It’s the matter of 1914, a question was raised in Madras Legislative Council about the Communal ratio of total number of registered graduates in Madras University. Then it had come to know that among 650 seats, 452 were Brahmins, 12 were Non-Brahmin Hindus and 74 belong to other communities. This the whole reason for the reservation policy in India to be active. Let us now know origin, causes of caste based reservation policy in India.

Introduction

The system of reservations in India comprises of affirmative action measures, taken up by the government to uplift the weaker sections of the society by getting them into government jobs and higher educational institutions. There are basically three categories of class of citizens which are recognised by the Constitution for the reservation. Those are Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST) and Other Backward Classes (OBC). This reservation system is unique because India is a multi religious, multi linguistic country. That is why these reservations were needed to bring all communities to the same level.

Historical Background

In 1918, the Maharaja of Mysore have received a petition from the depressed class of people. To investigate that Maharaja appointed Miller Committee to know whether Non-Brahmin community has proper representation in his state services. This is where a positive thing had started to happen about depressed class and minorities.

In 1914 also, when 1st world War started, Britain was completely focusing on the war and they wanted Indians to help them in the war. So, as they wanted Indians to participate in war, they accepted long pending request of self governing institutions i.e. provincial assemblies and Central Legislative Assembly. This self governing institutions can also be states as Montague- Chelmsford Reform. This was added in The Government of India act in 1919 and on the other side, the discussion of minority communities was also going and there was a question about how to identify depressed class of citizen. For this, British Government appointed Simon Commission to assess the Indian society and suggest reforms. One of their recommendation was the need to safeguard the minorities and other socially, politically depressed class of people. The depressed classes demanded for a seperate electorate of election. But the commission did not accept that. Commission said that, seperate electorate is not possible but they would reserve them seats.

In 1923, government decided not to give grants to those aided schools that refused the admission of depressed class students. The depressed class under the leadership of Dr. Ambedkar demanded reserved seats for Untouchables in legislative bodies, special education concessions, and recruitment to government posts. To resolve these demands, the British government made a Round Table Conference in November 1930. But the first and second Round Table Conference was failed. McDonald, Prime Minister of British government, announced the communal award where the seperate representations were to be provided to Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Europeans and Dalits Depressed Classes. Mahatma Gandhi was completely against for these reservations as those are are Britishers idea of divide and rule policy. But Ambedkar somehow wanted that as they have minimum benefits. So, after some agreements between Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi. According to this historic agreement the depressed class would get 147 seats in provincial councils instead of 71 promises in the Ramsay McDonald’s award and they would get 18% of the seats in Central Assembly also. The Poona Pact was finally stamped when the Government of India act 1935 where reservation of seats for depressed class was alloted. The Government of India act 1935 replaced the term ‘depressed class’ with Scheduled Class.

Even though seats in the legislature were reserved both for the ‘minority communities and for the depressed classes’, reservation in the public service was denied to the ‘depressed classes’, whereas the minority communities enjoyed reservation in the public services. Ambedkar became a member of Viceroy’s Executive Council as a minister for labour. He used his position in the Government to further the interests of the Depressed Classes. He demanded reservations not only in legislative seats but also in education and Government employment. His demand was accepted and this became the basis for the policy of India when it was framing the Constitution.

Debates in Constitutional Assembly

Constituent assembly came to existence in December 1946. Framers want to set up a welfare society where government not just protects from outside threats but also helps in social, economic development and they also wanted to give special protection for backward classes because of their past atrocities. Constituent Assembly had different committees for different areas.

According to Minority committee Report – Representation in the Legislature and the representation in proportion to their population, reservation in higher education institution and government jobs. A joint electorate was accepted. Reservation of seats for minorities based on religion was also not accepted by the Constituent Assembly. All these provisions were only temporary and if after ten years their position happens to be the same, then it is open to the Parliament either to renew it or abolish it.

But nothing like this happened even for today.

After Independence, there were several provisions made to abolish Untouchability, Titles, and also to protect educational and economic interests of the weak sections and in particular Schedules Casts and Schedules Tribes.

Representation in Services

Reservation of seats for SCs and STs in Lok Sabha and State legislatures for ten years was agreed upon. But the period has been extended from time to time. Three categories of people who deserved the benefits of Protective Discrimination: the backward class, the Scheduled castes and the Scheduled Tribes. Schedule caste and Scheduled tribes are already been defined in constitution. But the problem is that constitution does not have a proper explanation for Backward Class.

Article 15(4) & (5) talks about socially and educationally backward classes where as Article 16(4) talks about other backward classes.

Indira Sawhney V. Union of India

Supreme court in Indira Sawhney & Ors V. Union of India(1993) upheld the implementation of seperate reservation of other backward classes in Central government jobs, Ordered to exclude the creamy layer of other backward classes from enjoying reservation facilities, Ordered to restrict reservation within 50% limit, Declared seperate reservations for economically poor among forward classes as invalid.

This is how caste based reservations started in India. However, it has been clearly stated to abolish this reservation policy after 10 years. But it seems it not going to happen because these reservations became good topic for today’s politicians to gain votes.

Communication is a process of transferring information from one person to another. But is that the sole purpose of communication? Basically, NO. Communication has a broader concept. Communication helps you to grow as a person, to speak your heart out, to express what you feel, to persuade others, to heal. Just like the picture says that even if it is uncomfortable or uneasy one should communicate in order to find peace in your mind because if you keep things inside you all you it will only eat your soul and turn ugly or rather leave you overthinking. It helps you come out of your comfort zones.

Communication helps you solve so many things. In a fight between two people if they chose not to talk to each other and remain enemies they will remain that. But, on the contrary if they think of communicating their point of views with peace, they can end up retaining their friendship again. In a class if you choose to stay quiet and not ask a question because you feel you will sound dumb, maybe that doubt will remain with you forever and your decision to stay shut later proves to be the dumb one. If you keep things in your heart that will bother you continously thus causing stress. As mature adults we should not bring in our ego and not solve a conflict that is of no use instead talk our mind and solve things that can save a relationship.

Communication does not help us in human lives but also in the business life . In order to establish a good organisation one has to build a solid communication system, both Formal and Informal. A formal communication is the one that passes through well definite channels of communication throughout the organisation. An informal communication is the one which moves freely i.e. in all directions. If a leader or a manager has to lead it’s followers or subordinates he has to be confident enough to deliver his orders or requirements so that his followers listen to his orders and not take him for granted. On the other hand the informal communication builds up unity, integrity and solidarity among them and boosts up their morale. Grapevine is the name of the informal communication. And  managers can get feedback from their subordinates quickly on the plan and policies through grapevine.\

Not only verbal communication but non verbal communication is also useful and important. The power of expressions is irreplaceable. Gestures while communicating shows that you are confident enough to prove and state your point. The happy or a sad face of your loved one gives you a hint of their mood. A confused face of a student tells the teacher that he is in doubt even though he spoke nothing. The annoying face of a person tells that he is not liking something or a frowning face tells you that the person is tensed.

Finally, it is important for a person to communicate. Your mind is the most powerful speaker,your tongue just expresses it. If you see somebody struggling with their lives ask them to talk about it .Be a listener maybe you can help them in any way. Maybe you can make them smile.

A beautiful thing happens when we start paying attention to each other. It is by participating more in your relationship that you breathe life into it.”
― Steve Maraboli

The rural sector is the heart and soul of the Indian economy. And the development of Rural India is the development of India. To enhance and make the rural economy progressive the Government of India has launched various schemes in favor of them.

The main aim of rural ministries is not to make profit out of them but for the welfare of the societies out there.These schemes are :

1. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushal Yojna: This is a placement linked skill development scheme for rural poor youth It was launched by on 25 September 2014 by Union Ministers Nitin Gadkari and Venkaiah Naidu on the occasion of 98th birth anniversary of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya.  It aims to target youth, under the age group of 15–35 years.. A total of 52000 candidates have been skilled under this programme till 2014-15.

2. Roshni: Skill Development Scheme for Tribals: The Ministry of Rural Development on 7 June 2013 launched a new skill development scheme designed to offer employment to tribal youth in 24 Naxal -affected districts. The scheme, which is named Roshni is supposed to provide training and employment to an anticipated 50000 youth in the 10-35 years age group, for a period of three years.  As per the Ministry 50 per cent of the beneficiaries of the scheme will be women only.The scheme is designed in light of the Himayat project model, which was launched in Jammu and Kashmir has been implemented in Sukma, Chhattisgarh, and West Singhbhum, Jharkand, on a pilot basis over the last 18 months.

3. Swachchh Bharat Mission : The Prime Minister launched Swachh Bharat Mission on the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi on 2nd October, 2014. The concept of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is to pave access for every person to sanitation facilities including toilets, solid and liquid waste disposal systems, village cleanliness and safe and adequate drinking water supply. The programme is to be implemented by Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.  An action plan has been drawn up for Swachh Bharat to become a reality by 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.  The Mission aims to triple the growth percentage of toilet from present 3% to 10% by 2019.

4. Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojna: This programme was launched by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the birth anniversary of Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan on 11 October 2014. Ministry of Rural Development will be the supervising authority for this programme.  Under this programme each Member of Parliament will take the responsibility for developing physical and institutional infrastructure in three villages by 2019.

5. Heritage Development and Augmentation Yojna (HRIDAY):
This scheme was launched on the 21 January 2015 under the care of The Union Ministry of Urban Development.  Its aim is to preserve and rejuvenate the rich cultural heritage of the country.  In the initial phase of HRIDAY, 12 heritage cities have been identified which will be rejuvenated and developed. Union Government will provide 500 crore rupees to these 12 cities.

6. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS): National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005, was launched on the 2nd Feb.2006. Now the new name of this scheme is “Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act” (or, MGNREGA). This scheme is an Indian labour law and social security measure that aims to provide ‘right to work’ to the people falling Below Poverty Line. It guarantees 100 days employment in a year to the village people.

7. Aam Aadmi Bima Yojna: It was launched on october2, 2007.  It’s a social security scheme for rural households.  Under this scheme one member of the family is covered. The premium of Rs. 200 per person per annum is shared by the state and central government. V. The insured person need not to pay any premium if his/her age is between the 18 years to 59 years.

Let me not hesitate to begin by first and foremost stating that I very strongly feel that the time is ripe now for making many radical changes in our penal laws and treating woman on the same platform as man and as is repeatedly demanded most strenuously by many reputed woman organizations also not just in our country alone but all over the world! Just like adultery has been decriminalized unlike earlier when men alone was punishable for imprisonment of upto five years similarly laws must be so amended so as to treat women on par with men in all respects! There can be no denying or disputing it!

                         No doubt, there is now also a dire need to ensure that if a woman makes false accusations against any men then she is not allowed to get away scot free. She must also be made to pay just like men for her crime of making false accusations against any men whether he is her husband or a friend or a stranger! Not just this, I also very strongly feel that there must be a minimum of two years  imprisonment and maximum of five years imprisonment for anyone whether he/she is a man or a woman who makes false allegations against anyone without substantiating it due to which the reputation of that person affected on whom allegation is made suffers irreparably!  

                       To start with, in a latest, landmark and laudable judgment titled Babita and another Vs State of Haryana and others in CRWP-6765-2020 delivered on September 3, 2020 by Justice Manoj Bajaj of Punjab and Haryana High Court, a cost of Rs 25,000 has been imposed on a woman for failing to explain why she had left her husband against whom she had approached the Court apprehending threat to her life. She failed to give any sound and valid reason for leaving her husband and for apprehending threat to her life. This alone explains why the Punjab and Haryana High Court took strong exception to it and imposed a cost of Rs 25000 on her for doing so!    

                            At the outset, this noteworthy judgment begins by first and foremost pointing out in the opening para that, “By means of this writ petition, the petitioners have prayed for a writ of mandamus by way of directions to the official respondents to protect their life and liberty as they apprehend danger at the hands of private respondent Nos. 5 to 12.” 

                                  While elaborating on the facts of the case, it is then pointed out in the next para that, “Briefly, the facts as pleaded in the writ petition are that Babita (petitioner No. 1) was married to Manish (respondent No. 5) in the year 2008 and two children were born out of this wedlock. Petitioner No. 1 was dealt with cruelty by her husband and other members of her in-laws family. She gathered courage ten days back and left the matrimonial home with the help of petitioner No. 2. According to the pleadings, the petitioner No. 1 left the house as per her own will and is living at different places in the District Jhajjar. The petitioners apprehended that the private respondents would cause harm to them, therefore, they had given representations to official respondent Nos. 1 to 3 (Annexures P-1 to P-3) respectively. However, the representations have not been looked into so far and therefore, they have approached this Court for protection of their life and liberty.”

                         As it turned out, what is next illustrated in the new para of this significant judgment is this: “Learned counsel for the petitioners contend that the life of the petitioner No. 1 had become miserable in her matrimonial home and therefore, there were compelling circumstances for her to leave the company of her husband. It is pointed out that the private respondent Nos. 5 to 12 may cause harm to her and petitioner No. 2, who rendered his help. He prays that the appropriate directions be issued to the official respondents to provide protection to the petitioners.”

                             More significantly, Justice Manoj Bajaj without mincing any words took potshots at the way the petitions was drafted and said that, “After hearing learned counsel for the petitioners, this Court finds that the writ petition does not contain any pleading much less narration of a cause of action in favour of petitioner No. 2 for filing petition along with petitioner No. 1. Though the petition is verified by both the petitioners by appending their signatures, but no affidavit in support of the petition has been filed by petitioner No. 2. Apart from this, even in the representations submitted to the official respondents, petitioner No. 2 has not portrayed any grievance. Resultantly, this Court finds that the writ petition on behalf of petitioner No. 2 is without any valid cause of action and therefore, qua him, the petition is dismissed on this ground.”
                                 While not finding much substance in the claims made by petitioner No. 1, the Court then points out that, “Considering the pleadings and submissions of learned counsel, this Court finds that petitioner No. 1 also does not deserve any concession, particularly when she  has failed to explain any reason for leaving the company of her husband. Besides, the petitioner No. 1 has given the address of her matrimonial home in the petition, but has claimed that she is residing at different places in district Jhajjar.”

                    More damningly and most significantly, it is then pointed out by the Court in simple and straight language without mincing any words that, “During the course of hearing, it is not disputed by learned counsel that no complaint has ever been made by petitioner No. 1 either against the husband or any of the other family members of the in-laws. Admittedly, the marriage is 12 years old and the children are also residing with the father. It does not appeal to prudence that after leaving the matrimonial home, the petitioner No. 1 has not contacted her parents, but chose to live alone at District Jhajjar. Except for the bald allegation that respondent No. 5 treated the petitioner No. 1 with cruelty, no supportive material has been placed on record by her. This Court finds that not only the petition for protection is founded on frivolous grounds, but it also amounts to abuse of the process of law. Apparently, the petitioner has not approached the Court with clean hands and has deliberately suppressed the material facts, therefore, this Court finds that she deserves to be saddled with costs.”

                                      As a corollary, Justice Manoj Bajaj of the Punjab and Haryana High Court then finally concludes by observing directly and diligently that, “In view of the above, this Court does not find any reason to exercise the extra ordinary writ jurisdiction and the petition is dismissed with costs of Rs 25,000/- to be borne by petitioner No. 1. It is ordered that the costs be deposited in Bar Council of Punjab and Haryana, COVID-19 Relief Fund, within four weeks from today. Chief Judicial Magistrate, Rohtak shall ensure the recovery and deposits of the costs.”

                        To sum up, the long and short of this noteworthy judgment is that woman too now must be very cautious before approaching the Courts for relief in any particular case. It goes without saying that now woman must also ensure that she too just like men has approached the court with clean hands. She should no longer hope that like the past, she will immediately get an order in her favour just because she is a woman and normally it is seen that the courts always sympathizes with woman!

                         But times have changed now and the approach of the courts have also changed substantially! This latest verdict by none other than the Punjab and Haryana High Court is the biggest proof to substantiate this that a woman can no longer hope that she will promptly get relief from courts as courts now very carefully go deep into the concerned case and examine it from very close quarters and only after weighing the pros and cons pronounces its final decision! Now courts don’t hesitate to promptly impose court on the woman if it finds that there is no merit in her allegations, she just attempts to hoodwink the court and the precious time of the court has been wasted on utterly frivolous grounds having no merit at all!

                                So, without doubt, it is in the own best interest of a woman that she deeply examines all the allegations that she makes and finds it fully genuine and sustainable in any court. If she neglects here then she will have to cough up a huge amount as we see in this leading case.   There can be no denying it!

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh

Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), set up by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India is supporting COVID-19 vaccine development by facilitating  the establishment of the r-VSV vaccine manufacturing platform for the first time in India under the National Biopharma Mission.

This support to establishing r-VSV vaccine manufacturing platform is being extended to Aurobindo Pharma Limited which is developing a vaccine for SARS COV-2 (COVID-19). This SARS COV-2 vaccine candidate is based on the company’s proprietary replication-competent, attenuated, recombinant vesicular stomatitis (VSV, VesiculoVax™) vaccine delivery platform.

Aurobindo is in the process of setting up a state-of-art manufacturing facility for viral vaccines which will be used to produce the COVID-19 vaccine and other viral vaccines.The plant will comply to global standards.

Commenting on the collaboration with Aurobindo, Dr Renu Swarup, Secretary, DBT and Chairperson, BIRAC said, “The partnership with Aurobindo is to serve the country’s need for a vaccine to fight this pandemic. The government is focussed on creating an ecosystem that nurtures and encourages new product innovation to address the most relevant issues to our society.”

About BIRAC:

Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) is a not-for-profit Section 8, Schedule B, Public Sector Enterprise, set up by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India as an Interface Agency to strengthen and empower the emerging Biotech enterprise to undertake strategic research and innovation, addressing nationally relevant product development needs.

About National Biopharma Mission:

The Industry-Academia Collaborative Mission of Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt of India for accelerating discovery research to early development for Biopharmaceuticals approved by the Cabinet for a total cost US$ 250 million and 50% co-funded by the World Bank is being implemented at Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC). This program is dedicated to deliver affordable products to the nation with an aim to improve the health standards of India’s population. Vaccines, medical devices and diagnostics and biotherapeutics are few of its most important domains, besides, strengthening the clinical trial capacity and building technology transfer capabilities in the country.

An Online Interaction of Visvesvaraya PhD Fellows working in the area of Artificial Intelligence (AI)& Analytics under Visvesvaraya PhD Scheme for Electronics & IT, with MD & CEO Digital India Corporation (DIC) and team was conducted on Sep 15, 2020.

Visvesvaraya PhD Scheme was initiated by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) with the approval of Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) in 2014 with an objective to enhance number of PhDs in ESDM & IT/ITES sectors. 908 full-time, 304 part-time PhD candidates and 158YFRFs are enrolled at 97 institutions including IITs, NITs, Central & State Universities etc. 170 PhD Candidates have submitted their theses through the PhD portal.

35 PhD fellows working in the area of AI were selected to present their research work. 11 PhD fellows presented their research work during the said interaction.Mr. Mayank Sharma and Mr. Pranshu Jain from IIT Delhi, Mr. Harsh Bhasin from JNU Delhi, Mr. Sayan Sikdar from NIT Arunachal Pradesh, Mr. Dharamsotu Bheekya from University of Hyderabad, Mr. K Narayana Rao from Andhra University College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam and Mr. Kailash Wamanrao kalare from Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur have presented their work in Machines Learning, Deep Learning, parallel computing and wireless sensor network research area.

Ms. Chamarty Anusha and Mr. D. Venkata Subbaiah from Andhra University College of Engineering Vishakhapatnam have presented their work on Object Detection and recognition of camera images from Machine Intelligent.

Mr. Narayan Changder from NIT Durgapur has presented his work on Novel Algorithms for Multi-Agents Coalition Structure Generation.

Ms. Kirti Kumar has presented her work on Automated Detection of Cyberbullying on Social Media.

The research work was highly appreciated by the MeitY officials.

The session concluded with encouraging and motivating words from MD & CEO, DIC, Mr. Abhishek Singh who appreciated the work being done in the area of AI & Analytics. Scholars at advance stages of their research were suggested to focus on the ways their results/technologies be applied in practical scenarios. They were also asked to reach out to DIC/MeitY regarding the issues faced by them while pursuing their research work in terms of computational capabilities; collaborations with ministries, departments, researchers & experts; access to right data etc.

India celebrates Engineer’s Day every year on September 15 as a tribute to the greatest Indian Engineer Bharat Ratna Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya on his birthday. He was the engineering pioneer of India.Considering his outstanding contributions to the society, Government of India conferred ‘Bharat Ratna’ on this legend in the year 1955.

The Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan (GKRA) is a 125-day Abhiyan launched by Hon’ble Prime Minister on 20th June, 2020 with a mission to address the issues of returnee migrant workers and similarly affected rural population by Covid-19 pandemic through a multi- pronged strategy of providing immediate employment & livelihood opportunities to the distressed, to saturate the villages with public infrastructure and creation of livelihood assets to boost the income generation activities and enhance long term livelihood opportunities by giving focus on 25 works in 116 selected districts across 6 States with a resource envelope of Rs 50,000 crore.

State-wise employment generated in persondays and quantum  of amount  spent  so far  under Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan’ is as below:

Mahatma Gandhi NREGS is a demand driven wage employment scheme. Every adult member of a household in a rural area, having job card (as per Mahatma Gandhi NREG Act), is eligible for a demand for a job under the scheme. There is no provision to register a Job card holder categorised as migrant labourers/ family in the job card in the scheme. A job card can be issued to a migrant labour/family as per the provision of the Act against a demand by the migrant labour/family. A total of 86,81,928 new job card during the current FY so far has been issued as compared to 64,95,823 new job card issued during the FY 2019-20. State-wise fund released/spent under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (Mahatma Gandhi NREGS) from April 2020 to August, 2020 is at Annexure-I.

So far as enhancement of guaranteed days of employment is concerned, the Mahatma Gandhi NREGA envisages for providing 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to each household in rural areas whose adult members volunteers to do unskilled manual work. In addition to this, there is a provision for additional 50 days of unskilled wage employment in a financial year in drought/natural calamity notified rural areas. As per Section 3(4) of the Mahatma Gandhi NREG Act, 2005, the State Governments may make provisions for providing additional days beyond the period guaranteed under the Act from their own funds.

State-wise release/expenditure under wage for Mahatma Gandhi NREGS for financial   years 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21 (from April 2020 to August 2020 is at Annexure-II.

The details of household provided employment is at Annexure-III(a) and the details of persondays generated is at Annexure-III(b) between March-August 2020 and corresponding period in 2019.

As per section 6(1) of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (Mahatma Gandhi NREGA), the Central Government may, by notification, specify the wage rate for its beneficiaries. Accordingly, the Ministry of Rural Development notifies Mahatma Gandhi NREGA wage rate every year for States/UTs. To compensate the Mahatma Gandhi NREGA workers against inflation, the Ministry of Rural Development revises the wage rate every year based on change in Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labour (CPI-AL) . The wage rate is made applicable from 1^st April of each Financial Year. However, each State/UT can provide wage over and above the wage-rate notified by the Central Government. The wage rate for the States/UTs for the Financial Year 2020-21, notified on 23^rd March, 2020 is at Annexure-IV.

The wage rate under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA is fixed in pursuance of section 6(1) of the Act. This department does not maintain minimum wage rate of different State centrally.

The Central Government, with active support of the State Governments, has so far been able to meet the demands of works with adequate funding. During current financial year, as on 10.09.2020, the Ministry has released Rs. 60,44,098.23 lakh till now to the States & UTs for implementation of Scheme. The details of the comparison of personday generated during the period between 2019 and 2020 is given below: