The case Ivory traders & manufacturers association VS Union of India

 THE CASE IVORY TRADERS & MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION VS UNION OF INDIA

INTRODUCTION

This case is based on the trading of ivory which is illegal. Basically the meaning of ivory is teeth of elephant. It is used for making the ornaments and other articles. And we know that it is banned because the trading of ivory is illegal. The animals get harm due to this. It is found tusks of the elephant. The case Ivory traders & manufacturers association VS Union of India, (AIR 1997 DEL 267) is based on the trading of the ivory.

  • According to article 48A of the Constitution of India: “protection and improvement and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.
  • The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.

NAMES OF JUDGES

The bench of:-

 The Hon’ble CJ Mr. M Jagannadha Rao

The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Anil Dev

 The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Manmohan Singh

FACTS OF THE CASE  

  • The petitioners are dealers and artisans in ivory carry on the and trade in ivory including the manufacture of articles which are derived from ivory lawfully imported in India prior to be ban.
  • They import the parts of his stock of mammoth ivory from Russia and parts of it from Hong Kong for the purposes of the business.
  • Ivory derived from mammoth, extinct species of wild animal and ivory derived from elephants. As the mammoth and elephants both are different from each other.
  • This case is totally based on environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife. The State shall protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
  • Four countries are involved in this trading these are India, Russia, Hong Kong and china.
  • The court reasoned that the amendment act explicitly bans the use of ivory for commercial use: “no person can commence or carry on business as a dealer in ivory imported into India or articles made, there from, or as manufacturers of such articles”. The court puts special emphasis on the words ivory imported into India as being designed deliberately. The intention is to cover all descriptions of ivory, including from mammoth.
  • Therefore, they plead that they are persons affected by amendment act.
  • The cannot even retain the possession and control of the ivory lawfully imported by them and articles made or derived there from as the same has been made an offence U/S 51 of act read with section 49 c (2). They say that the ban is unreasonable, unfair and arbitrary.

IMPORTANT ARGUMENTS ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER

  • First of all the restriction is unreasonable unfair and arbitrary and violates the fundamental rights of the petitioner under article 14 and 19 (1) (g) of Constitution of India.
  • As per the amendment act extinguishes the title of the petitioners over the imported ivory lawfully required by them and articles made there from without making any provisions for compensation thereof.
  • The petitioners trade only in imported fossil ivory and articles manufactured there from.
  • The mammoth imported from abroad and actually the act does not deal with this kind of ivory at all.
  • The act only covers elephant ivory articles made there from. That the elephant ivory and mammoth ivory are of different types and can be distinguished from each other.

IMPORTANT ARGUMENTS ON BEHALF OF DEFENDANT

  • That the impugned legislation was enacted to provide protection to the wildlife and it must be viewed in that perspective.
  • That the necessity of population and conservation of wildlife is essential for the very existence of human life.
  • There is an illegal killing of the India elephants for the ivory.
  • Due to this wildlife of our country is also depleting. We have to control this depletion and we have to take strict steps to control all these things.
  • As I have discussed above about the depletion of wildlife this is all because of human activities. As the initiative is taken by the government. Is they constructed the wildlife sanctuaries and the national parks to only save the animals and our wildlife also.
  • The human beings are exploiting animals because of the rise of money in the products of wild animals. The trade of ivory was banned in 1986 in India. And the opportunity is left with traders to dispose of the stock.

JUDGEMENT

It needs to be noticed that the Amendment Act 44 of 1991 has been enacted to carry out the mandate of the directive principles as enshrined in Article 48-A. The State has the power to completely prohibit a trade or business which has an adverse impact on the preservation of species of wild life which are on the verge of extinction both because it is inherently dangerous practice to destroy such animals in terms of ecology and also because of the directive principles contained in Article 48A of the Constitution. When the Legislature prohibits a pernicious, noxious or a dangerous trade or business it is in recognition of society’s right of self protection. Act 44 of 1991 inserted Clause (I a) in Section 49-B (1) (a) in the principal Act. As per it- ‘No person can commence or carry on business as a dealer in ivory imported into India or articles made, there from, or as manufacturer of such articles.’ It is also noteworthy that Sub-clause (I a) uses the words ‘ivory imported into India’. These words have been designedly and deliberately used by the Legislature. The legislation intended to cover all descriptions of ivory imported into India including mammoth ivory to prevent Indian ivory from entering into the market under the pretext of mammoth ivory or African ivory. Once the mammoth ivory is shaped into an article or curio, it looks exactly like an article made from elephant ivory which was said on the basis of the articles shown in Court. The respondent in its affidavit has also expressed the same difficulty in distinguishing. Also when a buyer intends to buy a curio, he is not interested to know whether it was created from elephant ivory or mammoth ivory as an average buyer also does not have the expertise or the knowledge to distinguish between article made from mammoth ivory and Indian ivory and buys it purely on aesthetic considerations or as a statue symbol. To give permission to trade in Articles made from mammoth ivory would result in laundering of Indian ivory — a result which the legislation wants to prevent for the reasons already explained above.

CONCLUSION

No citizen has fundamental rights to trade in ivory or ivory articles. Article 14 of Constitution of India is violative unreasonable, unfairness and arbitrariness. The petitioners have no fundamental right to carry on a trade or business in exhibiting or traders of animals covered by the impugned notification is prevention of unnecessary pain and suffering to animals. We have to conserve our environments. The ivory trade in India and provide a safe and protected environment for the Indian elephant.

India’s first Covid patient again tested positive

She was a student from Kerala’s Thrissur enrolled at a medical college in China, who was the first Indian to test positive for Covid-19 in January 2020 after returning to India following the outbreak of the pandemic, has been infected again, a health official said on Tuesday.

Thrissur district medical officer K J Reena said” she has been she tested positive and under quarantine at her home. None of the family members have tested positive so far”.

The student was found to have been reinfected after she was retested as she planned to travel to Delhi. Her family said she is showing no visible symptoms and that she has also been administered the first Covid-19 vaccine dose.

The student, who has been unable to return to China as Beijing is yet to allow Indian students back into the country because of the pandemic, spent almost a month in hospital while undergoing treatment for Covid-19 in 2020. Her friends also tested positive who was travelled with her from Wuhan.

She spent 24 days at an isolated ward from January 27 to February 20, wearing personal protective equipment. She said her medical background helped her overcome the trauma.

The Real Santa Claus

Santa Claus—otherwise known as Saint Nicholas or Kris Kringle—has a long history steeped in Christmas traditions. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red who brings toys to good girls and boys on Christmas Eve, but his story stretches all the way back to the 3rd century, when Saint Nicholas walked the earth and became the patron saint of children. Find out more about the history of Santa Claus from his earliest origins to the shopping mall Santas of today, and discover how two New Yorkers—Clement Clark Moore and Thomas Nast—were major influences on the Santa Claus millions of children wait for each Christmas Eve.

 

The Legend of St. Nicholas: The Real Santa Claus

The legend of Santa Claus can be traced back hundreds of years to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 A.D. in Patara, near Myra in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his piety and kindness, St. Nicholas became the subject of many legends. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. One of the best-known St. Nicholas stories is the time he saved three poor sisters from being sold into slavery or prostitution by their father by providing them with a dowry so that they could be married. 

Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day is celebrated on the anniversary of his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to saasget married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe. Even after the Protestant Reformation, when the veneration of saints began to be discouraged, St. Nicholas maintained a positive reputation, especially in Holland.

Sinter Klaas Comes to New York

St. Nicholas made his first inroads into American popular culture towards the end of the 18th century. In December 1773, and again in 1774, a New York newspaper reported that groups of Dutch families had gathered to honor the anniversary of his death.

The name Santa Claus evolved from Nick’s Dutch nickname, Sinter Klaas, a shortened form of Sint Nikolaas (Dutch for Saint Nicholas). In 1804, John Pintard, a member of the New York Historical Society, distributed woodcuts of St. Nicholas at the society’s annual meeting. The background of the engraving contains now-familiar Santa images including stockings filled with toys and fruit hung over a fireplace. In 1809, Washington Irving helped to popularize the Sinter Klaas stories when he referred to St. Nicholas as the patron saint of New York in his book, The History of New York. As his prominence grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a “rascal” with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a “huge pair of Flemish trunk hose.”

‘Twas the Night Before Christmas

In 1822, Clement Clarke Moore, an Episcopal minister, wrote a long Christmas poem for his three daughters entitled “An Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas,” more popularly known as “‘Twas The Night Before Christmas.” Moore’s poem, which he was initially hesitant to publish due to the frivolous nature of its subject, is largely responsible for our modern image of Santa Claus as a “right jolly old elf” with a portly figure and the supernatural ability to ascend a chimney with a mere nod of his head! Although some of Moore’s imagery was probably borrowed from other sources, his poem helped popularize the now-familiar image of a Santa Claus who flew from house to house on Christmas Eve in “a miniature sleigh” led by eight flying reindeer to leave presents for deserving children. “An Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas” created a new and immediately popular American icon.

In 1881, political cartoonist Thomas Nast drew on Moore’s poem to create the first likeness that matches our modern image of Santa Claus. His cartoon, which appeared in Harper’s Weekly, depicted Santa as a rotund, cheerful man with a full, white beard, holding a sack laden with toys for lucky children. It is Nast who gave Santa his bright red suit trimmed with white fur, North Pole workshop, elves and his wife, Mrs. Claus

Santa Claus Around The World 

18th-century America’s Santa Claus was not the only St. Nicholas-inspired gift-giver to make an appearance at Christmastime. There are similar figures and Christmas traditions around the world. Christkind or Kris Kringle was believed to deliver presents to well-behaved Swiss and German children. Meaning “Christ child,” Christkind is an angel-like figure often accompanied by St. Nicholas on his holiday missions. In Scandinavia, a jolly elf named Jultomten was thought to deliver gifts in a sleigh drawn by goats. English legend explains that Father Christmas visits each home on Christmas Eve to fill children’s stockings with holiday treats. Père Noël is responsible for filling the shoes of French children. In Italy, there is a story of a woman called La Befana, a kindly witch who rides a broomstick down the chimneys of Italian homes to deliver toys into the stockings of lucky children.

ALL ABOUT CHESS

History of Chess

The origin of chess is something that is debated and there is not really a consensus on its origin or even the history of chess, from the old to the present.

Some say that versions of chess and its board date back from Ancient Egypt or Dynastic China, but its most supported origin is that it first appeared in India around the 6th century, at that time it would have the name of Chaturanga.

Over time, it eventually reached Persia and its name eventually changed, being now called Xatranje, probably having other rules as well.

It eventually spread throughout Europe slowly and it took about 500 years for Xatranje to begin to look more like the chess we know today.

In the yoer of 1475 began to be consolidated with the current rules and its name also eventually changed to chess but it still took a few hundred years for Europe to play with the most modern pieces and rules as well.

In the middle of the nineteenth century began to appear tournaments and chess competitions, thus giving rise to a sport, which was always dominated by the same players and had World champions who maintained their reign for long periods, 20 / 30 years for example.

Chess game

The game of Chess aims to give the “mate” in the king of the opponent player. This happens in the following situations:

  • The king can not move to any house (they are all in the attack line of the opponent’s pieces);
  • No part can stand in front and protect the King;
  • The piece you are attacking cannot be captured;

If any of these conditions arise, then the “mate” or “checkmate” will occur and the game ends, winning the player who applied the “mate”.

Board and Chess Pieces

The chessboard is composed of squares of white and black color (8 squares of length on each side), being these always alternating.

The pieces also have the same colors and each color corresponds to the pieces of a player.

The board should be positioned so the last house on the right side of the row closest to each player is a white square.

The game of chess consists of the following pieces:

  • Pawn
  • Tower
  • Horse
  • Queen
  • Bishop
  • Rei

The pieces have their own order to be placed on the board (Follow the positions that are represented in the image);

Please note: The position of the King and Queen changes depending on the player, following the rule:

White King – Black House
Black King – White House
White Queen – White House
Black Queen – Black House

Who starts playing is always the player who owns the white pieces.

Chess Moves / Plays

Each piece has its unique way of moving around on the board, which enables a very large number of patterns and strategies, making chess a strategy sport and more interesting.

The possible plays per house piece are:

Pawn
This can only just move forward (no more part has this rule), being that it can only advance 1 home in front, or 2 if it has never been tweaked. It is also the only one that moves differently when it is to take the opponent’s piece, and he can only take the piece that is diagonally forward.

Tower
The tower has a fairly simple movement. It can move forward, backward, left or right in a straight line across the entire board as long as it has the path without any part.

Horse
The horse is the one that has the most unique movement. It can only move in L. format. This means that you can only walk two houses forward and one to the side at each move. This piece can already make your move jumping over other pieces (it’s the only one with this rule).

Bishop
The bishop has a movement similar to that of the Tower, only the latter, instead of moving in a straight line, moves diagonally, and can not pass over any part either.

Queen
This is considered the most powerful piece of Chess, this due to its versatility of movements since it can make the same movements of the Tower and the Bishop.

Rei
The King can move 1 each in all directions. The only restriction that this has is not being able to go to a house that is “check” (in the line of attack) by some part of the opponent.

Special moves

There are certain moves that can be made under special circumstances that make this magnificent game even more interesting and competitive. The special plays that exist are:

Pedestrian Promotion

When you can get one of your pawns to reach the end of the board (on the first line of the opponent), the pawn must be replaced by another piece (being a bishop, tower, queen, or horse), and is usually chosen the queen since it is the most powerful piece of the game.

Roque

It consists of a movement between the king and the queen, who change positions at the same time, in an attempt to defend the king by taking it from the center of the board and move the tower to a better position of attack.

In this movement, the king moves toward the tower two houses and the tower moves to the king’s side passing over him. There are two rocks: the small and the large, the only difference being its designation. The big rock is when the rock is made with the tower farthest from the king and the small is the opposite.

To make this move, certain conditions must be met:

  • The king could not have moved;
  • The tower can not have been moved;
  • The way between the tower and the king must be clean;
  • The king can not stand in a position that is in the line of attack of the enemy;

Passing

This is a special way for the pawn to move and can take the opponent’s pawn that passed next to him when he is in the 5 row counting from his field. Observe the images to better understand the move.

For this move there are also special conditions, which are:

  • Your pawn should be in the 5 row
  • The pawn of the opponent has advanced two houses and thus have stayed next to his;
  • The bid must be made immediately to the movement of your opponent;

Some Chess Rules

Chess also has some rules. Let’s just highlight the main rules that are usually addressed.

  • When a player lifts a piece, it may place it anywhere that is valid for the movement of that piece. After landing the piece cannot be removed, only if it has made an invalid movement.
  • When promoting a pawn, the player can touch a piece that is outside the board and change for his pawn, thus finishing the move;
  • During the Roque the player must first take the King and then in the Tower thus making their exchange of positions. If you touch both at the same time you can do it. If this one raises the King with the intention to make the Roque but this is impossible, then it must move the King to a valid house.
  • Players must not speak during the game, only when asking for a tie or advising the referee of any infraction. In games between amateurs it is common to announce the “check” but among professionals, the same should not be announced.

Online education

Due to corona it has been full of online classes even for 1st standard children just to make parents pay the fees even though there is no use of those classes when i say no uses students logging into the classes and they are enjoying , sleeping , eating , so there is no point in having classes for students under 8th standard. But there are many professional courses which are more useful for students now lets see about effectiveness of online education

As with most teaching methods, online learning also has its own set of positives and negatives. Decoding and understanding these positives and negatives will help institutes in creating strategies for more efficient delivery of the lessons, ensuring an uninterrupted learning journey for the students.

Advantages

Online learning offers teachers an efficient way to deliver lessons to students. Online learning has a number of tools such as videos, PDFs, podcasts, and teachers can use all these tools as part of their lesson plans. It allows students to attend classes from any location of their choice. It also allows schools to reach out to a more extensive network of students, instead of being restricted by geographical boundaries. All the course or study materials are available online, thus creating a paperless learning environment which is more affordable, while also being beneficial to the environment. Since online classes can be taken from home or location of choice, there are fewer chances of students missing out on lessons. Every student has a different learning journey and a different learning style. Some students are visual learners, while some students prefer to learn through audio. Similarly, some students thrive in the classroom, and other students are solo learners who get distracted by large groups. The online learning system, with its range of options and resources, can be personalized in many ways. It is the best way to create a perfect learning environment suited to the needs of each student.

Disadvantage

For many students, one of the biggest challenges of online learning is the struggle with focusing on the screen for long periods of time. With online learning, there is also a greater chance for students to be easily distracted by social media or other sites. Another key challenge of online classes is internet connectivity. While internet penetration has grown in leaps and bounds over the past few years, in smaller cities and towns, a consistent connection with decent speed is a problem. Without a consistent internet connection for students or teachers, there can be a lack of continuity in learning for the child. This is detrimental to the education process. Students can learn a lot from being in the company of their peers. However, in an online class, there are minimal physical interactions between students and teachers. This often results in a sense of isolation for the students. Online learning requires teachers to have a basic understanding of using digital forms of learning. However, this is not the case always. Very often, teachers have a very basic understanding of technology. Sometimes, they don’t even have the necessary resources and tools to conducts online classes. Many parents are concerned about the health hazards of having their children spend so many hours staring at a screen. This increase in screen time is one of the biggest concerns and disadvantages of online learning. Sometimes students also develop bad posture and other physical problems due to staying hunched in front of a screen. 

Crime against women on internet

Garima, is a 16 year old girl , brought new phone . She uploaded some of her pictures on social media . Now a guy started stocking her profile . He took some screenshots of her pictures , and morphed them all with nudes  . He sent those nudes to garima and started blackmailing her for sending money . Now what will she do next about this cyber extortion. There are thousands of garima over there who are suffering from same situations .

Acoording to national crime bureau , internet is being used by 71 cr people , among which , 25 cr are women. In this portion of population, 80% of people are being victimized to cyber crimes and 63% of people don’t know where to lodge complaints on cyber crimes.

Cybercrime, are known as computer crime, the use of a computer as an instrument to further illegal ends, such as committing fraud, trafficking in child pornography and intellectual property, stealing identities, or violating privacy. 

                     Manish Kathuria was stalking Ms. Ritu Kohli by illegally chatting on the web site, http://www.mirc.com using her name; and used obscene and vulgur language . He gave the details of her residence and telephone number . Also invited people to chat with her on the phone. As a result, Ms. Ritu Kohli was getting obscene calls from various states of India and abroad, and people were talking dirty with her. She logged FIR in police statio . The police registered her case under Section 509 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 for outraging the modesty of Ritu Kohli. But Section 509 refers only to a word, a gesture or an act intended to insult modesty of a woman. So this was a 1st case of staking under information Technology act. 

In information technology act 2000 , some cyber  crimes against women , were described. Which are mentioned below

1. Harassment vie email           

2. Cyber Defamation

3.Morphing

4. Email Spoofing

5. Hacking

6. Cyber Pornography

7. Cyber Sexual Defamation

8. Cyber Flirting

9. Cyber bulling

  • Punishment for harassment vie email Harassment vie email is 3 years , acoording to section 354D ( criminal law amendment act 2013 )
  • Email Spooning ; Section 66 of the Information Technology Act 2000 mentioned the punishment for cheating by personation by suing a communication device or other electronic devices. It is an offence punishable with up to three years imprisonment and fine up to Rs one lakh ruppe under IT act .section 415 and Section 416 of the Indian Penal Code also deals with this. It’s a Cheating by personation entails cheating by pretending to be the some other person or representing himself to be a person that he is not. The law explains that cheating by personation is committed by those individual who personates himself as the real person.
  • For cyber defamation, Section 67 of the IT Act 2000 provides for punishment to whoever transmits or publishes or causes to be published or transmitted any material which is obscene in electronic form with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years and with fine which may extend to 25k on first conviction .
  • In the case of morphing , an accused can be punished under section 67 A of IT ACT 2002 , as well as violator can be punished under section 441 of Indian Penal code for criminal trespass, under Section 290 for committing public nuisance and under Section 292 A for printing or publishing grossly indecent or scurrilous matter or matter intended to blackmail and under Section 501 of Indian Penal Code for defamation.
  • Cyber Pornography, law related to pornography has been mentioned under section 292 of the Indian Penal code. It deals with the offence of obscenity. In addition Section 354 A of the Indian Penal Code was inserted in the year 2013 dealing with the offence of sexual harassment and also includes a man showing pornographic material to a woman against her will. The punishment under the Information technology act is more stringent in which the offence is punishable with imprisonment up to five years and fine up to Rs ten lakh for subsequent conviction.

More frequently this tech is growing

Much severely cyber crimes are prevailing

This violation of cyber laws can be stopped only by spreading awareness angaisnt the wrong and deceitful use of technology, and by making the punishment more deterrent. Victim in this situation face more mental anguish . This incident can easily destroy the confidence of a woman for her whole life .Technically, web is for learning new ideas and for providing relevant information. This should be used accordingly.

ORGANIC FOOD

HEALTY FOOD

This article of mine will fill you with the knowledge of how mare the method of growing a vegetable, grains, fruits, leads you to good health, & how those grains will fill you with energy. Every one have heard of the slogan, “ EAT ORGANIC , STAY FIT” , but do you know how these organic foods or grains are grown ? Organic food is grown without the use of synthetic chemicals, such as human-made pesticides and fertilizers, and does not contain genetically modified organisms (GMOs). They are free from man made pesticides & fertilizers & hence leads to good heath.

Organic refers to the way farmers grow and process agricultural products. Practices vary worldwide; however, organic foods are generally grown without synthetic pesticides, fertilizers or routine use of antibiotics or growth hormones. Organic farming supports biodiversity by choosing appropriate species of plant & animal. Farmers use crop rotation technique , this is a technique in which different types of crops are grown over different seasons on the very same land , it helps in controlling soil erosion & maintaining soil fertility.

I think you all will love to know the benefits of organic food , after all all of us are interested in living a healthy life . some of the core benefits of organic food are :

Organic food have no pesticides , hence its free from harmful chemicals.

organic food is often fresher because no preservatives are used & that is what makes it last longer than usual grains.

When it comes to meat and milk, organic products can have about 50% more omega-3 fatty acids, a type of unsaturated healthy fat, than conventionally produced products , which is good for health .

Last I would like to conclude , Organic products are more expensive than conventional ones, and whether they’re really worth the extra cost is certainly a matter of choice. “If you can afford all organic, that’s fantastic, but it’s not feasible for most people,” , but just to inform you all , those extra money which you will spend on organic food will be worth for , specially to you health.

BEST PROFESSION IN THIS WORLD

Profession is not only about salaries Or what amount of money we invest in it.  Yes the other professions are equally important.

But if you ask me, the best profession is that of a mother. It is a job which is extremely challenging and difficult to learn and master.

Although often this job is underrated and overlooked.

A mother is someone who binds all the corners of the house and it’s people. Mothers are entrusted, and are almost totally responsible for the health, care, training, morals, security, emotional strengths, attitudes, social understanding discipline, and success of their children.

Mothers are required to possess the knowledge, practice the skills, and perform the duties of so many different life functions. They are so many in number that it is impossible to even list them.

According to me, there is no school or college that trains you to become a successful mother. Other professions like attorneys, medical doctors, and dentists, must attend anywhere from six-to-ten years of additional education after high school to be qualified to begin their profession.

Mothers are far more qualified and far more valuable producers than they, or the business world realizes. Therefore every mother of this world should receive the love that she deserves. They should be highly respected and cared.

Honestly speaking, my world revolves around my mother.

Third wave of covid-19 knocking at our doorstep

While mass vaccination drive is going on around the whole globe,news of emergence of Third wave of coronavirus have started to surface. WHO (world Health organisation) have also warned about the third wave in Europe. Cases recorded in this wave are of ‘Delta-variant’ of coronavirus.

Second wave of coronavirus caught us all off-guard and hit us hard and many lives were lost and there was a State of panic amongst us all for few months, due to this wave of coronavirus. After, passing of this second wave, people flocked the hill stations and flouted covid norms.
Even, in markets people are walking without masks and not taking necessary precautions.

Tourists in Manali

Alarmed by this situation government of India have warned the citizens about this 3rd wave. Lav Agarwal, Joint Secretary, Health Ministry, on Tuesday said that the third wave of Covid-19 may be caused due to the gross violation of covid appropriate behavior. He told that :

We would like to request to everyone- when we talk about the third wave (of COVID-19), we are taking it as a weather update and not understanding its seriousness and our responsibilities associated with it

Lav Agarwal (joint secretary, Health ministry, GOI)

According to union health ministry data on Tuesday there were 32,906 new cases of Covid-19 and 2020 related fatalities, which pushed the overall tally to 30,905,819 and the death toll to 410,784.

Markets are open and govt offices and school’s are running with 50% capacity, but the way in which common people are violating the covid-19 precaution guidelines, day is not far when we’ll have to pay for this type of behaviour. If situation remains like this, then the government in order to control the spread may impose lockdowns and come up with strict measures.

Hill Stations will be there,if we’ll be safe,then we can visit there later on. We need to learn from our mistakes commited during the second wave of pandemic and try not to repeat them this time.


Government is preparing on its behalf to face up with the inevitable third wave of pandemic. We all as a responsible citizen should adhere with the government guidelines and take precautions,then we can defeat this pandemic.

Top 10 Musical Countries In The World

When we explore the musical industry every country in the world is about different culture, articulation, creation and meaning of music which make it stand out from others and make more fun, starting with this list of most musical countries of world, the first is:

1.THE UNITED KINGDOM:

The country has been a great producer and source of musical creation, with its artistic base from history of the United Kingdom, from church music, western culture with ancient and traditional folk music.

In 20th century, musicians from the UK became dominant in musical culture, which led to explosion of POP and ROCK music acts. Hence, the UK has become one of the world’s largest music industries today, with many British artists influencing the modern music.

Each country as mentioned above has different form of folk music:

English Folk Music

Northern Irish Music

Scottish Folk Music

Welsh Folk Music

Popular form of music from the UK includes: English Folk, Jazz, Rapping, Hip-Hop, Pop, Rock, British Folk Rock, Drum and Bass, Heavy Metal.

With that the UK has given us the most famous Music Artist we have at present and we’ve been listening to them from very beginning: The Beatles, Queen, The Who, The Rolling Stones, Pink Floyd, David Brownie and so many more.

2. THE UNITED STATES:

Music here reflects the country’s multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. It is influenced by music mixture from that of West African, Irish and Scottish.

The United States’ music is heard by people all over the world and they love it. In 17th Century, after Native American played their first music, immigrants from different countries of the UK, Ireland, Germany bought their own musical instruments and African slaves bought in their own musical tradition.

The US also had documented folk music and recorded popular music in ethnic styles of Ukrainian, Irish, Scottish and Jewish among other communities.

Popular music genres of the US includes: Blues and Gospel, Jazz, R&B, Rock, Metal, Punk, Techno and Latin American Music.

Popular Artists: Eminem, Taylor Swift, Rihanna, Madonna, Beyonce, Bob Dylan and so many more.

3. GERMANY:

Germany comes up as a largest music market in Europe and third in the list of world music industry.

German classical is most performed in world, including Pop Rock, Punk, Disco and Indie. German Electronic music gained global influence along with Electro and Techno scene being internationally popular.

Germany hosts large rock musical festivals annually. One of them is: Rock am Ring Festival, the largest in world. Since 1990, Berlin has developed a diverse music and entertainment industry.

Coming to Classical Music, Germany is the largest in its development. They host the largest Classical Summer Music Festival: Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival.

Classical Music of Germany includes:

Chorale (Vibrant and Energetic)

Opera

Baroque Period

Classical Era

Romantic Era

Apart from this included the Folk and English Popular music from Germany which are great hit among the people of world.

4. IRELAND:

Irish music has been created in various genres in Ireland. The indigenous music is known as Irish Traditional Music which has been vibrant for ages despite globalizing cultural forces. Even after influencing from all the music from Britain, The US and other cultures, Irish music has kept its influence and has impact on modern rock music.

Some of the fusion artists have attained mainstream success.

Irish has produced Traditional music, popular modern music, Folk music and Classical Music.

Popular genres developed there were: Pop, Rock, Techno, Rock and Roll, Fusion music.

Famous Artists: Westlife, Van Morrison, Boyzone and the Cranberries.

5. INDIA:

Music of India stands 5th in the list of world musical countries, including all genres classical, folk, Indian rock and Indian pop. Music here began as an integral part of socio-religious life.

Indian Music has numerous genres:

Classical Music- Hindustani and Carnatic Music (Dhrupad, Dhamar, Sadra, Raga, Tala, Pallavi)

Light Classical- Thumri, Sangeet, Qawwali, Ghazal

Folk Music- Which is different from different states of India because of diverse culture

Then we have Indian Pop, Rock and Metal, Indian Rock, Raga Rock, Jazz and Blues.

6. MEXICO:

The music culture here is diverse and is a mixture of musical genres and performances styles and influence majorly by culture of indigenous people of Mexico and Europe.

They have wide classification of music starting from:

Traditional Music which is majorly divided in two forms- By musical form and styles –Corrido, Mexican Danzon, Mexican Bolero and By types of ensembles- Banda, Mariachi and Marimba.

Popular Folk Music had Grupera influenced by the styles of cumbia, norteno and reached heights of popularity in rural areas.

Popular Music had genres like Pop, Rock, Latin Alternative, Mexican Ska, Electronic.

Whereas Art Music includes Operas, Classical and Jazz which makes Mexican music culture rich of different forms and artistic editions.

7. ITALY:

Italian music is a traditional marker of Italian national culture and ethnic identity, which holds important position in society and politics. Music innovation- harmony, notation and theatre- helped in development of Opera.

Italian folk music is an important part of musical heritage of country and includes diverse arrays of styles, dance and instruments.

Characteristics of the music majorly revolved around- Society and Politics.

Classical Music included- Ballet, Sacred and Instrumental Music, Experimental Music

Folk music had deep and complex history depending on regions, songs, dance and instrumentation.

Popular music consisted of: Modern Pop, modern dance, imported styles.

Along with rich music culture, Italy hosts a lot of large music festivals – Sanremo Music festival being one of those.

8. SWEDEN:

Music of Sweden shares a touch of Nordic folk Dance with its neighboring Northern Europe Countries. The instrumental genre is the biggest in Swedish Traditional music.

Swedish music also included more modern pop and modern influences. Sweden is one of the world’s most successful exporters of popular music.

Classical music included Choral genre.

Modern music again had- Jazz, Pop, Bubblegum dance, hip-hop, rock, punk rock and heavy metal.

Progressive and Jazz-rock music along with electronic gained much popularity from the country.

9. JAPAN:

They have wide array of performers from traditional and modern music. Japan is the largest physical music market in world. Traditional music here differs a lot from the western music.

Traditional and Folk Music- Minyo – which had 4 categories- Work, Religious, Gatherings and Child songs

Okinawan Folk music- dance songs, celebratory music.

Western music consisted of traditional pop music, western classic and orchestras.

Popular music came with Jazz, Idol music, dance and disco music, rock and heavy metal along with Theme music, game music, noise music.

10. AUSTRIA:

Slavic and Hungarian forms influenced the Austrian Music culture. Yodeling, was a form of singing involving the rapid and repeated changes of registers, was called ‘juchizn’ by Austrians.

Then with upcoming technologies came the development of Rock and Pop music in Austria and they started hosting annual music festival show casing European Music Arts.

Why make reading A habit?

“A person lives a single life, but a reader lives multiple lives”. A quote that inspired me to get into reading. How do you define reading? Well, Wikipedia defines it as “A process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch”. But is that all a habitual reader goes through? Obviously not. This is just a definition that describes the generalized view. If you call a bibliophile to describe reading, He or she may say ” Reading is a journey, an experience filled with all the emotions and knowledge”.

Reading is not only for experience, But there are many benefits of making reading a habit:

it empowers your brain

Many researches have shown that reading involves a complex process in your brain. There are complex networks in brain which strengthen through reading. It keeps you mentally stimulated. Reading is an exercise to your brain. And these exercises will make you smarter. Reading improves brains connectivity.

it gives new ideas

Reading helps in detecting patterns, solving puzzles and problems. You are actively thinking while reading. This will arise new ideas to the problems you were having trouble to solve or it may show a new approach to the same. You may get situations in life where references from the books you have read will guide you or solve your problem.

it helps you to write better

When you read a good book, which is well written and executed, brain absorbs that technique. reading multiple types will increase your skill. These skills you acquired while reading, that technique you appreciated when you noticed it will unknowingly show up in your writing. This will increase the quality of your writing.

it influences your world view

While reading you are thinking using the writers mind. He will provide a new view to a same situation. Good things that you accumulated during reading process will reflect in your opinions. They influence and improve the way you approach the world. It broadens your perspective and makes you question and reexamine your beliefs and judgements.

reading increases your knowledge

When you love a specific genre or a type of book, you effortlessly gain all the knowledge given within the book. This will make you smarter effortlessly. Books will have information about history, economics, science, culture, customs and what not. You will get all of these information without taking courses in colleges.

reading reduces stress

When you read a good book, it will help you reduce all your stress either from work or from personnel issues. Many researches have also proven the same. Reading can ease tension in your muscles. It is like a mini break but without taking a break!

reading improve vocabulary

Reading more and more will introduce you to more and more new words. Unknowingly these words make their way in your daily vocabulary improving your language skill. A person with good conversational skill is preferred everywhere and a good vocabulary will increase your confidence also. This will definitely help in having a good career.

If all these things are not motivating you to read, here is another fact. Bill gates, one of the worlds richest man takes a braked named “Think break” where he isolates from the other distractions of the world and just reads to have new ideas. He takes this break twice a year and you don’t need a proof to show how they end up.

Melting of Ice Pole

It’s not exactly news that Greenland and Antarctica are shedding ice at record rates.

But in 2016, an eyebrow-raising idea ricocheted through the scientific community: It was possible, the authors said, that a warmer planet could push the towering ice cliffs at the fringes of the Antarctic ice sheet to essentially self-destruct, collapsing like a set of dominoes.

What was extra shocking was just how fast the ice could retreat under this runaway scenario, leading to about three feet of sea level rise fed from Antarctica alone by 2100—much faster than previous estimates, which generally proposed increases of only a few centimeters by the end of the century.

But two new pieces of research, published Wednesday in Nature, suggest a more measured retreat is likely in the coming decades. Both studies revise the estimates of just how much sea levels will rise by 2100 downward, suggesting that Antarctica could contribute somewhere between about three to 16 inches to the world’s oceans under the “worst case” scenarios.

Adding that to the other components that make up sea level rise—how the ocean expands as it warms (which will likely add about 10 inches), the melt from mountain glaciers (about six inches), and changes to the amount of water stored in lakes and rivers on land (one and a half inches), and the total is still a daunting number somewhere between just under two- to over three- foot range.

That is in no way a get-out-of-jail-free card, say the authors of both studies. It’s still an enormous amount of extra water that could slosh up onto coasts, enough to debilitate cities from Boston to Shanghai. But the most drastic impacts of sea-level rise, they say, are likely to kick in only after the turn of the century, giving communities around the world more time to adapt.

What’s more, changes to the ice sheets in both Greenland and Antarctica could also trigger planet-wide shifts in temperature, ocean circulation, and many other parts of the climate system, says says Nick Golledge, a climate scientist at the Antarctic Research Center of the University of Victoria, Wellington, and the lead author of one of the studies.

“The sea-level estimates maybe aren’t as bad as we thought, but the climate predictions are worse,” says Golledge.

What happens in the Antarctic…

In a separate analysis, the team led by Golledge found that their ice sheet model could match the modern and Last Interglacial records well—also without MICI. Warm water soaking the base of the ice sheets, they found, was enough to force key parts of the ice sheet to melt away.

They used that model to predict how the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets will speed up their melting in the coming decades. If the world continues to burn greenhouse gases unabated, following the worst-case scenario, the authors predict that the two ice sheets will add about 10 inches to the world’s oceans by 2100.

That number is similar to what the IPCC projected for the “worst case scenario” in their last comprehensive report in 2013, predicting about nine inches of sea level rise from Greenland and Antarctica. It is smaller than the number predicted by the 2016 study, which said that Antarctica alone might feed more than three feet of sea level rise into the oceans by 2100.

The sea level rise estimates may be lower, but the overall picture of how melting ice sheets will affect climate is grim.

Golledge and his colleagues also attached their ice sheet model to a global climate model, in order to see how the impacts of ice melting at the poles would influence climate and oceans in farflung parts of the world (in the past, ice sheet models have traditionally been run separately, primarily because computers haven’t been powerful enough to link them together).

Changes in the ice sheets, they found, could influence global climate profoundly—slowing down major ocean circulation pathways, skewing air temperatures around the world, and somewhat surprisingly, making climate more variable from year to year.

“What happens in the Antarctic does not stay in the Antarctic, and that’s what they show very clearly,” says Pattyn.

The impacts are already leaking out of the poles. “We’re living in a time when, even in the last few years, we have seen extreme weather events become even more and more common,” says Golledge. “Dealing with steady warming is easier, in many ways. But if things are just unpredictable and extremely variable from year to year—well, that’s a much harder problem for society to solve.”

Basic yoga poses.

[Bhoomika Saini]

The more you practice yoga, the more you’re building awareness in your body, The biggest thing to do as a beginner is to start and then stay consistent with your practice, remember that practice makes progress.

1. Mountain Pose (Tadasana)

top 10 yoga poses for begineers

This pose teaches one to stand with majestic steadiness like a mountain. The word ‘Tada’ means a mountain, that’s where the name comes from .Mountain Pose is the base for all standing poses; It involves the major groups of muscles and improves focus and concentration. Mountain pose may seem like “simply standing,” but there is a lot going on.

How to do it

  • Stand with your toes together and heels slightly apart hang your arms besides the torso.
  • Spread your toes and place your weight evenly on your feet. Firm your thigh muscles while rotating them inwards Relax your shoulders and roll them back and down.
  • As you inhale, elongate your torso and when you exhale release your shoulder blades away from your head. You may also put your hands in prayer position in front of your chest, or rest them by your sides.
  • Take long, slow, deep breaths in

Beginner’s Tip

You can check your alignment by standing against the wall initially. You can even raise your hands and stretch them. Breathe easy.

2. Tree Pose (Vrksasana)

Tree Pose

Tree is an awesome standing balance for beginners to work on to gain focus and clarity, and learn to breathe while standing and keeping the body balanced on one foot. . It replicates the steady stance of a tree.

How to do it

  • Start with your feet together and place your right foot on your inner left upper thigh. Press your hands in prayer and find a spot in front of you that you can hold in a steady gaze.
  • Hold and breathe for 8-10 breaths then change sides. Make sure you don’t lean in to the standing leg and keep your core engaged and shoulders relaxed.

Beginner’s Tip

You can stand with your back braced against a wall if you feel unsteady in this pose.

3. Triangle (Trikonasana)

Triangle Pose

Triangle is a wonderful standing posture to stretch the sides of the waist, open up the lungs, strengthen the legs and tone the entire body.Triangle Pose is the essential standing pose in many styles of yoga.

How to do it

  • Stand with your feet wide apart. Stretch your right foot out (90 degrees) while keeping the leg closer to the torso. Keep your feet pressed against the ground and balance your weight equally on both feet.
  • Inhale and as you exhale Rest your right hand on your shin, ankle, or the floor outside your right foot, Stretch your left arm toward the ceiling.
  • Turn your gaze up to the top hand and stay in this pose for 5-8 breaths. Inhale to come up and repeat on the opposite side.

Beginner’s Tip

Place your back heel or the back of your torso against a wall if you feel unsteady in the pose.

4. Warrior I (Virabhadrasana I)

Warrior I or Virabhadrasana I

Warrior pose is quintessential for building strength and stamina in a yoga practice. It give us confidence and stretch the hips and thighs while building strength in the entire lower body and core.

How to do it

  • Stand in Tadasana (Mountain Pose). With an exhale, step or lightly jump your feet apart. Raise your arms perpendicular to the floor (and parallel to each other)
  • Turn your left foot in 45 to 60 degrees to the right and your right foot out 90 degrees to the right. Align the right heel with the left heel. Exhale and rotate your torso to the right.
  • With your left heel firmly on the floor, exhale and bend your right knee over the right ankle so the shin is perpendicular to the floor.
  • To come up, inhale, press the back heel firmly into the floor and reach up through the arms, straightening the right knee. Turn the feet forward and release the arms with an exhalation. Take a few breaths, then turn the feet to the left and repeat for the same length.

Beginner’s Tip

When your are bending the front knee As a beginner you have a tendency to tilt the pelvis forward.You must lift the pubis up toward the navel and lengthen the tail toward the floor.

5. Downward-Facing Dog (Adho Mukha Svanasana)

Downward-Facing Dog or Adho Mukha Svanasana

Downward Dog is used in most yoga practices and yoga classes and it stretches and strengthens the entire body. It may be the first pose you learn as you begin a yoga practice. It acts as a transitional pose and can be a resting position.

How to do it

  • Come onto the floor on your hands and knees. With your hands slightly forward of your shoulders and knees below your hips. Spread your hands wide and press your index finger and thumb into your mat.
  • Exhale and lift your knees away from the floor lift the butt toward the ceiling. Straighten your legs as much as you can and press your heels gently toward the floor.
  • Your head should be between your arms, facing your knees, and your backs should be flat.
  • Hold for 5-10 breaths.

Beginner’s Tip

If you have difficulty releasing and opening your shoulders in this pose, raise your hands off the floor on a pair of blocks or the seat of a metal folding chair.

Snakes As Pet, Pros and Cons.

brown and black snake

In terms of the snake species that do observe pets (such as corn snakes and ball pythons), what a snake has got to offer is this: they will become habituated to handling and tolerate it well. They’re pleasing to handle. They’re beautiful in color/pattern. They’re interesting to observe once they explore and eat. They’re extremely low-maintenance if found out correctly. They’re silent and may cause no damage to a home.

Pro: they’re really cool! Literally and figuratively

Con: cold blooded animals need a continuing heat source if you do not sleep in a tropical climate.

Pro: they’re relatively low maintenance compared to other pets, so no having to steer it or train it, celebrate birthdays, etc.

Con: they do not have much to supply within the way of companionship or connection. Best you’ll hope for may be a little snuggle time 🙂

Pro: you will not have many visitors over to your house once they determine you own a snake. (Psst… most of the people hate them.)

Con: you’ll be single, if not already.

Pro: tons of them are pretty hardy and may live a few years .

Con: you’ll got to find a Vet that treats reptiles – not always easy.

Pro: Snake housing is simplistic but you’ll get as creative as you wish if you actually want to spoil the small fella.

Con: The day you forget to latch the enclosure properly, snake are going to be on the loose and should never be seen again. Trust me on this 😦

Pro: They eat rodents

Con: They eat rodents.

if you would like one as a pet, knowing full well that they do not wish to be constantly handled (it causes them stress, that — regardless of how nicely you decorate their vivarium — they’re going to presumably spend the bulk of their time curled in their hide, which you ought to never use it as a standing symbol (not only does that damage their already negative reputation but it are often considered a sort of intimidation if you carry one arounf your body call at public), then maybe you’ll be considered right for a snake.

MSD a captain for life

Ms dhoni is the guy who pulled me towards cricket. I’m out of adjectives to describe this man. He is the one who injected energy into t20 cricket. He is the epitome of success having achieved more than success. He has got the magic in him to attract even his haters through lofted dip shots. His debut , golden duck with a run out. That run out brought his emotions. His still known last match against the kiwis in the semis , again run short off inches, which brought the entire nation’s emotions. He isn’t like other cricketers he doesn’t play for us he only plays for the nation. He hasn’t taken a brake from
cricket and has only taken break.