NARCO-TERRORISM DANGER IN INDIA

The theory of narco-terrorism stems from the realization that the two phenomena of drugs trafficking, and terrorism are inextricably linked, and that, as a result, a coordinated anti-drug and anti-terror policy can and must be employed to effectively combat both threats. Because of its nefarious partnership with terrorist groups, narcotic trafficking, which began as an organized cross-border crime, has now evolved into a menace to nation states.

Although it has been known for decades that there is a relationship between the drugs trade and terrorist organizations, as suggested by the name narco-terrorism, the international focus on terrorism after September 11, 2001, has intensified the attention given to the issue of narco-terrorism.

The Golden Crescent is the world’s greatest illegal opium production. In 1999, Afghanistan and Pakistan alone accounted for over 6000 metric tonnes of total illegal output. Because of this high-level production, narco-terrorism is increasingly linked to the reigns of central and southeast Asia. India being the southern part of Asia is concerned because these narcotics are a key source of money for Pakistani-sponsored terrorism in our nation. Also, India is the sole licit provider of opium to the international pharmaceutical sector, with an annual export income of roughly Rupees 209 crores in 1999. The economy of the Pak-Afghan border is based on poppy and cannabis cultivation. The drug money is being smuggled into the Indian money market in an unorganized but methodical way because of which financial institutions suffer.

Because of illicit drug trafficking from Afghanistan and Pakistan poses a threat to India’s polity and economy. This issue requires serious attention from policymakers and law enforcement organizations before it is too late to intervene. Similar contention was also made by India’s home minister, Amit shah. He recently visited the National Forensic Sciences University (NFSU) in Gandhinagar to unveil the Centre of Excellence for Research and Analysis of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, which was established during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s term as Chief Minister of the State of Gujrat. There he announced that India now faces the threat of narco-terror because of the rise of narcotics where drug traffickers and peddlers use drug money to promote their unlawful and disruptive operations. So to tackle this ongoing issue the Government has determined that narcotics would not be let into the nation, and that India will not be used as a transit point. He also mentioned that It is critical to put an end to this threat.

Talking about the inauguration he said that this Centre was chosen to be connected to Gujarat’s Forensic Science University when the government was constituted for the second time under Prime Minister Narendra Modi because to appreciate the university’s outstanding services, the union government had designated it as a national center of excellence. He further added that the administration emphasized the need of using scientific techniques to conduct faster and more effective criminal investigations. Therefore, Forensic science will play a significant part in this. He also commended the forensic science institution for its contributions to criminal investigations into cyber and drug-related crimes.

Individualism versus Collectivism

Individualism stresses individual goals and the rights of the individual person. Collectivism focuses on group goals, what is best for the collective group, and personal relationships.

An individualist is motivated by personal rewards and benefits. Individualist people set personal goals and objectives based on self. Individualistic workers are very comfortable working alone and not part of a team.

The collectivist is motivated by group goals. Collectivistic people easily sacrifice individual benefit to recognize and strive for the team’s success. They believe maintaining social harmony, getting along with others, and meeting social expectations that have been set up by society over centuries.

In simple words, people from individualist cultures consider themselves as separate from others while people from collectivist cultures consider themselves connected to others.

In general, European and Western nations tend to be individualists while Asian and African typically collectivists.

This classification is common in education systems too. Taking an example, in USA schools and colleges you will almost never find group projects or assignments given to the students. Almost all of it will be individual work. But if we see in countries like India, most student assignments are group work based.

One big misconception is that individualism means a person is introverted and collectivism means a person is extroverted. This is in fact, wrong. A person from an individualist society can be extroverted and a person from a collectivist society can be introverted. This is because the two things are in no way related. While introverts enjoy being alone or with a small group of friends, an individualist person is self-reliant in doing their work. This individualist can do their assigned work all by themselves and then socialize with lots of people.

Everyone falls somewhere on the individualist-collectivist spectrum. Even within a very collectivist culture, you will find people who are more individualist. Research has shown that people shift along this spectrum, leaning more collectivist or individualist depending on the situation. This is most common in countries and societies that don’t limit themselves to one form of culture and are open to both and practice the two on different occasions.

Recently, to find the answer to the most important question of the hour, “Why did COVID-19 hit some countries harder than others?”, a research was conducted. They found that the more individualistic a country was, the more COVID-19 cases and mortalities it had. They also found out that the more individualistic people were, the higher the chances they would not cooperate to take COVID prevention measures. Therefore, we can see here that although both cultures have its pros and cons, when it comes to the current circumstances that our world is in, it is important that we think of ourselves as part of society and prevent taking any personal action that could possibly harm others.

Foods Rich In Antioxidants

Antioxidants are substances that prevent cell damage due to free radicals. It delays the oxidation rate.

Antioxidants help to maintain weight and proper vision. Supports immune system and improves mental health.

Free radicals cause chronic diseases like cancer, heart diseases, aging diseases. If free radicals are not efficiently removed, body does not function well.

Chewing tobacco, smoking, pollution, stress and radiation are some of the factors that excessively produce free radicals.

Antioxidants include well known enzymes and substances like Vitamin C, Vitamin E that counter damaging effects of oxidation.

Antioxidants can be natural or artificial. Food products like vegetable oils and prepared foods contain antioxidants to avoid reduction from the action of air. Fruits and vegetables have Vitamin C and E that are known to be effective antioxidants.

Foods Rich in Antioxidants –

Vegetables

Vegetables like broccoli, carrot, beetroot, avocados, radish, potatoes are all high in antioxidants. These vegetables have Vitamin C and E.

Green, leafy vegetables have excellent number of antioxidants. Green, leafy vegetables have more antioxidants compared to other vegetables.

Artichokes recommended to be included in a diet as it has nutrients and antioxidants for a good heart and liver. It is seen that boiling artichokes produces good antioxidant levels.

Red cabbage contains Vitamin C, A and K. It prevents cancer, helps reduce inflammation and maintains weight.

Fruits

Guava, mangoes, peaches, oranges, papaya, figs are all packed with vitamins. These fruits are highly recommended as they are rich in antioxidants.

Berries are well known for foods with vitamins and minerals. Usually, berries are consumed through bakery goods or salads. Raspberries and strawberries are both healthy foods for regulating high cholesterol levels.

Another health benefit of raspberry is that it is highly effective in case of breast cancer.

Nuts

Nuts are also known to have a lot of nutritional value. Nuts like macadamia, almond, cashews, hazelnuts should be part of your diet. You can start your morning with oatmeal and cereals to give your breakfast a healthy twist.

Pecans have high level of antioxidants and minerals. Eating pecans on a daily basis reduces risk of high cholesterol and increases blood levels.

Herbs and spices

Paprika, coriander, onions, ginger, garlic, cinnamon, cardamom are recommended for healthy diet.

Herbs like oregano, basil, tarragon contribute a punch of flavor to the meal and also have high antioxidant.

Dry Fruits

Dry fruits are quick and healthy snack. Can be carried easily anywhere you go. They are said to be rich in antioxidants as much as fruits. Raisins, plums, peaches can have added sugars so such dried fruits with added sugar should be avoided as it results in weight gain and high sugar levels. You should add dry fruits to your everyday meal.

Dark Chocolate

Chocolate is loved by children and adults. So, while eating chocolate make sure you eat dark chocolate, because it has impressive amount of antioxidant. It helps to reduce the risk of heart diseases and is beneficial for people with high blood pressure. High blood pressure is commonly found among people these days. The chances of high blood pressure can be decreased by consuming dark chocolate. It promotes good cholesterol in the body.

For a healthy body, one should include these foods that have high health benefits. Antioxidants are required by a body to reduce risks of potential chronic diseases and subsidize production of free radicals. All these foods are good source of antioxidants.

AB De Villiers, The Superman of cricket

Very few people who have played this game can match the genius of AB De Villiers. He is a modern master of this game and has innumerable records to his name. Usually known for his 360 degree shots which got him the name Mr.360, he can tear any bowling attack apart when he is in a flow. His presence alone is enough to strike fear in the hearts of opponents. Born on 17th of February 1984 in a small town in South Africa, he is known all over the world as an ambassador for unorthodox shots. There isn’t any shot that he cannot play.

International Career

Having represented his country, South Africa for 14 years, he has won many matches for them and chased victory from the jaws of defeat. A clean striker of the ball, he has played various sports while growing up but decided to take up cricket. Result, 20,000+ runs 40+ centuries and countless breathtaking feats which mere mortals cannot achieve. He along with Hashim Amla, Faf duplessis and Quinton Dekock form a world class batting order which is almost impenetrable.

However, the tour that shot him to fame was the Australia tour in 2012 where he played a match saving knock along with the debutant Faf Duplessis. In the very next match, he scored a match winning hundred and won the test series. He ended his career with 8000+ runs in test at an average of over 50 and including 22 hundreds. He has an ordinary record in tests but has an unbelievable record in ODIs. Scoring over 9000 runs at an average of 53 and a strike rate of 101 is not an ordinary feat.

He has 25 hundreds to his name, all of which have been scored over a strike rate of 100. He holds the record for the fastest 50,100 and 150 in ODIs, all of which have been scored against West Indies. He also has impressive records against all the teams he played. Though his T20I record is not impressive, he managed to score 1600+ runs at a strike rate of 130 with 11 50s. His wide range of shots and his consistency has got him a chance to play various T20 leagues across the globe.

IPL through years

Getting a chance to play in the inaugural edition of the IPL through Delhi Daredevils, he hasn’t played an impressive part in his first season. However with the tournament being shifted to South Africa in the next edition, he got a chance to play all the matches and has scored over 400 runs including a hundred on Chennai Super Kings. He was in and out of the team frequently in the third edition and eventually was released from the squad.

The Bangalore based franchise, RCB bought him as a lower order batsman and he continued to impress them by chipping valuable runs down the order. Later, his promotion up the order worked wonders for the team. He along with the King, Virat Kohli won many matches on their own. On field, he is a live wire. His acrobatic fielding, agility and the way he strikes the ball has earned him a nickname of “Superman”. Even after retirement from international cricket, he is continuing to enthrall the spectators wherever he plays.

IDENTIFYING HUMAN REMAIN USING DNA TECHNOLOGYBACKGROUND

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. Ever since this technology has paved its way it started
revolutionizing each and every possible field from the food medicines research and a lot more.
Every single individual has different genetic sequence and thus different DNA which is the
reason why this technology is used. The advent of DNA technology proved to be very
beneficial in the field of forensic science not only for providing criminal justice , determining
the parent of the child but also finding a missing person or even identifying the dead remains
of a person . Day in and day out we see innumerable catastrophic accidents happening over the
globe but when it happens it is usually not possible to determine the person because their
condition might have so deteriorated that all that would have left of them are ashes.

NEED

When these accidents happen it is the sole right of the family of the victim to get its body for
a proper funeral but without DNA technology it would not have been possible . Not only this
it is very difficult to find a missing person which can be resolved with the help of DNA
technology by with the help of DNA profile of the missing persons family.

Research

We all have heard of 9/11 one of the darkest day so far that ripped off the humanity from the
roots. Just a few days after that National Institute of Justice formed a panel making
recommendations on forensic technologies, policies, and procedures to help identify thousands
of victims who suffered death at the hands of the terrorists in the World Trade Center.
Identification of victims were made by comparing their remains DNA with the samples present
in their personal belongings or by with their biological family. These remains could be
collected over 10 months to get the DNA sequence. More than one fourth of the case were able
to be identified in this manner. US FBI formed CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) in which
they contained DNA profile of missing persons relative to find him. This technology was used
in India in 1992 to find the remains of the victims who suffered death in Rajiv Gandhi
Assassination. NIJ also formed model legislature for proper utilization of this technology in
any catastrophe .

Significance

DNA technology played an important role in the field of forensic mostly in
finding remains of a person . More the decayed remains of an individual more is the role of DNA technology. Although this technology requires a lot of funding and the body parts which
are in good condition can be identified using cheaper sources such as dental examination Xray
etc but when it comes to fragments of body they are no match to DNA technology.

Mental Health Awareness

Mental health is a major concern worldwide and India is not far behind in sharing this. If we evaluate developments in the field of mental health, the pace appears to be slow. Dr. Brock Chisholm, the first Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), in 1954, had presciently declared that “without mental health there can be no true physical health.” More than 60 years later, the scenario has not altered substantially. About 14% of the global burden of disease is attributed to neuropsychiatric disorders. The burden of mental disorders is likely to have been underestimated because of inadequate appreciation of the inter-play between mental illness and other health disorders. There remain considerable issues of priority-setting based on the burden of health problems and of addressing inequalities in relation to determinants and solutions for health problems.

Progress in mental health service delivery has been slow in most low- and middle-income countries. Barriers include the existing public-health priorities and its influence on funding; challenges to delivery of mental health care in primary-care settings; the low numbers of those trained in mental health care; and the lack of mental health perspective in public-health leadership. There have been numerous calls for invoking political will, for enhancing advocacy and for galvanizing community participation; all with scant improvement in outcomes.

Thus, it becomes now opportune to explore the paradigm of mental health awareness as a means of combating stigma, enhancing prevention, ensuring early recognition, and also stimulating simple and practical interventions within the community. Today there are opportunities in terms of growing acknowledgement of mental disorders as key targets of global health action, as well as of leveraging new technologies particularly internet, big data and cell phones in amplifying simple field interventions found successful in primary care and other echelons.

Mental health awareness campaigns have yielded positive outcomes. Some of the strategies undertaken to target awareness and address stigma around mental illness include participation by family members, sensitization to treatment and social inclusion. Lack of knowledge about the mental illnesses poses a challenge to the mental health care delivery system. Research has highlighted the role of community-based systems in low-income countries and has also yielded positive results in creating awareness, thereby impacting participation.

Awareness and health literacy are two sides of the same coin. Stigma and discrimination are negative consequences of ignorance and misinformation. There are a few studies which have measured mental health literacy in the Indian context. One study found mental health literacy among adolescents to be very low, i.e. depression was identified by 29.04% and schizophrenia/psychosis was recognized only by 1.31%. Stigma was noted to be present in help-seeking.

These findings reinforce the need to increase awareness of mental health. Mental health literacy is a related concept which is increasingly seen as an important measure of the awareness and knowledge of mental health disorders. Health literacy has been described as “ability to access, understand, and use the information to promote and maintain good health.” Mental health literacy encompasses recognition, causes, self-help, facilitation of professional intervention, and navigating the information highway. Attitudes which hinder recognition and appropriate help-seeking can be counter-acted by information which is already readily available in the public domain. There are plenty of examples of awareness positively impacting mental health outcomes like the Norwegian campaign to reduce the duration of untreated psychosis.

The utterly butterly delicious story of Amul

Over the years, Amul, one of the most beloved brands of our country, has become the taste of India, just as its tagline claims. Every Indian millennial has grown up listening to the jingles of its many dairy products, and the Amul girl, the brand’s mascot in the polka-dotted dress, has become a nostalgia-evoking symbol. Amul has truly come a long way since its founding in 1946.

The beginning

Amul was formed as a part of a cooperative movement against Polson Dairy in Anand, Gujarat, which procured milk from local farmers of Kaira District at very low rates and sold it to the then Bombay government. Everyone except the farmers benefited from this trade. The farmers took their plea to Sardar Patel, who had advocated farmers’ cooperatives since 1942. The result was the formation of the Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union Limited in Anand.

The union started pasteurising milk produced by a handful of farmers for the Bombay Milk Scheme and grew to 432 farmers by the end of 1948. The rapid growth led to problems including excess production that the Bombay Milk Scheme couldn’t accommodate. To solve this issue, a plant was set up to process all that extra milk into products such as milk powder and butter.

Amul is born

The late Dr. Verghese Kurien, rightly called the Milkman of India, was Amul’s true architect. His journey at Amul began in 1949 when he arrived in Anand to manage a dairy as a government employee. He went from helping farmers repair machinery to revolutionising India’s dairy industry with the White Revolution (or Operation Flood), the largest dairy development programme in the world.

The new dairy with the milk processing plant was ready for operation in October 1955, the year that also saw a breakthrough in dairy technology —buffalo milk was processed to make products for the first time in the world. The word ‘Amul’, derived from ‘Amulya’, which means ‘precious’ or ‘priceless’ in Sanskrit, was used to market the range of milk products developed by the Kaira Union. It is also an acronym for Anand Milk Union Ltd.

Dr Kurien had a vision. He wanted to offer small-scale dairy farmers quality-control units and centralised marketing, which were missing at the time in the dairy economy. Thus, the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) was created in 1973 to market milk and all milk products produced by six district cooperative unions in Gujarat. GCMMF is the largest exporter of dairy products in India and Amul is the umbrella for all of its products.

Awards, accolades, and a global presence

Over the years, Amul, together with GCMMF, has won numerous awards. Some of these include the Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award, 1999; the Golden Trophy for Outstanding Export Performance, 2009-10; Best Marketing Campaign, 2014; and World Dairy Innovation Award, among many others. Amul earned recognition all over the world when GCMMF introduced it on the Global Dairy Trade (GDT) platform, where only the six top dairy players across the world sell their products.

More than a mere slogan

Amul’s famous slogan, which is now a part of its logo, was created in 1994 by Shri Kanon Krishna of a Mumbai-based advertising agency called Advertising and Sales Promotion (ASP). According to Amul, the Taste of India slogan is more than just corporate positioning or advertising jargon. This slogan lends meaning to the brand’s never-ending commitment to taking quality food and products to the rural man, which he otherwise couldn’t have afforded.

The Butter Girl

Amul did not always have the round-eyed moppet as its mascot. The Butter Girl was born in 1966 when Sylvester daCunha, the then MD of the advertising agency handling Amul butter’s account, created her for its campaign. It was a pleasant change from the dull, corporate ads that the previous agency had come up with. Being a seasoned marketer himself, Dr Kurien gave daCunha complete creative freedom to create and release the ads without taking the company’s permission. 30 years later, the Utterly Butterly Girl still wins hearts wherever she is, whether on a billboard or on the packet of butter.

Amul is not just a brand; it is also a movement that represents farmers’ economic freedom. The name is now a household term that is here to stay, and the chubby-cheeked Amul girl will continue to cast a spell on the public.

JAGNNATH RATH YATRA (PURI)

OVERVIEW :-

Rath Yatra or more commonly known as Jagnnath Rath Yatra is a Holy festival of Hindus celebrated every year in the Puri district of Odisha in India. Every year lakhs of tourists from India as well as from different parts of the world visit Puri to celebrate this festival. This Rath Yatra is considered as the oldest Rath Yatra not only in India but all over the world. This Rath Yatra is dedicated to the deities – Lord Jagannath, Lord Balbhadra and Lordess Subhadra.

Lakhs of Devotees attend Jagnnath Rath Yatra every year.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FESTIVAL :-

This festival is celebrated annually on Ashadha Shukla Paksha Dwitiya i.e., on the second day of the bright fortnight of Ashadha month according to the Hindu calender. The deities of the Jagnnath temple, Puri main temple – Jagannath, Lord Balbhadra and Lordess Subhadra are placed on their chariots from their respective positions in the temple. These chariots are built and decorated every year. The devotees of Jagnnath built these chariots.

Chariots (Raths) used in Jagnnath Rath Yatra.

The Rath Yatra starts from Jagnnath Temple and the first destination of it is Gundicha Temple named after King Indradyuman’s Queen. The chariot of Lord Jagnnath (named Nandighosa) waits for a while to pay tribute to Bhakta Salabega at his crematorium which is situated on the way of Rath Yatra.

This place has a story related to saving of Jagnnath Temple from the revenge of Ocean by the grace of Shri Kabir Saheb Ji. He had promised to Kaal that he will be going to save the Jagnnath Temple from the Ocean at any cost and he eventually succeeded in his efforts and saved the Jagnnath Temple.

Chariot Details	Jagannath	Balabhadra	Subhadra
Name of Chariot	Nandighosha (ନନ୍ଦିଘୋଷ)	Taladhwaja (ତାଳଧ୍ୱଜ)	Darpadalana (ଦର୍ପଦଳନ)
Alternates name of Chariot	Garudadhwaja, Kapiladhwaja	Langaladhwaja	Devadalana, Padmadhwaja

Number of wheels	16	14	12
Total Number of wooden pieces used	832	763	593
Height	44′ 2″	43′ 3″	42′ 3″
Length and breadth	34’6″ x 34’6″	33′ x 33′	31’6″ x 31’6″
Colours of the canopies	Red, Yellow(yellow associated with Vishnu)	Red, Bluish green	Red, Black(Black associated with the Goddess)
Guardian	Garuda	Vasudev	Jayadurga
Charioteer	Daruka	Matali	Arjuna
Flag name	Trailokyamohini	Unnani	Nadambika
Flag emblem		Palm Tree
Name of Horses	1.Shankha 2.Balahaka 3.Suweta 4.Haridashwa	1.Tribra 2.Ghora 3.Dirghasharma 4.Swornanava	1.Rochika 2.Mochika 3.Jita 4.Aparajita
Colour of Horses	White	Black	Red
Name of Chariot Rope	Sankhachuda Nagini	Basuki Naga	Swarnachuda Nagini
Accompanying deity	Madanmohan	Ramakrishna	Sudarshana
Gatekeepers (Dvarpala)	1. Jaya 2. Vijaya	1.Nanda 2.Sunanda	1.Ganga 2.Jamuna
Nine parshvadevata (Subsidiary deities)	1. Panchamukhi Mahabir (Hanuman) 2. Harihara 3.Madhusudana (Vishnu) 4. Giridhar (Krishna) 5. Pandu Narasingha 6. Chitamani Krishna 7. Narayana (Vishnu) 8. Chatra Bhanga Rabana (Rama) 9. Rama seated on Hanuman	1. Ganesha 2. Kartikeya 3. Sarvamangala 4. Pralambari (Balarama) 5. Halayudha (Balarama) 6. Mrityunjaya (Shiva) 7.Natamvara(Shiva) 8.Mukteshwar (Shiva) 9. Sheshadeva	1. Chandi 2. Chamunda 3. Ugratara 4. Banadurga (Durga) 5. Shulidurga (Durga) 6. Varahi 7. Shyamakali 8. Mangala 9. Vimala

Reference taken from Wikipedia

SUNA BESHA :-

Suna Besha is the ceremony organized after the chariots of all the deities return back to the main temple after staying for about a week at the Gundicha Temple. In this ceremony, they are worshiped on the chariot and attired in gold ornaments. This ceremony started way back in 1460 by the King Kapilendra Deb when he returned victorious from the war and donate gold to the Jagnnath Temple.

Lord Jagannatha returns to his main abode just before Devshayani Ekadashi and after the completion of Suna Besha, Lord Jagannatha goes to sleep for four months.

Links:-

MENTAL HEALTH: DON’T TAKE IT EASY

Many people believe that being physically healthy is a sign of good health, but do they even consider their mental health? Today I am going to discuss this particular topic called “Mental health of a human being”.

Today youngsters and even old people are very particular about their physical health. They join gyms, participate in various cardio activities to make themselves physically fit but what about their mental health? How people would understand whether they are mentally fit or not? And if they know, then how will they overcome it? Today in this era of competition in everything, being in studies or fashion or anything else, everyone is running a race and is trying to outshine each other. Because of this, they have forgotten that their mind should also be taken care of like anything else.

Anxiety and depression have now became a common issue for every individual. Some people try to hide their anxiety by talking too much or by remaining extremely quiet.

Have you ever wondered, everybody, talks about an illness like cancer, heart attack, migraine, etc very freely but when it comes to mental health, they often hide from everyone and consider it a shameful thing? No one openly talks about their mental illness because somewhere they think that it is shameful to share it with anyone. Even, if he/she talks about it openly then they get very little support and is stabbed by their friends in tougher times, which makes them weaker and lonely even when surrounded by a crowd. Nowadays there are some who understand this problem and openly help such victims. Else, earlier they used to tag that person insane and didn’t look after them.

But I want to convey to such people to come out, express yourself whatever you are feeling, either share it on your social media or talk with your loved ones, there are definitely people who will help you to overcome it. This is not something to be ashamed of, it is also a part of your health. Never feel low because of love failure, study stress or family problems, etc.

You are not alone in this. Your loved ones are standing behind you to support you.

And in the end, I would like to convey my message to those who take mental health for granted that please don’t judge people in any way. You have no idea about what a person is going through. So, LIVE AND LET LIVE.

BIRIYANI : THE BLESSINGS OF MUGHALS

The origin of biriyani in India is uncertain. Many theories are put forward in the origin of Biriyani in our country. The delicacy is considered as a food pride of our country. According to historian Lizzie Collingham, the modern biryani developed in the royal kitchens of the Mughal Empire (1526–1857) and is a mix of the native spicy rice dishes of India and the Persian pilaf.Indian restaurateur Kris Dhillon believes that the dish originated in Persia, and was brought to India by the Mughals. Pratibha Karan the author of the book “Biriyani” says that it is derived from a South origin dish called pilaf . She speculates that the pulao was an army dish in medieval India. Armies would prepare a one-pot dish of rice with whichever meat was available. Over time, the dish became biryani due to different methods of cooking, with the distinction between “pulao” and “biryani” being arbitrary.

INGREDIENTS

The spices and condiments used in biryani may include ghee (clarified butter), nutmeg, mace,pepper, cloves, cardamom, cinnamon, bay leaves, coriander, mint leaves, ginger, onions, tomatoes, green chilies, and garlic. The premium varieties include saffron.

The main ingredient that usually accompanies the spices is chicken or goat meat; special varieties might use beef or seafood instead. The dish may be served with dahi chutney or raita, korma, curry, a sour dish of aubergine (brinjal), boiled egg, and salad.

VARIETIES OF BIRIYANI

There are many types of biryani, whose names are often based on their region of origin. For example, Sindhi biryani developed in the Sindh region of what is now Pakistan, and Hyderabadi biryani developed in the city of Hyderabad in South India.

Some have taken the name of the shop that sells it, for example: Haji Biriyani, Haji Nanna Biriyani in Old Dhaka, Fakhruddin Biriyani in Dhaka, Students biryani in Karachi, Lucky biryani in Bandra, Mumbai and Baghdadi biryani in Colaba, Mumbai. Biryanis are often specific to the Muslim communities where they originate; they are usually the defining dishes of those communities.

KOLKATA BIRIYANI

Calcutta or Kolkata biryani evolved from the Lucknow style, when Awadh’s last Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was exiled in 1856 to the Kolkata suburb of Metiabruz. Shah brought his personal chef with him. The Kolkata biriyani is characterized by the unique presence of potato in it, along with meat. It is said that the Nawab, having is lost his kingdom, could not afford meat, so his chefs tried to compensate by adding potato.

Biriyani is a dish which brings pride to our food culture
      Anuj Das

What is a Paper Town ?

A paper town is essentially a copyright trap.

Map making is a tedious and difficult job. So there has always been plagiarism in the map-making industry.

So,to avoid this cartographers came up with a master-plan-Paper towns.

For example A is map-making company,so A will mention a made-up town’s name in their map,if B Map-making company trys to copy from A company,they’d be caught because the town doesn’t exist.

Over the years there have been many paper towns,Argleton,Agloe,moat lane etc.

But a very interesting thing happened with one of the paper town-it became a real town.

The town was Agloe.

Agloe is situated in Roscoe,New York

Agloe the invention of Lindberg and his assistant, Ernest Alpers; its very name was a mix of their initials (OGL and EA).They sold their maps to Esso company.

But then agloe featured in the maps of another company called Rand mcNally.

Esso thought Rand mcNally had fallen into their trap and sued them for plagiarism.But the Rand mcNally said that agloe was actually a real town.

How did that happen?

Actually in late 1950s the locals of Roscoe opened a general store and named it ‘THE AGLOE GENERAL STORE’,since the they saw the place marked as Agloe in the Esso maps.

Thus Agloe became a real town.

Eventually, the store ran out of business. Agloe was last seen in Google maps in 1990s,but now it has been deleted.

Teacher’s Day

Let us give one day tribute to our prior of our life. Yes, you think about right one those are our Teachers. Teacher’s day is the one day tribute to our teachers to appreciate their efforts to make us successfull in life and carrer. It is celebrate on 5th september on the birth aniversary of Dr. Radhakrishnan Sarvapalli.

He was a renowedscjokar, recepient of bharat ratna, first vice president and second president of Independent india. Teacher’s day is one such event for which students and teachers equally look forward to. Teacher’s day is as important as to students just like it is for teachers because it gives a chance to student to understand the efforts that teachers gives us to make our life successful.

Also, According to our Prime Minister ”Narendra Modi” Teaching is not a profession, it is Jeevan Dharma(A way of life). He also said that India should regain the status of Vishvaguru(Leader in education) by giving high respect to teachers.

He told that:- “Teachers Determination and Sincerity will shape the destiny of the nation as they are laying the foundation and the building blocks of the society”.

Despite of playing such a crucial rolw in the lives of student life teacher’s doesn’t get there value of appreciation. So we celebrate this one day for our teachers.

5 Effective Factors for Good Health

As we all know “Health is Wealth “, we all should take a good care of our health .A good health is equal to valuable treasure .With a good healthy body & mind you will be able to live a long & diseases pain free life , able to get success , & have a happy everyday lifestyle . There are some factors which will helps you to gain in this important field.

Yoga Practices : Yoga is some mental , physical spiritual actions for good mental & physical health .Some research already prove that yoga is an effective exercise for not only fitness of the body but also in mental health with other good improvement in health. WHO also have given positive feedback on yoga & made an 2018-2030 action plan for yoga practice .United Nation announce 21^st June as the World Yoga Day .There are various types of yoga with various benefits . Naukasana (Boat Posture) ,Vakrasana((Twisted Posture) for belly-fat lose , Dhanurasana (Bow Posture) for weight-loss . Sukhasana (Easy Posture) ,Kakasana (Crow Posture), Bhujangasana (Cobra Posture), Sarvangasana (Stand On Shoulder Posture) ,Shirasana (Stand on Head Posture) etc are some yoga asana which help in many physical(Blood Circulation, Mussel Growth , Nervous System, Respiratory System, Blood circulation etc) & mental Health ( Relaxation, Mind-peace, sleeplessness, concentration, stress etc) .Only one yoga poster have many remarkable benefits which help to prevent some harmful diseases. Now a days many YouTube channels ,apps ,communities are there for as a yoga instructors . Even some school, college ,company have included yoga in their curriculum keeping the benefactor of yoga in mind .

Regular Exercise or, Workout at gym : Exercise or workout are also very helpful in maintaining fitness . You can do it in a gym using some workout machine & heavy weight equipment or you can do some workout exercise for body fitness as both are effective .Although some research show that there are some negative effects also .Exercise or workout helps in body fat loss , increase muscle strength , improve blood circulation, expand endurance level etc. Some machine used in gyms for workouts are mechanical treadmill , spring stretcher , Adjustable bench ,barbell stand ,cable crossover, lifting etc. Push-up ,aerobic exercise ,walk, squat, swimming ,cycling are some effective exercise . You can take a help from some apps , YouTube channels ,community ,gym ,professionals for doing such exercise or workout for fitness .

Eating Healthy Food: Yoga & exercise help in good health but health foods are also very important in this case .As we all know every vegetables ,fruits ,animal products have some nutritious value and help our body to gain protein ,vitamins, carbohydrates, fat in perfect amount for healthiness if we consume them in a systematic manners . Some nutrition value , and health benefits are mentioned below — 1)Spinach: It is a green vegetable with lots of Calcium, Iron, Vitamins (Vita-K ,Vita-A ,Vita-C) ,antioxidants .It helps in physical energy , clean blood for oxygen circulation, blood pressure reduction for good heart etc. which prevents some health issues . 2) Kale: It is leafy greens . It has 7 calories & some vitamins(A,C,K) as nutrition .It decrease the amount of BP , bad cholesterols & sugar in our blood . 3) Beets: It is a red- pinkish vegetable with good cholesterols , potassium ,antioxidants which helps greatly in diabetes & BP . 4) Carrots: It is a orange colors vegetables but it can also be purple or yellow . It has %2 types of calories , Vitamin A & a lot of amounts of beta carotenes which helps in skin problems , breast cancer ,eyesight . 5) Edible Mushrooms: It has various categories with special shapes ,size colors & very delicious . It has a great amount of Vitamin B-6 ,Vitamin C ,iron , protein & non-fat which it prevents cancer , diabetes , heart problem etc. 6) Lemons: it is sour juicy fruit lots of Vitamin C & antioxidants which works on cold flu , weight loss ,cancer , diabetes etc. 7) Apple: It is a popular health benefiting fruit which contains calories ,carbohydrates ,fibers , potassium etc. & works on cardio-vascular diseases . 8) Avocado: It is green creamy & quit expensive fruit with high amount of potassium ,calories & antioxidants & helps in lowering cholesterols &chances of heart disease . This is just given as an example for showing that every fruits & vegetables have good health nutation. As for animal products like milk , meat , eggs etc. also have lots of protein & other elements with is important for our body growth . So we can see every edible foods have certain amount of nutriments & we should consume them as much as our body needed . Neither less nor more . You can take a help from any app , nutrition in this case .

Good Habits : With the healthy foods , exercise & yoga ,we should develops some good habits for better health benefit , prevention of diseases . Some good habits are mentioned below —– 1) Early To bed & early to rise ,2) Drinking water after raising 3) Don’t go to bed as soon as your lunch or dinner is finished ,4) consume lots of water in a day ,5) do some exercise after eating , 6) yoga after raising 7)drinking mild hot water with lemon or honey in morning instead coffee 7) check about weight on daily or weekly basis 8) Do exercise or yoga in morning daily 9) Don’t drink cold water 10) Bath in morning 11) a healthy breakfast with fruits ,eggs . There are so many healthy habits & you should practices them as you needed but they are important .

Why you should read ‘Born a crime’ by Trevor Noah

I recently read ‘Born a crime’ by Trevor noah.I’ve been watching Trevor Noah for a long time now.He is a stand up comedian ,and often talkes about racism in his work, but here we really get to see its spread and depth.

Summary: The book basically tells us about life during apartheid[1] .Trevor Noah is born to a white man and black woman,and that was a crime during apartheid.He speaks about the abuse their family suffered at the hands of his alcoholic stepfather,his struggle being ‘coloured’ ,poverty,and most importantly his mother.

“Where most children are proof of their parents’ love, I was the proof of their criminality.”-Born a crime.

Two things that Trevor has talked the most in the book is

Racism
His mom

And both of them surprised me.

1) Racism

This book showed layers of racism and how the colour of your skin wasn’t the only thing that would constitute the importance of your race.

For example Chinese people were classified as black.But since the Englishmen wanted the develop good relations with the Japanese, they were given the honorary ‘ ‘white’ status.

“I always like to imagine being a South African policeman who likely couldn’t tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese but whose job was to make sure that people of the wrong color weren’t doing the wrong thing. If he saw an Asian person sitting on a whites-only bench, what would he say?
“Hey, get off that bench, you Chinaman!”
“Excuse me. I’m Japanese.”
“Oh, I apologize, sir. I didn’t mean to be racist. Have a lovely afternoon.”

And by the way they had a whole different perspective of what racist behavior is.They didn’t apologize for being racist,they apologizd for aiming their racism at the wrong person.

Trevor says the was was considered ‘white’ by black people and ‘black’ by white people.But that wasn’t it,there were many divisions among the black themselves. He says that his biggest tool was languages.His mother taught him English and many other languages,he himself picked up a few by listening.

“I became a chameleon. My color didn’t change, but I could change your perception of my color.

If you spoke Zulu, I replied to you in Zulu. If you spoke to me in Tswana, I replied to you in Tswana. Maybe I didn’t look like you, but if I spoke like you, I was you.”

Racism has so many layers,its crazy.This book navigated through it like butter.For the first time we get to see how it is to be stuck in a cycle.

And this whole system was created to keep black people in a cycle.I knew what apartheid was in defination,but we get to see it in true sense.

It was illegal to be mixed (to have a black parent and a white parent), but it was not illegal to be colored (to have two parents who were both colored). So my mom moved me around the world as a colored child. She found a crèche in a colored area where she could leave me while she was at work. There was a colored woman named Queen who lived in our block of flats. When we wanted to go out to the park, my mom would invite her to go with us. Queen would walk next to me and act like she was my mother, and my mother would walk a few steps behind, like she was the maid working for the color.

_______________________________________________________________

He says how a lot of people don’t have the most basic block of improvement ie.opportunity.

“People love to say, “Give a man a fish, and he’ll eat for a day. Teach a man to fish, and he’ll eat for a lifetime.” What they don’t say is, “And it would be nice if you gave him a fishing rod.” That’s the part of the analogy that’s missing.”

Then there’s the hood[2] .The hood is basically a more poorer parts of the society. Like slums in Mumbai.The people of the hood were taught how to fish,but they weren’t given a fishing rod.

These people couldn’t get higher education since they couldn’t afford it.if they got a decent manual Job,they would often get fired on suspicion on stealing.They would have to come back to the crime they were surrounded by.

Although Trevor wasn’t originally from the hood,we feels he belongs there due to their sense of community.

2) Patricia Nombuyiselo Noah.(Mother)

Patricia—this woman is EPIC. .She is 30 years ahead of her time.If you follow Trevor, you’ll know he often talks about how badass a his mom was.Now– I truly understand.

When Trevor said that his parents were an interracial couple,I thought Trevor was probably not a planned child and it for brave of their parents to keep him.well I was surprised to know that he was in fact a planned child.His mother wanted a child and she knew that Trevor’s dad was the man she wanted her child with.She knew the consequences so did Trevor’s dad,Robert, but he agreed anyway.She told him he doesn’t need to be involved in Trevor’s life of he doesn’t want to.But Robert decided to stay.They obviously never got to live together due to apartheid laws.

One of my favourite and most amusing Patricia’s-rebellion stories is when she gets married to boyfriend, Abel and they have a kid.

They go to visit his village Tzaneen for the first time.

“Tsnoga culture,I learned was extremely patriarchal.We’re talking about a world where women have to bow when they greet a man.

Men were not allowed in the kitchen.As a nine year old boy,I thought this was fantastic. At my house my mom was forever making me do the chores–wash the dishes, sweep the house.

My mom thought the whole ‘bowing to men tradition’ was absurd.

Patricia Noah stayed at no one kitchen,she was a free spirit.She didn’t refuse to bow,she overdid it.

My mom would go down and cower,grovelling in the dirt like she was worshipping a deity,and she would stay down for like a really long time,long enough to make everyone uncomfortable.”

Throughout the book,the things that she does,I wouldn’t have the guts to do today inspite of living in much more advanced society. Its obvious how she played a very important role in Trevor’s upbringing.

This book touches many other topics such a masculinity and what it means to Trevor.

Despite of dealing with many heavy topics, ‘born a crime’ is actually pretty humorous. One of the very funny things was when he was talking about this time in hood,he said many people sold things that were obviously stolen (from white people) but no one really feel anything because apparently all ‘white people have insurance’ . No guilt.

This is definitely a book everyone should read.I myself am not a big fan of biographies, but I think this was one of the best books I’ve read so far.

POLO : THE FORGOTTEN GAME

The role of sports programs in promoting academic success, health and fitness, responsible social behaviors and self confidence among young people and how such programs could be expanded to reach those in great need. While sports can encourage good study habits as well as the expression of ethical behaviors such as fair play, integrity, sportsman spirit and compassion and the result can be counterproductive if these values are not modelled by parents and coaches. Polo has been referred to as “the sport of kings”. This sports requires more energy and enthusiasm , youth is the best age to begin participating in it. It is more than just a game; it is something to be enjoyed with all of one’s heart. Only when we enjoy what we are doing can we contribute our full potential to it.

Polo is not only for men, but women can also play it, and there is an equal increase in that. many people have a passion for this sport but they abandon their dreams because they do not receive enough support and encouragement from their family. polo is an expensive sport where one has to spend money to buy horses and the clothing’s etc. There are many sponsors who are ready to spend for the expenses, if the person financially not stable. There are numerous corporate entities eager to assist players. Most major cities have academies, including the Rajasthan Polo Club in Jaipur, the Greater Mahalaxmi Race Course in Mumbai, and the Jindal Academy in Noida. If there are people who can help them financially, there will be a large number of young people who want to play.

This game, like any other, has more risk factors. Only when the person is on top of the horse and maintains proper posture and balance will he be able to play smoothly. It necessitates greater concentration, as the player must maintain a keen focus on the ball, his opponents, and then ride the horse; all in all, it is extremely dangerous. When it comes to risk factors, young people find it more exciting because they enjoy adventure, and in this game, the player must be both mentally and physically active. A major issue for at-risk youth is that they have not had the kinds of experiences that success in life necessitates, such as personal discipline and the ability to persevere. Athletics can be an effective tool for teaching life lessons.

Polo helps to improve your balance, coordination, and motor function. When hitting a ball with a mallet on a moving horse, hand-eye coordination is put to the test to the fullest. According to research, polo has numerous cardiovascular and muscle conditioning benefits. Power to your muscles and a lower risk of injury come from your core, which is strengthened by polo. According to research, an hour of activity can burn the same amount of calories as a 30-minute jog or cycle. Increased ride speed and duration will increase the intensity of your workout and burn more calories.

It is critical to raise awareness among young people that participation in sports promotes their healthy development. It is critical that these awareness campaigns begin at home, where parents should teach their children the value of playing games and encourage them in any way they can. In schools, students have one period allotted to them outdoor where they can play whatever games they want. However, not a single school provides students with polo guidance, despite the fact that these students are more familiar with cricket and football. This could be because polo is played on the top of a horse, and as a result, schools may not be able to discuss it, proper guidance that is what needed. So, just like any other sport, polo should be well known among students, and let us hope for a world where there are children who are as enthusiastic about polo as they are about cricket and football.

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

NEED

Research

Significance

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this: