Benefits of Guest Posting

Guest posting, or contributing content to other websites or blogs, offers a range of benefits for both the guest author and the hosting site. Here are several key advantages:

Expanded Reach and Exposure: Guest posting allows authors to tap into new audiences and gain exposure to readers who might not have come across their content otherwise. It helps in expanding the author’s reach and visibility within their niche.
Building Authority and Credibility: Publishing guest posts on reputable sites can bolster an author’s credibility and authority within their field. It showcases their expertise and knowledge to a wider audience, establishing them as a thought leader.
Quality Backlinks and SEO: Guest posting often includes a bio or author section with a link back to the author’s website or blog. These backlinks from authoritative sites can significantly impact the author’s website SEO, improving its search engine rankings.
Networking and Relationship Building: Collaborating with other websites builds relationships within the industry. It allows authors to connect with other professionals, influencers, and potential partners or collaborators.
Diversification of Content and Perspectives: Hosting sites benefit from guest posts by offering diverse content and viewpoints to their audience. It enriches their platform, providing fresh insights and expertise from guest authors.
Increased Engagement and Traffic: Engaging and valuable guest posts often attract more readership and engagement, driving traffic to both the hosting site and the author’s website.
Learning and Exposure to New Audiences: For guest authors, contributing to different platforms exposes them to new perspectives, ideas, and audiences, facilitating continuous learning and growth.
Brand Exposure and Recognition: Guest posting can contribute to brand exposure for both the author and the hosting site. It helps in creating awareness about the author’s brand or expertise while adding value to the hosting site’s content offerings.
Content Sharing and Social Proof: Engaging guest posts are often shared across social media platforms, increasing visibility and providing social proof of expertise and value.
Mutual Benefits for Hosting Site and Author: Ultimately, both the hosting site and the guest author benefit from the exchange of quality content, audience expansion, and increased engagement.

Guest posting, when done strategically and with high-quality content, presents a win-win situation for both the contributor and the hosting site, fostering mutual growth and benefits.

LGBT RIGHTS IN INDIA

(Photo: iPleaders Blog)

“Every cloud has a silver lining.” This proverb goes well with the historic judgement passed by the Supreme court on 6^th September 2018 in the favor of LGBT community rights. This has been much debated topic since a long time. Nothing could be more blessing than the enactment of Article 377 for the relief of LGBT community. The hearing of the petitions began with a bench consisting of Chief justice Dipak Misra and justices DY Chandrachud, AM Khanwilkar, Indu Malhotra, and Rohinton Fali Nariman. It was truly a landmark decision which struck down a 19^th century law criminalizing homosexuality in India.

What role does the Indian Constitution play towards the emancipation of the society’s most marginalized and excluded? What vision does the Constitution espouse with respect to basic fundamental rights and freedoms? And what conception of inclusion and pluralism does the Constitution pursue in a society that remains deeply divided and disjointed? All these searching questions came to form a distinct part of the decision of the Indian Supreme Court (Court) when it was called upon to rule on the constitutional validly of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. It was not the first time however, that the Court was examining Section 377 on the touchstone of the Constitution, as the case previously travelled through several levels of judicial adjudication involving different jurisdictional procedures.

Embodying the ethos of Victorian morality, Section 377, a colonial-era law, criminalized ‘…carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal…’. Anything that was not penal-vaginal sexual encounter was ‘against the order of nature’ and as a consequence ‘unnatural’. Through this provision, homosexual acts even between consenting adults was considered and proscribed as a criminal offense punishable with imprisonment. Thus, a significant section of the population comprising the LGBT+ community remained perpetually ostracized by the Indian society, persecuted by State authorities and marginalized in the discourse of constitutional rights. Therefore, when the Court decided in Navtej Johar v Union of India that Section 377 in so far as it criminalizes same sex acts between consenting adults, violates the constitutional mandate enshrined under the Fundamental Rights chapter, especially, Art. 21 (life and personal liberty), Art. 14 (equality and equal protection of laws), Art. 15 (non-discrimination) and Art. 19 (Freedom of expression), truly, it was a historic undoing of injustice towards the LGBT+ people. In other words, as a result of this decision, LGBT+ people who were historically and by default considered ‘criminals’ under the law, came a bit closer to acquiring an ‘equal moral membership’ of the society and the State. It was a tough as well as a long road but at the end everything seemed to be mightier.

Let us look back into the history of India from where the seeds of this discrimination were actually sown. India has a long tradition of tolerance for all kinds of beliefs, faiths, philosophies, and ways of living. This takes us back to the 1800s. Lord Macauley first created this law in 1860 when he was the President of the Indian Law Commission. The reason for this law was because the British WANTED TO “impose Victorian values” on the colony of India. Not only were such values trying to be inflicted on the Indian society but also the Constitution of India wanted to “…narrow constructions of patriarchal gender relations and heteronormativity” (Ramasubhan 91).

What’s important and a reflection of the movement itself is that the support has come not just from the queer people, but across a range of actors, movements and institutions. Progressive groups, state bodies like the National Human Rights Commission, teacher’s associations, professional associations including the medical and mental health establishments, women’s groups, student groups, trade unionists and private companies came out publicly against the judgement. Thousands across the country stood together, repeating the chant that brought together our resistance: ‘No Going Back’.

In declaring Section 377 to be unconstitutional, however, the Court was deeply reflective about the fact that for Constitutional rights to acquire a meaningful purpose for the marginalized communities, disciplining State action alone will not be sufficient. In this regard, the Court did not mince words when it stated that it is both, criminality of the law and the ‘silence and stigmatization’ of the society towards the LGBT+ community that orchestrates the marginalization and the exclusion of the former. Implicit in that claim was the understanding that inequality, hierarchy and prejudice transpires as much from State action as it does from societal sanctions, community conventions and private relationships. In the context of such social realities, what is the stated role of the Constitution and the laws? Is the mandate of the Constitution simply confined towards ordering the relationship between the State and the individual (vertical) or does the Constitution have an equal role to play in shaping normative values among individuals within the society?

The Court unequivocally embraced the latter narrative and found that the Indian Constitution envisions an expansive role for both the State and the individual to actively promote social change within the contours of the Constitution. It seeks transformative change ‘in the order of relations not just between the State and the individual, but also between individuals’. The transformative potential in Indian Constitution is a conscious ‘attempt to reverse the socializing of prejudice, discrimination, and power hegemony in a disjointed society’. Therefore, the Constitution, the Court surmises, obliges not only the State not to violate fundamental rights, but also individuals to ‘act in a manner that advances and promotes the Constitutional order of values’.

“Sexual orientation” is an essential attribute of privacy. Discrimination against an individual on the basis of sexual orientation is deeply offensive to the dignity and self-worth of the individual. This judgement can be considered as a revolutionary one in a society like India. But every judgement has two parts, one is written and other is its execution. The written part is progressive and reformist and its execution includes sensitizing the society and institutions in accepting what is written in this judgement. That may take time. Till then I would like to put forth some suggestions. The first step is sex education in schools and at homes. The second step is that the law enforcement agencies such as the police needs to be more sensitized towards the LGBT people. Similarly, our media and film fraternity can play a very important role in imparting knowledge and disseminating true information about LGBT people.

To conclude, we all are equal. Nobody should be discriminated on whatsoever ground. In the last few years LGBT are gaining acceptance in many parts of India. Many Bollywood films have dealt with homosexuality. They have also fair well at the box office. There’s a transformative constitutionalism which is happening and the real import of transformative constitutionalism lies in positive measures that the State ought to take in bringing the Constitution closer to the most deprived. Indian society needs to shrug off its old thinking and come out of the widely prevailing homophobia.

Peer group and its influence

(Photo: Titanium Success)

According to APA Dictionary of Psychology, a group of individuals who share one or more characteristics, such as age, social status, economic status etc. are peer groups. Peer Group is both social group and primary group.

Functions of Peer group:

Provide support in shaping an individual’s self-esteem and self-valuation.
Provide emotional security under unprecedented or threatening situations.
Provide the foundation for intimate relationships as they are essential non-family contexts for intimacy and affection.
Teach gender roles.
Help in Identity formation.

The peer group is an important socializing agent contributing beyond the influence of the family and school. Peers socialize each other through certain mechanisms. They are.

Reinforcement – Giving Attention.
Modeling-Imitation
Punishment- Rejection, bullying etc.
Apprenticeship- Someone with more experience teach someone with less experience.

As your teen grows older, their peers will play a bigger role in their life. Their friends may influence everything from what they wear to how they talk.

Positive influence: Positive peer influence is when someone’s peers influence them to do something positive or growth building. For example, peers who are committed to doing well in school or at sport can influence others to be more goal orientated. Similarly, peers who are kind, loyal or supportive influence others to be the same. They are subconsciously looking to their friends for information about how to act and interact with others. For the same reason, they also learn more quickly in the presence of their peers. For example, friends tell your teen to study harder so they can get better grades. They decide it’s cool to get good grades in a test. Several of your teen friends buy their own car. Your teen becomes motivated to save their money so they can buy their own car too.
Negative influence: If your teen starts hanging around with the wrong crowd, like peers who skip school, do drugs, and break the law, they’re likely to influence your teen behavior in an unhealthy way. Most negative peer pressure involves more serious problems, like pressuring a teen to smoke cigarettes or experiment with drugs. For example, your teen skips school because it’s senior skip day and they don’t want to get made fun for showing up. Your teen purchases e-cigarettes online because their friends tell them they can get away with it.

Peer Group Stages

PEER GROUP BY AGE (2 TO 6) –The first bond Or attachment that a child shares with is his Or her family. They feel secure and warmth around the family. They tend to be less aggressive and more actively involved in activities.

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD PEER GROUP ( 6 TO 13) –Children no longer need adults or their family to structure them socially. They start looking for children of their own age group. They try to socialize with children of their own age by doing friendship with them and spending time with each other.

ADOLESCENT –During adolescence, peer groups tend to face dramatic changes. Adolescents tend to spend more time with their peers and have less adult supervision. Adolescents’ communication shifts during this time as well. They prefer to talk about school and their careers with their parents, and they enjoy talking about sex and other interpersonal relationships with their peers. Children look to join peer groups who accept them, even if the group is involved in negative activities. Children are less likely to accept those who are different from them.

How to tackle it ?

1. Developing good self-esteem and taking charge of yourself.

2. Satisfaction and taking charge of our aspirations.

3. Choosing our friends wisely.

4. Identify our core values.

5. Taking the help of our parents/elders/teachers.

CONCLUSION

“Without friends no one chooses to live, though he has all other goods.” – Aristotle

It is not possible to live our lives without being influenced by anyone. So the best thing that we can do is guard ourselves and to choose our influence.

Morality in Rule of Law

(Photo: Thought and action)

Rule of Law is the fundamental principle which ensures good governance as well as individual rights and liberties. It says no one is above the law and every person living in a particular society is subject to the law of that society. All other notions associated with the rule of law must also be considered alongside it. It is a mechanism that encourage the equality of all citizens before the law. It also secures a non-arbitrary form of government, and specifically prevents the arbitrary use of power. In general, the rule of law implies that the creation of laws, their enforcement, and the relationships among legal rules are themselves legally regulated, so that no one including the most highly placed official is above the law.

Moralityis a concept that distinguishes right from wrong. It also talks about conduct that is considered acceptable or unacceptable in a particular society. The source of morality is usually considered to be natural law and God’s instructions through sacred documents.

Morals provide a basis for the development of law by virtue of justice, equity, good faith, and conscience. Morality plays an important role in making of law and its interpretation. Morals are an intrinsic part of the laws. In the ancient time morals and laws were considered as one and the same. In the current period though law and morality have several distinctions yet the same are not completely different or distinct. A relationship can be established between morality and law on three grounds: –

1) morals as the basis of law

2) morals as test of positive law

3) morals as the end of law.

According to Stammer “jurisprudence depends much upon moral ideas as just law has a need of ethical doctrine for its complete realization. Positive law and just law correspond to positive morality and rationally grounded ethics. There’s no difference and if any, it is only the difference of manner in which the desire for justice present itself”.

H.L.A Hart believes that there are several relations between law and morals. He was of the view that a legal system must exhibit some specific conformity with morality or justice or must rest on a widely diffused conviction that there is a moral obligation to obey it.

Ronald Dworkin has argued that both laws and constitutions are unavoidably rooted in political and moral principles. The law is not derived logically from accepted true moral principles. Rather, it is established by legislatures that come to agreement on public rules that are shaped by a political consensus about right and wrong.

Rule of law prioritizes the supremacy of law whereas morality prioritizes the moral values and consciences of the subjects of the state. For instance, a man is under no duty to help a beggar or the distressed and can neglect his sick and old parents without the fear of any legal or penal consequences, but morality does not allow a person to do so as it amounted to undesirable conduct condemned by morals and ethics. There is a close relation between the rule of law and morality. Morality complements the rule of law. But it is a casual relationship, as laws are not made out of moral principles, rather, they are established and shaped by a “legal consensus of right and wrong”. Even though morality is ultimately involved in making and modifying the law, it is never legally binding and does not have constitutional value. Laws have a marginal origin from the morals and ethics derived in the society which initially monitored the conduct of people, but morality solely cannot be the basis on which law has been derived. An acceptable statement is that both morality as well as rule of law have adapted to the development of society. Sometimes what seems right from the morality point of view may be contrary when viewed from the point of rule of law. For instance, when a person tries to feed a needy person, by means of theft solely for the purpose of feeding that needy person, morally the act may be justified yet the same may not be the case under rule of law. Because under the concept of rule of law, a person has committed. Therefore, morality has a marginal presence in rule of law whereas it is highly contradictory of the same.

Morality in Rule of Law with reference to H.L.A. Hart theory

Professor Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart (H.L.A. Hart) is an influential legal professor. Hart revolutionized the methods of jurisprudence and the philosophy of law. He authored ‘The Concept of Law’ and made major contributions to political philosophy. Law can be analyzed in terms of rules which is largely based on Hart’s theory of law. According to him, rules are concerned not with what happens but with what is to be done. Rules are imperative or prescriptive rather than indicative or descriptive. Rules have a certain independence or self-legitimating character. Rules are different from commands. Commands normally call for one unique performance whereas rules have a general application and demands repeated activity. According to Hart, ‘Law consists of rules which are of broad application and non-optional character, but which are at the same time amenable to formalization, legislation and adjudication. According to Hart the law consists of primary and secondary rules. Primary rules are duty imposing rules on the citizens and have a legal sanction. Secondary rules are power conferring laws that describe how laws should be recognized, adjudicated or changed. Hart says these rules form the heart of the legal system.

Hart’s version of natural law is empirical. His position is based on a theory of human nature which believes in certain truisms. For example, Hart believes that one truism of human nature is that the overwhelming majority of human beings wish to survive. It means they would rather live than die. If one wish to survive, it is imperative that a society be developed which will help ensure survival. Hart believes there are five features of the human condition which sometimes work against survival, and the legal system must take these into account. Hart believes that: –

there is the feature of human vulnerability.
. there is the Hobbesian notion of approximate equality.
. human beings possess at best a limited altruism.
. the concept of limited resources governs our actions.
. the idea of limited understanding and strength of will is important to any society.

Conclusion

The fundamental principle which ensures good governance as well as individual rights and liberties is the rule of law under which no one is above the law and every person living in a particular society is subject to the law of that society. Morality, on the other hand, is concept that distinguishes right from wrong and may refer to conduct that is considered acceptable or unacceptable in a particular society. Coercion and sanction may be important considerations but not the basic elements to make law work. The law is meant to facilitate. It is mechanism that resolves conflicts of interest among individuals. This idea of law brings us to the concept of rule of law which aims to treat every individual equally, irrespective of social status. Under the rule of law, individuals are protected from the element of coercion. Another element of the rule of law is equality, which is often confused with generality. Laws are based on generality and bind everyone, not any singular group. But equality here means that every individual is subject to the same law and procedures and has the same rights. A close relation exists between the rule of law and morality, since morality complements the rule of law. But it should still be considered a casual relationship, as laws are not made out of moral principles, rather, they are established and shaped by a “legal consensus of right and wrong”.

Legal and policy challenges in space technology

(Photo: Outlook India)

“History is agreed upon as an uninterrupted process in time and space.”

India before independence was very different from the India that we see today. Of course, it is common knowledge that pre 1947 India consisted of modern day, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The after-independence chase of India faced major developments and changes that we can see today. India has an impressive array of achievements in the development of space transport as well as aviation industry for various applications. From a humble beginning with a small RH 75 rocket in the sixties to the successful launch of PSLV-D2 with 804 kg IRS-P2 in October, 1994, the Indian space programme has made remarkable progress through a well-integrated, self-reliant programme. On the other hand, the civil aviation industry of India has emerged as one of the fastest growing industries in the country during the last three years. India has become the third largest domestic aviation market in the world and is expected to overtake UK to become the third largest air passenger market by 2024.

Every country’s success depends upon its government. The way it handles the whole economy largely affect its economic environment. In such a globalized environment, the governmental policies act as the key factor in determining its real success, be it in field of aviation, space technology or any other. The government however has reviewed its aviation policies from time to time and tried to make it friendlier however it lagged in certain jurisprudence. In the recent past, the outlook of the government of India has undergone substantial change. It has tried to adopt emerging trends and include different terminologies, ownership of private companies, more new projects, financing, hassle free management and its operations. The government has increased its investment in this sector. Moreover, it has tried to devise the privatization method to solve many problems attached to this sector. Privatization is needed for solving the problem of “distressed state syndrome”. The complete or partial privatization will give positive impact on efficiency, productivity and profitability. Trends of privatization is rising all around the world and it is important to analyze all consequences and specific results, which will be helpful to understand better difficulties and structural changes.

During the COVID time, there was a dramatic drop in demand for passenger air transport. This threatened the viability of many firms, putting many jobs at stake. While the aviation industry has often been a target of government policies, the COVID-19 crisis has precipitated a new suite of loans, loan guarantees, wage subsidies and equity injections, raising concerns about efficient use of public resources. The COVID-19 crisis has hit hard to the economy.

Although the aviation and space sector contribute a lot to the economy, however every coin has two sides. The other side of the story is that we have grown, but grown at the cost of our mother nature. The question that we need to dwell into is: “Do we belong to this earth or does this earth belong to us”. Commercial aviation is experiencing dramatic growth in various regions throughout the world but at the cost of what. It is leading to the pollution of the environment. Over the past 50 years global demand for air travel has risen by 9 per cent per annum. The environmental impact it has caused is very degrading. This has become a cause of concern.

INVESTMENT

According to the data released by Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), FDI inflow in India’s air transport sector (including air freight) reached US$ 2.79 billion between April 2000 and June 2020. The government has allowed 100% FDI under the automatic route in scheduled air transport service, regional air transport service and domestic scheduled passenger airline. However, FDI over 49% would require government approval.

India’s aviation industry is expected to witness Rs. 35,000 crore (US$ 4.99 billion) investment in the next four years. The Indian Government is planning to invest US$ 1.83 billion for development of airport infrastructure along with aviation navigation services by 2026.

Key investments and developments in India’s aviation industry includes:

In October 2020, Zurich Airport International signed the concession agreement for the development of Jewar Airport on the outskirts of Delhi. The agreement has granted Zurich Airport International the license to design, build and operate Noida International Airport (NIAL) for the next 40 years.

In October 2020, the Airports Authority of India (AAI) announced plan to upgrade runways at seven airports across the country by March 2022.

In January 2020, IndiGo became first Indian carrier to have an aircraft fleet size of 250 planes and became the first airline to operate 1,500 flights per day.

In December 2019, AAI announced its plans to set up India’s first three water aerodromes in Andaman & Nicobar.

As of December 2019, France-based Safran Group planned an investment of US$ 150 million in a new aircraft engine maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) unit in India to cater to its airline customers.

AAI plans to invest Rs. 25,000crore (US$ 3.58 billion) in next the five years to augment facilities and infrastructure at air transport.

THE NEED FOR SPACE LEGISLATION

What we can sketch out is that there’s a greater need for space legislation. With no legal obligation, the dream of ‘DIGITAL INDIA’ can’t be achieved. A robust legal regime would instill investor confidence, attract FDI and new technologies, reduce administrative and regulatory uncertainties, provide clarity on stamp duty, registration requirements, insurance, transfer of property, contractual obligation, space debris liability and intellectual property rights concerning space-related issues, and flourish space entrepreneurship by providing a level playing field to the private entities.

The policymakers need to resolve the following issues in virtue of requisite space legislation:

· Single Independent Regulator – In contradiction to the present multiple ministries, agencies and departments, namely, the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Department of Space, the satellite divisions of Department of Telecom, the Department of Telecommunications, the Telecom Engineering Centre, the Network Operation and Control Centre, the Ministry of Defense, and the Ministry of Defense, a single independent regulator is required to perform regulatory processes including the issuance of a place in orbit to launch a satellite and/or rocket, mandatory licenses to launch it, spectrum to communicate with it, and clearance for the technology and/or space equipment to be used.

· Space debris – Space debris or space junk encompasses both man-made and natural (meteoroid) particles that enhance the probability of disastrous collision that may cause damage to space vehicles. Although there is no specific international treaty or convention dealing with the imposition of liability, some long-standing guidelines were issued by NASA, on ‘how to deal with space debris’ which were later adopted by the UN General Assembly and COPUOS. However, well-defined provisions on liability of the launching state need to be formulated to reduce the persisting or potential conflicts among countries.

· Security measures – With the rising threats to national peace and security by potential space and cyber warfare possibilities, countries need to invest adequately in adopting cyber and military security measures. Rules and regulations on lines with the Data protection laws need to be formulated to ensure that adequate cyber security measures are in place.

· Granting of license – The process for granting a license is yet to be developed, but section 5 of the Bill envisages that there will be eligibility criteria, and a fee to pay, without giving any detail or indication as to what those criteria or fees might be. In particular, it sets out the obligation to provide a financial guarantee or insurance, which essentially addresses the broader liability question and the principles of liability that flow under the international space regime.

· Intellectual property rights- Section 25 of the Bill states, “Any invention, or other form of intellectual property rights, developed, generated or created during the course of any space activity shall be protected by any law for the time being in force, with the primary objective of safe guarding national security.“ such a provision might deter the potential participation of the private sector in the Indian space industry and thus needs to be looked into by the policymakers to enable innovation in the space industry.

CONCLUSION

“Without your involvement you can’t succeed. With your involvement you can’t fail.”

Well said by APJ Abdul Kalam.India’s aviation and space transport are largely untapped with huge growth opportunities. It’s the need of the hour to grab these opportunities and the government should deeply involve in this process by making key changes in its policy and legal framework. A single policy should be adopted. In aviation industry, a lot of digital transformation is required. A big vision and strategy are needed to get through stormy waters. Cost pressure should be taken into account. New technology should be adopted. With the increase in competition and entry of private players, only the companies who do best will be able to survive. On the other hand, in space industry, policy changes are needed to make the space sector more accessible to private players. There’s a need of single space legislation. Changes are needed in New Space India Limited (NSIL). Last year, the finance minister announced the opening up of the ISRO’s facilities to the country’s private sector as part of its COVID-19 special economic stimulus. This was an early but a commendable step. Many a thing have changed since COVID.

As it is said, “Every cloud has a silver lining.” We should also hope for the best. It is at these times when the government was able to realize its incapability and failure and hopefully it has started considering legal and policy aspect that needs deeper consideration

Blackmarketing Of Remedesivir Directly Impacts Public Order

While displaying zero tolerance for those involved in black marketing of remedesivir, the Madhya Pradesh High Court has in a brief, brilliant, bold and balanced judgment titled Sonu Bairwa Vs State of MP & Ors in WP No. 9878/2021 delivered on July 7, 2021 has upheld the detention of a man accused of black marketing of Remedesivir injections amid Covid-19 pandemic under the National Security Act, 1980. A Division Bench of Justice Sujoy Paul and Justice Anil Verma of Indore Bench of Madhya Pradesh High Court held that black marketing of remdesivir injection has direct impact on “public order”, and the petitioner-accused if released, could indulge into same activity because the scarcity of remdesivir is still there. Without mincing any words, the Division Bench held that, “Blackmarketing of a drug like remedesivir in days of extreme crisis is certainly such an ugly act and fact which can very well be a reason for invoking Section 3 of NSA Act against the petitioner by District Magistrate.”

To start with, Justice Sujoy Paul who has authored this cogent, commendable, courageous, calibrated and convincing judgment for a Division Bench of Indore Bench of Madhya Pradesh High Court comprising of himself and Justice Anil Verma that was delivered on July 7, 2021 first and foremost puts forth in para 1 that, “The petitioner has invoked the jurisdiction of this Court under Article 226 of the Constitution to assail the order dated 17/5/2021 whereby the District Magistrate in exercise of power u/S.3(2) read with (3) of National Security Act, 1980 (for short “NSA Act”) detained the petitioner.”

To put things in perspective, the Division Bench then discloses in para 2 that, “The petitioner was detained by District Magistrate by stating that the petitioner indulged in black marketing of Remedesivir injections. Two such injections were recovered from him. In a situation when highest numbers of Covid patients were there at Indore, the act of petitioner has caused serious threat to the ‘public order’. In view of aforesaid conduct, the detention order was passed and the grounds therefore were supplied to him.”

While citing the relevant case law, the Bench opines in para 13 that, “The interesting conundrum relating to liberty and regarding extent of liberty and aspect of curtailment thereof is wonderfully explained by K.K. Mathew, J. in Smt. Indira Nehru Gandhi vs. Raj Narain (1975 (Supp.) SCC 1):-

“the major problem of human society is to combine that degree of liberty without which law is tyranny with that degree of law without which liberty becomes licence; and the difficulty has been to discover the practical means of achieving this grand objective and to find the opportunity for applying these means in the ever shifting tangle of human affairs.””

Simply put, the Division Bench then brings out in para 14 that, “The first grievance put forth by petitioner is that in the instant case, the District Magistrate and other authorities passed the orders mechanically. This runs contrary to law laid down by Supreme Court in Khudiram Das (supra) and judgment of Allahabad High Court in Dr. Kafeel Khan (supra). This Court in its recent order passed in Yatindra Verma (supra) opined that when a detenu was not absconding and yet the authorities mentioned in their orders that he was absconding, it shows non-application of mind or acting in a mechanical manner. Thus, there is no hesitation in holding that the orders to the extent petitioner was shown to be absconding are passed without proper application of mind. However, it is noteworthy that the order of detention in case of Yatindra Verma was not set aside for incorrectly mentioning the word “absconding”. On the contrary the operative reason for setting aside the detention order in the said case was that detenu’s valuable right to make a representation against the detention order to the same authority who passed the detention order was infringed and such denial has vitiated the detention order.”

While cutting across the arguments of the petitioner’s counsel, the Division Bench then points out in para 15 that, “The learned counsel for the petitioner has taken pains to contend that present petitioner is similarly situated qua Yatindra Verma (supra). The language employed in their detention orders are identical, hence petitioner is entitled to get similar treatment. The argument on the first blush appears to be attractive, but lost much of its shine on closure scrutiny. In Yatindra Verma (supra), the petitioner therein was carrying an oxyflow meter and allegation was that he was trying to blackmarket it, whereas in the instant case, the petitioner was allegedly carrying remedesivir injections, a life saving /essential drug to fight corona virus. The SP’s report in the instant case shows that the petitioner was carrying those injections. The city of Indore was struggling to cope up the acute shortage of drugs, oxygen, beds etc. because of corona pandemic. Blackmarketing of remedesivir injection has direct impact on “public order”. The petitioner, who was already detained, if released could indulge into same activity because the scarcity of remedesivir is still there was the report of SP which was relied upon by District Magistrate.”

While justifying the detention of the petitioner under the NSA and citing the relevant case laws, the Division Bench then envisages in para 16 that, “In the factual backdrop of this case, the necessary parameters on which a person already under arrest can be detained under the NSA Act are satisfied. The judgment of Yatindra Verma (supra) cannot be mechanically pressed into service in this case. This is trite that a judgment of a Court cannot be read as Euclid’s theorem [See Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Vs. N.R. Vairmani (2004) 8 SCC 579, C.Ronald Vs. UT Andaman & Nicobar Islands (2011) 12 SCC 428, Deepak Bajaj Vs. State of Maharashtra (2008) 16 SCC 14]. This is equally settled that little difference in facts or an additional fact may make a lot of difference in the precedential value of a decision (See Bhavnagar University Vs. Palitana Sugar Mill (P) Ltd & Ors.(2003) 2 SCC 111).”

Adding more to it, the Division Bench then makes it clear in para 17 that, “A person, who is already in custody can still be detained under NSA Act if i) detaining authority had knowledge about detenu’s custody, ii) there exists real possibility of detenu’s release on bail and, iii) necessity of preventing him from indulging in activities prejudicial to the security of State or maintenance of public order upon his release on bail. In the instant case, all the aforesaid ingredients were satisfied. (See: Kamini Yadav vs. State of MP & Ors. – WP No.25986/2018) and judgment of Supreme Court reported in (2012) 7 SCC 181 (Konungjao Singh vs. State of Manipur & Ors.).”

Furthermore, while citing yet another relevant case law, the Division Bench then mentions in para 18 that, “The Apex Court in (1986) 4 SCC 407 (Rajkumar Singh vs. State of Bihar) opined as under:-

“Preventive detention as reiterated as hard law and must be applied with circumspection rationally, reasonably and on relevant materials. Hard and ugly facts make application of harsh laws imperative.” (Emphasis supplied).””

Briefly stated, the Division Bench then underscores in para 19 that, “Blackmarketing of a drug like remedesivir in days of extreme crisis is certainly such an ugly act and fact which can very well be a reason for invoking Section 3 of NSA Act against the petitioner by District Magistrate.”

Be it noted, the Division Bench then lays bare in para 20 that, “Section 3(2) of NSA Act and explanation reads as under:-

“The Central Government or the State Government may, if satisfied with respect to any person that with a view to preventing him from acting in any manner prejudicial to the security of the State or from acting in any manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order or from acting in any manner prejudicial to the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community it is necessary so to do, make an order directing that such person be detained.

Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section, “acting in any manner prejudicial to the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community” does not include “acting in any manner prejudicial to the maintenance of supplies of commodities essential to the community” as defined in the Explanation to sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Prevention of Blackmarketing and Maintenance of Supplies of Essential Commodities Act 1980 (7 of 1980), and accordingly, no order of detention shall be made under this Act on any ground on which an order of detention may be made under that Act.” (Emphasis supplied).””

It would be instructive to note that the Division Bench then observes in para 21 that, “The use of “explanation” in a statute is an internal aid to construction. Fazal Ali J in (1985)1 SCC 591 (S. Sundaram Pillai & Ors. vs. V.R. Pattabiraman & Ors.) culled out from various judgments of Supreme Court the following as objects of an explanation to a statutory provision:-

(a) to explain the meaning and intendment of the Act itself;

(b) where there is any obscurity or vagueness in the main enactment, to clarify the same so as to make it consistent with the dominant object which it seems to subserve,

(d) an Explanation cannot in any way interfere with or change the enactment or any part thereof but where gap is left which is relevant for the purpose of the Explanation, in order to suppress the mischief and advance the object of the Act it can help or assist the court in interpreting the true purport and intendment of the enactment; and

(e) it cannot, however, take away a statutory right with which any person, under a statute has been clothed or set at naught the working of an Act by becoming an hindrance in the interpretation of the same.

This principle is consistently followed by Supreme Court in (2004) 2 SCC 249 (M.P. Cement Manufacturers Association vs. State of MP & Ors.) and (2004) 11 SCC 64 (Swedish Match AB vs. Securities & Exchange Board of India).”

For the sake of clarity, the Bench then clarifies in para 22 stating that, “These examples are illustrative in nature and not exhaustive. An “explanation” may be added to include something within or to exclude something from the ambit of the main enactment or the connotation of some word occurring in it (See: Controller of Estate Duty, Gujarat Vs. Shri Kantilal Trikamlal AIR 1976 SC 1935). Similarly a negative explanation which excludes certain types of category from the ambit of enactment may have the effect of showing that the category leaving aside the excepted types is included within it (See First Income Tax Officer, Salem Vs. Short Brothers (P) Ltd. AIR 1967 SC 81). Thus, the explanation in the instant case, has a limited impact on main provision i.e. sub-section (2) of Section 3 of NSA Act. It does not dilute or take away the right of detaining authority under the NSA Act regarding eventualities relating to maintenance of ‘public order’ or security of the State.”

It is worth noting that the Division Bench then puts across in simple, straight and suave language in para 23 that, “A microscopic reading of Section 3(2) with ‘Explanation’ leaves no room for any doubt that Sub-Section (2) is wide enough and deals with three contingencies when a citizen can be detained:

i) for preventing him from acting in any manner prejudicial to the security of State.

ii) for preventing him from acting in any manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order.

iii) for preventing him from acting in any manner prejudicial to the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community.”

While elaborating further, the Division Bench then puts forth in para 24 that, “The ‘explanation’ is limited to the contingency (iii) aforesaid only. The argument of Shri Maheshwari that since remedesivir is an essential drug/commodity, therefore, obstruction to its supply or blackmarketing can be a reason to invoke the blackmarketing act, but NSA Act cannot be invoked, is liable to be discarded for the simple reason that Sub-Section (2) of Section 3 is wide enough which contains and deals with three contingencies, whereas ‘explanation’ takes only one beyond the purview of the NSA Act if it is covered by Blackmarketing Act.”

Needless to say, the Division Bench then says categorically in para 25 that, “We find force in the argument of learned Additional Advocate General that blackmarketing of remedesivir creates a threat to “public order”. We have taken this view recently in the case of Yatindra Verma (supra) also. If ‘public order’ is breached or threatened, in order to maintain ‘public order’, NSA Act can very well be invoked. Thus, “explanation” appended to Sub-Section 2 of Section 3 of NSA Act will not exclude the operation of NSA Act in a case of this nature where ‘public order’ is breached, threatened and put to jeopardy.”

Frankly speaking, the Division Bench then makes it clear in para 26 that, “Interpretation of a statute must depend on the text and the context. Neither can be ignored. Both are important. That interpretation is best which makes the textual interpretation match the contextual. A statute is best interpreted when we know why it was enacted. (See: 1987 (1) SCC 424- RBI vs. Peerless General Finance and Investment Co. Ltd.).”

While citing yet another relevant case law, the Division Bench then puts it succinctly in para 27 that, “The Apex Court in (2013) 3 SCC 489 (Ajay Maken vs. Adesh Kumar Gupta & Anr.) held as under:-

“Adopting the principle of literal construction of the statute alone, in all circumstances without examining the context and scheme of the statute, may not subserve the purpose of the statute. In the words of V.R. Krishna Iyer, J., such an approach would be “to see the skin and miss the soul”. Whereas, “The judicial key to construction is the composite perception of the deha and the dehi of the provision.” (Board of Mining Examination v. Ramjee (1977) 2 SCC 256, Para-9)”.”

While endorsing the detention of the petitioner, the Division Bench then puts it plainly in para 28 that, “Sub-Section 2 of Section 3 is very wide and as noticed above, deals with three eventualities (See: Para-23). “Explanation” to SubSection 2 deals with a small part of it. The intention of law makers in inserting the ‘explanation’ is to take out cases of blackmarketing from NSA Act to some extent, to the extent it is covered by the Black Marketing Act. ‘Explanation’, by no stretch of imagination can eclipse the entire main provision namely, Sub-Section 2 of Section 3. The plain and unambiguous language of Sub-Section 2 of Section 3 makes it clear that the Competent Authority/Govt. can pass order of detention if one of the eventuality out of said three is satisfied. In the instant case, the District Magistrate has taken a plausible view that ‘public order’ is being threatened by petitioner. Thus, we are unable to hold that order of detention is beyond the purview of Sub-Section 2 of Section 3 of NSA Act.”

Quite remarkably, the Division Bench then hastens to add in para 29 that, “We will be failing in our duty if argument of Shri Maheshwari relating to “acting under dictate” is not taken into account. On the basis of certain social media posts of the Chief Minister of the State wherein he expressed his view that persons involved in black marketing of Remdesivir/drugs should be detained under NSA Act, it was argued that the detention order passed by the District Magistrate is in furtherance of said posts and amount to acting under dictate. We do not see any merit in this contention. The social media posts cannot be equated with an administrative order/instruction. It is not necessary that every social media post of a government functionary is seen/read out and followed in the administrative hierarchy. Had it been an executive instruction/order issued by higher functionary to act in a particular manner and in obedience thereof District Magistrate would have passed a detention order, perhaps the matter would have been different. Unless a clear nexus is established between the social media posts and the detention order, it cannot be said that District Magistrate has acted under dictate. Apart from this, the impugned order of District Magistrate has been examined by us on the necessary parameters and it was found that he has used his discretion in accordance with law and thus this argument of petitioner must fail.”

What’s more, the Bench then also makes it clear in para 30 that, “So far question of communication of detention order to the uncle of petitioner is concerned, suffice it to say that no prejudice was caused to the petitioner because of such communication. Indeed petitioner filed this petition and had taken legal recourse with quite promptitude. In absence of showing any prejudice, no interference on this count is warranted and judgments of A.K. Roy (supra) and Dr. Kafeel (supra) are of no help to the petitioner.”

While taking potshots at the petitioner’s tall claims of innocence, the Division Bench then minces no words to put forth in para 31 that, “The petitioner is unable to show any flaw in the decision making process adopted by District Magistrate. In absence of establishing any such illegality, no interference is warranted.”

Finally, the Division Bench then holds in para 32 that, “Petition sans substance and is hereby dismissed.”

On the whole, this noteworthy judgment by a Division Bench of the Indore Bench of Madhya Pradesh High Court comprising of Justice Sujoy Paul and Justice Anil Verma have taken the blackmarketing of remedesivir drug most seriously and has demonstrated zero tolerance towards those who indulge in it as it directly impacts public order and those in need of it are compelled to buy the drug at exorbitant rates which is most inhumanly and cannot be condoned under any circumstances! We all know how Indore was among the worst affected city in India due to Covid-19 and so under such trying circumstances if there are such type of people who still tend to think only of themselves and their vested interests and hold others to ransom then they have to pay through their nose and suffer the consequences emanating from their condemnable acts! This notable judgment has done precisely that only!

Sanjeev Sirohi

What are the Rules of Differentiation?

Differentiation is easy to deal with the following rules. It is considered to be easier than solving integrals. Most of the integrals can be evaluated using an antiderivative calculator while derivatives have some rules that students should grasp on priority.

These rules should be applied to according to the equation or underlying problem. We will explain the basic rules for students so that they can solve derivative problems like a pro.

1. Power Rule

The power rule is applied to polynomial functions. The formula is:

The example of f(x²) we solved to learn derivatives is a perfect representation of the power rule. But for more understanding, see another example:

Example:

Derivative of x⁶. Solve this using limits as well as power rules.

Solution:

Solving using limits.

Step 1: Add delta x i.e and expand the equation.

= (x + )⁶

f(x + )⁶ = (x⁶ + 6x⁵ + … + ⁶)

Step 2: Apply the formula of the slope.

= … cancelling x⁶

= 6x⁵ + 15x⁴ x + … +x⁵

Step 3: Apply limit.

f’(x⁶) =6x⁵ + 15x⁴ x + … +x⁵

= 6x⁵

Solving using power rule.

Step 1: Write the function.

f(x) = x⁶

Step 2: Identify the components and apply the power rule.

As yⁿ = ny^n-1, (we formed the formula with y to remove any confusion.)

Here, y = x

n = 6

Applying the rule;

f’(x⁶) = (6)x^6-1 = 6x⁵

The results of both methods are the same. This proves that the power rule is true for any n.

2. Sum & Difference Rule

Two functions in addition or difference are also eligible for a differentiation rule. The rules applied in such situations are;

f + g = f +g

f – g = f –g

Find f’(x) for 2x + 3x².

Solution:

Step 1: Apply derivative.

= ( 2x + 3x²)

Step 2: Apply the rule.

= 2x + 3x²

= 2.1x^1-1 + 3.2x^2-1 applying the power rule.

= 2 + 6x

3. Product Rule

When the derivative of two functions in multiplications is computed, we then use the product rule. An example of such a function will be 4x⁴(3x + 9).

The formula of product rule is:

f(x)g(x) = fg + gf

What is the derivative of 4x⁴(3x + 9)?

Solution:

Step 1: Apply derivative.

=4x⁴(3x + 9)

According to the product rule.

=4x⁴(3x + 9) + (3x + 9) 4x⁴

Step 2: Solve for (3x + 9).

=(3x + 9)

Apply sum rule.

=3x + 9

= 3 + 0 … (power rule for 3x and constant rule for 9)

= 3

Step 3: Solve for 4x⁴.

Using power rule;

= 4.{(4)x^4-1}

= 4.4x³

= 16x³

Step 4: Put the values and simplify.

= 4x⁴.3 + (3x +9)16x³

= 12x⁴ + 48x⁴ + 144x³

= 60x⁴ + 144x³

= x³(60x + 144)

4. Constant Rule

It is probably the simplest derivative rule. When we don’t have a variable in a function e.g y=4, then the derivative is 0.

f’(c) = 0

Where c is a constant number. This rule makes sense if you try to visualize it.

Since x = 0, hence there is no slope. And the graph is a straight vertical line. But let’s see this with the help of differentiation.

Example:

What is the derivative of f(x) = 5.

Solution:

Step 1: Add delta x.

f(x + ) = 3 + = 3

Step 2: Apply formula.

= 0/ = 0

5. Quotient Rule

We have a formula for product but do we have a formula for division? Yes! And It is called the quotient rule. It is mainly derived from product rule for differentiation.

A quotient equation looks something like this: . To find its derivative, it is divided into two parts; . You can see that actually, we have to perform the product rule.

= f(x) + f

All we need to do is to find the derivative of 1/g(x). Following all the familiar process of applying formula and limit, we will get:

Note that is the with a negative sign.

Or it can be written as:

Now on putting this value in the product formula we discussed above:

= +

Taking LCM.

This is the quotient rule.

Find the derivative of (x – 3)/(x³ + x).

Solution:

Directly apply the quotient rule.

Step 1: Find the derivative of (x-3).

=(x-3)

= 1

Step 2: Find derivative of (x³-x)

=(x³-x)

Using the rules discussed above;

= 3x² – 1

Step 3: Use these in the main equation.

After simplifying;

6. Chain rule

Last but not the least, we have the chain rule. It states that:

or f(g(x)) = f’{g(x)}g’(x)

This is for simplicity’s sake. When a function has many mathematical operations, it is better to convert it in terms of two functions e.g, we have a function:

f(x)= (X² + 6)⁴

Let g =X² + 6, then

f(g) = (g)⁴ where g =X² + 6

f(g(x)) = (X² + 6)⁴

To find its derivative, you first find the difference of f with respect to g and then g’(x). After that, multiply.

Solve (X² + 6)⁴

Solution:

Let g(x) = x² + 6

And f(g) = g⁴

So the derivative of f(g(x)) = f(g(x)) =f’(g(x)).g’(x).

Applying the chain rule.

Step 1: Find the derivative of g(x).

= x² + 6 … using power rule for x² and constant rule for 6

= 2x

Step 2: Find the derivative of f(g).

= g⁴

= 4g³

Step 3: Putting in the formula and multiplying.

= 4(x²+6)³. 2x

= 8x.(x²+6)³

Wrapping up

p class=”MsoNormal” style=”line-height: 22px”>All of the above listed rules of derivatives are most common rules that students have to deal with during their academic course. You should practice these rules to avoid any step backs during your exams. You should also try differentiation calculator after practicing these rules. This tool will help you out in solving derivatives while performing differentiation.

Authors Guide 101: How Books Are Publish

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Many dreamers and writers with excellent writing skills wish to write a book at least once in their life. While some like to keep their manuscripts private, many like us crave to get them published.

Writing a book for the first time is itself exacting and challenging, and getting it in front of readers and figuring out how to get it published is another real deal the first-timers face.

How Books Are Publish

If you are also the one who has always dreamt of publishing a book, this little guide is for you to have a basic idea of what goes behind the publishing process. The better you know the publishing process and how it works, the more you can make your wish come true.

1. Select Your Publishing Route

Before you proceed with publishing, first analyze if you want to go with self-publish or traditional publishing. Taking this note will guide you towards the right path, and you can identify which publishing method is suitable for you.

2. Choose A Suitable Title

Nail down an unforgettable title for your book. The more impressive your title is, the better will be the sale. Settle for the one that matches your manuscript, and don’t make it complicated.

The title you choose to name your book should be clear to your audience and should offer value to the ones reading your book.

Some of the question to keep in mind while choosing your topics are:

· Is your title short enough to read from a thumbnail image?

· Does it fascinate you?

· Can your title have an impact on one’s life?

· Is it capable enough to extract an emotional response?

Keeping the title short is always in the fashion and best sellers today only have one or two-word title because it is easy for the readers to acquire and understand.

3. Design A Cover That Converts

A well-designed cover is essential to get your book to convert into sales. This visual representation provides the first impression to your audience. If gone wrong, it will stay wrong because the first impression is always the last one.

Your cover page should be eye-catching, attractive and appeal to your audience. It should be correct according to your prose genre and let your audience know that this is the book they need to read next.

To make a cover look appealing, go for the minimalist design; exaggerated ones will confuse your audience, and they might lose interest in the first place.

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Make sure your cover is tailored according to your target audience. If the book is for an influential reader, it should not be gloomy or dreary because that makes no sense, and you’ll want to bring lights to it.

4. Get Feedback From Others

Third-party feedback can be of great benefit to you. As soon as you are done with your book, go to trusted critics, see what they think, ask them to evaluate your manuscript and provide accurate feedback.

You can also help them provide honest feedback. How? You can distribute anonymous forms among your critics or appraisers and ask relevant questions on different elements such as protagonist and antagonist, storyline, prose, etc.

You can also use rating forms, as I did to write my essay for me; they are comparatively much easier to evaluate. But while taking the feedback, make sure you go to the qualified ones and also ask them to propose the solution, not just point it.

5. Pitch A Good Book Editor

Hiring a good editor can become a life-changer for you. Don’t rush in this stage and take as much time as you want and find a great editor for your book.

Make sure the editor you choose is a good fit for your niche and interested in the subject matter so they can proofread and edit your book in less than a month and include back-and-forth revisions wherever needed.

A good editor can either make you a best-selling author or an ordinary one. Therefore, be wise in choosing the right editor for your book and make sure his edits are accurate and make sense to you.

Look in your circle if you can find a qualified one. If you cannot, that’s not a big deal either. Hanging on your budget, you can hire a cheap assignment writing service or a professional book editor or a budget-friendly editor from any freelancing platform like Fiverr, Upwork or Aquent, etc. Before settling for the one, don’t forget to check references and portfolios of their work.

6. Create A Kindle Direct Publishing Account

When you feel that your book is ready to hit the market and plan to self-publish it, you can start your publishing process by signing up for a KDP account.

To upload your book on a kindle publishing account:

1. Locate and click on “your bookshelf.”

2. Next, click on “kindle e-book actions.”

3. Third step involves clicking on “edit eBook content.”

4. And then, click on “upload eBook manuscript”.

5. Now, upload your book from the computer.

Amazon lets you select numbers of keywords so your book can easily reach your intended audience. You can also check other best-selling books from your niche and look at what keywords their author have chosen.

Once amazon completes uploading your file, you will be sent a confirmation message to preview the uploaded file and look for the errors. After uploading your book, create your amazon author central account, add your link, bio, photographs, etc. and few steps after this, you’ll be ready to publish your book and don’t forget to click “save and publish” in the book editing screen.

Conclusion

if you are an apprentice and planning to publish a book, Amazon is the right platform for you. But after you publish your book, don’t forget to market it to the fullest. You can leverage blog posts and connect with other authors ready to cross-promote or employ third-party services that cater to your book’s intended audience.

Author bio

Stella Lincoln is an Assistant Editor at Assignment Assistance, a perfect place for higher education students to get their essay help at reasonable rates. She is a travel buff and loves to stroll around the city during her free times.

What Is Guest Posting And How Is It Used For SEO?

If you’re a blogger and you’re not completely happy with the level of traffic being driven to your site, you need to ask yourself a simple question – is it worth investing more time in guest posting?

If you’ve got your head screwed on right and you know your stuff, the answer should be a resounding yes.

Despite some speculation about the longevity of this particular inbound marketing strategy (we’ll get to this later), guest posting is still one of the best ways to grow your audience and drive traffic to your site.

So, what is guest posting in SEO, how do you do it, and what should you know about it?

The Basics Of Guest Blogging

The basic definition of guest blogging is pretty straightforward – it means posting on another person’s blog as a guest.

You contribute content to someone’s blog and in return you get an external backlink to your own blog and wider exposure.

It’s a simple concept with a clean sounding, win-win logic, but why exactly is guest posting a good idea?

What Does Guest Posting Accomplish?

For a start, what does guest blogging accomplish from the perspective of the guest?

Firstly, guest blogging is about building relationships. You’re networking with other bloggers and making new connections which might prove useful later on down the line.

Bloggers can be influential people and their chatter makes up a large proportion of conversation on the internet.

Through guest posting and getting to know people, you might indirectly end up increasing your influence in the social media world.

Secondly, guest blogging introduces you to a new audience. By essentially tapping into the host blog’s audience you are making a pitch to an already established community ready to hear what you have to say.

If you’re adding value to their reading experience, then they’re likely to head over to your blog to check out your other content. A big focus of guest blogging is on the next, third point, but the effect of actual click throughs to your blog shouldn’t be neglected.

Thirdly, guest posting is big in the world of SEO (search engine optimisation). This is the context in which it is most often discussed, and guest blogging is indeed an undeniably important way to drive traffic to your blog.

When you post on another person’s site, the one thing you should be adamant about is their inclusion of a link to your own blog.

This might be embedded in the text, or might be included in the author bio. However it’s incorporated, generating these links is one of the main goals of guest blogging.

Being referenced on reputable, quality sites is a big factor in how big search engines decide to rank your blog.

Over time, generating these backlinks will help boost you in the search engine rankings. That’s why people refer to guest blogging as being ‘good for SEO’.

But What Does Guest Posting Do For The Host Site?

Mostly it’s about generating interesting, new content. That’s why you’re guest posts will have to be good, especially if you’re small fry looking to publish on a more reputable platform.

From the perspective of the host, guest blogs are essentially free content, and who doesn’t love free content? Of course, the more prominent the blog, the pickier they can afford to be.

There’s also something of the community vibe to guest blogging lower down in the food chain. Amongst small to medium bloggers, hosting other peoples’ blogs is about helping each other out.

If you’re posting on other blogs, it makes sense for you to offer the same courtesy to others. It’s a win-win strategy, and both of you will benefit from the cooperation.

How To Go About Guest Posting

So, guest posting is good for SEO, it introduces you to a new audience, and it helps you make friends. How do you get started?

First step, you need to find a blog that will host you. There are a few ways you might want to do this. There are some sites out there that actively list blogs which are up for guest posting. However, the links can be unreliable. Moreover, you might not be getting the quality hosting that you’re truly aiming for.

Submit Guest post for publication to editor@pen2print.org

Know more at https://www.pen2print.org/p/guest-post-offer.html

How to Get Purchase Good Domains

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Web domains are a huge concern for businesses and even educational institutes that have created recognition for their ventures and have to entertain large followership of visitors, customers, and clients online.

Not only are they important due to the current internet addressing scheme, but they also help you, and your website gets found by search engines and online users. However, domain names can be extremely competitive, and some of them can even cost more than $3 million at times, e.g. Voice.com was sold for $30 million back in 2019.

According to a recent study by Statista.com, 51.6% of the global websites as of October 2020 used a ‘.com’ top-level domain.

The market share of leading TLDs worldwide 2020 study also reveals that 6.3% of the global websites used ‘.ru’ followed by 4.5% of global websites using ‘.org’ as top-level domains. Furthermore, 3.4% of global websites used.net TLD.

This data was based on the top 10 million websites, whereas some 1.83 billion websites are speculated to being present on the internet.

In light of this information, let’s take a quick look at some handy tips that you should consider when purchasing domains for yourself or your business.

· Picking a Good Domain Name

Picking the right name domain name for your website is absolutely crucial for both your short and long term success. In fact, for the best colleges, it is a matter of grave concern. Here is what you should do:

· While domain name extensions have a lot of variety, sticking with .com offers you the common use advantage.

· Including keywords in your domain name can serve as an advantage and help you rank higher on search engines.

· Short domain names are user friendly, and anything longer than 15 characters can be difficult to remember.

· Domain names should also be easy to spell and pronounce. This naturally makes them more shareable across multiple channels.

· Branded domain names are always appreciated since that makes them unique and stand out from the crowd.

· But most important of all, always research your domain name and check its availability. It should never lead to a trademark war with other companies.

· Choosing the Right Registrar

We cannot buy a domain name for life. That is why it has to be registered with a domain name registrar. You should only prefer to work with ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) accredited domain name registrars.

The ICANN is a non-profit organization that monitors the domain name market and regulates domain name registrars in general. Choosing the right registrar matters as you will be required to renew your registration every year-end.

In this case, you should look for domain name registrars that give you the maximum grace period to renew your contract with them once it expires.

For establishments that are confident and looking forward to the long haul often register their domain names for a period of 10 years; however, 1-2 years is pretty standard for all companies and organizations.

Here are some of the most recommended domain name registrars you should consider buying your domain name:

1. Domain.com – one of the most popular domain name registrars on the planet. Started in 2000, they can offer you all TLDs and several dozen ccTLDs (country code TLDs).

2. GoDaddy – one of the oldest and most popular domain registration companies. They manage more than 77 million domain names for over 18 million customers.

3. HostGator – another renowned domain name registrar along with web hosting services that should be evident through their name. HostGator offers nice options with domain privacy, etc.

· Privacy Protection (WHOIS & RDAP)

The ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers) identified RDAP (Registry Data Access Protocol) as a WHOIS alternative.

WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for querying databases that store information, including domain name, IP address block, and much more. The important point you need to understand here is that you need to check your domain privacy.

Some companies have clauses in their contract that allow them to automatically collect your customer and visitor information related to your domain. Registrars who are noteworthy offer domain privacy where the user’s information in the WHOIS is replaced with a forwarding service via proxy server.

Always look for domain privacy so that you know that your domain data is not being leaked to other parties without your knowledge.

· Add-Ons and Extras

When searching for domain names and domain names registrars, it is best that you look for those that offer you the best add-ons and extras.

These can be completely free of cost or come at a very marginal cost that barely serves to become a bother. Young learners who buy coursework should also consider such add-ons and extras before deciding to buy a domain. Some of the best add-ons include:

· Domain privacy

· Customized email addresses

· Free web hosting for a limited period of time

· A finely designed and easy to use user panel to control your domains

· Payment methods and solutions such as PayPal, credit card, bank transfer, etc.

· Website builders

· Extended expiration protection

· Domain parking and much more

· Transfer Fees

Domain names can be moved from one domain registrar to another. However, this request cannot be processed during the first 60 days of registration, as ICANN decided.

While most domain name registrars make it easy to transfer domain names without any additional charges, however, some can double down and downright make you pay hefty amounts.

Hence it is always best to review the domain transfer policy before you decide to purchase a domain. Pupils that request maestros to do my essay should also consider transfer fees before planning to run their own website.

· Check for Domain Abuse

You want to stay clear of any domains that have been abused in the past. Therefore you should always consider checking the domain name history if it has one.

There are various tools available online that can help you determine how the domain was handled and whether they were some disputes regarding its use in the past.

Obviously you want to stick with a domain that provides you with a clean slate to build your own reputation. ICANN Lookup and WHOIS History are good places to start looking into domain history.

Conclusion

As an ending note, I would like to mention that before you decide to buy a domain name, please consider the hidden charges and go through the customer reviews.

This will give you a better idea of what domain name registrar you should decide to work with and whom you should absolutely avoid at all cost.

Your research in this regards matters a lot, and any sensible person would not make light of this advice. For now, this is it. All the best for your future endeavors!

Author Bio

Stella Lincoln currently works as the Assistant Editor at Crowd Writer and Student Essay. This is where higher education candidates can request professionals to write my assignment to acquire specialized assistance for their subjects and topics. During her free time, she likes to doodle and create wall art.

How To Get A Netflix Free Account Easily

Do you feel like you are missing out on some amazing series and movies? Don’t worry; we have got just the thing for you. No more FOMO for you all. The sneaky tricks I am going to tell you will help you get a Netflix account for FREE!! All of these tricks are a hundred percent genuine and will get you the results you want. So what are we waiting for? Let’s dive in.

Use The Netflix Trial Offer

This one is pretty basic and is very well known already, and this is an excellent way to enjoy your favorite Netflix films and shows at no cost at all. As you might already be familiar with it, Netflix offers its users a free one-month trial time period, so why not dwell on the offer and use it to its fullest.

This offer stays valid for a month only, although Netflix does send a follow-up subscription trial for another month at times. If you are lucky enough, it sends you one as soon as your previous one gets expired, or it can take a few months to send one across. Honestly, it’s very easy to use. Now there are very few steps that you have to follow to avail this thing.

Download the app on your smartphone/ laptop. Then you will see a button there which says “join free for a month” simply click it. This will lead to the subscription page, which will show you all the plans available. Choose the premium plan on the chart and just continue. Now you just need to register yourself, sign up, and click continue. In the next step, they will ask you for your credit card details.

You don’t have to worry. You won’t have to pay anything. After that is done, you’ll simply have your account, and you’ll get your subscription for free now, voila enjoy. Do not forget to cancel your subscription after one month, or else the money will be deducted from your card.

Netflix Gift Card

This is also one of the easiest and most efficient ways to avail a Netflix subscription at absolutely no cost at all. If someone gifts you one of these, you are good to go for a subscription. Although Netflix itself does not sell cards online, there are a few on amazon on Flipkart that can help you. It is pretty easy to use it once you have the card.

The steps go like this:

Firstly you need to go to the official site of Netflix.

Go to the subscription plan page.

Select the gift card option.

Enter the 11 digit code on the back of the card.

You are then all set to use your Netflix card, see we helped you decide your birthday gift too. You are welcome.

Use The SBI Net Banking Trick

** This trick is only for state bank of India users**

The first step is to open the SBI site and then login.

Select the dashboard section and then go to the section of where it shoes cards, and then lastly go to the selection of cards and go to virtual cards > Virtual Cards.

Then you have to create a virtual card that has validity for only one single day.

Copy the details of your card.

Click on pay after using the virtual card option.

Done, congratulations. You now have a new Netflix account for free.

Use Flikover And Get Netflix At 100 Rs

First, you have to visit the official website of flikover

Make a new account and register here.

And just pay ₹100 to the account using your card.

All set, now you have successfully got a Netflix Premium Account for just free.

You can enjoy this offer for a month now without any hesitation at all.

Use IRCTC I Mudra App

Firstly, you have to download the IRCTC IMUDRA APP from your play store.

Create an account and log yourself in

Complete your KYC (Know Your Customer) after that.

You can use any official government id to do so.

Now, after that, you will see the option of Getting A VISA Virtual Card.

You have to click on it.

After that, you’ll get your VISA Card from IRCTC iMudra App.

Now you have to open your Netflix Account and then Go to the section where it shows you the premium membership plans.

And finally, use your IRCTC’s VISA Card to Get your own Netflix Free Subscription.

Conclusion

Without any second thought, Netflix is being used by everyone majorly. It is being preferred more than any cable also. People will just get a Netflix subscription other than that of a cable. This is fair also because Netflix has a lot of various genre shows and movies and for everyone from kids to the older people, so there Is nothing that can keep people away from it except its price, which we got the perfect solution for that is you can actually use netflix for free, you can thank us later! Go grab your favorite food to munch on. Let the show begin.

5 tips for a cyber Secure Home Experience

Cybersecurity became a full new ball game for a few IT departments when coronavirus forced businesses into enabling employees to figure from home, many of them for the primary time. Risk-averse organizations will have it covered with long-standing business continuity plans; others may have been smart enough to determine protocols and processes within the origin of the lockdown, but more are struggling to place something in situ after the event. One certainty in uncertain times is that hackers and complicated cybercriminals are looking to use the explosion in home working and vulnerabilities that are inevitable when unexpected arrangements replace the carefully monitored activity that typically protects a business. Here’s a list of the top 5 things that can help you secure your home cyber experience.

Make a password management tool and make sure you use strong passwords: You may have heard that strong passwords are critical to online security. Use this link (https://iprouterlogin.com/192-168-2-1/ ) to know about the ip logins and passwords. The reality is passwords keep your hackers out of your data. If you want to make it easy to manage your passwords, try to use a password account vault or a password management tool. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST)2017 new password policy framework, you should consider:

Dropping the crazy, complex mixture of upper case letters, symbols, and numbers. Instead, go for something that is more user-friendly but at least eight characters and a maximum of 64 characters.
Do not use the same password twice.
Always reset your password in case you forget it and change it at least once in a year for general safety.
Your password should contain at least one lowercase letter, one uppercase letter, one number, and four symbols but not the following &%#@_.
Set your password that is easy to remember and never leave any hint for the public or the hackers to hack it.

2. Use anti-virus protection and firewall: Anti-virus (AV) protection software has been the foremost prevalent solution to fight malicious attacks. Antivirus software stops any kind of viruses from entering your device and hampering it. Take an AV software from a trusted vendor and use only that software for your device. Using a firewall is additionally important when defending your data against malicious attacks. A firewall helps classify hackers, viruses, and other malicious activity that happens over the web and determines what traffic is allowed to enter your device. Your router should even have a firewall inbuilt to forestall attacks on your network.

3. Keep your software up to date: Ransomware attacks were a serious attack vector of 2017 for both businesses and consumers. One of the foremost important cybersecurity tips to mitigate ransomware is patching outdated software, both software systems, and applications. Here are some quick tips to induce you started:

Turn on automatic system updates for your device
Make sure your desktop browser uses automatic security updates
Keep your applications program plugins like Flash, Java, etc. updated

4. Learn about Phishing Scams – be very suspicious of emails, phone calls, and flyers: In a phishing scheme attempt, the attacker poses as someone or something the sender isn’t to trick the recipient into divulging credentials, clicking a malicious link, or opening an attachment that infects the user’s system with malware, trojan, or zero-day vulnerability exploit. This often ends up in a ransomware attack. 90% of ransomware attacks originate from phishing attempts. A few important cybersecurity tips to recollect about phishing schemes include:

Bottom line – Don’t open email from people you don’t know

Know which links are safe and which don’t seem to be – hover over a link to find where it directs to

Be suspicious of the emails sent to you generally – look and see where it came from and if there are grammatical errors

Malicious links can come from friends who are infected too. So, be extra careful!

5. Protect Your Sensitive Personal Identifiable Information (PII): Personal Identifiable Information (PII) is any information that may be employed by a cybercriminal to spot or locate a person. PII includes information like name, address, phone numbers, date of birth, Social Security Number, IP address, location details, or other physical or digital identity data. Your MasterCard information should be protected by companies if they follow the PCI DSS standards.

In the new “always-on” world of social media, you ought to be very cautious about the data you include online. it’s recommended that you just only show the very minimum about yourself on social media. Consider reviewing your privacy settings across all of your social media accounts, particularly Facebook. The risk of social security will increase if you add your birth date, home address, or other personal identification information. Hackers use this information to their advantage!

So here are few tips that can help you secure your home cybersecurity. Do give it a read and apply it.

The Impact Of Internet On Society: A Global Perspective

This article entails the broad societal impacts of the Internet in our lives. But first, let us throw some light on the definition of the Internet.

What Is the Internet, Exactly?

The Internet is a global computer network that provides a variety of information and communication facilities to people around the world and consists of interconnected networks. In a nutshell, it connects millions of computers globally.

The discovery of the Internet has revolutionized the world; this alone bears the basis of other inventions happening worldwide. The Internet laid the foundation for communication and information technology and made our work more comfortable in every sector.

How Has It Impacted Us?

Today we can not imagine our lives without the Internet, it has become a necessary utility for us. Through this discovery, humans are now connected more than ever in all its entirety. This has proved to be a boon for us. It has provided us easy and affordable access to communicate with anyone on the planet and free and effortless information about anything, including the routers that help to connect. This resource provides us with various router logins. Besides, this reforming discovery laid the stepping stones for e-commerce, cashless transactions, digital marketing, and much more.

Has It Helped Us In Any Way?

The Internet has brought unprecedented growth in the world’s economy by making all the rigorous methods into unchallenging acts. Moreover, this has provided awareness and education to the masses and simultaneously made the decision-making process a piece of cake.

‘Internet is a technology of freedom’ words of Ithiel De Sola Pool in 1973. This freedom has opened doorways to the utopian and dystopian perceptions when analyzed carefully.

It has pioneered social networking, enabling people to socialize and connect intimately with their friends and family in the nick of time, which has proved to be benevolent and malevolent. There are so many platforms for people to engage with others on the Internet like Facebook, the largest of all social media websites accessible worldwide, Mixi in Japan, Baidu for China, Orkut in Brazil, and many more. These platforms brought a significant change for society at large.

Has It Redefined Socializing?

These social media websites have brought a profound meaning of socializing. As of now, around 4.5 billion people are Internet-connected, 3.725 billion active social media users, and ordinary people spend about 142 minutes of the day being on social networking. These stats have proved the irony that people are more social in virtual life than in the real material world.

Due to the Internet’s presence in the business sector, it has seen exponential growth as people are now taking initiatives and launching their startups more efficiently than ever before. Companies are managing the offshore subsidiaries, marketing their products, and operating like a walk in the park.

The Internet has played a vital role in the booming of the entertainment industry. It is also very beneficial for other sectors to take the lead like the Tourism sector, telecommunications, and more. It has decreased by about 70% of the red tape and provided a place to store your data and information safely.

Is It All Good, Or Does It Have Its Bad Sides?

In the world where the balance concept has a large fan base, Yes, the Internet does have a dark side. Today it is also easier to fall prey to the illegal activities and malpractices performed by people, and also it has increased bullying, stalking, spamming and social isolation. The Internet is the leading cause of pornographic content and violent acts, moreover people hack accounts of others to get access to private things.

What Is Cyber Crime?

Together, these acts of aggression have coined the term ‘Cyber Crimes, ’ which in brief entails all the wrongful doings on the Internet.

The Internet poses significant challenges to us as expansion in every sector is seen in terms of technology and can create vulnerable systems in which security and privacy are the biggest concerns. The growth of the Internet Of Things has a lot to offer but protecting, and safeguarding have been holding it back. During the era of cybercrimes, you should be well aware of insightful guides from routerlogin.mobi.

With the burgeoning merits of the Internet, the disadvantages also have taken an upturn. Thus, people using the Internet daily look at the bright side and end up being easy targets to illicit practices. The Internet has also been an encouragement to social segregation, anxiety, addiction, trolling, fake news, and viruses.

Conclusion

The Internet is a two-edged sword, but the better side outweighs the other one. This century is defined by the discovery of the Internet, hence to enjoy the benefits, we have to tackle the dark effects that come with it. To be safe and secure, we must first be aware of all the scams and misdoings happening around us and then follow the steps to safeguard ourselves towards them.

From writing letters to taking meetings on Zoom, we all grew up and can see the change and dynamism that came with this reforming invention. The Internet is the weapon to destroy humanity\’s hopes for the worse, or it has the power to trigger revolutionary change for the betterment of humankind.

Guest Posts on High Authority Publication Sites

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1. Power Rule

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2. Sum & Difference Rule

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3. Product Rule

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4. Constant Rule

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5. Quotient Rule

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6. Chain rule

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Wrapping up

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Authors Guide 101: How Books Are Publish

How Books Are Publish

1. Select Your Publishing Route

2. Choose A Suitable Title

3. Design A Cover That Converts

4. Get Feedback From Others

5. Pitch A Good Book Editor

6. Create A Kindle Direct Publishing Account

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What Is Guest Posting And How Is It Used For SEO?

The Basics Of Guest Blogging

What Does Guest Posting Accomplish?

How To Go About Guest Posting

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How to Get Purchase Good Domains

· Picking a Good Domain Name

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· Privacy Protection (WHOIS & RDAP)

· Add-Ons and Extras

· Transfer Fees

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Conclusion

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Use The Netflix Trial Offer

Netflix Gift Card

The steps go like this:

Use The SBI Net Banking Trick

Use Flikover And Get Netflix At 100 Rs

Use IRCTC I Mudra App

Conclusion

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What Is the Internet, Exactly?

How Has It Impacted Us?

Has It Helped Us In Any Way?

Has It Redefined Socializing?

Is It All Good, Or Does It Have Its Bad Sides?

What Is Cyber Crime?

Conclusion

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Per post, maximum two links in a post

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Per post, maximum two links in a post

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