2 Summit?I2U2 stands for I2 for India and Israel while U2 stands for USA and UAE .I2U2 is a group of four countries namely India, Israel, USA and United Arab Emirates.These four nations will focus on food security and defense to create a new global standard.At this meeting, the future agenda of six key areas will be discussed.These will mainly include energy and food security.Another important topic of the meeting will be how to advance the partnership between the companies of these four countries to tackle the major economic challenges.The four countries are making efforts to strengthen economic parity partnerships in other areas of interest as well.Member countries will work to carry trade and investment to areas other than their region.The joint statement issued after the meeting will be monitored.
These leaders, including Modi and Biden, will attend the I2U2 meeting
The information from the Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the forthcoming meeting on Tuesday indicates that it is only about economic, social and infrastructure cooperation. The Foreign Ministry has announced that Prime Minister Narendra Modi will attend the first I2U2 meeting, Israel’s Prime Minister Yar Lapid, UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and US President Joe Biden. The decision regarding I2U2 was made at the meeting of the foreign ministers of the four countries mentioned above on October 18, 2021.After that, Sherpa-level talks between the four countries will also continue on an ongoing basis.
What is Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)
The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) set minimum energy performance standards for commercial buildings. Under section 14 (p) of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001, Central Government has powers to prescribe ECBC for non-residential buildings, having connected load of 100 KW and above or a contract demand of 120 KVA and above or recommended built-up area of 1000 sqm and above. or building complex for efficient use of energy and its conservation. The state governments have the flexibility to modify ECBC to suit local or regional needs. Energy performance standards for the following building systems will be included in the ECBC:
- Building Envelope
- Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
- Lighting
- Service Water Heating
- Electric Power and Distribution
The salient features of the ECBC for the Composite Climate Zone are as under:
1. Building Envelope:
| Heat/Moisture Losses | Walls | Roof | Window |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimize Conduction Losses | Use insulation with low U-value | Use insulation with low U-value | Use material with low U-factor |
| Minimize Convection Losses & Moisture Penetration | Reduce air leakage & use vapor barrier | Reduce air leakage & use vapor Barrier | Use prefabricated windows and seal the joints between windows and walls. |
| Climate Zone | Hospitals, Hotels, Call Centres, (24-hours) | Other Building types (Daytime) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum U-factor of the overall assembly (W/sq.m-0 C) | Minimum R-value of insulation alone (W/sq.m-0 C) | Maximum U-factor of the overall assembly (W/sq.m-0 C) | Minimum R-value of insulation alone (W/sq.m-0 C) | |
| Composite | U-0.261 | R-3.5 | U-0.409 | R-2.1 |
| Climate Zone | Hospitals, Hotels, Call Centres, (24-hours) | Other Building types (Daytime) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum U-factor of the overall assembly (W/sq.m-0 C) | Minimum R-value of insulation alone (W/sq.m-0 C) | Maximum U-factor of the overall assembly (W/sq.m-0 C) | Minimum R-value of insulation alone (W/sq.m-0 C) | |
| Composite | U-0.440 | R-2.10 | U-0.440 | R-2.10 |
| Climate | Maximum U-factor | Maximum SHGC WWR < 40% | Maximum SHGC 40% < WWR <60% |
|---|---|---|---|
| Composite | 3.3 | ||
| Composite | 3.3 | ||
| Minimum Visible Light Transmittance | |||
| Window –Wall-Ratio | |||
| <30% | |||
| 31%-40% | |||
| 41%-50% | |||
| 51%-60% |
| Clear Glass | Tinted Glass | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frame Type | Glazing Type | U- Factor(W/m2-0C) | SHGC | VLT | U-Factor | SHGC | VLT |
| All frame types | Single Glazing | 7.1 | 0.82 | 0.76 | 7.1 | 0.70 | 0.58 |
| Wood, vinyl, of fiberglass frame | Double Glazing | 3.3 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 3.4 | 0.42 | 0.39 |
| Metel and other frame type | Double Glazing | 5.1 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 5.1 | 0.50 | 0.40 |
| Daytime Occupancy | 24- Hour Occupancy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U – Factor | SHGC | U – Factor | SHGC | |
| Mass Walls | 6.01 | – | 13.85 | – |
| Curtain Walls, Other | 15.72 | – | 20.48 | – |
| Roofs | 11.93 | – | 24.67 | – |
| North Windows | -1.75 | 40.65 | -4.56 | 58.15 |
| Non-North Windows | -1.25 | 54.51 | 0.68 | 86.57 |
| Skylights | -96.35 | 311.71 | -294.66 | 918.77 |
| Thermal Requirements | Physical Manifestation |
|---|---|
| Reduce Heat Gain in Summer and Reduce Heat Loss in Winter | |
| Decrease exposed surface area | Orientation and shape of building. Use of trees as wind barriers |
| Increase thermal resistance | Roof insulation and wall insulation |
| Increase thermal capacity (Time lag) | Thicker walls |
| Increase buffer spaces | Air locks/Balconies |
| Decrease air exchange rate | Weather stripping |
| Increase shading | Walls, glass surfaces protected by overhangs, fins and trees |
| Increase surface reflectivity | Pale color, glazed china mosaic tiles, etc. |
| Reduce solar heat gain | Use glazing with lower SHGC and provide shading for windows. Minimize glazing in East and West |
| Promote Heat Loss in Summer/Monsoon | |
| Increase air exchange rate ( Ventilation) | Courtyards/wind towers/ arrangement of openings |
| Increase humidity levels in dry summer | Trees and water ponds for evaporative cooling |
| Decrease humidity in monsoon | Dehumidifiers/ desiccant cooling |
Source:- Nayak and Prajapati (2206), Handbook on Energy Conscious Buildings.
2. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC):
| Equipment Class | Minimum COP | Minimum IPLV | Test Standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air Cooled Chiller <530KW (<150 tons) | 2.90 | 3.16 | ARI 550/590-1998 |
| Air Cooled Chiller>=530KW(>=150 tons) | 3.05 | 3.32 | ARI 550/590-1998 |
| Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller <530KW(<150 tons) | 5.80 | 6.09 | ARI 550/590-1998 |
| Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller >=530KW and =150 tons and <300 tons) | 5.80 | 6.17 | |
| Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller >=1050KW(>=300 tons) | 6.30 | 6.61 | ARI 550/590-1998 |
| Reciprocating Compressor, Water Cooled Chiller all sizes | 4.20 | 5.05 | |
| Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled Chiller <530KW(<150 tons) | 4.70 | 5.49 | ARI550/590-1998 |
| Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled Chiller>=530 and =150 and <300 tons) | 5.40 | 6.17 | |
| R Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled Chiller>=1050KW(>=300 tons) | 5.75 | 6.43 | ARI 550/590-1998 |
ii) Unitary Air
| Equipment Class | Minimum COP | Minimum IPLV | Test Standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner >=19 and =5.4 and <11 tons) | 3.08 | ARI 210/240 | |
| Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner >=40 to =11 to <20 tons) | 3.08 | ARI 340/360 | |
| Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner >=70KW(>=20 tons) | 2.93 | 2.99 | ARI 340/360 |
| Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner<19KW(<5.4 tons) | 4.10 | ARI 210/240 | |
| Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner>=19 and =5.4 and <11 tons) | 4.10 | +++ | ARI 210/240 |
| Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner>==11 tons) | 3.22 | 3.02 | ARI 210/240 |
3. Lighting:
| Building Area Type | LPD (W/sq.m) | Building Area Type | LPD (W/sq.m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Automotive facility | 9.7 | Multifamily | 7.5 |
| Convention Center | 12.9 | Museum | 11.8 |
| Court House | 12.9 | Office | 10.8 |
| Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure | 14.0 | Parking Garage | 3.2 |
| Dinging: Cafeteria/Fast Food | 15.1 | Performing Arts Theater | 17.2 |
| Space Function | LPD (W/sq.m) | Space Function | LPD (W/sq.m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lobby | 14.0 | Hospital | |
| For Hotel | 11.8 | Emergency | 29.1 |
| For Performing Arts Theater | 35.5 | Recovery | 8.6 |
| For Motion Picture Theater | 11.8 | Nurse Station | 10.8 |
| Exterior Lighting Applications | Power Limits |
|---|---|
| Building entrance (with canopy) | 13 W/m2 (1.3 W / ft2) of canopied are |
| Building entrance (without canopy) | 90 W/lin m (30 W/lin f) of door width |
| Building exit | 60 W/lin m (20 W/lin f) of door width |
| Building facades | 2 W/m2 (0.2 W/ ft2) of vertical facade area |
| Space Function LPD (W/m2) | Space Function LPD (W/m2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Office-enclosed | 11.8 | For Reading Area | 12.9 |
| Office- open plan | 11.8 | Hospital | |
| Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose | 14.0 | For Emergency | 29.1 |
| Classroom/Lecture Training | 15.1 | For Recovery | 8.6 |
| Lobby | 14.0 | For Nurse Station | 10.8 |
| For Hotel | 11.8 | For Exam Treatment | 16.1 |
| For Performing Arts Theater | 35.5 | For Pharmacy | 12.9 |
| For Motion Picture Theater | 11.8 | For patient Room | 7.5 |
| Audience/Seating Area* | 9.7 | For Operating Room | 23.7 |
| For Gymnasium | 4.3 | For Nursery | 6.5 |
| For Convention Center | 7.5 | For Medical | 23.7 |
| Audience/Seating Area* | 9.7 | For Operating Room | 15.1 |
| Atrium –first three floors | 6.5 | For Low Bay (<8m celling) | 12.9 |
| Atrium-each additional floor | 2.2 | For High Bay (>8m ceiling) | 18.3 |
| Lounge/Recreation* | 12.9 | For Detailed Manufacturing | 22.6 |
| For Hospital | 8.6 | For Equipment Room | 12.9 |
| Dining Area* | 9.7 | For Control Room | 5.4 |
| For Hotel | 14.0 | Hotel/Motel Guest Rooms | 11.8 |
| For Motel | 12.9 | Dormitory- Living Quarters | 11.8 |
| For Bar Lounge/Leisure Dining | 15.1 | Museum | |
| For Family Dining | 22.6 | For General Exhibition | 10.8 |
| Food Preparation | 12.9 | For Restoration | 18.3 |
| Laboratory | 15.1 | Bank office- Banking Activity Area | 16.1 |
| Restrooms | 9.7 | Retail | |
| Dressing/Locker/Fitting Room | 6.5 | For Sales Area | 18.3 |
| Corridor/Transition* | 5.4 | For Mall Concourse | 18.3 |
| For Hospital | 10.8 | Sports Arena | |
| For Manufacturing Facility | 5.4 | For Ring Sports Area | 29.1 |
| Stairs-active | 6.5 | For Court Sports Area | 24.8 |
| Active Storage* | 8.6 | For Indoor Field Area | 15.1 |
| For Hospital | 9.7 | Warehouse | |
| Inactive Storage* | 3.2 | For Fine Material Storage | 15.1 |
| For Museum | 8.6 | For Medium /Bulky Material Storage | 9.7 |
| Electrical /Mechanical Facility | 16.1 | Parking Garage- Garage Area | 2.2 |
| Workshop | 20.5 | Transportation | |
| Convention Center- Exhibit Space | 14.0 | For Airport- Concourse | 6.5 |
| Library | For Air/Train/Bus- Baggage Area | 10.8 | |
| For Card File & Cataloging | 11.8 | For Ticket Counter Terminal | 16.1 |
| For Stacks | 18.3 |
4. Service Water Heating:
Mandatory Requirements
a) Solar water heater or heat recovery for at least 20% of the design capacity
Minimum efficiency for service water heating equipment
Piping insulation
Communalism in India: Threat to National Integration

National Integration is a process by which divisive people and culture are synthesized into a unified whole, along with higher levels of cooperation, mutual understanding, shared values, common identity and above all national consciousness. In the process of national integration, people of a nation develop the sense of we feeling and are unified. The broader objective of national integration has been the attainment of ideological goals such as secularism and democracy. But these are some negative forces lurking within the society which pose as a rising threat to the national integration of India in the form of communalism, regionalism, linguism, etc.
India represents a divirse religions and cultures. Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, etc have flourished here. Whereas the Hindus constitute the major segment of India’s population, the Muslims constitute the largest minority. But the irony is that the adjustment between the Hindus and Muslims has been a failure several times, resulting in violent outbursts and communal riots. The inhuman behavior seen in the communal riots during the period of Independence of India, has no parallel instances in the entire history of the world. In fact, communalism is not a new phenomenon and has tended to exist since the times of the Muslim rule in the medieval period.
Communalism is described as a tool to mobilize people for or against, by raising an appeal on communal lines. Asghar Ali Engineer, Moin Shakir and Abdul Ahmed try to explain communalism as an ideological tool for propagation of economic and political interests. According, to them it I an instrument in the hands of the hands upper class to concentrate power by dividing people.
Communalism as an ideology may be perceived as:
- A total commitment to a set of beliefs,
- Far from rationality,
- Commiting of self to the community alone,
- Unwillingness to accept other belief patterns and faiths,
- Closing of self and being highly emotional to it, to the extent of crossing the bounds of law at times.
- It mostly rests on prejudices,
- It causes rivalry and violence among masses,
- It effects are disastrous,
- It strikes at the roots of secularism and national integration.
There are many factors that lead to the emergence of communalism in the society. Some of these factors include provocation of enemy countries, negative effect of mass media, geographical causes, weak economic status of minorities, historical causes, organized and militant fundamentalist organization, orthodoxy and obscurantism and failure of government policies.
There stands an urgent need of eradication of communalism in our society. Some policies that can be undertaken in this regard include abolition of communal parties in our country, healthy public opinion, inter- religious marriages, declaration of national festivals, etc. These are few measures that may help in curbing communalism from causing any threat to the National integration of our country.
India’s last village Mana.

Mana Village is located in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, at an altitude of 3200 m , on the banks of the Saraswati River, about 5 km from the famous Hindu pilgrimage site Badrinath. This beautiful place is located 26 km from the border between India and Tibet and is the last village of India.
According to the 2011 census, the village was home to about 558 households and with population of about 1214 people . Most of the population here belong to Marchhas and Jads or Bhotias. During the winter, the area is covered with snow, so the entire population moves to lower altitudes. Many cafes here tell people that their store is the last cafe on the Indian border. Most of the people here speaks Garhwali Or Hindi languages.
If you visit this place, you will notice that the shopkeepers in the area sell their products under the title “Last Village”, such as “The Last Tea and Coffee Corner in India”.
Religious importance of mana village:
The village of Mana is of great religious importance to Hindus as it is associated with the Mahabharata era. Pandavas, the five mythical figures of the epic Mahabharata, is believed to have passed through the village of Mana on his final journey to heaven. There is also a stone bridge called “Bheempul” near the Saraswati River. It is believed to have been created by Bheem, one of the Pandava’s .
How do you get to Mana village?
You can reach Mana village easily as it is easily accessible from Rishikesh / Haridwar/Dehradun and situated just 5 km from Badrinath Temple. The nearest train station is located in Haridwar, about 275 km away, and you can reach the village by bus / taxi from outside this station. Mana is just 315 km from Dehradun and there is a regular bus in front of the train station.
Mana attractions :
Neelkanth Peak: At an altitude of 6597 feet above sea level, Neelkanth Peak is one of the region’s main attractions. Also known as the “Queen of Garhwal”, this snow-capped peak rises beautifully above the Badrinath Temple and is a must-see for adventure and trekking lovers.
Tapt Kund: According to Hindu mythology, Tapt Kund is the Sanctuary of the Lord of Agni (Fire). This natural hot spring is thought to have medicinal properties, and it is said that soaking in Tapt Kund water will cure skin diseases.
Vasudhara: This is a scenic waterfall about 9km from Badrinath Temple. According to Legend it is the place where Pandavas stayed for some time during their exile.
Vyas Gufa: As the name implies, Ved Vyas, a famous scholar and author of the epic Mahabharata, lived in this cave while writing the four famous vedas. What makes this cave interesting is a small shrine dedicated to him, which is said to be over 5,000 years old.
Beehma Pul: One of Mana Village’s main attractions is Beehma Pul. Beehma is said to have built this Bheem Pul, a stone bridge to allow his wife Draupadi to cross the Saraswati River on a journey to heaven.
Racial composition of India

Race remains one of the most complex concepts in sociology. In popular usage, race maybe human race, car race, etc., but in this context it refers to any category or group of people who have similar physical traits. Race according to some is a group of people who maybe separated from other groups by repeating physical features like color of skin, hair, stricture of jaw, structure of eyes, etc.
Race, as a term, gained usage around 16th century and it began being referred to family, village and breed. It was in the 18th century period, especially during the enlightenment,i.e., age of reason, that the idea of race began to be restored more systematically. Ethnic groups in Indian society have a complex history of more than 5000 years. It is a history of series of migration, accommodation, assimilation, invasions and wars.
According to Dubey, it can stipulate about the original people of India on the basis of information provided by physical anthropology regarding the racial groups in the composition of India. The most authoritative and widely accepted classification is by Dr. B.S.Guha who identified six major racial types, namely:
- The Negrito: People belonging to this racial group are characterized by black skin color, frizzly hair, thick lips, etc. The prevelance of a Negrito segment in the Indian population is a matter of controversy for the anthropologists and as such they are divided into two groups:
- The protagonists, who believe in the existence of the Negritos in India.
- The antagonists, who do not find any conclusive evidence of the existence of Negrito racial stock in Indian population.
- The Proto- Austroloid: This racial stock consists of an ethnic group comprising of the Australians aborigines and other people of the Southern Asia and Pacific Islands. The aborigines are also considered the pre- Dravidian race and the Indian tribal population in general, is dominated by this racial element.
- The Mongoloid: The Mongoloids, as a major racial stock, are native to Asia. This race entered India from the Western China through The Tibet, The Chinese, The Japanese, The Burmese, The Eskimos and also the American Indians are covered within this strain.
- The Mediterranean: This racial stock may be related to the Caucasian physical type i.e., the white race. It is one of the dominant races in India.
- The Western Brachycephals: It is believed that this racial group have entered India from the West. This race is divided into three sub- groups:
- The Alpinoid
- The Dinaric
- The Armenoid
- The Nordic: People belonging to this racial stock are characterized by tall stature, long head, light skin and hair and blue eyes. Tho physical stock has come to India from the North East Asia, South West Siberia through Central Asia and spread all over the Northern part of our country during the second millennium B.C.
What is IPO? All you need to know about IPO
Who does not love money, and then if even more money is made by investing money somewhere, then you will also know how good it will be.
In the same way, many big and small companies also keep investing in the same way, and at the same time many ways are brought to invest in them, one of them is IPO.
A company planning an IPO will typically select an underwriter or underwriter. They will also choose an exchange in which the shares will be issued and subsequently publicly traded.
What is IPO?
IPO means Initial Public Offering which is called IPO in short. When a company issues its common stock or shares to the public for the first time, it is called an IPO, Initial Public Offering.
This IPO is issued by limited companies so that they can get listed on the stock exchange. After listing on the stock exchange, the shares of the company can be bought in the stock market.
In IPO, when a company issues its common stock or shares to the public for the first time, it is called IPO (Initial Public Offering).
IPOs are mostly issued by smaller, newer companies that want capital to grow their business, but they can also be issued by large privately-owned companies that enter the public market. She wants to do business (publicly traded).
What is IPO
Typically a large IPO is underwritten by a syndicate of investment banks, led by one or more large investment banks.
On the sale of shares, underwriters receive a commission based on the value of the shares sold. Typically, the lead underwriter, the underwriter who has sold the largest portion of the IPO, receives the highest commission – 8 % in some cases.
How do IPOs work?
Before an IPO, a company is considered private. As a private company, the business has grown with a relatively small number of shareholders, including early investors such as founders, family and friends, as well as professional investors such as venture capitalists or angel investors.
When a company reaches a stage in its growth process where it believes it is mature enough to meet the rigors of SEC regulations, as well as the benefits and responsibilities to public shareholders, it may advertise its interest in going public.
Typically, this stage of growth will occur when a company has reached a personal valuation of about $1 billion, also known as unicorn status.
However, private companies with different valuations with strong fundamentals and proven profitability potential may also qualify for an IPO based on market competitiveness and ability to meet listing requirements.
An IPO is a big step for a company. This facilitates the company to raise a lot of money. This gives the company more potential to grow and expand. The increased transparency and credibility of share listings can also help in getting better terms along with borrowing funds.
Some important things about IPO.
IPO refers to the process of offering shares of a private corporation to the public in a new stock issuance.
Companies must meet requirements by exchanges and the SEC to hold an initial public offering.
Companies hire investment banks to market, solicit demand, price and date IPOs, and more.
An IPO can be viewed as an exit strategy for company founders and early investors, to realize the full benefits from their personal investments.
The company that offers its shares, known as the ‘issuer’, does so with the help of investment banks. After the IPO, the company’s shares are traded on an open market. Those shares can be further sold by investors through secondary market trading.
What is IPO?
The company that offers its shares, known as the ‘issuer’, does so with the help of investment banks. After the IPO, the company’s shares are traded on an open market. Those shares can be further sold by investors through secondary market trading.
The stages of an IPO include the following:
Underwriters submit proposals and valuations that discuss their services, market offerings
The best type of security to offer the price for, the quantity of shares and the estimated time frame.
The company chooses its underwriter and formally agrees to underwrite the terms through an underwriting agreement.
IPO teams are formed of underwriters, attorneys, certified public accountants, and Securities and Exchange Commission experts.
Ensure procedures for reporting auditable financial and accounting information every quarter.
What is the reason for bringing IPO?
When a company needs additional capital, it issues an IPO. This IPO company can issue even when it is short of funds, it considers it better to raise money from IPO instead of taking loan from the market.
This is the expansion plan of any company. After listing on the stock exchange, the company can invest its shares in other schemes.
It makes the companies bringing the IPO strictly follow the rules. Companies are obliged to give all kinds of information to SEBI.
The money raised through IPO is generally used for the expansion of the company, its technological development, to buy new assets, to clear debts, etc.
How many types of IPO are there? (Types of IPO)
There are two types of IPO. First Fixed Price IPO and second Book Building IPO Let us know about both.
Fixed Price IPO
Fixed price IPO can be referred to as the issue price that some companies set for the initial sale of their shares.
Investors get to know about the price of the shares that the company decides to take public.
The demand for shares in the market can be ascertained after the issue is closed. If investors participate in this IPO, they must ensure that they pay the full price of the shares while applying.
Book Building IPO
In terms of book building, the company initiating an IPO offers investors a 20% price band on the shares. Interested investors place bids on the shares before the final price is fixed.
Here investors need to specify the number of shares they wish to buy and the amount they are willing to pay per share.
How to invest in IPO?
The IPO issuer opens its IPO for investors for 3-10 days. Meaning when any IPO comes, any investor can buy it within 3 to 10 days.
Some companies keep their IPO issuance period for only 3 days and some keep more than three days.
You can invest in an IPO within these specified days by visiting the company’s site or through a registered brokerage.
Now if IPO is a fixed price issue then you have to apply for IPO at the same fixed price, and if IPO is a book building issue then you have to bid on that book building issue only.
IPO Allotment Process
When the IPO opening closes, the company allots the IPO. In this process, the company allots the IPO to all the investors and after the IPO is allotted to the investors, the shares get listed on the stock exchange (STOCK MARKET).
After listing in the stock market, shares are bought and sold in the secondary market. Unless the shares are listed in the stock market, you cannot sell them. Once the shares are listed in the stock market, the money and the shares are exchanged between the two investors.
Once listed, you can also sell and buy shares according to the stock market timing.
Is it good to invest in IPO?
Investing in IPO is a good idea but investing in every single IPO may not be the same. After all, the course of each IPO is different.
Initial Public Offerings present a convenient platform, especially for early investors. This is a good opportunity for them to enter the market at the best possible rates.
How does IPO make money?
A bank or group of banks put money to fund an IPO and buy shares of the company even before it is listed on a stock exchange.
Banks make their profit on the difference in price paid before the IPO and when the shares are officially offered to the public.
Overall, the road to IPO is very long. Thus, interest-generating public investors can develop headlines and other information along the way to help them complement the valuation of the best and potential offering price.
The pre-marketing process typically involves demand from large private accredited investors and institutional investors that influence the opening day of the IPO.
Investors are not included in the public until the day of the final offering. All investors can participate but individual investors must have exclusive trading access.
The most common way for an individual investor to obtain shares is to have an account with a brokerage platform that itself receives an allotment and wishes to share it with its clients.
So friends, you must have understood that what is IPO? Or what is IPO, although we have tried to give you some information about IPO, but still if you have any problem or you want to ask something from us, you can ask in the comment box given below. We will do our best to help you.
Metaverse what is it
Do you know what the metaverse is? Today we are going to tell you a lot about Metaverse. Today you will get to know a lot about the Metaverse in this article.
As you already know that ever since the Internet has come into our lives, we have seen many changes all over the world. Today, with the help of the internet, we can get information about anything and anywhere sitting at home, as today you have reached here with the help of the internet to know about Metaverse.
Friends, the world is progressing very fast, and we should also know about these new things, what the changes happening around us and in the world, as a new change is this metaverse, so let’s tell you today What is the metaverse, and what will it benefit us, as well as how it is useful for us.
You must have used Facebook because Facebook is one of the first social media platforms in the world. Now Facebook’s parent company is named Meta. Which is derived from the word metaverse. After all, what is this metaverse, let us know.
What is Metaverse?
The Metaverse is a virtual world where you can do everything you would do in the real world. Simply put, in a world where you have an identity, you will be at home, but your avatar will be in the metaverse.
There are many different technologies used in the metaverse. It uses Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and video tools. The concept of the Metaverse is that people digitally connect in a digital space.
For example, if you want to attend a live concert on the Metaverse, you can do that too. This will be different from a concert in video format, as your avatar will be present with other people at this concert.
You will be able to feel like you are participating in that concert and enjoying with the people through the device you use for the metaverse because there will be other people in the form of avatars and you will see them right there You can also have a conversation.
Metaverse can be used in different places. From the gaming sector to meeting and interacting with each other will be included in this.
People will be able to meet each other, talk and do gaming together in the digital space through their avatar sitting at home. People can even take virtual trips around the world through their avatars in the digital space.
How did the metaverse start?
In 1992, Steven Stephenson used the term Metaverse in his science fiction novel Snow Crash.
He envisioned that the metaverse would be a space where people would be able to interact with each other through their avatars. Have you ever thought that people will give billions of rupees to buy virtual land? It is true.
People are buying virtual land in Metaverse now, and it is very much in trend.
What is the future of the metaverse?
The way the Metaverse is becoming popular right now, this is going to change our lives very soon. Friends, 20 to 30 years ago hardly anyone would have thought that the world would become dependent on the internet, similarly, if you think that the metaverse will flop then you are wrong.
Because as of Web 3.0, the metaverse looks like a solid future. Barbados has become the first country to announce the opening of its embassy in the metaverse. Barbados is building its diplomatic compound in the Decentraland of the Metaverse.
People are also seeing this as a new way to earn money in the metaverse. Because the price at which plots are available in the metaverse right now is expected to increase prices as fast as cryptocurrencies in the future, and then everyone will have a different property of theirs in the metaverse.
The term that will trend after Cryptocurrency for the next few years is Metaverse. You should not see it by associating it with Facebook, since recently Facebook has changed its name to Meta, so people are seeing Metaverse associating it with Facebook, but it is not so.
Metaverse is a term, for the real world where you and I live and you can think of Metaverse as a virtual world.
Just like in the real world you need land to build a house or open a shop, so in the Metaverse, people are buying virtual plots to live, open a shop, play or hold a concert.
What would the world of the Metaverse be like?
The world of the Metaverse can be understood with a simple example in such a way that if a person is married, then in today’s time people gather in one place.
But with the arrival of the metaverse, it will happen that the bride and groom may also stay at their home and the rest of the guests too, just all in their virtual way.
-Gather through your image and talk to each other through 3D images and perform other rituals.
The world of Metaverse has started to form, it can be gauged from the fact that gaming company Epic Games organized a music concert in the past, which was virtual and people participated in it virtually.
This means people were dancing in concert with pop stars sitting in their homes, similarly, office meetings and classes can also be organized in future.
Metaverse land
In the metaverse, land means virtual land. Like you buy land or plot in the real world. Similarly, land can be bought or sold in the metaverse as well.
conclusion-
So in this way today you have learned what is the metaverse, and at the same time today, you must have got to know a lot more about the metaverse.
By the way, today in this article we have tried to tell you a lot about Metaverse, if you also know something about Metaverse, then you can share it with us, through the comment box given below.
ICC ODI Rankings: India rewarded after spectacular win over England, leaves Pakistan behind
In the first match of the 3-match ODI series to be played between India and England, India won against England by 10 wickets.India received a big reward for this victory, overtaking Pakistan in the latest ranking published by the ICC. Before the game, the Indian team was fourth with 105 points, but with India’s spectacular victory, the team’s Elo rating has increased by 3 points and now sits in third place with 108 points, leaving Pakistan behind. Pakistan has slipped to fourth place with 106 points.With 126 points, the New Zealand team is still in first place, while the English team is in second place with 122 points.Australia is 5th in this list, South Africa is 6th.The Bangladeshi team is 7th and the Sri Lankan team is 8th.West Indies and Afghanistan are 9th and 10th respectively.Pakistan had it after a clean win over the West Indies in the just made it to third place last month but now India has overtaken it.India can keep their lead until Pakistan play their next game.That being said, if India needs to maintain their lead then they need to win both of their remaining games against England.
ICC ODI Rankings: India rewarded after spectacular win over England, leaves Pakistan behind
In the first match of the 3-match ODI series to be played between India and England, India won against England by 10 wickets.India received a big reward for this victory, overtaking Pakistan in the latest ranking published by the ICC. Before the game, the Indian team was fourth with 105 points, but with India’s spectacular victory, the team’s Elo rating has increased by 3 points and now sits in third place with 108 points, leaving Pakistan behind. Pakistan has slipped to fourth place with 106 points.With 126 points, the New Zealand team is still in first place, while the English team is in second place with 122 points.Australia is 5th in this list, South Africa is 6th.The Bangladeshi team is 7th and the Sri Lankan team is 8th.West Indies and Afghanistan are 9th and 10th respectively.Pakistan had it after a clean win over the West Indies in the just made it to third place last month but now India has overtaken it.India can keep their lead until Pakistan play their next game.That being said, if India needs to maintain their lead then they need to win both of their remaining games against England.





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