Interpersonal relationship skills at a workplace is very important for organisation culture , if in the organisation, the interpersonal relationship is not good with their employees then it creates conflicts in the employees and they do not work with effectively in the organisation. Interpersonal relationships affects organisation culture it create conflict among the employees and employers. And it affects the objectives of organisation and employees are not satisfied at workplace.

Interpersonal relationship skills at workplace allow a better understanding among employees as well as more effective communication. For individuals spending, on average, seven to eight hours of their day at work, it is irrational to believe they can work all by themselves. So we all ought to have healthy interpersonal relationships at work in order to be able to have a friendly ambience. Interpersonal relationship skills refer to the ability to build rapport with individuals having similar interests and goals as we do. In a workplace, interpersonal relationship skills allow us to share a special bond with our co-workers such that trust and positive feelings for one another are maintained.

Why are interpersonal relationships important

The importance of interpersonal relationships in workplace is evident from the following benefits:

▪︎Greater employee satisfaction

Human being is a social animal. Working in isolation makes an individual prone to stress and he starts to find his job monotonous. Therefore, interpersonal relationships give employees a chance to form close relationships with fellow co-workers, developing in them a sense of joy as well as satisfaction.

▪︎Better decision making

Any important decision making within an organization is based on its employees brainstorming to find the best ideas and strategies. However, this requires a platform such that every individual has the liberty and an equal opportunity to express his views and opinions. Such effective communication is best possible when employees have close associations with each other that allows for effective communication as well as some honest feedback.

How to improve interpersonal relationships skills

Interpersonal relationships in an organisation are critical for the job as well as career success of individual employees. However, they also require lot of efforts on the part of the employees to nature and maintain them. Following are some of the tips that can help you improve you interpersonal relationships skills and achieve the ultimate success you desire :

▪︎Interact with your colleagues or subordinates more often. Greet your colleagues every day you see them if they are from a different team. Also provide an open platform for everyone to discuss any issue at hand encourage honest feedback . Whether you use verbal or written communication method makes little difference but you must be able to make informed decisions. Hiding things from a co- worker or ignoring him may spoil your relationship with him.

▪︎Conduct as well as attend morning meetings , Leaders should make it a habit to arrange and members should make sure to attend morning meetings. However, these meetings should not be made too formal e.g. by allowing coffee mugs as well as informal interactions between the members during the meeting.

▪︎Arrange picnics as well as off-site meetings for team members. Meeting outside the office, in an effort to change the ambience , gives team members a special opportunity to open up each other and build strong bonds of friendship overtime.

• self knowledge helps an individual know his/her strengths and weaknesses, and make the right decision when need arises. This can help enhance relationships with others.
• Self-esteem helps you think highly of yourself. It allows you to express yourself which can be really empowering and necessary in a relationship.
• one way you could increase your self esteem id by surrounding yourself with positive and inspirational people who can help make you feel worthy.

• being in a romantic relationship that is loving increases happiness
• an abusive one can be a painful experience
• many opportunities for social events when in a great friendship
• painful when a friendship dissolves
• work relationships can be professional and personal
• they can be polite and fun or stressful
• family relationships can be friendship and work as well

Self knowledge and self esteem

Stimulation

A relationship with others gives you different types of stimulation

• Intellectual from conversation,
• Physical from touch,
• Emotional from sharing emotions.
• They give you many physical and emotional health benefits but also have some disadvantages.

Emotional & Physical Health

Life is filled with relationships ,and relationships are tricky! They have millions of complex components but no worries.

Advantages, the positivity in interpersonal communications that makes your life easier and uplift your health in many ways you would not think it could, e.g. Self-esteem and self-knowledge.

Disadvantages, the factors that lead to poor interpersonal relationships between the certain parties, such as; Jealousy and bullying.

There on forward poor interpersonal relationships leads to one not wanting to continue the relationships which can cause both mental and physical illness, whereas mental (depression) leads to physical illness (obesity, drugs and etc.) .

Loneliness

• emotions and physical health are correlated
• emotions are real and can be a positive attribute in relationships
• being physical fit increases ‘endorphins’ which benefits personalities
• moods can be a reflect, poor emotional state or physical health
• Physical health places you in the spot light
• Emotional health gives variety to expressions

Group Presenters pleasure and pain

• How loneliness affects different kinds of relationships
• If loneliness is an advantage or disadvantage in these different relationships
• Family, work, romantic, online and friendship relationships show that loneliness can mostly be seen as an disadvantage
• In some cases, loneliness can be seen as an advantage in family and work relationships.

The word “fencing” comes from the verb “brandish” and this comes from the German verb “skermjam” which means to repair or protect. Fencing, organized sport involving the use of a sword, foil, or sabre for attack and defense according to set movements and rules. Although the use of swords dates to prehistoric times and swordplay to ancient civilizations, the organized sport of fencing began only at the end of the 19th century. It’s often called “physical chess” because of the similarity that each game affords only a few moves, especially few opening moves, but the first few moves can be arranged in a mind-boggling number of different combinations. Also, a good attack plan in either sport will be backed up by a second plan, in case the defender counters the first one, even a third or fourth. People who are good chess players, if physically fit, tend to make good fencers. Also, the sport brings together a wide range of people both genders, wide range of ages. It tends to be good company.Competitive fencing is one of the five activities which have been featured in every modern Olympic Games, the other four being athletics, cycling, swimming, and gymnastics.

There are three different blades in fencing

Epee– target area is full body and no priority; a double hit gives points to both fencers or teams. Points are scored by hitting the opponent with the point of the blade.

Foil– target area is chest only and there is priority*. Points are scored by hitting the opponent with the point of the blade while having priority.

Sabre– target area is upper body and there is priority. Points are scored by hitting opponent with blade while having priority.

Clothing

Protective clothing for fencing is made to the highest standard and is designed to look good and be practical.The rules lay down that the fencer must be dressed in white from head to foot, and the jacket must overlap the breeches by at least 10 cm at the waist. An ‘under-plastron’ should be worn under the jacket. This provides extra protection under the sword arm and part of the chest and back.Breeches must fasten under the knee, and long socks must cover the legs. Jackets for women have pockets for chest protectors, and these should always be used.

One glove is worn on the sword hand and this has a long cuff to cover the jacket sleeve at least halfway between the wrist and the elbow.

Early History

The earliest depiction of swordplay is a relief in the temple of Medinat Habu, near Luxor in Egypt, built by Ramses III about 1190 BCE. This relief must depict a practice bout or match, as the sword points are covered and the swordsmen are parrying with shields strapped to their left arms and are wearing masks (tied to their wigs), large bibs, and padding over their ears. Swordsmanship, as a pastime and in single combat and war, was also practiced widely by the ancient Persians, Babylonians, Greeks, and Romans as well as by the Germanic tribes.

The Romans brought sword combat to a highly systematic art that was taught to both their legions and their gladiators. Gladiators were trained in schools (ludi) by professional instructors (doctores). Beginners practiced with a wooden sword called a rudis. More-advanced training took place with weapons that were somewhat heavier than those used in actual combat.From the time of the fall of Rome through the Middle Ages, the practice of sword fighting continued unabated, although sword training became less uniform and began to reflect the ideas of the individual masters-at-arms. At this time, schools of sword fighting also developed a somewhat unsavoury quality, attracting members from the criminal element of society who wanted to learn the skilled use of weapons. Many communities found that the only way to deal with this problem was to outlaw fencing schools within their boundaries. For example, in London in 1286 King Edward I passed an edict that decried “the most unheard-of villainies” perpetrated by swordsmen and threatened swift justice for teaching sword-related skills. Despite such laws, fencing schools flourished.

FIVE MAIN RULES OF FENCING

Equipment

Fencing competitors must wear the necessary proper equipment, including a face mask, a fencing jacket, a pair of fencing pants to protect the legs and a fencing glove that covers the sleeve on the sword arm. Officials will check participants before each bout to make certain the equipment reaches all safety standards. Fencers must also wield approved weapons, whether a foil, saber or epee.

Scoring

Fencing utilizes a simple scoring system, awarding one point for each time a fencer touches his opponent with his weapon. Depending on the manner of competition, bouts may last five touches with a time limit of three minutes or 15 touches and a time limit of nine minutes, according to the rules of the U.S. Fencing Association.

Target

A fencer must touch his opponent in an approved target zone of the body to register a point, with the target changing depending on the weapon used. In epee fencing, contacting anywhere on the opponent’s body registers a touch. Sabre fencing limits the target zone to the torso, meaning anywhere above the waist. Foil fencing reduces it even further, restricting the target area to the trunk only and removing the arms and head from consideration.

Playing Area

Fencers compete on a long, narrow strip of material and must remain on the fencing strip at all times. The strip, or piste, must be 46 feet long and measure between 5 and roughly 7 feet wide. The strip contains a center line, two on-guard lines roughly 6 feet from the center line and two lines marking the rear limits of the strip roughly 23 feet from the center line.

Penalties

If a fencer steps beyond the strip’s legal side boundaries, the official will award 1 meter, or approximately 3 feet, of ground to the opponent on the restart. Stepping beyond the strip’s rear limit results in an awarded touch to the opponent. Officials may also award touches to the opponent if a fencer attacks with both hands, if a fencer doesn’t obey instructions or if a fencer displays poor sportsmanship or overly violent behavior.

Offensive

• Attack: A basic fencing technique, also called a thrust, consisting of the initial offensive action made by extending the arm and continuously threatening the opponent’s target. They are four different attacks (straight thrust, disengage attack, counter-disengage attack and cutover) In sabre, attacks are also made with a cutting action.
• Riposte: An attack by the defender after a successful parry. After the attacker has completed their attack, and it has been parried, the defender then has the opportunity to make an attack, and (at foil and sabre) take right of way.
• Feint: A false attack with the purpose of provoking a reaction from the opposing fencer.
• Lunge: A thrust while extending the front leg by using a slight kicking motion and propelling the body forward with the back leg.
• Beat attack: In foil and sabre, the attacker beats the opponent’s blade to gain priority (right of way) and continues the attack against the target area. In epee, a similar beat is made but with the intention to disturb the opponent’s aim and thus score with a single light.
• Disengage: A blade action whereby the blade is moved around the opponent’s blade to threaten a different part of the target or deceive a parry.
• Compound attack: An attack preceded by one or more feints which oblige the opponent to parry, allowing the attacker to deceive the parry.
• Continuation/renewal of Attack: A typical epee action of making a 2nd attack after the first attack is parried. This may be done with a change in line; for example, an attack in the high line (above the opponent’s bellguard, such as the shoulder) is then followed with an attack to the low line (below the opponent’s bellguard, such as the thigh, or foot); or from the outside line (outside the bellguard, such as outer arm) to the inside line (inside the bellguard, such as the inner arm or the chest). A second continuation is stepping slight past the parry and angulating the blade to bring the tip of the blade back on target. A renewal may also be direct (without a change of line or any further blade action), in which case it is called a remise. In foil or sabre, a renewal is considered to have lost right of way, and the defender’s immediate riposte, if it lands, will score instead of the renewal.
• Flick: a technique used primarily in foil and epee. It takes advantage of the extreme flexibility of the blade to use it like a whip, bending the blade so that it curves over and strikes the opponent with the point; this allows the fencer to hit an obscured part of the target (e.g., the back of the shoulder or, at epee, the wrist even when it is covered by the guard). This technique has become much more difficult due to timing changes which require the point to stay depressed for longer to set off the light.

Defensive

• Parry: Basic defence technique, block the opponent’s weapon while it is preparing or executing an attack to deflect the blade away from the fencer’s valid area and (in foil and sabre) to give fencer the right of way. Usually followed by a riposte, a return attack by the defender.
• Circle parry: A parry where the weapon is moved in a circle to catch the opponent’s tip and deflect it away.
• Counter attack: A basic fencing technique of attacking your opponent while generally moving back out of the way of the opponent’s attack. Used quite often in epee to score against the attacker’s hand/arm. More difficult to accomplish in foil and sabre unless one is quick enough to make the counterattack and retreat ahead of the advancing opponent without being scored upon, or by evading the attacking blade via moves such as the In Quartata (turning to the side) or Passata-sotto (ducking). Counterattacks can also be executed in opposition, grazing along the opponent’s blade and deflecting it to cause the attack to miss.
• Point-in-line: A specific position where the arm is straight and the point is threatening the opponent’s target area. In foil and sabre, this gives one priority if the extension is completed before the opponent begins the final action of their attack. When performed as a defensive action, the attacker must then disturb the extended weapon to re-take priority; otherwise the defender has priority and the point-in-line will win the touch if the attacker does not manage a single light. In epee, there is no priority, the move may be used as a means by either fencer to achieve a double-touch and advance the score by 1 for each fencer. In all weapons, the point-in-line position is commonly used to slow the opponent’s advance and cause them to delay the execution of their attack.

Fencing is harder to pick up and start doing than many other sports. While you can pick up a ball and (more or less) start shooting baskets, learning the basic movements required to fence against another beginner can take a lot of practice.

Women empowerment refers to making women powerful to make them capable of deciding for themselves. Women have suffered a lot through the years at the hands of men. In earlier centuries, they were treated as almost non-existent. As if all the rights belonged to men even something as basic as voting. As the times evolved, women realized their power. There on began the revolution for women empowerment.

As women were not allowed to make decisionsfor them, women empowerment came in like a breath of fresh air. It made them aware of their rights and how they must make their own place in society rather than depending on a man. It recognized the fact that things cannot simply work in someone’s favor because of their gender. However, we still have a long way to go when we talk about the reasons why we need it.

Need for Women Empowerment

Almost every country, no matter how progressive has a history of ill-treating women. In other words, women from all over the world have been rebellious to reach the status they have today. While the western countries are still making progress, third world countries like India still lack behind in Women Empowerment.

In India, women empowerment is needed more than ever. India is amongst the countries which are not safe for women. There are various reasons for this. Firstly, women in India are in danger of honor killings. Their family thinks its right to take their lives if they bring shame to the reputation of their legacy.

Moreover, the education and freedom scenario is very regressive here. Women are not allowed to pursue higher education, they are married off early. The men are still dominating women in some regions like it’s the woman’s duty to work for him endlessly. They do not let them go out or have freedom of any kind.

In addition, domestic violence is a major problem in India. The men beat up their wife and abuse them as they think women are their property. More so, because women are afraid to speak up. Similarly, the women who do actually work get paid less than their male counterparts. It is downright unfair and sexist to pay someone less for the same work because of their gender. Thus, we see how women empowerment is the need of the hour. We need to empower these women to speak up for themselves and never be a victim of injustice.

How to Empower Women?

There are various ways in how one can empower women. The individuals and government must both come together to make it happen. Education for girls must be made compulsory so that women can become illiterate to make a life for themselves.

Women must be given equal opportunities in every field, irrespective of gender. Moreover, they must also be given equal pay. We can empower women by abolishing child marriage. Various programs must be held where they can be taught skills to fend for themselves in case they face financial crisis.

Most importantly, the shame of divorce and abuse must be thrown out of the window. Many women stay in abusive relationships because of the fear of society. Parents must teach their daughters it is okay to come home divorced rather than in a coffin.

Women’s empowerment is the process of empowering women. Empowerment can be defined in many ways, however, when talking about women’s empowerment, empowerment means accepting and allowing people (women) who are on the outside of the decision-making process into it. Women’s empowerment is the most crucial point to be noted for the overall development of a country. Many people think that the days of women fighting for their rights are over but those people are wrong because one out of every three women have been public ally sexually harassed by random men they don’t know. Every day women are put down and told how to act and that they were asking for it if you wear that making woman feel that it is their fault, it is not. Many celebrities are all for girl power such as Liza Koshy and Lilly Singh (who has her own late night show and has won many awards and also raised money for #girllove and other charities) “This puts a strong emphasis on participation in political structures and formal decision-making and, in the economic sphere, on the ability to obtain an income that enables participation in economic decision-making.”Empowerment is the process that creates power in individuals over their own lives, society, and in their communities. People are empowered when they are able to access the opportunities available to them without limitations and restrictions such as in education, profession and lifestyle. Feeling entitled to make your own decisions creates a sense of empowerment. Empowerment includes the action of raising the status of women through education, raising awareness, literacy, and training. Women’s empowerment is all about equipping and allowing women to make life-determining decisions through the different problems in society.

Alternatively, it is the process for women to redefine gender roles that allows them to acquire the ability to choose between known alternatives whom have otherwise been restricted from such an ability.There are several principles defining women’s empowerment such as, for one to be empowered, they must come from a position of disempowerment. For example: A stripper no longer has to take off her clothes to get money and now is a receptionist for a respectable company. Empowerment stems from self respect. Furthermore, one must acquire empowerment themselves rather than have it given to them by an external party. Other studies have found that empowerment definitions entail people having the capability to make important decisions in their lives while also being able to act on them. Lastly, empowerment and disempowerment is relative to other at a previous time; therefore, empowerment is a process, not a product.

Women empowerment has become a significant topic of discussion in developmentand economics. It can also point to the approaches regarding other trivialized gendersin a particular political or social context.

Women’s economic empowerment refers to the ability for women to enjoy their right to control and benefit from the resources, assets, incomeand their own time, as well as the ability to manage risk and improve their economic status and well being.

While often interchangeably used, the more comprehensive concept of gender empowerment refers to people of any gender, stressing the distinction between biological and gender as a role.

Entire nations, businesses, communities and groups can benefit from the implementation of programs and policies that adopt the notion of women empowerment.Empowerment of women is a necessity for the very development of a society, since it enhances both the quality and the quantity of human resources available for development Empowerment is one of the main procedural concerns when addressing human rights and development.

Women’s empowerment and achieving gender equality is essential for our society to ensure the sustainable development of the country. Many world leaders and scholars have argued that sustainable development is impossible without gender equality and women’s empowerment Sustainable development accepts environmental protection, social and economic development,and without women’s empowerment, women wouldn’t feel equally important to the process of development as men. It is widely believed that, the full participation of both men and women is critical for development. Only acknowledging men’s participation will not be beneficial to sustainable development. In the context of women and development, empowerment must include more choices for women to make on their own. Without gender equality and empowerment, the country could not be just, and social change wouldn’t occur. Therefore, scholars agree that women’s empowerment plays a huge role in development and is one of the significant contributions of development.

The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Army,and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), who is a four-star general. Two officers have been conferred with the rank of field marshal, a five-star rank, which is a ceremonial position of great honour. The Indian Army originated from the armies of the East India Company, which eventually became the British Indian Army, and the armies of the princely states, which were merged into the national army after independence. The units and regiments of the Indian Army have diverse histories and have participated in a number of battles and campaigns around the world, earning many battle and theatre honours before and after Independence.

HISTORY: The distinguished history of Indian Army dates back more than ten thousand years. The two grand epics of ‘Ramayana’ and ‘Mahabharata’ constitute the fundamental framework around which the edifice of Indian Army is built. The massive war ‘Mahabharata’, fought at Kurukshetra in north-central India, has left indelible imprints on the Indian psyche. Fought relentlessly for eighteen days in the quest of peace, the force level described in the Epic states 18 ‘Akshaunis’, seven with the ‘Pandavas’ and eleven with the ‘Kauravas’, amounting to nearly 400,000 assorted troops fighting on chariots, horses, elephants and foot soldiers.
Role:Indian Army is mandated to safeguard National Interests from External Aggression and Internal Subversion.

TASK:War Fighting to meet External Aggression.

Internal Security Management to include Internal Threats.

Force Projection.

Peace Keeping Operations or Military Assistance to friendly foreign countries.

Render Humanitarian Assistance, Disaster Relief and Aid to Civil Authorities.

Command. & Control
The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. As in all democracies, the Indian Armed Forces are controlled by the elected political leadership of the Nation – The Government of India. Executive control is exercised sequentially through the Union Cabinet, the Defence Minister, the Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) and the Chiefs of Army, Naval and Air Staff of their respective Services. The Ministry of Defence handles matters related to personnel, financial and resource management.

The primary mission of the Indian Army is to ensure national security and national unity, to defend the nation from external aggression and internal threats, and to maintain peace and security within its borders. It conducts humanitarian rescue operations during natural calamities and other disturbances, such as Operation Surya Hope, and can also be requisitioned by the government to cope with internal threats. It is a major component of national power, alongside the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force