What is HPC

High-Performance Computing (HPC): Unlocking Computational Power

High-Performance Computing (HPC) refers to the use of advanced computing systems, architectures, and software to solve complex computational problems in various fields, including science, engineering, finance, and more.

Characteristics of HPC

  1. Scalability: Ability to process large amounts of data and scale up to meet increasing computational demands.
  2. Performance: Fast processing speeds, typically measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS).
  3. Parallel Processing: Ability to execute multiple tasks simultaneously, leveraging multiple processors or cores.
  4. Distributed Computing: Breaking down complex problems into smaller tasks, executed across multiple systems or nodes.

HPC Applications

  1. Scientific Research: Climate modeling, molecular dynamics, and genomics.
  2. Engineering: Finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, and structural analysis.
  3. Finance: Risk analysis, portfolio optimization, and high-frequency trading.
  4. Artificial Intelligence: Machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing.
  5. Weather Forecasting: Numerical weather prediction and climate modeling.
  6. Cybersecurity: Cryptanalysis and intrusion detection.

HPC Architectures

  1. Clusters: Groups of interconnected nodes, often using commodity hardware.
  2. Grids: Distributed computing environments, leveraging geographically dispersed resources.
  3. Clouds: On-demand, scalable computing resources, provided by cloud service providers.
  4. Supercomputers: Custom-built, high-performance systems, often used for large-scale simulations.
  5. GPUs: Graphics Processing Units, optimized for parallel processing.

HPC Technologies

  1. MPI (Message Passing Interface): Standard for parallel programming.
  2. OpenMP: API for multi-threaded programming.
  3. CUDA: NVIDIA’s parallel computing platform.
  4. OpenACC: Directive-based programming model.
  5. InfiniBand: High-speed interconnect technology.

Benefits of HPC

  1. Increased Productivity: Faster simulation and analysis times.
  2. Improved Accuracy: Enhanced modeling and simulation capabilities.
  3. Competitive Advantage: Faster time-to-market and better decision-making.
  4. Innovation: Enables research and development in new fields.
  5. Cost Savings: Reduced energy consumption and infrastructure costs.

Challenges in HPC

  1. Scalability: Managing complexity and ensuring scalability.
  2. Power Consumption: Reducing energy consumption and heat generation.
  3. Cooling: Efficient cooling systems to prevent overheating.
  4. Security: Protecting sensitive data and ensuring secure access.
  5. Skill Gap: Addressing the shortage of skilled HPC professionals.

Real-World Examples

  1. NASA’s Pleiades Supercomputer: Simulates complex aerospace phenomena.
  2. IBM’s Watson: AI-powered system for healthcare and finance.
  3. Google’s DeepMind: AI research and development.
  4. Climate Prediction Center: Weather forecasting and climate modeling.
  5. CERN’s Large Hadron Collider: Simulates particle collisions.

Future of HPC

  1. Exascale Computing: Next-generation supercomputing, targeting 1 exaflop performance.
  2. Quantum Computing: Leveraging quantum mechanics for computational advantage.
  3. Artificial Intelligence: Integration of AI and HPC for accelerated insights.
  4. Edge Computing: Distributed computing for real-time analytics.
  5. Cloud-Native HPC: Scalable, on-demand HPC resources.

Conclusion

High-Performance Computing (HPC) plays a vital role in driving innovation and advancements across various industries. As computational demands continue to grow, HPC will remain essential for solving complex problems, accelerating discovery, and transforming industries.

What is VPN

Virtual Private Network (VPN): Enhancing Online Security and Privacy

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection between your device and a VPN server, protecting your online activities from unauthorized access, surveillance, and censorship.

How VPN Works

  1. Your device establishes a connection with a VPN server.
  2. The VPN software encrypts your internet traffic.
  3. The encrypted data is transmitted through the internet.
  4. The VPN server decrypts the data and forwards it to its final destination.

Benefits of Using a VPN

  1. Enhanced Security: Protects against hacking, eavesdropping, and data breaches.
  2. Improved Privacy: Conceals your IP address, location, and online activities.
  3. Access to Restricted Content: Bypasses geo-restrictions and censorship.
  4. Secure Public Wi-Fi: Safeguards against public Wi-Fi vulnerabilities.
  5. Anonymity: Masks your online identity.
  6. Faster Internet: Optimizes internet speed by avoiding ISP throttling.

Types of VPNs

  1. Consumer VPNs: For individual use.
  2. Business VPNs: For organizations and enterprises.
  3. Free VPNs: Limited features, often with ads.
  4. Paid VPNs: Offers advanced features and better performance.

VPN Protocols

  1. OpenVPN: Highly secure and customizable.
  2. PPTP: Fast, but less secure.
  3. L2TP/IPSec: Balanced security and speed.
  4. SSTP: Secure, but limited compatibility.
  5. WireGuard: Modern, fast, and secure.

Key Features to Consider

  1. Encryption: Look for strong encryption methods (AES-256).
  2. Server Locations: Multiple servers worldwide.
  3. Speed: Fast connection speeds.
  4. Logging Policy: No-logs policy.
  5. Customer Support: Reliable support.
  6. Compatibility: Supports various devices and platforms.

Top VPN Providers

  1. ExpressVPN
  2. NordVPN
  3. ProtonVPN
  4. Surfshark
  5. TunnelBear

Common VPN Uses

  1. Streaming: Access geo-restricted content.
  2. Gaming: Reduce lag and improve online gaming.
  3. Remote Work: Securely access company networks.
  4. Travel: Stay secure on public Wi-Fi.
  5. Privacy: Protect online activities from surveillance.

Potential Drawbacks

  1. Slow Speeds: Depending on server distance and protocol.
  2. Cost: Paid VPNs require subscription.
  3. Complexity: Setup and configuration.
  4. Blocking: Some websites block VPN traffic.

Conclusion

A VPN is an essential tool for anyone concerned about online security, privacy, and freedom. By choosing the right VPN provider and understanding its features, you can safeguard your online activities and enjoy a secure and private internet experience.

Important Terms

  1. IP Address: Unique identifier for your device.
  2. Encryption: Scrambling data to protect it.
  3. Tunneling: Creating a secure connection.
  4. Server: Computer hosting VPN software.
  5. Protocol: Set of rules for VPN communication.

Durga Puja 2024

Durga Puja: A Vibrant Celebration of Goddess Durga

Durga Puja, also known as Durgotsav, is a significant Hindu festival celebrated across India, particularly in West Bengal, Assam, and other eastern states. It honors Goddess Durga, the embodiment of feminine power and strength, and her triumph over evil.

Mythological Significance

The festival is rooted in Hindu mythology, specifically the legend of Goddess Durga’s battle against the buffalo-demon Mahishasura. According to the myth, Mahishasura, a powerful demon, threatened the gods and the universe. Goddess Durga, born from the collective energy of the gods, defeated Mahishasura and his army, restoring balance and peace.

Celebrations and Rituals

Durga Puja is a five-day festival, typically celebrated in September or October, corresponding to the Bengali calendar’s Ashvin month.

Day 1: Mahalaya

  • Marks the beginning of Durga Puja
  • Radio broadcasts of Mahalaya recitations, narrating Goddess Durga’s story
  • Devotees visit temples and offer prayers

Day 2-3: Shashthi and Saptami

  • Idol installation and unveiling
  • Rituals, prayers, and offerings to Goddess Durga
  • Cultural programs, music, and dance performances

Day 4: Ashtami

  • Main puja day, with elaborate rituals and offerings
  • Devotees visit pandals (temporary shrines) and offer pushpanjali (flower offerings)

Day 5: Navami and Vijaya Dashami

  • Final rituals and farewell ceremonies
  • Idol immersion in water bodies, symbolizing Goddess Durga’s return to heaven

Pandals and Idol Making

  • Temporary shrines (pandals) are erected, showcasing elaborate decorations and themes
  • Skilled artisans create intricate clay idols of Goddess Durga and her companions

Cultural Significance

Durga Puja is a celebration of:

  1. Feminine power and strength
  2. Victory of good over evil
  3. Community bonding and socializing
  4. Cultural heritage and traditions
  5. Artistic expression and creativity

Traditional Delicacies

  • Bhog: Offerings to Goddess Durga, including sweets, fruits, and savory dishes
  • Bengali cuisine: Special dishes like khichuri, labra, and mishti doi

Regional Variations

Durga Puja is celebrated differently across regions:

  1. West Bengal: Known for its grand pandals and cultural events
  2. Assam: Focuses on traditional rituals and folk performances
  3. Odisha: Emphasizes temple worship and traditional dances
  4. Delhi: Celebrated with processions and cultural events

Conclusion

Durga Puja is a vibrant and meaningful festival that celebrates the triumph of good over evil, feminine power, and community bonding. Its rich cultural heritage, traditional rituals, and artistic expressions make it a unique and unforgettable experience.

Important Dates

  • Mahalaya: Typically in September or October
  • Durga Puja: Five-day celebration, usually in September or October
  • Vijaya Dashami: Tenth day, marking the end of Durga Puja

Key Locations

  • West Bengal (Kolkata, Howrah, etc.)
  • Assam (Guwahati, etc.)
  • Odisha (Bhubaneswar, etc.)
  • Delhi
  • Other eastern Indian states and cities

Festivals in the Month November

November is a vibrant month filled with various festivals and celebrations across different cultures and regions. Here are some significant festivals in November:

Hindu Festivals

  1. Diwali (Dates vary, typically in November): The festival of lights, symbolizing victory over darkness and evil.
  2. Govardhan Puja (1st November): Celebrating Krishna’s victory over Indra, the god of rain.
  3. Bhai Dooj (2nd November): Honoring the bond between brothers and sisters.
  4. Kartik Purnima (Full Moon Day, typically in November): A sacred day for spiritual growth and rituals.
  5. Tulsi Vivah (typically in November): Celebrating the marriage of Lord Vishnu and Tulsi.

Other Important Days

  1. All Saints’ Day (1st November): A Christian holiday honoring saints and martyrs.
  2. All Souls’ Day (2nd November): A Christian holiday commemorating the deceased.
  3. World Vegan Day (1st November): Promoting veganism and animal rights.
  4. National Author’s Day (1st November): Honoring authors and writers.
  5. International Day for Tolerance (16th November): Promoting tolerance and understanding.
  6. World Children’s Day (20th November): Advocating for children’s rights and welfare.
  7. Thanksgiving Day (4th Thursday of November, USA): Expressing gratitude and appreciation.

Islamic Festivals

  1. Mawlid al-Barzanji (Dates vary, typically in November): Celebrating the birth of Prophet Muhammad.

Sikh Festivals

  1. Guru Nanak Jayanti (full moon day, typically in November): Celebrating the birth of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism.

Buddhist Festivals

  1. Loi Krathong (Dates vary, typically in November): A festival of lights, releasing lanterns onto rivers.

Jain Festivals

  1. Kartik Purnima (Full Moon Day, typically in November): A sacred day for spiritual growth and rituals.

Other Cultural Festivals

  1. Day of the Dead (Día de los Muertos) (1st-2nd November, Mexico): Honoring ancestors and loved ones.
  2. Bonfire Night (5th November, UK): Commemorating the Gunpowder Plot.

These festivals showcase the diversity and richness of cultures worldwide, promoting unity, gratitude, and celebration.

Ravidas: A Spiritual Icon and Social Reformer

Ravidas: A Spiritual Icon and Social Reformer

Ravidas, also known as Raidas or Rohidas, was a 15th-century Indian saint, poet, and social reformer. He was born in 1377 CE in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Ravidas is revered for his spiritual teachings, poetic compositions, and tireless efforts to promote social equality and justice.

Early Life and Background

Ravidas was born into a family of leather workers, considered untouchables in the Indian caste system. Despite facing social and economic challenges, Ravidas’s parents encouraged his spiritual pursuits. He was initiated into spirituality by his guru, Ramananda, a renowned Vaishnava saint.

Spiritual Teachings and Philosophy

Ravidas’s teachings emphasized:

  1. Bhakti: Devotional love for the Divine.
  2. Equality: Irrespective of caste, creed, or social status.
  3. Self-realization: Recognizing one’s true nature.
  4. Detachment: Renouncing worldly attachments.

His philosophy was rooted in the Bhakti movement, which sought to bridge the gap between different castes and communities.

Literary Contributions

Ravidas composed over 200 poems, mostly in Hindi and Awadhi languages. His works are included in the Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred scripture of Sikhism. Some notable compositions:

  1. “Banjara”: A poem highlighting the importance of self-realization.
  2. “Miratul Masaud”: A spiritual treatise emphasizing devotion and equality.

Social Reforms

Ravidas challenged social norms and advocated for:

  1. Caste abolition: Rejecting the caste system’s hierarchical structure.
  2. Women’s empowerment: Promoting women’s education and equality.
  3. Untouchability abolition: Fighting against social exclusion.

Influence and Legacy

Ravidas’s teachings and legacy have inspired:

  1. Guru Nanak: The founder of Sikhism, who revered Ravidas as a spiritual guide.
  2. Bhakti movement: Ravidas’s ideas influenced the movement’s emphasis on devotion and equality.
  3. Social reform movements: His ideas continue to inspire contemporary social reformers.

Ravidas Jayanti

Ravidas Jayanti is celebrated on Magh Purnima (February) to commemorate his birth anniversary.

Key Places Associated with Ravidas

  1. Varanasi: His birthplace and spiritual hub.
  2. Guru Ravidas Janmasthan Temple: A temple dedicated to Ravidas in Varanasi.
  3. Ravidas Ghat: A ghat in Varanasi where Ravidas is said to have meditated.

Conclusion

Ravidas’s life and teachings serve as a beacon of hope for a more inclusive and equitable society. His emphasis on devotion, equality, and self-realization continues to inspire generations. As a spiritual icon and social reformer, Ravidas’s legacy remains an integral part of Indian cultural heritage.

Top Ten Exams after 10th Passing

Daily writing prompt
Your life without a computer: what does it look like?
View all responses

After completing 10th grade, students have a variety of options to consider for further education and career paths. Here are the top ten exams and streams that students can pursue after 10th:

Photo by George Dolgikh on Pexels.com

1. Class 11 Board Exams (Science, Commerce, Arts)

  • Overview: Students can choose to enroll in Science, Commerce, or Arts streams. The choice largely depends on their interests and career aspirations.
  • Key Focus: Subjects vary by stream, with Science focusing on Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, Commerce on Business Studies and Accountancy, and Arts on subjects like History and Psychology.

2. National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)

  • Overview: NIOS offers a flexible education system where students can complete their secondary education through open schooling.
  • Key Focus: It is suitable for students who prefer self-paced learning or need to balance other commitments.

3. Diploma Courses

  • Overview: Various technical and vocational diploma courses are available, including Engineering, Hotel Management, and Nursing.
  • Key Focus: These courses provide practical knowledge and skills for specific industries, often requiring an entrance exam.

4. ITI (Industrial Training Institute)

  • Overview: ITI courses focus on technical skills in fields such as electrician, plumbing, and welding.
  • Key Focus: Students learn specific trades, enhancing employability in skilled labor sectors.

5. Joint Entrance Examination (JEE)

  • Overview: JEE is a national-level exam for admission into engineering programs in prestigious institutions like IITs and NITs.
  • Key Focus: It tests students on Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics.

6. National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET)

  • Overview: NEET is the entrance exam for students aiming to pursue undergraduate medical courses (MBBS, BDS).
  • Key Focus: The exam assesses knowledge in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics.

7. Common Entrance Test (CET)

  • Overview: Various states in India conduct CETs for admission into professional courses, including engineering and medical programs.
  • Key Focus: Depending on the state, the CET may cover subjects like Mathematics and Science.

8. Commerce Stream Entrance Exams

  • Overview: For students interested in pursuing Commerce, exams for BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration) programs are available.
  • Key Focus: These exams often assess aptitude in Mathematics, English, and Logical Reasoning.

9. Creative Arts Entrance Exams

  • Overview: Students interested in pursuing Fine Arts, Design, or Performing Arts can take entrance exams specific to these fields.
  • Key Focus: Exams may include practical assessments, portfolios, and interviews.

10. Foreign Language and Vocational Courses

  • Overview: Students can opt for foreign language courses or vocational training that offer specialized skills.
  • Key Focus: These courses enhance language proficiency or provide practical skills for various careers.

Conclusion

Choosing the right path after 10th grade is crucial for a student’s future. It’s important to assess personal interests, strengths, and career goals when considering these options. Each of these exams and courses opens different avenues for higher education and career opportunities.

Review of Deewara (1972)

Deewara (1972)

Deewara is a classic Bollywood film directed by Yash Chopra, released in 1972. The movie stars Sharmila Tagore, Rajesh Khanna, and Hema Malini in lead roles.

Plot

The story revolves around two brothers, Vijay (Rajesh Khanna) and Ravi (Randhir Kapoor), who are separated during their childhood. Vijay grows up to become a smuggler, while Ravi becomes a police officer. Their paths cross when Ravi is assigned to capture Vijay.

Complications arise when Vijay falls in love with Ravi’s love interest, Radha (Hema Malini). Meanwhile, Vijay’s past catches up with him, threatening to destroy his relationships and future.

Themes

Deewara explores themes of:

  1. Family and separation
  2. Love and sacrifice
  3. Crime and redemption
  4. Identity and self-discovery

Music

The film’s soundtrack, composed by R.D. Burman, features iconic songs like:

  1. “Koi Hotaa Jisko Apna”
  2. “Yadoon Ki Barat”
  3. “Deewana Hua Badal”

Awards and Legacy

Deewara was a commercial success and received critical acclaim. It won several awards, including:

  1. Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award (Randhir Kapoor)
  2. Filmfare Best Story Award (Salim-Javed)

Deewara is considered one of Yash Chopra’s best works and a landmark film in Indian cinema.

Cast

  1. Rajesh Khanna as Vijay
  2. Hema Malini as Radha
  3. Sharmila Tagore as Chanda
  4. Randhir Kapoor as Ravi
  5. Balraj Sahni as Advocate
  6. Nirupa Roy as Mother

Production

  1. Director: Yash Chopra
  2. Producer: Gulshan Rai
  3. Screenplay: Salim-Javed
  4. Cinematography: Kay Gee
  5. Music: R.D. Burman

Release

Deewara was released on November 25, 1972, and ran for over 50 weeks, becoming a golden jubilee hit.

Impact

Deewara’s success solidified Rajesh Khanna’s status as a Bollywood superstar and established Yash Chopra as a prominent director. The film’s themes and music continue to influence Indian cinema.

Banaras Hindu University (BHU)

Banaras Hindu University (BHU)

Banaras Hindu University (BHU) is a premier and historic university located in Varanasi, India. Founded in 1916 by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, BHU is one of the largest and most prestigious universities in India.

Key Features of BHU:

  1. Multi-disciplinary education: BHU offers courses in various fields, including arts, science, commerce, engineering, medicine, law, and more.
  2. Research centers: BHU has several research centers focused on various areas of study.
  3. International recognition: BHU is recognized globally for its academic excellence.
  4. Experienced faculty: BHU boasts highly qualified and experienced teachers.
  5. Modern facilities: BHU has state-of-the-art infrastructure, including libraries, computer centers, sports complexes, and more.

Major Departments at BHU:

  1. Faculty of Arts
  2. Faculty of Science
  3. Faculty of Commerce
  4. Faculty of Engineering
  5. Faculty of Medical Sciences
  6. Faculty of Law
  7. Faculty of Education
  8. Faculty of Social Sciences

Popular Courses at BHU:

  1. Bachelor of Arts (BA)
  2. Bachelor of Science (BSc)
  3. Bachelor of Commerce (BCom)
  4. Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech)
  5. Master of Arts (MA)
  6. Master of Science (MSc)
  7. Master of Commerce (MCom)
  8. Master of Technology (M.Tech)
  9. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

Admission Process at BHU:

  1. Online application
  2. Entrance examination
  3. Interview (if required)
  4. Confirmation of admission

Contact Information:

Address: Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005
Phone: +91-542-2368938
Email: info@bhu.ac.in
Website: (link unavailable)

Accreditation and Ranking:

  • Accredited by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) with A++ grade
  • Ranked among top 100 universities globally by Times Higher Education World University Rankings
  • Ranked among top 10 universities in India by National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)

BHU has a long history of academic excellence and has produced many notable alumni who have made significant contributions in their respective fields.

New Education Policy 2020

New Education Policy (NEP) 2020: A Revolutionary Reforms in Indian Education System

The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020, approved by the Union Cabinet on July 29, 2020, aims to transform India’s education system, making it more inclusive, equitable, and vibrant. This comprehensive policy replaces the 34-year-old National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986.

Key Objectives:

  1. Universalization of education from pre-school to secondary level.
  2. Promoting equity, inclusivity, and social justice.
  3. Enhancing quality, relevance, and innovation in education.
  4. Integrating technology to improve learning outcomes.
  5. Fostering research, innovation, and entrepreneurship.

Major Reforms:

School Education:

  1. 5+3+3+4 Structure: Replacing the existing 10+2 structure with a new framework:
    • Foundational Stage (Age 3-8): 5 years of pre-primary and primary education.
    • Preparatory Stage (Age 8-11): 3 years of middle school.
    • Middle Stage (Age 11-14): 3 years of secondary school.
    • Secondary Stage (Age 14-18): 4 years of high school.
  2. No Rigid Separation: Between arts, sciences, and vocational streams.
  3. Multiple Entry/Exit Points: Allowing students to exit and re-enter the education system.

Higher Education:

  1. Multidisciplinary Education: Encouraging institutions to offer diverse programs.
  2. Credit Transfer: Allowing students to transfer credits between institutions.
  3. Autonomy: Granting more autonomy to institutions for innovation and research.
  4. Online and Distance Learning: Expanding online and distance learning opportunities.

Vocational Education:

  1. Integration with School Education: Introducing vocational courses from Class 6.
  2. Industry Partnerships: Collaborating with industries for apprenticeships and training.

Teacher Training and Development:

  1. Continuous Professional Development: Mandatory training for teachers.
  2. Teacher Education: Reforming teacher education programs.

Digital Education:

  1. National Digital Education Platform: Creating a digital infrastructure.
  2. Online Courses: Developing high-quality online courses.

Inclusion and Equity:

  1. Inclusive Education: Ensuring education for all, including differently-abled students.
  2. Scholarships: Increasing scholarships for disadvantaged groups.
  3. Gender Equality: Promoting gender equality in education.

Implementation:

The NEP 2020 will be implemented in phases, with the following timelines:

  1. Short-term (2020-2025): Implementation of structural reforms.
  2. Medium-term (2025-2030): Focus on quality and innovation.
  3. Long-term (2030-2040): Achieving global standards in education.

The New Education Policy 2020 has the potential to revolutionize India’s education system, making it more inclusive, equitable, and relevant to the 21st century.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOTHERHOOD MELODIES: A GLOBAL HARMONY OF LITERARY RESONANCE

Daily writing prompt
What details of your life could you pay more attention to?
View all responses

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOTHERHOOD MELODIES: A GLOBAL HARMONY OF LITERARY RESONANCE

Organised by the

Postgraduate Department of English in association with IQAC, Christ Nagar College

ISBN: 978-93-92181-72-6

Year of Pubication: 2024

Imprint: Eduindex

LINK to Special Issue

Link to order print proceedings https://store.pothi.com/book/dr-anjana-r-b-conference-proceedings-international-conference-motherhood-melodies-global-harmon/

The International Conference on Motherhood Melodies brought together scholars, writers, and practitioners from diverse fields to explore the intricate connections between motherhood and literature. Focusing on the theme “A Global Harmony of Literary Resonance,” this conference aimed to illuminate how literary expressions across cultures reflect and shape maternal experiences, emotions, and narratives.

Panels and Sessions

The conference included a variety of panels and breakout sessions that engaged participants in critical discussions and interactive workshops. Notable topics included:

  • The Role of Memory in Maternal Narratives: Examining how personal and collective memories shape the portrayal of motherhood in literature.
  • Motherhood and Identity: Investigating the intersection of maternal identities with cultural, racial, and socio-economic factors in literary works.
  • The Aesthetic of Care: Exploring how literature represents caregiving as a form of art and emotional labor.

Highlights of the Conference

  1. Interactive Workshops: Attendees participated in workshops that focused on creative writing, storytelling, and the use of narrative techniques to express maternal experiences.
  2. Poster Presentations: Emerging scholars showcased their research through poster presentations, allowing for rich dialogue and networking opportunities.
  3. Cultural Performances: The conference featured performances that celebrated maternal themes through poetry, music, and dance, reinforcing the idea of motherhood as a universal melody.

Conclusion

The International Conference on Motherhood Melodies fostered an environment of intellectual exchange and collaboration. Participants left with a deeper understanding of how literature resonates with the myriad experiences of motherhood, transcending cultural boundaries and inspiring future research.

Acknowledgments

We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all speakers, participants, and volunteers who contributed to the success of this conference. Special thanks to the organizing committee at Christ Nagar College and the IQAC for their unwavering support and dedication.

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya (1916–1968)

Daily writing prompt
What details of your life could you pay more attention to?
View all responses

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya (1916–1968) was an Indian politician, philosopher, economist, and thinker, who played a significant role in shaping the political and ideological framework of modern India. He was a key leader in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (the precursor to the Bharatiya Janata Party, or BJP) and is best known for his formulation of the concept of “Integral Humanism”—a philosophy that sought to define India’s political and socio-economic direction post-independence.

Early Life and Education

Deendayal Upadhyaya was born on September 25, 1916, in the small town of Chandrabhan (now renamed Deendayal Dham) in Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh. His early life was marked by tragedy, as he lost his parents at a young age, and he was raised by his maternal uncle. Despite financial hardships, Upadhyaya was an excellent student, excelling academically. He attended high school in Sikar, Rajasthan, where he earned a scholarship, and later completed his graduation from Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur. He pursued further studies at St. John’s College, Agra.

However, despite excelling academically, Upadhyaya was drawn towards nationalist politics and social work, influenced by the ideas of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist volunteer organization that focused on nation-building and social welfare.

Political Career

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya’s formal political journey began when he joined the RSS in the late 1930s. Deeply committed to the cause of Hindutva (Hindu nationalism), he worked as a full-time “pracharak” (propagator) for the RSS. His dedication to nationalist ideals was evident as he worked tirelessly to expand the influence of the organization in different parts of India.

In 1951, when Syama Prasad Mookerjee founded the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), Deendayal Upadhyaya was one of its key founding members. He became the party’s General Secretary, a post he held for nearly two decades, contributing to the growth of the party. He was instrumental in defining the ideological framework of the Jana Sangh, emphasizing a vision of India rooted in its indigenous culture, values, and self-reliance.

Integral Humanism

The most important contribution of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya to Indian political thought is his doctrine of “Integral Humanism” (Ekatma Manav Darshan). Delivered as a series of lectures in 1965, Integral Humanism was proposed as an alternative to both Western capitalism and socialism. According to Upadhyaya, both these systems were incompatible with Indian culture and failed to meet the holistic needs of human beings.

Core principles of Integral Humanism:

  1. Holistic Development of Human Beings: Upadhyaya believed that human development must address both material and spiritual needs. Western ideologies focused too much on material prosperity, neglecting the spiritual and cultural aspects of human life.
  2. Socio-Economic Model Based on Indian Traditions: Upadhyaya advocated for an economic model rooted in Indian values, emphasizing decentralized governance and self-reliance (Swadeshi). He was against the blind adoption of Western economic policies and called for a system that balanced economic growth with ethical living.
  3. Harmony between Individual and Society: He stressed that individual aspirations should align with the well-being of society as a whole. He argued for a balance between individual rights and societal duties, avoiding both excessive state control and extreme individualism.
  4. Focus on Indigenous Solutions: Upadhyaya’s vision was fundamentally based on the cultural and spiritual ethos of India. He believed that India must evolve a political and economic system that is not an imitation of the West but instead arises from its own traditions, culture, and spiritual heritage.

Integral Humanism continues to serve as the ideological foundation of the BJP today, which sees it as a guiding principle for national development and governance.

Political Leadership and Influence

Deendayal Upadhyaya’s leadership in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh was marked by his focus on organizational discipline and ideological clarity. Although he was not a mass leader like some of his contemporaries, his influence lay in his intellectual contributions and behind-the-scenes work in strengthening the party structure. He became the President of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh in 1967, but his tenure was tragically short-lived due to his untimely death.

Despite the challenges faced by the Jana Sangh in competing with larger political entities like the Congress, Upadhyaya’s vision helped solidify the party’s role as the voice of Hindu nationalism and cultural conservatism in Indian politics. His emphasis on a politics of ethics, discipline, and indigenous values resonated with many, laying the groundwork for the later rise of the BJP.

Mysterious Death

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya’s life was cut short under mysterious circumstances. On February 11, 1968, his body was found near the railway tracks in Mughal Sarai (now Deendayal Upadhyaya Junction) under suspicious circumstances. The circumstances of his death remain unclear to this day, leading to various theories and speculations. His untimely death was a great loss to Indian politics, as many believe he had much more to offer in terms of thought leadership and political guidance.

Legacy

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya’s legacy lives on through the political ideology he helped shape. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which emerged from the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, regards him as a key figure in its ideological foundation. His thoughts on Integral Humanism continue to influence Indian politics, particularly in the realm of governance, self-reliance, and national identity.

Several institutions, programs, and initiatives have been named in his honor, reflecting the continued relevance of his ideas. The government of India, especially under the leadership of BJP, has launched numerous schemes bearing his name, including Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana (for poverty alleviation) and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (for rural employment).

Conclusion

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya was a thinker and politician who left an indelible mark on Indian political thought through his advocacy of a distinctive Indian philosophy, Integral Humanism. His ideas continue to inspire contemporary political discourse in India, especially within the Hindutva movement and the broader framework of Indian governance. His focus on the integration of material and spiritual development, as well as the promotion of an indigenous economic and political system, makes him a key figure in the intellectual history of modern India.

Track Your Transport App to Tackle Key Challenges in Logistics

Daily writing prompt
What details of your life could you pay more attention to?
View all responses

NICDC Logistics Data Services Ltd. (NLDSL) announces the launch of Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP) Hackathon 2.0, a competitive event aimed at fostering innovation and developing digital solutions to tackle pressing challenges in the logistics industry. The Hackathon was officially launched at an event held under the chairmanship of Shri Rajeev Singh Thakur, Additional Secretary, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), at Vanijya Bhawan.

The launch event witnessed more than 1800 attendees joining the kick-off physically and virtually, reflecting widespread industry interest in the initiative. Hackathon 2.0 marks a significant step in leveraging innovation and technology to reshape and streamline India’s logistics and supply chain sector.

Building on the success of ULIP Hackathon 1.0, which resulted in the development of cutting-edge solutions, Hackathon 2.0 invites developers, start-ups, and industry players to come together once again. The focus of this year’s hackathon is on addressing key logistics challenges such as sustainability, complex supply chain processes, unified documentation, and multimodal logistics optimization.

Speaking on the occasion, Shri Rajeev Singh Thakur, said, “We are excited to launch ULIP Hackathon 2.0, an initiative that fosters creativity, problem-solving, and collaboration. With the tremendous success of Hackathon 1.0, we are confident that this year’s event will generate even more innovative solutions to shape the future of India’s logistics ecosystem.”

As part of its ongoing commitment to transforming the logistics sector, NLDSL also announced the launch of the Track Your Transport (TYT) application powered by ULIP. This app is designed to empower small-scale transporters and traders by addressing various facets of logistics management, from providing tracking of cargo via all modes to verification of vehicles and drivers.  TYT eliminates the need for heavy IT infrastructure investments, making it a cost-effective and user-friendly tool for the unorganized sector.

Shri Rajat Kumar Saini, CEO & MD, NICDC and Chairman, NLDSL highlighted that the TYT app is a key milestone in their efforts to bring digital empowerment to small traders and transporters. He stated, “The app provides the tools necessary to enhance operational efficiency and visibility, ensuring that small players can compete on a level playing field with the rest of the industry.” 

Track Your Transport app can be accessed via the web at http://www.trackyourtransport.in or downloaded through Android, iOS, and Digital India App Stores.

About ULIP:

ULIP is a digital gateway that allows industry players to access logistics-related datasets from various Government systems through API-based integration. Currently, the platform integrates with 37 systems from 10 ministries via 118 APIs, covering over 1800 data fields. Private sector participation in ULIP has been instrumental in amplifying its impact, with over 1000 companies registered on the ULIP portal (www.goulip.in). Additionally, these companies have developed over 100 applications, leading to more than 54 crore API transactions.

About NLDSL:

NICDC Logistics Data Services Ltd. (NLDSL) has been at the forefront of transforming India’s logistics sector through its innovative solutions like Logistics Data Bank (LDB) and ULIP. By leveraging advanced technology, NLDSL has enhanced efficiency, transparency, and digitization within the industry.

The company was established on December 30, 2015, with the primary objective of harnessing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to enhance efficiency in the Indian logistics sector. It is a joint venture between Government of India represented by National Industrial Corridor Development and Implementation Trust (NICDIT) and Japanese IT major NEC Corporation.

***

Satyanarayanamma's Sanitation Success in Ponnapalli

Satyanarayanamma’s Sanitation Success in Ponnapalli
A fisherwoman’s efforts transformed her community in line with Swachh Bharat’s vision
(Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs)
September 24, 2024
In the heart of Narsapur town, Andhra Pradesh, lies Ponnapalli ward, a community once defined
by vulnerability and the prevalence of open defecation. A large slum population with limited
access to basic sanitation services had accepted open defecation as the norm. Yet, amidst this
environment, one woman, Satyanarayanamma, refused to accept the status quo. A fisherwoman
and mother of two, Satyanarayanamma, who is differently abled due to polio, became a force
of change in her community. Her personal experience with the illness made her deeply aware
of the importance of sanitation, driving her to make a difference not only for her family but for
the entire ward.
Satyanarayanamma’s journey
started when she joined the
Gender Forum, a local NGO
dedicated to raising awareness
about sanitation and hygiene
among women. 

Alongside
other Forum members, she led
discussions on menstrual
hygiene, toilet usage, and
hand washing, working
tirelessly to engage her
neighbours in the battle for a
cleaner, healthier
environment. Initially, it was
very difficult to convince the
local community to adopt safe
sanitation practices and
maintain personal hygiene.
However, with local women
like Satyanarayanamma
leading the charge, the effort
slowly began to gain
momentum. Their sanitation audits and discussions on faecal sludge management and genderfriendly services helped address specific concerns, empowering the community to take charge.
Thanks to their tireless work, Ponnapalli ward achieved Open Defecation Free (ODF) status, a
milestone for the town and an enduring testament to the power of grassroots mobilization.
This transformation coincides with the national Swabhav Swachhata Sanskaar Swachhata
(4S) campaign, launched to mark the 10th anniversary of the Swachh Bharat Mission. Running
from September 17 to October 2, 2024, the campaign highlights India’s ongoing efforts to foster
a culture of cleanliness and sanitation, echoing the goals of the annual Swachhata Hi Seva
movement. As the country builds up to Swachh Bharat Diwas on Mahatma Gandhi’s birth
anniversary, the stories of communities like Ponnapalli stand as powerful symbols of what can
be achieved when citizens unite for a common cause. The 4S campaign is not just about
maintaining cleanliness but instilling a sense of responsibility and pride in sanitation practices,
much like what Satyanarayanamma and her fellow women achieved in their ward.
The broader impact of the Swachh Bharat Mission is evident in its tiered achievements. As of
September 24, 2024, 4,576 cities across India are Open Defecation Free (ODF), meaning they
have successfully eliminated the practice of open defecation. Additionally, 3,913 cities have
achieved ODF+ status, indicating not only the elimination of open defecation but also sustained
toilet usage and proper maintenance of public and community toilets. Furthermore, 1,429 cities
have reached ODF++ status, showcasing advanced management of faecal sludge and septage,
ensuring efficient waste treatment.
In rural areas, the mission has also made significant strides, with 5,54,150 villages achieving
ODF Plus status, which indicates improved sanitation facilities and practices. Among these,
3,00,368 villages have been recognized as ODF Plus Model Villages, setting benchmarks for
others. Additionally, 1,30,238 villages have been verified as ODF Plus Model Verified Villages,
ensuring that they meet the stringent criteria for sustainable sanitation practices.
These numbers are more than just statistics; they represent lives transformed, healthier
communities, and the collective determination of individuals like Satyanarayanamma. Her
work in Ponnapalli ward mirrors the mission’s vision of a cleaner, healthier India, a vision that
continues to inspire change across the nation.
As the Swachh Bharat Mission enters its second decade, the success of the 4S campaign
promises to build on these achievements, ensuring that communities like Ponnapalli are not
just ODF but also equipped with the knowledge and resources to maintain their cleanliness and
hygiene for generations to come. Behind these impressive statistics are stories like
Satyanarayanamma’s—individual efforts that ignite collective action. The Swachh Bharat
Mission didn’t just build toilets; it reshaped mindsets. Satyanarayanamma’s journey shows that
true transformation goes beyond infrastructure—it’s about changing how people perceive and
practice sanitation. Her story is a reminder that sustainable change happens when communities
take ownership, fostering not only cleanliness but also a lasting sense of responsibility for their
health and environment.
References:
• https://sbmurban.org/storage/app/media/stories-of-change.pdf
• https://sbmurban.org/
• https://sbm.gov.in/sbmgdashboard/statesdashboard.aspx
Santosh Kumar/ Sarla Meena/ Sheetal Angral/ Ritu Kataria/ Saurabh Kalia

Workshop on Institutional Development Plan for Higher Education Institutes and releases UGC Compendium of Regulations (1957-2023)

Daily writing prompt
What details of your life could you pay more attention to?
View all responses

Union Minister for Education, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, inaugurated a one-day workshop on the Institutional Development Plan for Higher Education Institutes. He also released the UGC Compendium of Regulations (1957-2023) as a single, accessible & reliable source of all UGC rules. Shri Sanjay Murthy, Secretary, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education; Dr. N.S. Kalsi, Former Chairman, NCVET and Chairman of the Committee working on formulating the IDP Guidelines; Shri M. Jagadesh Kumar, Chairman, UGC; Vice-Chancellors, Nodal Officers, and other dignitaries were also present at the event.

Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, while addressing the audience said the Higher education Institutes of the country will play a crucial role in realising the vision of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi of Viksit Bharat by embracing the core values and spirit of NEP 2020.

Image

He also talked about the role of the HEIs in redefining the purpose and structure of education, empowering youth and making them future-ready, doubling the gross enrolment ratio, bringing a vast majority of the population under the higher education net, effectively utilising demographic advantage, achieving academic, research & innovation excellence and also the way forward for transforming 5000 HEIs into centres-of-excellence through holistic and inclusive approaches.

Shri Pradhan also said that education will propel India from being a consuming economy to becoming a producing economy. The institutional development plan should focus on enhancing the competencies of our vast demography, facilitating learner-centric and multidisciplinary education, integrating Bharatiya Bhasha in higher learning, prioritising innovation, entrepreneurship and job-creation as an outcome, capacity building of teachers and achieving the global standard of research & development, he added.

He also said that education must address 21st-century aspirations and create solutions for local and global challenges. The world looks at India’s talent pool for new models and solutions to challenges of our age, he stated He exhorted the academic fraternity to work in a focused and time-bound manner to reinvent their institutions, transforming the higher educational landscape and achieving national priorities.

Speaking on the relevance and importance of the workshop Shri K. Sanjay Murthy elaborated on the ambitious plan the Ministry of Education had presented to the Prime Minister as part of the social group with the vision for the next twenty-five years. Talent and competency would be needed to back up the tremendous work that would take place and the institutions must rise to the demand to meet the talent requirements, he added. He also emphasized the Future of Work and that the IDP must focus on enhancing the quality of the institutes. Introduction of the IDP will also help the institutes to be at par with the universities of the world, he said.

About the Workshop:

The workshop on Institutional Development Plan (IDP) brings together higher education institutions to discuss strategies for institutional growth and development. The compendium will serve as a valuable resource for institutions as they develop and implement their IDP. Over 170 representatives from HEIs across India are participating in this workshop. Aligning with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the IDP provides institutions with a clear roadmap to develop their vision, mission and goals for a future-ready education system.

Through the two thematic sessions, the participants will have the opportunity to learn about governance enablers, financial planning and management, human resources and supportive-facilitative enablers, networking and collaboration enablers, physical enablers, digital enablers, and research and intellectual property enablers, innovative funding models, and curriculum development. Renowned experts from industry, academia, and government will share their insights and experiences on these critical areas.

In each session, different universities will share their best practices for creating their IDP. In a separate Q&A session, Chairman UGC, Former Chairman, NCVET and the speakers from the Panels will address the queries of the participants.

About UGC Compendium:

To provide a single source of reference to all the stakeholders, UGC has prepared a Compendium of all UGC Regulations, Rules and Notifications from 1957-2023. The compendium includes 15 Rules, 87 Regulations, and 28 Notifications covering a wide range of topics, including inspection, the fitness of institutions for grants, return of information, budget and accounts, establishments, affiliation, autonomy, accreditation, admission & fees, specification of degrees, and other miscellaneous matters. The compendium provides a one-stop reference for all regulatory requirements, ensuring that institutions can easily access and comply with UGC guidelines. This is expected to streamline operations and support informed decision-making, creating an environment of compliance and best practices. This compendium having more than 1100 pages, is available in the form of a PDF and e-book on the UGC website.

About IDP:

Institutional Development Plan (IDP) Guidelines were launched by UGC on 6th February 2024. The IDP Guidelines will help institutions make a strategic Institutional Development Plan with the joint participation of Board members, institutional leaders, faculty, students and staff based on which institutions will develop initiatives, assess their progress, and reach the goals set therein.

Visit: https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/1713699_IDP-Guidelines.pdf

*****

Special Book Publication Offer: Publish Your eBook for Just $50 with EduPub

EduPub is excited to present an exclusive offer for authors! For a limited time, you can publish your eBook for only $50. Whether you’re an academic, researcher, novelist, or a first-time writer, this is the perfect opportunity to share your work with the world.

What’s Included in the $50 Offer:

  • Professional Formatting: Your manuscript will be professionally formatted for digital platforms.
  • ISBN Assignment: Get a unique ISBN for your eBook, ensuring it is recognized globally.
  • Global Distribution: Your eBook will be available on leading platforms such as Amazon, Google Play, and other major online stores.
  • Author-Friendly Rights: You retain full copyright ownership of your work.
  • Dedicated Support: Our team will guide you through the entire publishing process, ensuring a smooth and hassle-free experience.

Why Choose EduPub?

EduPub is a trusted name in academic and professional publishing. We are committed to providing high-quality services at affordable rates, making publishing accessible to all authors.

Take advantage of this special offer and make your mark as an author. Submit your manuscript today and reach a global audience with your eBook!

For more details, visit EduPub or contact us directly at support@edupub.org.

Hurry! This offer is available for a limited time only.