IBBI announces results of the National Online Quiz on the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI), in collaboration with MyGov.in, conducted a ‘National Online Quiz on Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016’ from 1st July to 31st July, 2020 to promote awareness and understanding of the Code among various stakeholders across the country. The Quiz was open for all Indian citizens above 18 years of age, except for individuals working in IBBI, service providers registered with IBBI, and also their immediate family members.

The Quiz received overwhelming response with 1,25,781 (One lakh twenty-five thousand seven hundred and eighty-one) participants. There were participants from every State and every Union Territory. Uttar Pradesh accounted for the highest participation with 15.7% of total participants, followed by Maharashtra with 11.7% and Delhi with 6.9%.

The ‘Certificates of Merit’ are being emailed to these meritorious participants by 10th September, 2020.

Among the top 10% participants, Maharashtra returned the highest number, accounting for 15% of them, followed by Delhi with 11.7% and Uttar Pradesh with 11.4%. About 51% of the top 10% participants are in the age group of 18 to 25 and more than 82% of them are in the age group of 18 to 35. 5. The Quiz received interest from a wide range of stakeholders, including students, professionals, and employees. About 29% of the top 10% performers are students or members of chartered accountancy, 9% are students or members of company secretaryship, and 7% are employees of banks and financial institutions.

In terms of the Guidelines on the Quiz, the best performer is to be awarded a Gold Medal with a cash prize of Rs.1,00,000 (One lakh rupees), the second best performer is to get a Silver Medal and a cash prize of Rs.50,000 (Fifty thousand rupees), and the third best performer, a Bronze Medal and a cash prize of Rs.25,000 (Twenty-five thousand rupees). The following are the three best performers in the Quiz:

Best Performer: Mr. Aritra Saha, aged 23 years (User ID- 5292314). He has a Bachelor of Engineering degree from Army Institute of Technology and is currently working with Vodafone Shared Services, Bengaluru.

Second Best Performer: Mr. Pawan Khandelwal, aged 25 years (User ID- 25404624). He is a Chartered Accountant, currently working with GAIL (India) Limited, and posted in Bengaluru. Third Best Performer: Ms. Vakati Venkata Gnanusha, aged 24 years (User ID- 24778204). She is pursuing LLM from Osmania University, Hyderabad, after completing BSL LLB from ILS Law College, Pune.

The awards to the best performers will be given away at an appropriate function of the IBBI.  The IBBI extends heartiest congratulations to the best performers and all the top 10% performers in the Quiz.

Humanity no more!…

In the dense forest of kambini national park, there lived a tigress called maya with her a year old cub zilmil. Maya was agile and strong tigress with long teeth and a beautiful pattern on her body. She ruled her territory like a queen. Zilmil was a female cub,just a replica of her mother. Maya used to teach her hunting and watch her struggle while attempting it. Both were happy together. Zilmil used to play with her mother, dance on her body and maya used to appreciate it by licking her. There was so much love in between them.
One day, hunters came into the jungle. Maya was aware of the fact that this day would come in her life for once. But zilmil was her priority. So she hides her behind bushes and goes in front. The hunter was pointing his gun towards maya. But she looked fearless. At that moment, she was not just a tigress but a mother with a fire within to protect her kid. Maya jumped furiously towards the hunter. But before she could attack, the hunter shot her down with a bullet. The hunter’s assistant asked him,’How did you do that?’. “Hunting is bread for me and enjoy killing them” he replied with a devil’s smile.
As zilmil saw her mother down in pain, she tried to attack the hunter jumping on him. But she was just a kid. The hunter grabbed her in one hand and shot her. Now both of them were down and took the final breath.
When Maya and zilmil reached the heaven, Zilmil asked maya, “What was our fault maa?” “We believed they are humans”, she replied.

2020 JEE MAIN and ADVANCED: rules at examination centers

After filing several petitions by students, Politicians to postpone engineering, medicine entrance examinations due to COVID—19 ,the High court after ensuring if all the safety measurements taken by the managements of both the departments are good enough, had made a clear statement that there will be no further postpones of entrance examinations as that  would have a major effect on students’ career. So the engineering entrance examination JEE MAIN tends to start from 1st September 2020 and will continue till 6th September 2020. The examination mode is online as usual.

The schedule for the exam sessions is as follows:

  • B. Arch exam is scheduled on 1st September 2020. Students taking B. Arch exam are divided into two shifts i.e., 9:00 am to 12:00 pm and 3:00 pm to 6:00 pm
  • B. Tech exams are scheduled from 2nd September 2020 to 6th September 2020 and the timings are same as that of B. Arch.

Usually till now the students are informed to take their admit card, aadhar card and not anything like pen, plank, water bottle, rough papers as those will be provided by the authorities at the examination center. But in 2020, in order to ensure the safety of the students, the rules at the examination centers are changed by NATIONAL TESTING AGENCY (NTA) due to COVID-19.

Those are:

  • The body checking will be with with metal detectors instead of manual checking.
  • Students are strictly ordered to throw their masks which they carried from their home to the examination center and should go into the hall with the mask given by the authorities.
  • Students are allowed to take their own water bottles and sanitizers.
  • Students are not allowed to take their admit card out from the hall but have to show it to the authorities and throw it in the dustbin there itself.
  • Students are required to sign a declaration form with their photograph stating that they are not the victims of corona virus.
  • The gates will be closed before half an hour of exam time.
  • Five A4 size sheets will be kept at each candidate desk for rough work. if additional sheets are required for rough work by the candidate, the same shall  be made available on demand.
  • Before each shift starts seating area will be thoroughly sanitized-monitor, keyboard, mouse, webcam, desk and the chair. Candidates can further sanitize with sanitizers bought with them.
  • Candidates are required to paste a photograph and sign the attendance sheet only after sanitizing their hands.
  • On completion of a shift, the candidates will be permitted to move in an orderly manner one candidate at a time.
  • Candidates must drop the Admit Card and rough sheets in the advised boxes after displaying to the staff available next to the drop box. If any candidate misses to drop Admit Card or Rough sheets in boxes, action which also includes disqualification from the exam can be taken against him/her.

For any further details, updates, date of declaring results visit official website of NTA www.nta.ac.in

The B. Arch exam is going to be held in 224 cities all over India in 489 different centers. Among the 8,58,273 applications of JEE-MAIN 1,10,000 students are going to take B. Arch on 1st September 2020.

The results for JEE-MAIN will be declared within a week or 10days after the last session. The qualified students of JEE-MAINS will be eligible to take JEE-ADVANCED.

All the Indian students who are eligible to take JEE-Advanced need to start the registration from Saturday, September 12, 2020. The exam will be held on Sunday, September 27, 2020.the examination consists of two papers (paper 1 and paper 2) and students have to take both the papers compulsory. The schedule for JEE-Advanced is as follows:

Date of ExaminationSunday, September 27,2020
Paper 109:00 am to 12:00 pm
Paper 202:30 pm to 5:30 pm
JEE (Advanced) 2020 Schedule

The Schedule will remain same even though September 27, 2020 is declared as a public holiday.

All PwD candidates are eligible for 1 hour compensatory time for both the papers.

JEE-Advanced 2020 registration for foreign nationals who have studied (are studying) abroad at 10+2 level or equivalent will start on Saturday, September 5, 2020.

For further details and updates regarding JEE-Advanced 2020 visit the official website www.jeeadv.ac.in

Most Powerful IN THE MCU!!!!

28. Mantis
mantis guardians of the galaxy
Pom Klementieff as Mantis. Marvel Studios
Abilities: As an empath, Mantis can read the emotions of others while touching them. She can also influence and alter their emotions — “to some extent,” in her words.

Power scale: 1. Mantis’ powers are quite potent. She was able to make Ego, an ancient and powerful Celestial, sleep against his will in “Guardians of the Galaxy 2.” She was also instrumental in the near defeat of Thanos in “Infinity War.” But neither would have been possible without the help of other characters: In the former case, Drax carried her away from danger and saved her life; in the latter, Doctor Strange put her in place to subdue Thanos. Her skill set is extremely specific and, when it comes to most situations, not very useful.

27. Rocket
rocket raccoon guardians of the galaxy
Bradley Cooper voices Rocket Raccoon. Marvel
Abilities: Thanks to genetic enhancements, Rocket is extremely intelligent and far more durable than a regular raccoon.

Power scale: 1. Rocket is most useful in situations that require plotting, strategizing, laying traps, and manipulating science and technology. But in the thick of a battle, he’s useful only so far as he can use a powerful gun. He was nearly crushed by an enemy ship at the end of “Endgame” and survived only because of Tony’s snap.

26. Drax
drax
Dave Bautista as Drax. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Drax has superhuman strength, durability, agility, and regenerative powers.

Power scale: 1. In theory, Drax is a great warrior. He was able to overpower most of Ronan’s forces in “Guardians of the Galaxy.” But compared with many of the Avengers, he hasn’t shown us anything too impressive. Plus, he’s not the brightest, and his confidence is a bit overinflated, so that has caused some problems (see: trying to attack Thanos alone in “Infinity War” and jumping in a monster’s scary mouth in “Guardians of the Galaxy 2”).

25. Shuri
shuri black panther
Letitia Wright as Shuri. Marvel
Abilities: Shuri, the Princess of Wakanda, doesn’t have any powers. She’s the nation’s leading expert in science and technology, especially adept at employing the many uses of vibranium. She’s also the world’s best and most prolific inventor.

Power scale: 1. Shuri is the smartest person in the MCU and an irreplaceable asset. But she does her best work off the battlefield, where she designs and builds weapons, armor, and shields for others. She can hold her own in a fight to some extent, but she doesn’t have the same training or battle instincts as many of our other heroes.

24. Star-Lord
star lord guardians of the galaxy
Chris Pratt as Peter Quill, aka Star-Lord. Marvel/Disney
Abilities: Star-Lord is half-human and half-Celestial, but with the destruction of his father came the destruction of Star-Lord’s power source. At this point, he’s just a human with fancy gadgets and a lot of confidence. He also seems to have retained some superhuman durability.

Power scale: 1. While Star-Lord is a skilled fighter and marksman, his recent performances have all but stripped him of his credibility. He single-handedly ruined the nearly successful plan to defeat Thanos (after barely even helping subdue him) and would’ve been killed by some lame alien in “Endgame” if Gamora hadn’t saved him. He’s nearly useless when he’s not coordinating with a team.

23. Wasp
ant man and the wasp evangeline lilly wasp
Evangeline Lilly as Hope Pym, aka Wasp. Marvel
Abilities: Hope is an agile and acrobatic fighter, having been highly trained in martial arts. When equipped with the Wasp suit, she can shrink — which increases her proportional strength — and fly.

Power scale: 1.5. While Hope showcases some impressive battle instincts in “Ant-Man and the Wasp,” we simply don’t have enough evidence of her abilities to give her any extra points. From what we’ve seen, she’s certainly powerful by regular standards, but she would likely lose to nearly any other Avenger in combat.

22. Groot
groot infinity war
Vin Diesel voices Groot. Marvel Studios
Abilities: As a sentient tree, Groot can extend and manipulate his body in apparently limitless ways. He can use his limbs as swords and never has to worry about them breaking off because they always grow back. In “Guardians of the Galaxy,” we saw him form an impenetrable barrier with his branches, get blown up for the sake of his friends, and regrow.

Power scale: 2. Groot is incredibly strong and adaptable when he’s fully grown. But as a teenager, he’s not as experienced in battle (and very prone to moodiness). But to be fair, he’s basically immortal, and it’s super impressive when he skewers a group of enemies with one arm.

21. Wong
dr strange wong infinity war
Benedict Wong as Wong. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Wong is a Master of the Mystic Arts, a sorcerer sworn to defend the fabric of reality.

Power scale: 2. Wong has powerful magic at his fingertips, but he’s basically a watered-down version of Doctor Strange. We haven’t seen him fight very much; he was pretty useless in “Doctor Strange” and bowed out of the action entirely in “Infinity War.” He helped protect people in “Endgame,” so that was helpful, but we wouldn’t want to see him go up against a major villain one-on-one.

20. Okoye
okoye black panther
Danai Gurira as Okoye. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Okoye, the general of the Dora Milaje, takes her job extremely seriously. She doesn’t have any powers, but according to Nakia, she’s the best warrior in Wakanda — and Wakanda has a lot of warriors. Having a vibranium-powered weapon helps too.

Power scale: 2. Anyone would want Okoye on their side for a fight. We’ve never even seen her injured. But she doesn’t have any enhanced abilities or armor, which kind of puts her close to the bottom of our list by default.

19. Falcon
falcon
Anthony Mackie as Sam Wilson, aka Falcon. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Sam Wilson doesn’t have any powers. Using his specialized winged jetpack, he can fly with incredible speed and agility. He also uses goggles in flight to enhance his vision.

Power scale: 3. Without his wings, Falcon doesn’t seem like much of a fighter — and we saw him suffer when they were damaged in “Captain America: Winter Soldier.” But he’s super good at maneuvering them, and he’s had some impressive moments: He sent Proxima Midnight flying in “Infinity War” and killed a massive space monster with his sharp wings in “Endgame.” He also earned a half-point when Steve Rogers chose him as his Captain America successor, because we trust Steve’s judgment.

18. War Machine
war machine infinity war
Don Cheadle as James Rhodes, aka War Machine. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Rhodey doesn’t have any powers, and he lost the use of his legs in “Civil War.” In battle, he uses an iron suit made by Tony Stark that’s largely equipped with machine-gun-style weapons and explosives.

Power scale: 3. War Machine is a valuable Avenger because of his heart and courage of conviction. His weapons can be very handy in a large fight, as we saw in the Battle of Wakanda — but they’re honestly primitive compared with the types of blasters we’ve seen come from space or from Tony’s suit. It’s not as if anyone off the street could operate the suit, but without Tony’s help, War Machine can’t improve his technology or evolve as a superhero. And as far as we know, he doesn’t have any hand-to-hand combat skills.

17. Ant-Man
ant man 2
Paul Rudd as Scott Lang, aka Ant-Man. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Scott Lang doesn’t have any powers. In battle, he uses a size-manipulation suit designed by Hank Pym. He’s able to shrink to incredibly small sizes — increasing his proportional strength — and grow to incredibly large ones.

Power scale: 4. We’ve seen Ant-Man at his most powerful when he uses his ability to grow. At that size, he can withstand a tremendous amount of firepower and crush enemies effortlessly with a single foot. But we also know that he can’t maintain that huge size for very long without sustaining damage.

Scott uses the shrinking technology very skillfully, but he’s pretty useless without the suit (which he didn’t design or build), and many of Ant-Man’s powers are useful only in pretty specific circumstances.

16. Winter Soldier
winter soldier bucky rocket infinity war
Sebastian Stan as Bucky Barnes, aka Winter Soldier. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Bucky Barnes received a variation of the super-soldier serum that gave Captain America his abilities. He has enhanced strength, durability, speed, agility, reflexes, and healing. He also has a cybernetic arm, now made of vibranium, which increases his strength even more.

Power scale: 4. We’ve seen Winter Soldier hold his own against (or even defeat) Captain America, Black Widow, and Black Panther. We know he can expertly assassinate scores of people. But all this happened while he mind-controlled by Hydra forces, which made him cutthroat and ruthless.

Since Shuri was able to “reset” his mind, we’ve only seen him use a gun. It seems he’s not as effective as he once was. On top of that, thanks to “Civil War,” we know his arm can be forcibly removed or blasted off, making him vulnerable in a battle against superpowered people.

15. Valkyrie
valkyrie thor ragnarok
Tessa Thompson as Brunnhilde, aka Valkyrie. Marvel
Abilities: As an Asgardian, Brunnhilde has superhuman strength, durability, speed, reflexes, agility, and stamina. She’s also a highly trained member of Asgard’s elite force of Valkyries, making her a renowned warrior. (Even Thor says that growing up he wanted to be a Valkyrie.)

Power scale: 5. Not only did Valkyrie survive on the bloodthirsty planet Sakaar for many years — she thrived. As a scavenger, she had to subdue and capture powerful warriors, including Hulk. She also overpowered Loki fairly easily. And she was drunk the whole time! Later, Valkyrie was essential in defeating Hela in “Thor: Ragnarok” and very helpful against Thanos’ army in “Endgame.”

14. Nebula
avengers endgame nebula fight scene
Karen Gillan as Nebula. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Nebula was trained and “perfected” by Thanos, meaning she’s a highly skilled half-machine assassin. Even before he replaced an assortment of her body parts with advanced technology, Nebula had naturally higher physical capabilities, including strength and durability.

Power scale: 5. We’ve seen Nebula snap necks and throw people around with one arm. She briefly held her own against Thanos in “Infinity War,” and he even said Nebula nearly managed to murder him when she snuck on board his ship. But we also know that Gamora has overpowered her in every fight they’ve ever had. Thanos’ abuse took a significant emotional toll, which has likely bled into her efficacy as a warrior.

13. Hawkeye
hawkeye clint barton avengers endgame
Jeremy Renner as Clint Barton, aka Hawkeye, aka Ronin. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Clint Barton doesn’t have any powers. He’s an expert marksman who uses specialized arrows that burn and explode, among other things. In the years between “Infinity War” and “Endgame,” he became Ronin, a skilled assassin with a samurai sword.

Power scale: 5.5. Hawkeye’s abilities may seem inadequate in the face of the Avengers’ enemies — something he poked fun at in “Age of Ultron” — but there’s a reason he’s still alive. As we saw in “Endgame,” he can single-handedly cut down huge groups of enemies and, aided by the mastery of his fancy arrows, hold off swarming hordes of aliens.

The fact that Hawkeye can operate on an even playing field with superhuman warriors like Valkyrie and Nebula, without any powers at all, moves him up on our point scale.

12. Black Widow
black widow
Scarlett Johansson as Natasha Romanoff, aka Black Widow. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Natasha Romanoff didn’t have any powers. She was tirelessly bred to become one of the most fearsome spies and assassins in the world. She was typically armed with a specialized electroshock weapon but could also handle guns, spears, knives, or swords with ease.

Power scale: 6. With the help of Captain America and Falcon, Black Widow defeated two of Thanos’ minions with apparent ease. She was also extremely effective when fending off his monstrous army in Wakanda.

While Black Widow was trained by Hawkeye, she secured a spot above him on this list by overpowering and outsmarting him in “Endgame.” In sacrificing herself, she solidified her worth as a hero and proved the student had become the master.

11. Gamora
gamora
Zoe Saldana as Gamora. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Gamora is a Zehoberei, an alien species that naturally possesses superhuman strength and durability. She was trained and cybernetically enhanced by Thanos, who called her “the fiercest woman in the galaxy.” He regarded her more highly than any of his other “children” or soldiers.

Power scale: 6.5. Gamora is similar to Black Widow: She was raised, nearly from birth, to be a ruthless assassin and has proved her prowess many times over. But she has natural abilities that far surpass non-enhanced humans, and she earned a fearsome reputation throughout the galaxy before turning on Thanos. As Rocket told her, “anyone who’s anyone knows who you are.”

10. Vision
vision
Paul Bettany as Vision. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Vision was an android with a synthetic vibranium body, allowing him to walk through walls and fly. His consciousness was a combination of Tony Stark, Bruce Banner, Stark’s artificial intelligence, and the Mind Stone.

Power scale: 7. In theory, Vision should be one of the most powerful Avengers: He had the freaking Mind Stone embedded in his forehead. But it’s clear that Vision never tapped into the stone’s true power — possibly because he knew what kind of destruction and horror that could cause. He even admitted that he didn’t understand the stone and that it controlled him more than he controlled it.

He was also meant to be the smartest and certainly the most righteous Avenger. He was even able to wield Thor’s hammer in “Age of Ultron.” But in actual battle scenes, he didn’t prove himself very effective. He was useless in “Infinity War” and managed to survive only with Wanda’s help. When he was destroyed by Thanos, Vision didn’t even put up a fight.

9. Hulk
avengers endgame smart hulk diner
Mark Ruffalo as “Professor Hulk,” a combination of Hulk’s body and Bruce Banner’s mind. Disney/Marvel
Abilities: Hulk, Bruce Banner’s rage-fueled alter ego, was created by Bruce’s version of the super-soldier serum and a huge blast of gamma radiation. His main power is his remarkable, untiring strength. Plus, Hulk is basically immortal, and Bruce himself is a genius.

Power scale: 7.5. Hulk has traditionally been seen as the strongest Avenger physically — and for good reason, though he’s been subdued by both Iron Man and Thor. Then he got wrecked in “Infinity War,” and we haven’t seen him fight since. Now that Bruce has managed to merge his mind with Hulk’s body, he seems thoroughly disinterested in fighting. The Hulk body is still wildly strong and nearly indestructible, but Bruce no longer has Hulk’s ferocity, and now it looks as if he has only one working arm.

8. Black Panther
black panther
Chadwick Boseman as T’Challa, aka Black Panther. Marvel
Abilities: Whoever holds the Black Panther mantle in Wakanda — currently King T’Challa — is given heightened abilities after eating the Heart-Shaped Herb. He has superhuman strength, speed, durability, agility, stamina, healing, and reflexes.

T’Challa is also a master martial artist and tactician. His Black Panther suit is weaved with nearly indestructible vibranium that can absorb kinetic energy, such as blasts or punches, and repurpose it as a counterattack.

Power scale: 7.5. Black Panther’s strength and enhanced abilities are on par with those granted by Captain America’s super-soldier serum. His fighting style is graceful and acrobatic, setting him apart from many of our other heroes — as does his quiet, intense resilience. Even when he was caught off guard without his suit in “Civil War,” he was essentially equal to Winter Soldier in hand-to-hand combat. With the energy-absorbing suit that made its debut in “Black Panther,” he’s nearly invulnerable.

7. Spider-Man
tom holland spiderman far from home
Tom Holland as Peter Parker, aka Spider-Man. Sony Pictures
Abilities: When Peter Parker was bitten by a radioactive spider, he gained the proportionate strength of a spider — making him considerably stronger, faster, more durable, and more agile than the average man. He also has enhanced senses that give him incredible battle instincts, allowing him to dodge and counter incoming attacks more effectively. Plus, you know, he can shoot webs from his hands and climb up walls.

Peter Parker is also far more intelligent than the average teenager. His peers tend to see him as the smartest in his competitive honors school, and he’s the star of the Academic Decathlon with minimal effort.

Power scale: 8. In “Civil War,” Spider-Man’s first real fight, he handily defeated both Falcon and Winter Soldier. He even held his own against Captain America (though Cap was clearly holding back).

It’s true that he’s still young and relatively inexperienced. In “Infinity War,” he was easily smacked down by Thanos and was even restrained by Star-Lord, somehow. But that began to shift in “Endgame.” Now, with the evidence from “Spider-Man: Far From Home,” we can say that he’s finally come into his own and accessed his real power.

Spider-Man has become a fully fledged Avenger — especially now that he has near-unlimited access to supersuits and weaponry designed by Tony Stark. He’s one of very few characters who can actually understand and build these designs, which means he’ll only get more dangerous.

6. Doctor Strange
doctor strange
Benedict Cumberbatch as Doctor Strange. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Doctor Strange is a Master of the Mystic Arts, a sorcerer sworn to defend the fabric of reality. He has nearly infinite stores of magic and can bend aspects of space and time (even though he can’t use the Time Stone anymore).

Other Masters have noted that Strange seems born for the mystic arts and, according to the Ancient One, Strange is destined to be “the best of us.”

Power scale: 8.5. The nature of the mystic arts does put Strange at a slight disadvantage because he needs to move his arms and hands to access his power — which is how Ebony Maw was able to capture him in “Infinity War.” But we can’t hold Strange’s loss to Thanos against him, because he knew how that battle would turn out. He knew the Avengers had to lose first in order to win. So we don’t know how Strange would have fared in that fight if he hadn’t seen his own death occur in advance, but we do know that without him, Tony and the Guardians wouldn’t have stood a chance.

In “Endgame,” Strange mostly focused on practical damage control, so we didn’t see him face off with Thanos again. But we did see that he can teleport whole armies from across the galaxy, so that’s a huge plus.

5. Iron Man
iron man infinity war
Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark, aka Iron Man. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Tony Stark’s so-called powers all came from his genius-level intelligence. He built the first Iron Man suit while held captive by a terrorist group in a cave in Afghanistan. Over the following years, he constantly rebuilt and improved his Iron Man technology, eventually harnessing nanotech to create an extremely durable suit with powerful weapons.

Power scale: 9. Iron Man was the only Avenger able to injure Thanos in “Infinity War,” and he did it when Thanos had already collected four Infinity Stones. He was also the only person Thanos knew by name, as evidence of Iron Man’s fearsome reputation.

“Endgame” solidified and built upon that reputation. Iron Man was able to outsmart Thanos in the most important possible moment and briefly wield the power of all six Infinity Stones, which previously seemed as if it should be impossible for a regular human body to withstand.

4. Captain America
captain america infinity war
Chris Evans as Steve Rogers, aka Captain America. Marvel Studios
Abilities: After enlisting to fight in World War II, Steve Rogers was chosen for Project Rebirth and injected with the super-soldier serum. It gave him an ideal physical form, making Rogers indefinitely fitter, stronger, and more durable than any other human. He has enhanced senses, and his body heals itself ridiculously quickly.

Captain America typically wields a shield made of vibranium, though we’ve seen him easily master every other weapon he’s laid his hands on — including Thor’s hammer, Mjolnir. He’s the only known human who’s been able to lift it, since, according to Thor, it would cause any other person’s body and mind to collapse simultaneously.

Power scale: 9.5. Captain America was in a position to kill Iron Man in “Civil War,” which puts him higher on our ranking. He has consistently defeated opponents with flashier powers and is probably unbeatable in close hand-to-hand combat (barring an opponent with powers like Thor’s or Captain Marvel’s). Plus, as we know from his famous catchphrase, his sheer will and determination make him an invaluable Avenger. He literally never gives up.

3. Scarlet Witch
scarlet witch elizabeth olsen
Elizabeth Olsen as Wanda Maximoff, aka Scarlet Witch. Marvel
Abilities: Wanda Maximoff and her brother were the voluntary subjects of Hydra experiments. Scientists used the Scepter, which housed the Mind Stone, to give them otherworldly powers. The scientists didn’t actually know about the Mind Stone or understand its uses, so the Maximoffs were not directly subjected to its power. But the Scepter did grant Wanda powerful abilities like telekinesis, telepathy, and energy manipulation.

Her psionics allow her to fly, generate force fields, move large objects, and project dangerous blasts of energy. She can also invade the minds of her enemies and plant realistic, disturbing visions that can incapacitate them out of fear. We saw her do just that in “Age of Ultron” with Iron Man, Captain America, Black Widow, and Thor.

Power scale: 10. They did Wanda dirty in “Infinity War.” Her feelings for Vision may have impeded her powers, or at least her abilities to wield them effectively. But she’s also the only hero who was able to face Thanos one-on-one while sustaining zero injuries — and she did it twice. She held him off with one hand in “Infinity War,” and he had already collected five stones by that time. She was on the verge of overpowering him in “Endgame” and might have succeeded if he hadn’t “rained fire” from his ships. We’ve seen Scarlet Witch grow more powerful with each appearance, and it appears she’s getting better at harnessing her raw power.

2. Thor
thor endgame
Chris Hemsworth as Thor. Walt Disney Studios
Abilities: Members of the Asgardian royal family are not actual gods, per se — but they’re as close to gods as you can get. Thor is ridiculously powerful, such that only his father and older sister (both dead) would surpass his strength. He’s not immortal, but he’s close to invulnerable, considering he endured the full force of a star and survived.

Thor is most powerful when he can channel his powers through an enchanted, loyal weapon forged on Nidavellir, like the hammer, Mjolnir, or the ax, Stormbreaker. But as the God of Thunder, he can also summon and harness pure lightning.

Power scale: 20. Thor is so powerful that filmmakers are constantly looking for ways to handicap him. In “Ragnarok,” they destroyed his hammer. In “Infinity War,” they took him out of the picture for most of the action — and when they put him back in, a suitable weapon in his hands, he was mere moments away from killing Thanos. In “Endgame,” they gave him severe symptoms of alcoholism and depression, undermining his ability to fight effectively.

Read more: Why Thor’s brand new look in ‘Avengers: Endgame’ is problematic, especially when his story line had so much potential

If Thor were at peak potential during most of the Avengers’ battles, they probably wouldn’t have lasted very long. In fact, he didn’t even discover his true potential as the God of Thunder until “Ragnarok.” There’s no telling how powerful he truly is, because Marvel is constantly putting obstacles in his way — and even with those, he’s easily the second-strongest hero we’ve seen.

1. Captain Marvel
Captain Marvel
Brie Larson as Carol Danvers, aka Captain Marvel. Marvel Studios
Abilities: Though she was born on Earth as a regular human, Carol Danvers absorbed the power of the Tesseract, which housed the Space Stone. She was granted superhuman strength, speed, and flight. She can emit extremely powerful photon blasters from her fists.

Additionally, she was made into a Kree-human hybrid after the Kree soldier Yon-Rogg gave her blood transfusions. The Kree are naturally stronger and more durable than humans. Thanks to her time with the Kree Starforce, Captain Marvel is also highly trained in combat.

Power scale: 100. “Captain Marvel, she is as powerful a character as we’ve ever put in a movie,” the Marvel Studios head, Kevin Feige, told Vulture. “Her powers are off the charts, and when she’s introduced, she will be by far the strongest character we’ve ever had.”

He was right. We saw Captain Marvel punch through an entire spaceship with complete ease, mere moments after realizing her true power. She didn’t need training or time to learn how to harness her abilities, as many Avengers did.

We’ve seen her manipulate cosmic energy at will, armoring her body with surging power that allows her to fly through space and withstand attacks. She flew across multiple light-years in one night while carrying an entire spaceship; she wasn’t budged or even affected when Thanos punched her in the head. There is no one in the MCU who could even come close to her power.

Read more:
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‘Avengers: Endgame’ may not have any end-credits scenes but it does tease 2 big hints for future Marvel movies — here they are
‘Avengers: Endgame’ has a subtle nod to ‘Iron Man 3’ you probably missed

Journey of a lifetime

They cut into the ocean in a perfectly perpendicular line. Their color changes depending on how much of the rock is submerged in water in low or high tides and how much sunlight reflects on their smooth surface, but it is always a version of black. They disappear when the moon brings the ocean far inland. In low tides more of them appear, covered in green moss that dries quickly in the summer sun. No one knows how much more is underground, perhaps a whole mountain, and that unknown brings me back to nursing the thought of my mother dying. I think of the underground mountain, how it expands towards the center of the earth, how it pushes deep into the waves towards the horizon, and I wonder if she even died.

It happened two decades ago. My father told me on the phone that Sunday that my mother kind of left. This is exactly how he described it, she left. He told me that he was getting ready for the Sunday early morning mass when my mother came back from the bathroom and went back to bed. She watched my father putting on his button-down shirt and with great excitement announced that she absolutely loved the flower pattern. My father paused because the shirt he was putting on was blue, plain blue. My mother marveled over the flower design, describing some of the flowers, including roses, and then announced with amusement that the flowers started moving—growing and blooming right there on my father’s shirt. In that moment my father knew that he would have to miss the Sunday mass. He sat on the bed next to my mother and they talked about the flowers on his shirt. My mother’s face betrayed nothing but the utmost delight. She touched my father’s arms and chest, all the places where the flowers were blooming. Soon, the flowers escaped my father’s shirt and spilled over the bed, covering the comforter and pillows. My mother’s eyes traced what was happening with happiness of a child. When she asked my father how it was possible, he thought she was asking about the flowers, but she wasn’t. She was asking how it was possible to see this much beauty at once. After flowers came people. She looked around the bedroom and asked my father who were all these people in the room, and he told her—with all the reason in the voice he could muster—that they came to visit because they loved her. She looked at the people she saw, at the flowers she saw, and then she looked at my father, straight into his eyes, and said: “Jurek, I am dying,” and she closed her eyes.

Pranab Mukherjee Complete Life History

Pranab Mukherjee was born in 11 December 1935 – 31 August 2020) was an Indian politician who served as the 13th President of India from 2012 until 2017. In a political career spanning five decades, Mukherjee was a senior leader in the Indian National Congress and occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India. Prior to his election as President, Mukherjee was Union Finance Minister from 2009 to 2012. He was awarded India’s highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna in 2019 by the President of India, Ram Nath Kovind.Mukherjee got his break in politics in 1969 when the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi helped him get elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Parliament of India, on a Congress ticket. Following a meteoric rise, he became one of Gandhi’s most trusted lieutenants and a minister in her cabinet in 1973. Mukherjee’s service in a number of ministerial capacities culminated in his first stint as Finance Minister of India in 1982–84. He was also the Leader of the House in the Rajya Sabha from 1980 to 1985.Mukherjee was sidelined from the Congress during the premiership of Rajiv Gandhi. Mukherjee had viewed himself and not the inexperienced Rajiv, as the rightful successor to Indira following her assassination in 1984. Mukherjee lost out in the ensuing power struggle. He formed his own party, the Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress, which merged with the Congress in 1989 after reaching a consensus with Rajiv Gandhi. After Rajiv Gandhi’s assassination in 1991, Mukherjee’s political career revived when Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao appointed him Planning Commission head in 1991 and foreign minister in 1995. Following this, as elder statesman of the Congress, Mukherjee was the principal and architect of Sonia Gandhi’s ascension to the party’s presidency in 1998.When the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) came into power in 2004, Mukherjee won a Lok Sabha seat (the popularly elected lower house of Parliament) seat for the first time. From then until his resignation in 2012, Mukherjee held a number of key cabinet portfolios in Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s government – Defence (2004–06), External Affairs (2006–09) and Finance (2009–12) – apart from heading several Groups of Ministers (GoMs) and being Leader of the House in the Lok Sabha. After securing the UPA’s nomination for the country’s presidency in July 2012, Mukherjee comfortably defeated P. A. Sangma in the race to Rashtrapati Bhavan, winning 70 percent of the electoral-college vote.In 2017, Mukherjee decided not to run for re-election and to retire from politics after leaving the presidency due to “health complications relating to old age.” His term expired on 25 July 2017. He was succeeded as President by Ram Nath Kovind. In June 2018 Mukherjee became first former President of India to address a Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) event.

Early life and education :- Pranab was born into a Bengali family at Mirati, a village in the Bengal Presidency of British India (now in Birbhum districtWest Bengal). His father, Kamada Kinkar Mukherjee was active in the Indian independence movement and was a member of West Bengal Legislative Council between 1952 and 1964 as a representative of the Indian National Congress; he was a member of AICC. His mother was Rajlakshmi Mukherjee. He had two siblings: older sister Annapurna and younger brother Piyush.He attended the Suri Vidyasagar College in Suri (Birbhum), then affiliated to University of Calcutta. He subsequently earned an MA degree in Political Science & History and an LL.B. degree, both from University of Calcutta.He was an upper-division Clerk in the Office of Deputy Accountant-General (Post and Telegraph) in Calcutta. In 1963, he became a lecturer (Assistant Professor) of Political Science at Vidyanagar College, Kolkata and he also worked as a Journalist with the Desher Dak (Call of Motherland) before entering politics.

Political Career :- Mukherjee started his political career as a founding member of the Bangla Congress. In 1969, when he managed the successful Midnapore by-election campaign of an independent candidate, V. K. Krishna Menon. He became a member of Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Indian parliament) in July 1969 on a Bangla Congress ticket. Then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, recognised Mukherjee’s talents and recruited him to her party, the Indian National Congress. Mukherjee was re-elected to the house in 1975, 1981, 1993, and 1999.

Mukherjee became a Gandhi loyalist and was often described as her “man for all seasons.” Mukherjee’s rise was rapid in the early phase of his career and he was appointed Union Deputy Minister of Industrial Development in Indira Gandhi’s cabinet in 1973. Mukherjee was active in the Indian cabinet during the controversial Internal Emergency of 1975–77. Ruling Congress politicians of the day including Mukherjee were accused of using extra-constitutional powers to “wreck established norms and rules of governance.” Following the Congress’s defeat in the 1977 general elections, the newly formed Janata government-appointed Shah Commission indicted Mukherjee; however, the commission was itself indicted in 1979 for stepping “outside its jurisdiction. Mukherjee emerged unscathed and rose through a series of cabinet posts to become Finance Minister from 1982 to 1984.His term was noted for his work in improving the finances of the government which enabled Gandhi to score a political point by returning the last instalment of India’s first IMF loan. As Finance Minister, Mukherjee signed the letter appointing Manmohan Singh as Governor of the Reserve Bank of India.In 1979, Mukherjee became Deputy Leader of the INC in the Rajya Sabha, and in 1980 he was appointed Leader of the House. Mukherjee was considered the top-ranking Indian cabinet minister and he presided over cabinet meetings in the absence of the Prime Minister.Mukherjee was sidelined from the INC following the assassination of Indira Gandhi. Although Mukherjee was much more experienced in politics than Indira’s son, Rajiv Gandhi, it was Rajiv who gained control. Mukherjee lost his position in the cabinet and was sent to manage the regional West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee. He was considered to be Indira’s likely successor and, siding with those within his party who aligned themselves against Rajiv Gandhi, Mukherjee was sidelined and eventually expelled from the mainstream.

In 1986, Mukherjee founded another party, the Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress (RSC), in West Bengal. The RSC and INC merged three years later after a compromise was reached with Rajiv Gandhi. The RSC had fared terribly in the 1987 Assembly polls in West Bengal. Many analysts, over the years, have attributed the muting of Mukherjee’s political aspirations as the supreme leader to his inability to emerge as a magnetic mass leader. On later being asked that did he ever desire to become Prime Minister, Mukherjee, however, replied, “7 RCR was never my destination.” The Zee News noted: “The statement assumes heft in the light of the longstanding speculation that Mukherjee, as one of the doyens of Congress, always nursed an ambition to occupy the top executive post.”Mukherjee’s political career revived following Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 when P. V. Narasimha Rao chose to appoint him as deputy chairman of the Indian Planning Commission and subsequently as a union cabinet minister. Mukherjee served as External Affairs Minister for the first time from 1995 to 1996 in Rao’s cabinet.Mukherjee was considered to be a Gandhi family loyalist and the principal architect of Sonia Gandhi’s entry into politics, a mentoring responsibility he was believed to have continued shouldering. He was made General Secretary of the AICC in 1998–99 after Sonia Gandhi became Congress President. Mukherjee was made President of the West Bengal Congress in 2000 and held the position until his resignation in 2010. He had earlier held the position in 1985.Mukherjee became Leader of the House in the Lok Sabha in 2004. He contested and won a Lok Sabha seat from Jangipur in West Bengal which he would later retain in 2009. It was speculated in 2004 that Mukherjee would be made Prime Minister of India after Sonia Gandhi declined to become Prime Minister; however, Manmohan Singh was chosen.Mukherjee was briefly considered for the post of the largely ceremonial Indian presidency in 2007 but his name was subsequently dropped after his contribution in the Union Cabinet was considered practically indispensable.Mukherjee held many important posts in the Manmohan Singh government. He had the distinction of being the Minister for various high-profile Ministries including Defence, Finance, and External Affairs. Mukherjee also headed the Congress Parliamentary Party and the Congress Legislative Party which consists of all the Congress MPs and MLAs in the country apart from being Leader of the House in Lok Sabha and Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee President.Mukherjee ended his affiliation with the Indian National Congress and retired from active political life following his election as president in 2012. The Economic Times had noted: “[the] decades of activity in critical all-rounder roles make [Mukherjee’s] exit both a structural and generation shift. With him, the last of the Congress triumvirate – along with Rao and R. Venkataraman – who formed the core team of Indira/Rajiv regimes bows out. While Rao became PM, Pranab’s political marathon too ends where Venkataraman’s did, at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.”

Political Party Role :- Mukherjee was “very well respected within the party social circles.” Media accounts describe him as having “a reputation as a number-crunching politician with a phenomenal memory and an unerring survival instinct.”

Mukherjee became a member of the Congress Working Committee on 27 January 1978. He also became a member of the Central Parliamentary Board of the All India Congress Committee (AICC) that year. Mukherjee briefly held the position of treasurer of the AICC and the Congress party in 1978.

Mukherjee was appointed chairman of the Campaign Committee of AICC for conducting National Elections to Parliament in 1984, 1991, 1996, and 1998. He was chairman of the Central Election Coordination Committee of the AICC from 28 June 1999 to 2012. He was appointed to the Central Election Committee on 12 December 2001. Mukherjee was appointed General Secretary of the AICC in 1998. In 1997 Mukherjee was voted Outstanding Parliamentarian by the Indian Parliamentary Group.After Sonia Gandhi reluctantly agreed to join politics, Mukherjee was one of her mentors, guiding her through difficult situations with examples of how her mother-in-law, Indira Gandhi would have done things. His talents were on display during the negotiations for the Patents Amendment Bill in early 2005. The Congress was committed to passing an IP bill, but their allies in the United Progressive Alliance from the Left front had a long tradition of opposing some of the monopoly aspects of intellectual property. Mukherjee, as Defence Minister, was not formally involved but was roped in for his negotiation skills. He drew on many old allies including; the CPI-M leader Jyoti Basu (former Chief Minister of West Bengal), and formed new intermediary positions, which included product patent and little else. Then he had to convince his own colleagues including commerce minister Kamal Nath, who at one point said…”An imperfect legislation is better than no legislation.” Finally on 23 March 2005 the bill was approved.India Today wrote that Mukherjee’s role in “skillfully pushing through the historic 123 Agreement and treaty with the Nuclear Suppliers Group” may have saved the UPA-II government from the 2008 motion of no confidence.Mukherjee played a crucial role in steering the Cabinet pre-Lok Sabha elections when Prime Minister Manmohan Singh underwent a heart bypass surgery in 2008–09 by taking additional charges as chairman of the Cabinet Committee of Political Affairs and Union Minister in Finance Ministry despite already being Union Minister of External Affairs.Mukherjee’s political skills and long experience in government have also led him to head a large number of committees of Ministers in the government. At the time of his resignation on being nominated as the UPA’s presidential candidate, Mukherjee was heading several Groups of Ministers (GoMs) and Empowered Groups of Ministers (EGoMs).

Union Cabinet Minister :- Ministry of Defence. Manmohan Singh appointed Mukherjee as the Minister of Defence of India when the Congress Party once again came to power in 2004. Mukherjee held the post until 2006. He expanded co-operation with the United States during his tenure. The Times of India reported on the Wikileaks cables release and noted how the U.S. is full of praise for the “uniformed leadership” of Indian armed forces. Mukherjee in June 2005 had inked the ten-year Indo-US Defence Framework deal.Despite increasing co-operation with the United States, Mukherjee maintained that Russia will remain India’s ‘topmost’ defence partner. He asserted that “Russia has been and will remain India’s largest defence partner in the years to come” while inaugurating the 5th session of the Indo-Russian Inter-Governmental Commission on Military-Technical Cooperation (IRIGC-MTC) in Moscow in 2005.Russia and India held their first joint anti-terror war games in Rajasthan in October 2005, during which Mukherjee and Russian Defence Minister Sergei Ivanov narrowly escaped injury after a heavy mortar landed several metres from their platform. The Russian ministry subsequently declared its hopes to follow up joint military exercises in India with further joint exercises on Russian territory.

Minister of External Affairs :- Mukherjee was appointed the External Affairs Minister of India in 1995. Under his leadership, India was made “Full Dialogue Partner” of ASEAN as part of the Look East foreign policy initiated by Narasimha Rao. Mukherjee left the position in 1996.Mukherjee’s second term began in 2006. He oversaw the successful signing of the U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Agreement with the U.S. government and then with the Nuclear Suppliers Group, allowing India to participate in civilian nuclear trade in spite of not having signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Mukherjee played a crucial role in mobilising world opinion against Pakistan after the 2008 Mumbai attacks. He left the position a year later to take over the Finance Ministry of India.When asked what legacy he wanted to leave behind as Foreign Minister of India, Mukherjee replied, “As the [man] who prepared Indian diplomacy to address the challenges of a more globalised, interdependent and uncertain world.”

Minister of Commerce and Industry

Mukherjee thrice served as Commerce Minister of India. His first stints were in the Indira Gandhi government from 1980 to 1982 and again in 1984. His third stint in the 1990s saw him contribute significantly to the negotiations which led to the establishment of the World Trade Organization.The final years of Mukherjee in the finance ministry were not considered a success. The NDTV upon his resignation as Finance Minister in June 2012 wrote: “There [had] been a clamour from many quarters for a change in the Finance Ministry, with Mr Mukherjee having faced flak for several decisions where politics seemed to overwhelm economic imperatives.

Other Positions :- Mukherjee was chairman of the Indian Statistical Institute in Kolkata. He was also for various tenures; the chairman and president of the Rabindra Bharati University and the Nikhil Bharat Banga Sahitya Sammelan, as well as a trustee of the Bangiya Sahitya Parishad and the Bidhan Memorial Trust. He also served on the Planning Board of the Asiatic Society

President Of India :- Mukherjee was nominated as the presidential candidate of the United Progressive Alliance on 15 June 2012 after considerable political intrigue. The elections were scheduled to be conducted on 19 July 2012 and the results were expected to be announced on 22 July 2012. The nominee of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) was P. A. Sangma. To file his nomination for the presidential poll on 28 June, Mukherjee resigned from the government on 26 June 2012.

In the election, Mukherjee received 713,763 votes, while Sangma had 315,987. In his victory speech, delivered outside his residence before the results were officially announced, he said:I would like to express my deep gratitude to all of you who are waiting. The figure has crossed 7 lakhs, only one state remains. The final figure will come from the returning officer. I would like to thank the people of India for electing me to this high office. The enthusiasm, the warmth of the people was remarkable. I have received much more from the people of this country, from the Parliament, than I have given. Now I have been entrusted with the responsibility of protecting and defending the constitution as President. I will try and justify the trust of the people. I would like to reciprocate the congratulation Shri Purno Sangma has extended.Mukherjee was sworn-in by the Chief Justice of India on 25 July 2012, becoming the first Bengali to hold the post of President of India. After being administered the oath of office, he said we are in the midst of a fourth world war of terror (the third was the Cold war) and what minutes of peace can achieve cannot be achieved in many years of war.Congress President Sonia Gandhi and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh both congratulated Pranab Mukherjee on his election as president. Former Communist leader Somnath Chatterjee termed Mukherjee as one of “the best parliamentarians and statesmen of India” and said the country “has got the most able man for the top job.” Opposition leader Sharad Yadav declared “the nation needed a president like Pranab Mukherjee.” Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit commented and said Mukherjee will be “one of the wisest presidents.” She further marvelled at the fact that parties in the opposition ranks supported Mukherjee. “Even the NDA broke up and wanted to vote for the president to be Pranab Mukherjee.” The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was reportedly “shocked” and “upset” at the cross-voting for Mukherjee by its legislative members. However, the BJP party President Nitin Gadkari congratulated Mukherjee and said “I extend my hearty congratulations to Pranab Mukherjee on his election today as the new President of India.” Gadkari further declared “I am sure that the country will make further development and progress. I wish him all success and a bright future.The Zee News noted: “What is striking about [Mukherjee] is that after more than four decades in public life, the Opposition had no ammunition against him after he was declared UPA’s choice for President. In spite of Team Anna making some noise about him being involved in some corruption cases, it has been more or less an easy ride for Pranab to Raisina Hill. Once when Sonia Gandhi announced his name, most of the allies and the Opposition came on board. Whereas, NDA partner JD(U) saw no merit in opposing him, one of the bitter critics of the Congress Shiv Sena too toed the line a little too easily. This support was not for Congress but for [Mukherjee].”Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 2013 was promulgated by Pranab Mukherjee on 3 February 2013, which provides for the amendment of Indian Penal Code, Indian Evidence Act, and Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 on laws related to sexual offences. As of July 2015, President Mukherjee had rejected 24 mercy pleas including those of Yakub Memon, Ajmal Kasab, and Afzal Guru.In January 2017, Mukherjee announced that he would not contest the 2017 Presidential elections citing “advanced age and failing health”.

Personal Life :- Pranab Mukherjee married Suvra Mukherjee on 13 July 1957. Suvra Mukherjee was born and raised in Narail, Bangladesh. She immigrated to Kolkata while she was 10 and married Pranab in 1957. The couple had two sons and a daughter. Suvra died on 18 August 2015, aged 74 of heart failure while Mukherjee was still in office. His elder son, Abhijit Mukherjee, was a Congress MP from Jangipur, West Bengal until 2019. He was elected in a by-election after his father vacated the seat. Before his election to the Lok Sabha, Abhijit was an MLA from Nalhati in Birbhum.

He was inspired by Deng Xiaoping and quoted him quite frequently. His hobbies were reading, gardening, and music.

His daughter Sharmistha Mukherjee is a Kathak dancer and politician of the Indian National Congress.

Mukherjee celebrated the Durga Puja at his ancestral home at Mirati village. He used to make it a point to be at Mirati village every year to take part in the four-day rituals, the puja having a “social dimension” for him. “I want to avail this opportunity to be with the people of my area,” Mukherjee said during a puja ceremony on 4 October 2011.

Illness and Death :- During the COVID-19 pandemic, on 10 August 2020, Mukherjee announced on Twitter that he had tested positive for COVID-19 prior to his surgery to remove a blood clot in his brain. He was admitted to the hospital after accidentally slipping and falling in his bathroom. He was on ventilator support and in critical condition at the Army’s Research and Referral (R&R) hospital in Delhi.On 13 August, the hospital reported that Mukherjee was in a deep coma after he underwent brain surgery, however his vital parameters remained stable. On 19 August, the Army’s Research and Referral hospital said that the health condition of Mukherjee had declined as he had developed a lung infection. On 25 August, his renal parameters became “slightly deranged”, with the condition worsening days later.Mukherjee died on 31 August 2020, aged 84, which was confirmed by his son Abhijit Mukherjee via Twitter. His death came after the attending hospital confirmed that his health had deteriorated early that day stating that he had been in septic shock since a day earlier which was caused by his lung infection and that he was overseen by a team of specialists.Condolences poured in immediately from leaders of both India and other nations. India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the President Ramnath Kovind, Vice President Venkaiah Naidu, Home Minister Amit Shah, and Congress leader Rahul Gandhi conveyed their condolences via Twitter. The President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, the President of Afghanistan, Ashraf Ghani, the President of Maldives, Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, the Prime Minister of Bhutan, Lotay Tshering, the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, Mahinda Rajapaksa, and the Prime Minister of Nepal, K. P. Sharma Oli, were among the foreign leaders who expressed their condolences. Sports players and actors from the country also expressed their condolences.The Government of India announced a seven-day period of state mourning between 31 August to 6 September, whereby the national flag will fly at half mast on all buildings wherever it is flown regularly. The West Bengal state government declared a closure of state run offices for the following day as a mark of respect.The funeral was held the following day, i.e. 1 September at the Lodhi Road crematorium at 2 pm IST with full state honours. The mortal remains were carried to the crematorium in a van instead of gun carriage due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in the country.

National honours

Foreign honours

Academic honours

  • Hon. Doctor of Letters degree by the University of Wolverhampton, UK in 2011.
  • Hon. D.Litt by Assam University in March 2012.
  • Hon. Doctorate in Science by Visvesvaraya Technological University; Belgaum, Karnataka in 2012
  • Hon. LL.D. by President of Bangladesh and Chancellor Md. Zillur Rahman at University of Dhaka on 4 March 2013.
  • DCL (Doctor of Civil Law) (honoris causa) by University of Mauritius on 13 March 2013.
  • Hon. Doctorate by Istanbul University on 5 October 2013.
  • Honorary Doctorate from the University of Calcutta in on 28 November 2014.
  • Hon. Doctorate in Political Science by University of Jordan on 11 October 2015.
  • Hon. Doctorate by Al-Quds University of RamallahPalestine on 13 October 2015.
  • Hon. Doctorate by Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael on 15 October 2015.
  • Hon. Doctorate by Kathmandu UniversityNepal on 3 November 2016.
  • Hon. Doctorate by Goa University on 25 April 2017.
  • D.Litt.(Honoris Causa) by the Jadavpur University on 24 December 2017.
  • Hon. D.Litt by University of Chittagong on 16 J
  • anuary 2018.Other recognitionBest Finance Minister in World (1984), according to survey of Euromoney magazine.
    Finance Minister of Year for Asia (2010), by Emerging Markets, daily newspaper of record for World Bank and IMF.
    Finance Minister of Year (2010), by The Banker
  • Honorary Citizenship of Abidjan, Republic of Côte d’Ivoire on 1
  • 5 June 2016.
  • Pranab Mukherjee’s positions in chronological order:
    Union Minister of Industrial Development 1973–1974
    Union Minister of Shipping and Transport 1974
    Minister of State for Finance 1974–1975
    Union Minister of Revenue and Banking 1975–1977
    Treasurer of Congress Party 1978–79
    Treasurer of All India Congress Committee 1978–79
    Leader of House of Rajya Sabha 1980–85
    Union Minister of Commerce and Steel and Mines 1980–1982
    Union Minister of Finance 1982–1984
    Board of Governors of International Monetary Fund 1982–1985
    Board of Governors of World Bank 1982–1985
    Board of Governors of Asian Development Bank 1982–1984
    Board of Governors of African Development Bank 1982–1985
    Union Minister of Commerce and Supply 1984
    Chairman; Campaign Committee of Congress-I for conducting National Elections to Parliament, 1984 Indian general election, 1991 Indian general election, 1996 Indian general election and 1998 Indian general election
    Chairman of Group of 24(a Ministerial Group attached to IMF and World Bank)1984 and 2009–2012
    President of State Unit of Congress Party 1985 and 2000–08
    Chairman of Economic Advisory Cell of AICC 1987–1989
    Dy Chairman of Planning Commission 1991–1996
    Union Minister of Commerce 1993–1995
    Union Minister of External Affairs 1995–1996
    President, SAARC Council of Ministers Conference 1995
    General Secretary of AICC 1998–1999
    Chairman of Central Election Coordination Committee 1999–2012
    Leader of House of Lok Sabha 2004–2012
    Union Minister of Defence 2004–2006
    Union Minister of External Affairs 2006–2009
    Union Minister of Finance 2009–2012
  • President of India 25 July 2012 – 2
  • 5 July 2017.Books writtenBeyond Survival: Emerging Dimensions of Indian Economy. S. Chand & Company. 1986. ISBN 0706926587.
    Off the Track: A Few Comments on Current Affairs. K. P. International. 1987.
    Challenges Before the Nation: Saga of Struggle and Sacrifice (Indian National Congress). Vikas Publishing House. 1993. ISBN 0706966236.
    A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress – Volume V: 1964–1984 (co-authored with Aditya Mukherjee). Academic Foundation Kolkata. 2011. ISBN 978-8171888641.
    Congress and the Making of the Indian Nation. Academic Foundation Kolkata. 2011. ISBN 8171888585.
    Thoughts and Reflections. Rupa Publications India. 2014. ISBN 8129134470.
    The Dramatic Decade: The Indira Gandhi Years. Rupa Publications India. 2015. ISBN 8129136015.
    The Turbulent Years: 1980–1996. Rupa Publications India. 2016. ISBN 8129137690.
  • The Coalition Years: 1996–2012. Rupa Publications India. 2017. ISBN 8129149052

Topographic Region/ Physiographic Region

 

India is home to various geographical features such as rivers, mountains, valleys, tablelands, seashores, deserts, and flat terrains. The country is a traveler’s paradise. The states in northern India lie in the Himalayan Mountain Range. India is the seventh largest country in the world and covers a total area of 3,287,263 sq km. The shoreline of the country extends for 7,517 km and the longest river of the country is the holy Ganga or Ganges which is 2,510 km long. You will notice four separate regions in the country – the plains, the mountains, the southern peninsula and the desert. 

The eastern and middle portion of India is made up of productive Indo-Gangetic plains. The Thar Desert in Rajasthan is located to the northwest. The terra firma in southern India is nearly wholly made up of the Deccan plateau. There are two important mountain ranges in South India that are closely located to the seashores and they are the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats mountain ranges. The Aravallis and the Vindhyachal are the other well-known mountain ranges of India. 
India is the seventh largest country with 2.4% of total area of the world. The Indian Mainland extends from 8°4′ north and 37°6′ North in length(latitudes). And between 68°7′ East and 97°25′ East in width (longitudes). This makes the North-south extension of 3214 km and East-west extension of 2933 km. At 23°30′ North, the Tropic of Cancer passes through the centre of India, dividing the country into two equal parts – Northern and Southern India. The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight states in India – Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. Physiographic divisions in India include 

1) The Northern Mountains 

The northern boundary of India is created by the northern mountain ranges known as Himalayas that form the natural border between India and Tibet. The Himalayan range is divided into Pir Panjal Range, Zanskar Range, Ladakh Range, Dhaula Dhar Range and East Karakoram Range. Apart from the Himalayan, other ranges are Siwalik Range lying in the outer Himalayas, Karakom Range, Patkai Range lying at the eastern part of India at the Burma border, Vindhya Range covering parts of central India, Satpura Range covering parts of central India being parallel to Vindhya Range, Aravalli Range covering areas of Haryana and Rajasthan states, the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. 

2) The Indo-Gangetic Plains 

The plains named after the rivers flowing through them – Indus and Ganges, cover northern and eastern parts of India, stretching to cover some parts of Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh also. These rivers form tributaries that network the entire region. These tributaries are Yamuna, Chambal, Gomti, Sutlej, Kosi, Ravi, Beas, Chenab, Ghaghara and Tista. These rivers make the soil fertile and apt for farming which is widely practiced all over. This has led to tremendous increase in population with time. The plains are divided into four belts namely, the Bhabar belt, the Terai belt, the Bangar belt and the Khadar belt. The crops produced in these belts are wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, and maize. 

3) The Thar Desert 

It is ranked as the seventh biggest desert in the world that covers most of the Rajasthan and neighboring states of Haryana, Punjab and Gujarat. It also crosses the borders to touch Pakistan where it is known as Cholistan desert. It’s some parts are attributed by sand dunes and some have rocks. The vegetation in the area includes small trees, herb and shrubs. The sandy nature of the soil makes it get eroded quite often, due to speedy winds that blow with full force in the region. This region gets very less rainfall which is less than 150 mm in a year. Understanding the need of plantation in the region to avoid erosion, the Indira Gandhi Canal scheme was started in 1965 to irrigate the land. The common source of income for the people here is animal husbandry and agroforestry. 

4) The Central Highlands 

The highlands of central India are divided into three plateaus, the Deccan Plateau located between the western and eastern ghats, the Malwa Plateau at the western parts of India including states like Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, and the Chota Nagpur Plateau covering eastern states of India like Bihar, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh and Odisha. The Chota Nagour Plateau is rich in coal and metal ores and is divided into Ranchi plateau, Hazaribagh plateau and Koderma plateau. The Ranchi plateau is characterized by numerous falls. The Hazaribagh plateau is a part of Hazaribagh region, the lower part of which is known as Koderma plateau. Read more on the Central Highlands 

5) The Eastern and Western Coastal Plains 

These plains lie at the eastern parts of India spreading from the state Tamil Nadu to West Bengal. With rivers like Mahanadi, Kaveri , Krishna and Godavari flowing through them, Chilika Lake runs alongside them. The plains are divided into six regions – Coromandel Coast of Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari Coast at the southern-tip of India, Krishna-Godavari delta at southeast of Vijaywada, Mahanadi delta in Odisha, and the south Andhra Pradesh coastal plain that covers the major parts of Eastern Ghat and Bay of Bengal. These coastal regions normally stay humid with frequent rainfall. Tall coconut palms adorn the eastern coastline, apart from the crops grown here. Fishing is the major occupation of the locals here. 
As the name suggests, they lie at the areas of Western Ghats forming the coastal parts of that are flanked by the Arabian Sea. They cover Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala. Narmada, Zuari, Tapi and Mandovi are rivers that flux through them. The plains are divided into Konkan and Malabar Coasts. The Konkan coast runs through 700 km, covering parts of the Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra. The Malabar coast covers 845 km, stretching from Karnataka to the extreme south tip Kanyakumari through Kerala. All of the Malabar coast receives heavy rainfall that makes it suitably irrigated enough for farming. Read more on western and eastern coastal plains 

6) The Islands 

There are two main groups of islands – Andaman and Nicobar islands and Lakshadweep islands that are recognized as Union Territories (UT). Apart from them, Daman and Diu are also known as UT; they almost touch the mainland unlike Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep. Andaman islands are composed of 572 tiny islands that serve as a great tourist attraction. The Nicobar islands are not accessible for the tourists. Inhabited by native tribes, their beaches stay deserted yet beautiful owing to lovely colors added to the waters by a variety of corals. The Lakshadweep islands comprise of 35 tiny islands that stand in the Laccadive Sea, just 200 to 400 km from Kerala, the southwestern coast of India.

COVID-19: Don’t expect effective vaccine in near future

In a joint statement, experts of the Indian Public Health Association (IPHA), Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine (IAPSM), and Indian Association of Epidemiologists (IAE) said, “Vaccines do not have any role in current ongoing coronavirus pandemic control in India. It must be assumed that an effective vaccine would not be available in near future. We must avoid false sense of hope that this panacea is just around the corner.”

India has crossed tally of 36,91,166 in total with nearly 7 lakh active cases and around 65288 deaths. After all the practices of lockdown, corona cases have yet not under control. India is doing 10lakhs tests per day. Around total of 4 crores test has been conducted till now.

According to a press statement, the health minister noted that India was “much ahead’ than other nations in tackling the highly infectious contagion. He said, “The COVID-19 will significantly come under control by the Deepavali this year. The leaders and common people effectively worked together to fight the pandemic.” The minister had inaugurated ‘Nation First’ webinar series organised by the Anathkumar Foundation.

Reports are stating that vaccine could be in use for general public around the last quarter of year 2020. Depending on the results, some companies say their vaccines could be greenlighted for use as soon as this year.

Now, a handful are starting or nearing the final stage of testing. Approximately 170 Covid-19 vaccines are in development around the world. According to the World Health Organization, each one promising to protect people from the deadly coronavirus and allow them to go back to work and school.

To date, just one coronavirus vaccine has been approved. Sputnik V – formerly known as Gam-COVID-Vac and developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute in Moscow – was approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on 11 August. Experts have raised considerable concern about the vaccine’s safety and efficiency given it has not yet entered Phase 3 clinical trials.

Indian Council of Medical Research director general Balram Bhargava on Tuesday confirmed that the trials for the ‘Covishield’ vaccine, jointly developed by the University of Oxford and Astrazeneca plc, have begun. ICMR is the secondary sponsor to the phase 2 and 3 trial of around 1,600 patients.

Serum Institute, which is the world’s largest vaccine manufacturer by volume, had in June signed an agreement with British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca to supply an additional 1 billion doses, principally for low- and middle-income countries.

As it is a contract manufacturer of the vaccine, the company had secured the Indian drug regulator’s approval to conduct a phase II and III trial as per regulations.

Screening and enrolment of participants in the trial is only done after getting approval from the ethics committee of the hospital. So far, seven hospitals, including BVDU, of the 17 sites have received ethics committee approval, according to the government’s clinical trial registry. As many of corona vaccines are in development across the world with promise of maximum effectiveness. But none of them is expected to be an anti-drug. Besides all of this, most of the vaccines are supposed to be a medicine of disease as a cure. But quality of them is still not confirmed.

Trudeau also said the government will invest C$126 million (72.3 million pounds) over two years to build a biomanufacturing facility at the Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre in Montreal capable of producing up to 2 million doses of a vaccine per month by next year. Canada reached an agreement in principle on Monday with both Novavax Inc and Johnson & Johnson for millions of doses of their experimental coronavirus vaccines, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said. Canada`s two agreements follow separate deals with Pfizer Inc and Moderna Inc announced weeks ago and are the latest example of countries rushing to secure access to vaccines.