INSURANCE VS INVESTMENT

In today’s world, it is very easy to confuse Insurance with Investment. One might feel that he/she is investing in their future and decreasing their future financial burden because he/she purchased an insurance policy. Let’s take a look at the definition of insurance and investment.

Insurance refers to a contract or policy in which an individual or entity receives financial protection or reimbursement against losses. It protects the insured against risk of losses or damage.

Investment, on the other hand, refers to an asset or item acquired with the goal of generating income or appreciation. For example, real estate, mutual funds, shares etc.

With the increase in types of insurance policies and persuasive insurance sales representatives, people tend to think of insurance as investments. However, Insurance merely provides protection in the event of loss, which may or may not arise. In case of no loss or damage, sum total of all the insurance premium paid is profit for the insurance company.

On the other hand, the main purpose of an investment is to generate income by providing returns (dividends and interest) and/or capital gains (value appreciation; increase in price). Insurance does not provide any substantial returns. It merely provides reimbursement in the event of loss/damage and therefore, it is not an investment.

Do you need Insurance? If yes, what kind?

Insurance planning is essential to protect against different kinds of risks and to be financially prepared in case of loss or damage to life or property. However, it should not be used a means to invest.

There are different types of insurance which can be broadly classified into Personal, Property and Liability. There are three types of insurance that you must have to protect against risk, not as an investment: Health insurance, Term life insurance and Automobile insurance.

Health insurance is a must to ensure that in case of an accident or injury, hospital and medical bills don’t eat away your savings.

Term life insurance ensures that in case of death of the earning member of the family, the family has enough to survive for a substantial period of time. Term life insurance has a fixed period and hence, has a very low monthly premium with a decent coverage. However, if the policy expires and the insured is still alive, the insured does not get any amount back. So, this policy should only be taken by the earning member at the right life stage in case he/she does not own enough assets to leave behind for his/her family.

Automobile Insurance (third party) is mandated by the Government of India on the purchase of a vehicle and hence, every vehicle owner should have one.

Other types of insurances sold and bought in the name of ‘investment’ like Endowment plans, Money back policy and the new policy called Unit-linked insurance plans (ULIP) which allows you to invest in the stock market should be avoided at all costs.

It is much more profitable to invest in the market through mutual funds or investor’s Demat account than to do the same through insurance companies. The rate of return in the market is much higher and it doesn’t cost as much as Insurance.

For example, if you buy Money Back insurance plan with a policy term of 20 years with ₹10,00,000 assured cover, the monthly premium calculated on LIC premium calculator comes out to be around ₹6300-6500 per month.

As calculated above, the total premium paid is ₹11,27,282 and the total amount received is ₹18,20,000. The total profit/return (approx.) is only ₹6,90,000 in 20 years. The return on investment (Return/Total Amount paid x 100) is only 61%.

However, if the same amount is invested in SIP of any instrument with a return rate of just 6% for the same time period (20 years), the returns (calculated on Groww SIP calculator) are much higher.

₹6000 rupees invested monthly in any instrument with a return rate of only 6% for 20 years gives a return of ₹13,46,000 making the total value of the investment ₹27,86,000. The ROI (Return/Total Amount paid x 100) in this scenario is 93%.

Conclusion

Although Insurance is an essential part of Financial Planning to protect against different kinds of risks which varies from person to person, it should not be mixed with Investment. For greater returns and growth, investors should directly invest in the market or in any other instrument which suits their risk appetite and capacity.

Why Human Development?

Human development refers to the process of widening people’s choices, freedom and opportunities as well as raising the level of their well being. Human development focusses on the enlargement of all human choices whether economic, social, cultural or political.
Economic growth or development alone cannot guarantee human development. This is because these two terms pertain to economic advancement which is usually expressed in monetary terms. Accumulation of wealth does not necessarily mean the fulfilment of several kinds of human choices. For instance, a society does not have to be rich to afford democracy or equality. It is the how we use the wealth and not the wealth itself that is decisive in attaining human development. The real wealth of a society is its people and development of those people can transform that society.
In recent times, an alternative to GNP as a measure of economic development has lead to computation of the Human Development Index. This measure has been enlarged and many related indices like gender development index, gender inequality index, human poverty index, etc. have been developed as well. Human development is necessary for several reasons.
Human development leads to higher productivity. A healthy and skilled labour is a very important productive asset for any economy. Improvement in education not only enhances skills but also helps in lowering family sizes. Education makes people aware of the benefits of smaller families.
Human development also leads to a better physical and social environment. Population growth effects the environment. Deforestation, desertification etc decline with a decline in poverty. Reduced poverty also contributes to a healthy civil society, increased democracy and greater social stability.
Human development embraces the entire society and not just the economy. The political, cultural and social factors are given much importance as the economic factors.
Some of the important components of human development are equity, empowerment, sustainability and productivity. People must enjoy equitable access to opportunities. They must be empowered so that they are in a position to exercise choices of their own free will. The development should be sustainable i.e. needs of future generations should also be under consideration. Productivity is an essential part of human development as therefore should always be a priority.
In the recent years, economists have shifted their concern from economic growth to human development. This has lead to the creation of Human Development Index (HDI). HDI is a measure of human development done on the basis of three dimensions: long and healthy life, access to education and decent standard of living. Long and healthy life can be measured through life expectancy while literacy rate shows access to knowledge. For measuring standard of living, GNP is often used.
Since human development is so closely linked to economic growth, it is important that planning in economic growth should coincide with human development. It means that equal emphasis should be laid on production and distribution objectives. Human beings should be declared the ultimate objective of economic planning. There are enormous difficulties in doing so but it is worthwhile.

Know More about Drug Abuse this United Nations International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking.

You must have heard about the word addiction.
According to its etymology , the root of the word addict comes from the Latin word addictus which means “to devote, sacrifice, sell out, betray or abandon.”

Tess Callahan , a recovered drug addict defined addiction as ,
Addiction is just a way of trying to get at something else. Something bigger. Call it transcendence if you want, but it’s a rat in a maze. We all want the same thing. We all have this hole. The thing you want offers relief, but it’s a trap.”

Addiction is a trap , a disorder. One can refer to addiction as , Substance use disorder (SUD) .
Drugs , alcohol , smoking and many others are some common types of addiction .

It’s nerve racking to think something so pernicious is something so common for the world we live in .


What is a drug addiction ?

WHO defines drug addiction as _”, a state of periodic or chronic intoxication detrimental to the individual and to society produced by the repeated consumption of drugs , natural or synthetic …”

Drug abuse , drug addiction ,drug trafficking have been the tragedies of the 20tj century and have been passed on with no less vigour to the 21st century .


International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking

26th June ,has been celebrated as the United Nation International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking since 1989 .

The International conference in Vienna during 17-26 June ,1987 on Drug abuse and Illicit Trafficking, two important texts , Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control & Declaration of the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking were adopted and 26th June was declared as United Nation International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in 1989.

Every year , The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) releases a World Drug Report . The report provides data and facts about the intensity of drug problems around the world. The data is completely key statistics and factual data obtained through official sources. UNODC also provides practical solutions to get to grips with these problems and abiding to be committed to attaining a vision of good health .

The World Drug Report provides a global overview of the supply and demand of drugs (such as opiates, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamine-type stimulants and new psychoactive substances ) , as well as their evil effects on health .


World Drug Report — 2021 , focuses not only on drug addiction potential effects but also on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, assisting Member States in addressing challenges that may arise in the near future.

The 2021 report , consisting of five separate booklets, providing an in-depth analysis of the global drug markets and giving a comprehensive picture of the measurable effects and potential impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the world drug problem. Covid -19 has already made the heedless public aware about the importance of health on a global level.

World Drug Day is a day to spread awareness , put the kibosh on use of drugs , to research and share life saving facts , help people recover , to do their part by taking a firm stance against misinformation , while being staunch supporter against drug abuse and illicit trafficking and sharing only the real help facts on drugs and save lives.



Theme 2021 :-

This year, the theme of International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is ‘Share Facts On Drugs, Save Lives”

Information sharing makes a profound impact on individuals’ lives. It ensures that an individual receives the right information at the right time. . Facts about health risks posed by drug abuse and solutions to tackle the problem will help us move towards a society free of drug abuse.It’s like an imperative guard which promotes welfare .

The theme of the 2021 International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking aims at restraining misinformation and promoting sharing real facts on drugs and their evil effects on health and solutions to tackle the world drug problem.


Causes of Addiction :-

Dr Lawrence Kolb, the first medical director of the Public Health Service Narcotic Hospital in Lexington shared THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTION according to him
” addicts are thrill seekers; they are modest people who use drugs to overcome feelings of inferiority. Drugs allowed them to feel “grandiose” in life. They use their DRUG to escape their problems and feel like they can deal with any problem that they are subjected to. Each drug seeking episode is another opportunity to outsmart anyone, feel the thrill of the hunt and come back alive to feel the ‘high’ again.”

According to his research , for an individual to become an addict, factors like, biological, social, cultural and environmental factors have a big contribution.
“Peer pressure” is a common cause for any addict to begin their journey of addiction.

According to Ram Ahuja , a known sociologist , causes of drug abuse can be classified as follows :-
• Psychological Causes
• Physiological Causes.
Social Causes
• Miscellaneous Causes.


Some special causes include :-

• Using drugs for ” kicks “or “thrill “.
• Peer Group Influence .
• Feeling of Alienation and lack of motivation
• To Escape from the Pressure and Conflicts of Life .


Recovery from drug addiction :-

James Lee Curtis on addiction recovery said ,
“Recovery is an acceptance that your life is in shambles, and you have to change it.”



An addiction to drugs isn’t a character flaw or a sign of weakness, but it’s a trap like Johann Hari said , ” Addiction is an adaptation. It’s not you–it’s the cage you live in.”

To recover from drug addiction takes much more willpower than it actually seems. Abusing illegal drugs can create changes in the brain, causing powerful cravings and a compulsion to use it over and over again and being sober feels like an untouchable goal .

But ,
” If you chased your recovery like you chased your high, you would never relapse again.”
– By Unknown with words of encouragement for those in drug addiction recovery

No matter how hopeless the situation seems or how many times any individual fails . With the right treatment and support, change is always possible.


Control of Drug Abuse :-


There are many ways to control drug addiction :-

Educational Approach :-

As 2021 , theme of UN international Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is
” ‘Share Facts On Drugs, Save Lives”,
It’s important to have education about the evil effects of drug consumption .

Cannabis, heroin, opium , marijuana, morphine , cocaine , codeine and many such drugs are recorded to be the most commonly used . There has also been evidence of an increasing prevalence of methamphetamine as well.
There are different types of drugs which are consumed and get addicted by the public with zero awareness about its harmful effects .
Methamphetamine Addiction, Cannabis Addiction, alcoholism etc are different types of addiction.
It is important to have information from credible sources and restrain others from spreading misinformation.


Behaviour therapy :

Therapy and counseling may be done with an individual, a family or a group can be as helpful as medical treatment .
Therapists suggest strategies to individuals to cope with drug craving , help in medication during relapse , can suggest alternative activities which help in preventing drug abuse etc.

There are basic three types of behavioural therapy :-

1: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, which seeks to help patients to recognize, avoid and cope with situations in which they are most likely to relapse
.
2: Multidimensional family therapy, which is designed to support the recovery of the patient by improving family functioning.

3:Motivational interviewing, which is designed to increase patient motivation to change behavior and enter treatment.


Community Approach ( Institutions & Self Help groups ) :-

Many communities , such as Narcotics Anonymous, Alcoholics Anonymous help people with their addiction .A 12-step recovery support group, like Narcotics Anonymous (NA), is one the best help for an addict.

The community supports a vision that addiction is a chronic disorder with a danger of relapse.

Institution like , NIDA,
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is one of the institutes under the National Institutes of Health , and is responsible for funding more research on drug abuse and addiction than any other agency in the world. Many NIDA-funded studies focus on achieving a deep and essential understanding of substance abuse of drugs .
NIDA seeks to educate the public and keep them updated on their new findings and how these findings may indicate the need for changes in legislation, medical care, or prevention efforts.


Treatment Centers :-

Treatment centres offer help for people who have an addiction problem. A rehabilitation centre would offer individual, group or family therapy sessions. Such centers focus on understanding the nature of addiction, finding solutions and helping individuals to be drug-free and preventing relapse.

Such treatment center perform “Detoxification

The goal of detoxification, also called “detox” or withdrawal therapy, is to enable you to stop taking the addicting drug as quickly and safely as possible .

These treatment centers provide medication like methadone and buprenorphine that can be used to treat addiction to prescription opiates, and behavioral therapies can be used to treat addiction to prescription stimulants, benzodiazepines, and other drugs.

Self -help :-

Overcoming an addiction and staying drug-free require a persistent effort.
But as Vince Lombard said ,
” Once you learn to quit, it becomes a habit.”

Committing to sobriety is a big one step towards controlling addiction
. Recovery requires time, motivation, and support, but by making a commitment to change, you can overcome your addiction and regain control of your life.




Kurt Cobain on the futility of substance abuse ( drug abuse ) says ,

“Drugs are a waste of time. They destroy your memory and your self-respect and everything that goes along with your self-esteem.”

Every year on 26th June , one can help others to regain their self esteem and overcome addiction which seems impossible.

Many people struggle with addiction, the first step toward recovery is the toughest .


” One of the hardest things was learning that I was worth recovery.” – Demi Lovato.
One can help addicts restructure their life and replace destructive habits and behaviour with healthy ones ,let them know their worth and help them lead a positive and healthy life.

So share facts about drugs and save lives .

ISRO- A Overlook-Part 4

Tamil Nadu encounters the first fatality of the Delta Plus variant of Covid-19. Be safe and alert. Still the pandemic exists. In this blog, we continue our discussion on ISRO.

Mangalyaan

After the successful launch of Chandrayaan 1, in November of 2013, ISRO launched Mangalyaan 1 to Mars and the rocket was a success. It entered Martian orbit in September of 2014. India became the first country to enter Martian orbit in the first attempt. Mangalyaan mission was initially planned to last 6 months, but it has completed 5 years of orbiting Mars and will continue for some more time. ISRO completed the entire mission at a record low cost of $74 million. Whereas Martian missions completed by NASA costed hundreds of millions of dollars. For example, the Mars Odyssey mission costed $297 million and the MAVEN mission costed $671 million and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter costed $720 million. When compared Mangalyaan 1 was literally almost 1/10 of the cost of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. ISRO has made massive strides when it comes to reducing the cost of space missions, but they are just getting started.

In future, ISRO plans to launch Aditya L1 to the Sun in 2022 (India’s first solar mission), Gaganyaan to observe the Sun in 2022, Shukrayaan 1 to Venus in 2023, and Mangalyaan 2 to Mars in 2024. Also ISRO planned for a mission to Jupiter. Looking forward, the future of ISRO looks very bright as their budget continues to increase year after year. ISRO’s budget has tripped over just the last 10 years. This is in contrast to NASA whose budget peaked 50 years ago. At the end of the day, it is obvious that ISRO is one of the most advanced space organisations in the world. They are not quite on the level of SpaceX when it comes to cost efficiency but they are magnitudes ahead of other Government funded space organisations. Considering their growth, it is just a matter of time until ISRO places humans in orbit and eventually on the Moon and Mars.

Gaganyaan

Gaganyaan is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft intended to be the formative spacecraft of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The spacecraft is being designed to carry three people, and a planned upgraded version will be equipped with rendezvous and docking capability. In its maiden crewed mission, ISRO’s largely autonomous 5.3 t (12,000 lb) capsule will orbit the Earth at 400 km (250 mi) altitude for up to seven days with a two or three-person crew on board. The crewed vehicle was originally planned to be launched on ISRO’s GSLV Mk III in December 2021, but this has since been delayed to no earlier than 2023. On 11 June 2020, it was announced that while the first uncrewed Gaganyaan launch has been delayed due to COVID-19 pandemic in India, overall timeline for crewed launches is expected to remain unaffected.

When ready to land, its service module and solar panels will be disposed off before reentry. The capsule would return for a parachute splashdown in the Bay of Bengal. The parachutes would reduce the speed of the crew module from over 216 m/s to under 11 m/s at splashdown.

tips to answer some of the difficult job interview questions

Are you still afraid to face the Job interview or, you have been to many job interview but have not crack it yet because of few difficult question coming on you way ,that you find hard to answer ,than you are at the right article. Job interviews have always been a matter of stress for many people, as either they got nervous or had came across with few difficult questions such as Why should I hire you , Why do you want this job , Where do you see your self , etc which make them loss the interview .The reason why these question seems to be difficult to answer by many people is that there is not any accurate answer to these ,i.e the answer to these question mainly differ from person to person , so you have to formulate these as per the situation , and requirement.

Most of the time your HR expect you answer in a certain way when ask these question , and as it was way too difficult to predict exactly what the next person is expecting , you obviously can’t read someone’s mind but you can follow certain tips to answer in the best way . So here are the few tips to answer few common difficult question in the right way .

1.Tell me something about yourself

You must be wondering why did I choose this question as many of must have known , how to answer this one , well that might be true too , but trust me there is alot more you need to know as to how this question should be answer and avoid few common mistakes that you might be making. This question can either make your first impression go good or can end up messing ,so if you want to make a strong first impression do follow these 2 tips , if you have been following these well and good but if not that consider doin it .

  • Do not prefer starting by saying “MY NAME IS …” as your name is already know it is there the first thing the HR have read , so why repeating it again instead say “As you already know my name ” and proceed with your qualification .
  • Telling about the Hobbies well this is the main part as this tell alot about you , the answer to this question need to be framed in such a way that it connect with the job requirement indirectly you are applying for , such as if you are applying for the Graphic Designer post than do say my hobbies are doing sketches or art or something related with colors , in this way you can connect your answer with the post .

2. Where do you see yourself in next five years

You must have came across with this question and must find it a little difficult to answer . This question is generally ask to know whether the candidate have a long vision with the company or not , whether his/her goals matches up with the the company , or he / she is just taking this job as an alternative , so your answer should be in such a way that it gives them the assurity that your goals and the companies goals are on the same path and you had a long interest in the company . The 2 tips to formulate this answer to give assurity are .

  • Firstly do a through research about the company and the vacancy you had applies for , as this will help you to draw an outline of your position in the company in the best way in the next five years.
  • secondly try to break your plans , i.e , instead of saying directly you will be at this position in the next five years , say it by breaking your plans as such , in the next year I will be doing this good to the company , in the other 2 I will try to bring something new , or in the other two I will be at this position , so in this way try to break your plans this will give a good impression.

3. Why do you want this Job

Most of you must have came across with this question or if you have not you will be . Well this one requires your passion for the Job it need to be shown ,you need to be unique and clever enough to impress your HR with your answer . So here are the 2 tips to make you stand out with your answer .

  • Make sure you frame this answer in points to describe why do you want this job and do try to tell them about the best thing in the company that attract you the most towards it .
  • Get your skill set formulated in your answer in such a way that proves the benefit you could provide to the company , make sure your skill set do get matches up the company’s requirements .

4. Why should I hire you

Well this one can either help you to make your interview or may break it . This question has alot in it , as this gives the reason to your HR why do they prefer you out of the others and if you answer it in a way like , I should be hire because I am dedicated , or disciplined , or creative , or hardworking , etc than you are giving it a wrong shot . These are very common words used by all the peoples so what’s so new about you. The 2 tips that will help you to give this question the right shot are .

  • Try to add that qualities in your answer that are required in the Job , the qualities that are written in the job description , the skill that were mention try to frame them in your answer . for example it as mention that “the candidate need to know all the programming in any software developer post “, so try to add all the programming language in your answer so that they know you know all of them pretty well .
  • Always prefer to support your answer with some examples of your practical usage of skill in any event , competition , or at any place where you have practically used them , this will gives the surety to your HR that you genuinely had all the skill that are requires for that job.

5. What is you Salary expectation

Always kind of found this answer the most difficult to answer as you are not sure what to ask for as your pay scale ,what if that amount was higher than the normal range , that the company usually offer for that job , or what if you choose an amount that was less than the normal pay scale of the company .Don’t worry I have a solution for the the 2 tips that will help you to give this answer perfectly are .

  • Do have a detailed research of the average pay scale of that post offered by the company since 3 year back so that you will get an idea about the increment they had in that pay scale in the past 3 year and also do prefer to research about the average pay scale of that post in the market also , so that you can come with with the right amount as per your worth .
  • Don’t just tell them the exact amount (say $30k) instead come up with a certain range in which that amount lies so that you will get what you want ,decide that range in such a way so that they cant pay you less than what you want as per your worth (say $28k -$35k).

Well these are the few tips that might help you to formulate your answer to these difficult question that were commonly asked .Do comment down below which one you find the ” difficult one” to answer .

Turmeric: The golden herb

Turmeric or Haldi is a herb that is so commonly used in Indian households that it is taken for granted that no home in India lacks it. It is used as a spice in food, as a home remedy for an injury or cough cold etc in milk or for application on wounds

The active constituent of turmeric is curcumin which has several medicinal properties. According to research done in USA, it is found that turmeric has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activities and also has a potential to reduce the risk of various malignant disease, arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, and other chronic illness including rheumatoid arthritis.

There are several benefits of the super food, turmeric –

1. PREVENTS HEART DISEASE: Curcumin improves endothelial function that covers the inside of the heart and blood vessels, protects age-related loss of function, and reduces your likelihood of developing heart disease.

2. PREVENTS DIABETES: Curcumin contains anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that lead to a significant decrease in blood sugar, prevent diabetic nephropathy, as well as increase plasma insulin.

3. TREATS DEPRESSION: Researchers suggest that curcumin boost levels of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and shows greater antidepressant effects and is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder.

4. SUPPORTS SKIN HEALTH: Curcumin contains antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that help to treat a variety of skin conditions like acne, atopic dermatitis, photoaging, and psoriasis.

5. PROTECTS FROM FREE RADICALS: Curcumin protects your body against damage caused by free radicals that are generated in our bodies caused by environmental pollutants like cigarette smoke, liquors, and industrial chemicals.

6. BOOSTS IMMUNITY: Turmeric is anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-fungal properties that protect the human body from a variety of infections and boosts immunity.

7. TREATS ARTHRITIS: Curcumin contains inflammatory properties that are an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease, which spreads to the eyes, lungs, skin, heart, and blood vessels and ultimately lead to physical disabilities.

How to extract maximum benefits from turmeric –

1. Curcumin is also fat-soluble, which means it breaks down and dissolves in fat or oil. No wonder then, it was added to a meal being cooked with ghee and fats. Also, it is often used as a drink in milk at night.

2. Turmeric tea, brewed using grated turmeric root or pure powder, is considered one of the most effective ways to consume the spice.

3. Since, curcumin is poorly absorbed in bloodstream, it is when taken with pepper enhances the absorbtion of curcumin by 2000 percent while making it more effective.

4. To prepare Haldi Chai or Turmeric Tea, you can use 2 teaspoons of ground Haldi powder in about four cups of water – boiling for about 10 minutes before straining it. You can flavor it with honey and whole milk, or cream, coconut oil or ghee to dissolve curcumin and make it available for absorption by the body.

5. Now various supplements of turmeric are also available in the market but it is advisable to consult with the doctor for the same.

Robotics and AI


What is AI Robot?
AI Robots square measure the bogus agents acting within the real-world atmosphere.
Objective
Artificial Intelligence automaton is aimed toward manipulating the objects by perceiving, picking, moving, destroying it.

What is Robotics?
Robotics could be a branch of AI, that consists of various branches and application of robots.
Components of AI automaton
To buid AI automaton we want we want
a. Power offer
As AI robots square measure high-powered by batteries, alternative energy, hydraulic.
b. Actuators
We use this to convert energy into movement.
c. electrical motors (AC/DC)
We need this for the movement movement.
d. gas Air Muscles
As we will say that they contract nearly four-hundredth once the air is sucked in them.
e. Muscle Wires
Although, we’ve detected that it contract by five-hitter once an electrical current is well-versed them.
f. Piezo Motors and inaudible Motors
Basically, we have a tendency to use it for industrial robots.
g. Sensors
Generally, we have a tendency to use it in task atmosphere. because it provides info of period data.
How AI Robotic Vacuums Work?
There square measure those folks World Health Organization clean once per week, and there square measure those folks World Health Organization clean once the in-laws return to go to. The attractiveness of the robotic vacuum reaches each camps. Either way, the home is a touch additional speckless with marginal human input.
Today’s computing robotic vacuums square measure a so much cry from the primary models. that you simply had to trace down, stranded somewhere in your house, by their melancholy, “I’m out of power” beeping.

The latest product clean your house, keep in mind the layout to extend potency. Also, dump their own dirt in a very receptacle and realize their approach back to the charging station in order that they will rejoice
The distinction in automaton System and AI Programs
Here is that the distinction between computing vs Robot:
a. AI Programs
Usually, we have a tendency to use to work them in computer-simulated worlds.
Generally, Associate in Nursing input is given within the style of symbols and rules.
Basically, to work this we want general purpose computers.
b. Robots
Generally, we have a tendency to use robots to work within the real physical world.
Basically, inputs square measure given within the style of the analog signal within the style of the speech undulation.
Also, to work this, special hardware with sensors and effectors square measure required
Applications of computing AI
a. Industries
Generally, we have a tendency to use AI automaton in industries for numerous functions. like handling material, cutting, welding, color coating, drilling, polishing, etc.
b. Medicine
Generally, AI Robots square measure terribly useful. As they’re capable of concluding many clinical tests.
c. Exploration
Basically, for mountaineering, house exploration we have a tendency to use AI automaton.
d. amusement
For flick creating, Disney’s engineers have created many AI automaton.
So, this was all concerning computing automaton. Hope you prefer our clarification.

THE ART MACHINE- JAMINI ROY

The great artist and his great creation

On 11th April of 1887 at Beliatore in Bankura,West Bengal the great Jamini Roy was born. His family was a simple middle class land-owner bengali family. He grew up with a lot of love for painting. His father , Ramanath Roy resigned Jamini Roy from the Government services  and was admitted to the Government College of Art in 1903 when he was 16 years only.

When he took admission in Art College then Abanindranath Tagore , the founder of Bengal School , was vice-principal of this college.Mr. Roy was taught under Abanindranath Tagore’s teaching. He was taught to print in the prevailing academic tradition by Abanindranath Tagore. He taught classical nudes and oil painting. In 1908 he finished his course and got a Diploma in Fine Art. 

Jamini Roy started his painting with the western cultural art but his heart wanted to create something folk style traditional painting. He had a huge interest in traditional cultural  painting. Actually he got inspiration from ‘Kalighat Pat’ which is a kind of ‘Patachitra’ and it is drawn by bold sweeping brush-strokes. 

In the 1st stage of his career he painted portraits for commission but in depth he felt he was not satisfied with this. After that in 1925, he saw the ‘Kalighat Pat’ and was inspired by its style of painting.

Mr. Roy painted 20,000 paintings in his life for which he is famous by calling ‘Art Machine’. He focused always on the middle class culture or lifestyle for his painting. He believed that middle class ordinary people are more important than the higher class’ or Government because middle class people are the voice of his art. He did respect them too much. 

He had three motives: to capture the simplicity of middle class people in their daily life, to make them accessible to all over the people in India and lastly to give a own identity to the Indian Art. 

In 1938, it was his 1st art exhibition in Kolkata. In 1940, his painting came to a new light and became famous . He mixed up the Bengali middle class and the European community and it was the center of his art. After that in 1946 and in 1953 his art exhibited in London and New York City. His art was exhibited on international platforms and he was awarded by ‘Padma Bhusan’ in 1954. For most of his life he worked in Kolkata. We can see his art in many private and public collections like the London, Victoria and Albert museum .

He liked to introduce himself as a ‘Patua’. His art collection is wonderful . In 1946, ‘Ramayana’ spread across 17 canvases. This painting is now displayed in the National Art Gallery .Jamini Roy created the ‘Dual Cats With One Crayfish’ series in 1968. In 1952 the ‘Bird and Two Companions’ standed out for its majestic indigo of Bengal. Besides these, ‘Crucifixion With Attendant Angels’ , ‘Krishna And Balaram’, ‘ Santal Boy With Drum’, ‘Krishna And Radha Series’ ‘Makara’, ‘St. Ann And The Blessed Virgin’, ‘Seated Woman In Sari’, ‘ Nol O Damayanti’ etc are famous creations .He was awarded by Viceroy’s gold medal in 1934 and Fellow of the Lalit Akademi in 1935. Unfortunately this wonderful personality passed away on 24rth April, 1972. 

THE GREAT ART OF JAMINI ROY

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION:

Ecological succession is process that describes how the structure of a biological community (that is, an interacting group of various species in a desert, forest, grassland, marine environment, and so on) changes over time.Ecological succession is the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. Nothing remains the same and habitats are constantly changing.

There are two main types of succession, primary and secondary.There are two main types of succession, primary and secondary.

Primary succession is the series of community changes which occur on an entirely new habitat which has never been colonized before. For example, a newly quarried rock face or sand dunes.

Secondary succession is the series of community changes which take place on a previously colonized, but disturbed or damaged habitat. For example, after felling trees in a woodland, land clearance or a fire.

The Major Points:

The species living in a particular place gradually change over time as does the physical and chemical environment within that area.Succession takes place because through the processes of living, growing and reproducing, organisms interact with and affect the environment within an area, gradually changing it.Each species is adapted to thrive and compete best against other species under a very specific set of environmental conditions.

If these conditions change, then the existing species will be outcompeted by a different set of species which are better adapted to the new conditions.The most often quoted examples of succession deal with plant succession. It is worth remembering that as plant communities change, so will the associated micro-organism, fungus and animal species. Succession involves the whole community, not just the plants.Change in the plant species present in an area is one of the driving forces behind changes in animal species.

This is because each plant species will have associated animal species which feed on it. The presence of these herbivore species will then dictate which particular carnivores are present.The structure or ‘architecture’ of the plant communities will also influence the animal species which can live in the microhabitats provided by the plants.Changes in plant species also alter the fungal species present because many fungi are associated with particular plants.

more Succession is directional. Different stages in a particular habitat succession can usually be accurately predicted.These stages, characterised by the presence of different communities, are known as ‘seres’.Communities change gradually from one sere to another. The seres are not totally distinct from each other and one will tend to merge gradually into another, finally ending up with a ‘climax’ community.Succession will not go any further than the climax community. This is the final stage.

This does not however, imply that there will be no further change. When large organisms in the climax community, such as trees, die and fall down, then new openings are created in which secondary succession will occur.Many thousands of different species might be involved in the community changes taking place over the course of a succession. For example, in the succession from freshwater to climax woodland.The actual species involved in a succession in a particular area are controlled by such factors as the geology and history of the area, the climate, microclimate, weather, soil type and other environmental factors.

Importance of Personal Boundaries

Personal Boundaries are important because they set the basic guidelines on how you want to be treated. It is essential to have personal boundaries in order to have healthy relationships. A healthy personal boundary is when you’re confident enough to say no to others when it is necessary, but it also means that you’re comfortable enough to open up to someone you’re close with.

Listed below are a few types of important personal boundaries:

1. Material Boundaries

Material boundaries refer to setting limits on lending or borrowing material possessions like money, clothes and other personal belongings. Healthy Material Boundaries involves setting limits to what you will share and with whom.

Material boundaries look like:

  • Being careful of whom you lend money to
  • Limiting sharing personal hygiene items like lip balm, clothes, etc.
  • Not spending time with people who do not respect your time

Material boundaries are violated when:

  • your things are destroyed or stolen or when they are “borrowed” too frequently.
  • Another material violation is the use of materials to manipulate and control relationships.

2. Emotional Boundaries

Emotional boundaries deals with people’s feelings and energy. It refers to how much emotional energy you can take in at a moment. A healthy emotional boundary involves knowing when to share and not share personal information and feelings and limiting sharing it with people who respond poorly.

Emotional boundaries look like:

  • Needing time to cool off after an argument
  • Not allowing people to shame or belittle you
  • Being honest to others about your emotional state

Emotional boundaries are violated when:

  • Your feelings are dismissed and criticized
  • Not respecting your personal space
  • asking people to justify their feelings
  • emotionally dumping on people without their permission
  • Telling other people how they feel

3. Physical Boundaries

Personal physical boundaries refers to the area immediately surrounding the body. A healthy physical boundaries refers to an understanding of who is allowed to come near our personal space. Physical boundary ranges from public space, social space, personal space to intimate space where nobody should be allowed without your consent.

Physical boundaries look like:

  • Choosing your comfortable level of physical intimacy (hugging, shaking hands
  • Setting a boundary of space with the people you live with
  • Asking people to respect your privacy

Physical boundaries are violated when:

  • Strangers initiate physical contact
  • Not knocking your room before they enter
  • Ridicule you for setting your boundaries

4. Sexual Boundaries

Sexual boundaries are very important in one’s life and are constantly under the threat of being violated. A healthy sexual boundary can be set by understanding the difference between ‘good touch’ and ‘bad touch’. Violation of this boundary can gravely affect someone’s life.

Sexual boundaries look like:

  • Always ensuring that both parties consent to the act
  • understanding that it is okay to say ‘no’ at any given time
  • Knowing whom to share intimate personal information with

Sexual boundaries are violated when:

  • Someone forces themselves onto you without consent
  • asking intrusive questions about your sexuality
  • sharing your intimate information about you without your consent

5. Spiritual Boundaries

We live in a society where many different religions are beliefs are followed. Spiritual boundaries refer to understanding that everyone has right to choose and believe in a religion. A healthy spiritual boundary involves respecting each other’s beliefs and their methods of portraying it.

Spiritual Boundaries look like:

  • Choosing whom to share your beliefs with
  • Following your own teachings and traditions
  • Not allowing people to abuse you for your beliefs

Spiritual Boundaries are violated when:

  • Going to a place of worship against your consent
  • Being forced into someone else’s beliefs
  • Being ridiculed for your beliefs

Setting up personal boundaries should be a priority in our lives as it plays an important role in coexisting harmoniously within the society.

Reference Links:

Health Problems Related To Stress And Their Remedies

1.Heart disease:

Stress can directly increase heart rate and blood flow, and causes the release of cholesterol into the blood stream. It’s also possible that stress is related to other problems like an increased likelihood of smoking or obesity that indirectly increase the heart risks.

Doctors do know that sudden emotional stress can be a trigger for serious cardiac problems, including heart attacks. People who have chronic heart problems need to avoid acute stress and learn how to successfully manage life’s unavoidable stresses as much as they can.

2. Asthma:

Many studies have shown that stress can worsen asthma. Some evidence suggests that a parent’s chronic stress might even increase the risk of developing asthma in their children. One study looked at how parental stress affected the asthma rates of young children who were also exposed to air pollution or whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. The kids with stressed out parents had a substantially higher risk of developing asthma.

3. Obesity:

Excess fat in the belly seems to pose greater health risks than fat on the legs and unfortunately, that’s just where people with high stress seem to store it.

4. Diabetes: 

Stress can worsen diabetes in two ways. First, it increases the likelihood of bad behaviors, such as unhealthy eating and excessive drinking. Second, stress seems to raise the glucose levels of people with type 2 diabetes directly.

5. Headaches:

Stress is considered one of the most common triggers for headaches. Not just tension headaches, but migraines as well.

6. Depression and anxiety: 

It’s probably no surprise that chronic stress is connected with higher rates of depression and anxiety. One survey of recent studies found that people who had stress related to their jobs like demanding work had an 80% higher risk of developing depression within a few years than people with lower stress.

7. Stomach problems: 

In some people, stress slows down digestion, causing bloating, pain and constipation, while in others it speeds it up, causing diarrhoea and frequent trips to the loo. Some people lose their appetite completely. Stress can also worsen digestive conditions like stomach ulcers and irritable bowel syndrome.

8. Alzheimer’s disease: 

Stress might worsen Alzheimer’s disease, causing its brain damage to become more quickly. Some researchers speculate that reducing stress has the potential to slow down the progression of the disease.

9. Accelerated aging: 

Stress can cause wrinkles to form because high amounts of cortisol, the stress hormone, can break down the skin’s collagen and elastin. Research has found that chronic stress can increase inflammation, causing skin aging and accelerating the formation of wrinkles.

10. Premature death:

Stress and depression can take a dangerous toll on the health of people with heart problems. People who had high levels of both stress and depression were 48 percent more likely to die or have a heart attack during the study period, compared with the group that had low levels of stress and depression. 

A number of strategies can help to reduce stress levels and improve well-being. Some methods for managing stress include:

1.Understanding the signs and symptoms: 

These indications can vary, but if a person can recognize their own signals of stress, they will be better able to manage them.

2. Speaking to friends and family:

They can provide emotional support and the motivation to take action.

3. Identifying triggers:

It is not always possible to avoid triggers of stress. However, taking note of specific triggers can help a person to develop coping and management strategies, which may involve reducing exposure.

4. Exercising regularly:

Physical activity increases the body’s production of endorphins, which are chemicals that boost the mood and reduce stress. Exercise can involve walking, cycling, running, working out, or playing sports.

5. Trying mindfulness:

People who practice this form of meditation use breathing and thought techniques to create an awareness of their body and surroundings. Mindfulness can have a positive impact on stress, anxiety, and depression.

6. Improving sleep quality:

Getting too little sleep or sleep of poor quality can contribute to stress. Try to get at least 7 hours every night, and set regular times for going to sleep and waking up. Avoid caffeine, eating, and intense physical activity in the hours before bed.

It can also help to unwind before sleeping, by listening to music, reading a book, taking a warm bath, or meditating. 

WHAT IS EVIDENCE?

Basically many people will think that evidence is nothing but proof supporting a claim or belief. but for public health interventions, evidence typically refers to the effectiveness of an intervention in achieiving an outcome that will create lasting changes in the health of the population. this evidence is usually published in scientific literature such as in professional journals, books or governament reports.

As a result many public health professionals have found other ways to describe or demonstrate the effectiveness of their interventions. the terms best practise, promising practise, exemplary practise, and model intervention are also used interchangebly with evidence in publiv health settings. this recommendations may be based on evidence that the intervention has been developed, implemented and evaluted according to behavioral science theories or models that have been successfull in creating changes in health related outcomes in other communities. it may seems obvious that there must be a legal concept of evidence that is distinguishable from the ordinary concept of evidence. after all there are in law many special rules on what can or cannot be introduced as evidence in the court, on how evidence is to be presented and the uses to which it may be put, on the strength or sufficiency of evidence proof and so forth. but the law remains silent on some crucial matters. in resolving the factual disputes before the court the jury or at a bench trail the judge has to relay on extra legal principles.

A PROFESSION IN AGRICULTURE- WHY NOT?

After many years agriculture has been referred to as an ageing profession with a majority of young people choosing it as the last opinion. at previous years many of the people were thinking a lot for choosing agriculture profession because the people in the society were thinking that if they choose agriculture profession many of them would not give us value and they may degrade us. this is the inner feeling of the people to do not choose the agriculture profession. but now a days if we ask the people in their formative years what they want to be when they growup and intial answers like doctors, engineers, pilots, will most definely float in the air. this begs the question is agriculture not a good profession especially given in the growing global population that needs to be fed?

Agriculture is not only important in the provision of the nutrients to man, but also plays a key role in landscapes restatement. growing up in farm are fascinated everyday basis made him realise he was cut out to be a farmer. some young professionals draw a completely different pictures. main challenge facing in agriculture field is farmers really dont know the value of themselves. they would love to be independent but there is no way out of the system

Why do we need taxes?

Taxes constitute a major source of revenue for modern governments. The total revenues of modern states besides tax revenues, non–tax revenues, customs and excise duties etc. also constitute parts of the revenue system. Tax revenues are important and useful as they do not create any liability to the state. Taxation is the only practical means of raising the revenue to finance government spending on the goods and services that most of us demand. Setting up an efficient and fair tax system is, however, far from simple, particularly for developing countries. 

Purpose of Taxation: Taxation is an important part of the national economic development. It serves many purposes, which are as follows: 

1. Pace of Economic Development: Tax policy can affect the pace of economic development and the way the rewards of that development are distributed. 

2. Improvement of Different Sectors: Collection of revenue helps to improve the performance of different sectors of the country. It cannot perform its administrative and development activities without collection of revenue. It is the main objective of tax. 

3. Redistribution of Income: It means the transfer of income from some individuals to others caused by progressive tax. Such redistribution from rich to poor reduces inequality. This can be accomplished by increasingly higher taxes, for example, estate and income tax. 

4. Correction of Externalities: Taxes can correct externalities and other forms of market failure such as monopoly. The purpose of taxes is to enable the government to regulate social welfare activities and to create a market to induce such activities. Also, government spending by using collection of taxes by increasing productive capacity and thus overcoming market failure. For example, health care may lead to a more healthier and productive workforce. 

5. Import Taxes: Import taxes may control imports and therefore help the country’s international balance of payments and protect industries from overseas competition. Indigenous industries may be awarded protection by way of taxation with the help of imposition of high custom duties on foreign goods.

Objectives and Principles of Tax: 

1. Tax as a Percentage of GDP: The current economic turmoil and recession requires special measures from governments. Degrees of taxation must be clearly stated as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product. Substantial tax gains show that there is quite a lot of burden on individuals as well as business houses. There must be an appraisal done before a tax is levied to question the requirement for new regulations and to set up a precise and up-to-date estimate of costs.  

2. Tax Simplification and Stability: Tax legislation and operation should be simple and straightforward to understand and comply with. To avoid too much time consumption in coping up with tax compliance, the volume of legislation must be kept to a minimum. Amendments in tax law, especially those that are opposite to earlier tax breaks or incentives that were the basis of business planning, must be reduced as much as possible.  

3. Openness, Transparency and Accountability: Tax policies should be transparent and without bias, but for a part of a declared discriminatory policy such as one required for promoting new businesses. There is a wider political question about the extent to which it is appropriate to use taxation as an instrument of social policy, for example, penalising smoking by heavy duties or environmental taxes to mitigate climate change.  

4. Certainty: This principle has been given by Adam Smith and explained earlier. The law should be framed in such a way that its interpretation must be the same whosoever analyses it. Authorities must be capable to amend and alter long established practices to which businesses are used to. Taxpayers must have certainty over Revenue authorities’ interrelations. 

5. Tax Competitiveness: The globalisation of business implies that every nation must make sure that its tax rates are competitive and its administration user friendly. Tax is a significant issue and a deciding factor in setting up a business. 

6. The tax base of a nation is more important than its rate. For instance, the headline corporate tax.

7. Efficiency: Efficient tax systems need to be developed so that the amounts due to the government can be collected without any delay, avoidance or evasion. Such efficiency would prevent the build-up of a black economy on one hand, and help the taxpayers in tax payment procedure on the other. 

Hence, a tax system that is rational, equitable and simple needs to be created. To promote growth, a stable revenue stream is needed so that inequalities are reduced and economic sustainability is achieved.

KOODIYATTAM

Koodiyattam


• One of the most ancient living theatrical traditions from Kerala.

• Antiquity of Koodiyattam goes to 10 the century A.D.

• King Kulasekhara Varma structured this art and
employed his own Sanskrit plays Tapatisamvaranam
& Subhadradhananjayam for the repertory.

• Koodiyattam finds its expression in ‘Koottambalam’ which means auditorium.

• Practiced and propagated by the Chakkiar community (also known by the name – Chakkiar Kootu).

• Women and men participate.
• Inspiration from the classics of Natyasastra, Kalidasa, Bhasa, Sriharsha,
Pallava Mahendra Varms, Kulasekhara, Saktibhadra etc.


Performance:

• Stage adoption is elaborate • Koodiyattam adheres to the acting technique elaborately described in Bharata’s Natyasastra, the basic book of Indian Dance.

• Also follow the stage manuals:
Attaprakaram, Karma Dipika, Hastalakshana Dipika etc.

Costume: semi realistic and the stage mannerisms
are highly stylized.

Orchestra: Cymbals, idakkai and a unique percussion instrument ‘milavu’ and flute – the Nangyars (women) sing while the Nambiyars (male) play the instruments.

• Characters
 Chakyaar – actor
 Naambiyaar – instrumentalists
 Naangyaar – women’s roles
 Sutradhar – narrator
 Vidushak or jesters – protagonists
 Vidushak alone delivers the dialogues
• Even single acts of plays are treated as full-fledged plays and are subjected to an elaborate method of acting.

• There is a wide emphasis on hand gestures and eye movements – makes this dance and theatre form unique.

• Performance language: Sanskrit, Prakrit,classical Malayalam.

• Chanting and singing of Koodiyattam resembles the Vedic chanting tradition
of Kerala.

• Songs are set to several ancient ragas.

• Need for proactive intervention from the
Government.

• Krishnattam and Kathakali draw heavily fro Koodiyatam.

• Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO along with Mudiyettu.